10 m3 of carbon dioxide is originally at a temperature of 50 °C and pressure of 10 kPa. Determine the new density and volume of the carbon dioxide if the temperature and pressure change to 75 oC and 15 kPa.

The time required to completely melt the frost can be calculated by first determining the mass of the frost using its thickness and the assumed surface area of the freezer compartment. Once we know the mass, we can calculate the amount of heat required to melt the frost. We can then find the time by dividing the heat required by the rate at which heat is transferred.

To solve this problem, we first need to calculate the volume of frost since we know its thickness (2 mm) and lets assume average surface area of the freezer. Lets say the surface area of the freezer compartment is A. Hence volume of frost would be 0.002m * A. Subsequently, using the volume and the density of the frost, we can find the mass of the frost. Mass = Density * Volume = 700 kg/m3 * 0.002m * A.

Once we have the mass of the frost, we can then calculate the amount of heat needed to completely melt the frost, Q. The formula for this is the mass of the frost multiplied by the latent heat of fusion (Q= mass * Lf), where Lf here is 334 kJ/kg. The time required to complete the process can finally be calculated by dividing the heat required to do so (Q) by the heat transferred per unit time (P = h*A*ΔT). Here, A is the surface area, h is the coefficient of heat transfer and ΔT is the temperature difference.

Note: Here we have used the area A which is lesser when the frost starts to melt and greater when the frost has been almost been melted.

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Explanation:

According to Clausius-Claperyon equation,

       [tex]ln (\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}}) = \frac{-\text{heat of vaporization}}{R} \times [\frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{T_{1}}][/tex]

The given data is as follows.

         [tex]T_{1} = 63.5^{o}C[/tex] = (63.5 + 273) K

                         = 336.6 K

        [tex]T_{2} = 78^{o}C[/tex] = (78 + 273) K

                         = 351 K

         [tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 1 atm,             [tex]P_{2}[/tex] = ?

Putting the given values into the above equation as follows.    

        [tex]ln (\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}}) = \frac{-\text{heat of vaporization}}{R} \times [\frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{T_{1}}][/tex]

       [tex]ln (\frac{1.75 atm}{1 atm}) = \frac{-\text{heat of vaporization}}{8.314 J/mol K} \times [\frac{1}{351 K} - \frac{1}{336.6 K}][/tex]

                      [tex]\Delta H[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.559}{1.466 \times 10^{-4}} J/mol[/tex]

                                  = [tex]0.38131 \times 10^{4} J/mol[/tex]

                                  = 3813.1 J/mol

Thus, we can conclude that the heat of vaporization of ethanol is 3813.1 J/mol.

Answer:

The dynamic viscosity of the liquid is 0.727 kg/m*s

Explanation:

In the equation for that viscosimeter, ν = KR⁴t, the terms K and R are not dependent on the liquid that is being tested, unlike ν and t.

Using that equation and the data given in the problem, we can calculate the product of K and R⁴.

1.19*10⁻³m²/s = (KR⁴)* 1430 s

KR⁴=8,32*10⁻⁷m²/s²

We can now calculate the kinematic viscosity of the unknown liquid.

ν=8,32*10⁻⁷m²/s²*900s

ν=7.49*10⁻⁴m²/s

The relationship between the kinematic viscosity and the dynamic viscosity is given by the equation μ=ν * ρ, where μ is the dynamic viscosity and ρ is the density. Thus:

μ=7.49*10⁻⁴m²/s * 970 kg/m³

μ=0.727 kg/m*s

Answer:

the dynamic viscosity is 0.72653 N s/m²

Explanation:

the solution is in the attached Word file

Answer:

The correct option is: a) 2 U.S. pounds;

B) 1.672622×10⁻²⁷ kg

Explanation

Pound is a United States customary unit for mass and is abbreviated as lb. One pound is defined as being equal to 0.45359237 kilograms (kg), exactly.

Kilogram is the SI unit of mass and is abbreviated as kg.

Since, 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg  

Therefore, 1 kg = 1 ÷ 0.45359237 lb ≈ 2.20462 lb

Therefore, we can say that 1 kilogram is slightly more than 2 pounds.

A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, that possesses +1e electric charge and has mass approximately equal to 1.672622×10⁻²⁷ kg.

Answer:

Explanation has been given below

Explanation:

A cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclohexane is more stable than its trans isomer due to lower steric hindrance in the cis configuration as compared to the trans.

A cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclohexane is more stable than its trans isomer because of a property known as steric hindrance. In organic chemistry, steric hindrance is a phenomenon where the size of groups within a molecule prevents chemical reactions from taking place. In a cis isomer, the substituents are on the same side of the ring, specifically on the ring's axial position. This arrangement minimizes the steric hindrance, which makes it more stable. On the other hand, the trans isomer has the substituents on opposite sides of the ring, causing more steric hindrance and thus it is less stable.

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Answer:

The only one which will dissolve is salt try other ones can't dissolve.

Answer:

Salt

Explanation:

Salt can be dissolved in water.

Answer:

a) 21.133 minutes for series

b) 84.54 minutes when split into 4

Explanation:

Data provided:

Total flow, V₀ = 45 MGD

total volume of each basin, V = 2500 m³

Now,

1 MGD = 3785.4118 m³/day

also,

1 day = 1440 minutes

thus,

45 MGD =  45 × 3785.4118 m³/day

or

45 MGD = 170343.5305 m³/day

and,

170343.5305 m³/day  in 'm³/min'

= 170343.5305 / 1440

= 118.2941 m³/min.

Therefore,

The retention time, t = [tex]\frac{\textup{Volume of tank}}{\textup{Volumetric Flowrate }}[/tex]

or

The retention time, t = [tex]\frac{\textup{2500}}{\textup{118.2941 }}[/tex]

or

The retention time, t = 21.13 min

Hence,

for series of tanks the retention time is 21.133 min.

Now,

on splitting the tanks in 4

the volumetric flow rate will be

= [tex]\frac{\textup{118.2941}}{\textup{4}}[/tex]

= 29.57 m³/min.

Therefore,

The retention time = [tex]\frac{\textup{Total Volume of tank}}{\textup{Volumetric Flowrate }}[/tex]

or

The retention time, t = [tex]\frac{\textup{2500}}{\textup{29.57 }}[/tex]

or

The retention time, t = 84.54 min

Answer: In the reaction rate law the rate is expressed in terms of concentrations of species. It is important to know how much time a reaction will take to complete itself. It depends on some factors. Temperature, concentration of component, catalyst and pressure. On increasing these factors the rate of reaction of a respective reaction increases. It doesn't depends upon reactor type.

Answer:

The term dielectric makes reference to materials that are insulators (the charges in the material does not flow freely and for this reason an insulator material cannot conduce electricity). BUT if we applied this material in an electric field they can be polarized.

Dielectric Constant: It is also defined as a relative permittivity and it is the amount of charge required to produce one unit of electric flux( electric field in a surface)  in a given medium.

it is typically denoted as Epsilon (ε)

and its formula is: ε = ε(ω) /ε(0)

where:

ε(ω) = the frequency-dependent permittivity of the material

ε(0) = the dielectric constant value in vacuum

Dielectric Constant values:

Answer : The correct answer is, [tex]0.274\times 10^{12}[/tex]

Explanation :

Engineering notation : It is the representation of expressing the numbers that are too big or too small and are represented in the decimal form times 10 raise to the power.  It is similar to the scientific notation but in engineering notation, the powers of ten are always multiples of 3.

The engineering notation written in the form:

[tex]a\times 10^b[/tex]

where,

a = the number which is greater than 0 and less than 999

b = an integer multiple of 3

For example : [tex]45.89\times 10^3[/tex]  or [tex]56.45\times 10^{-6}[/tex]

If the decimal is shifting to right side, the power of 10 is negative and if the decimal is shifting to left side, the power of 10 is positive.

As we are given the 274,541,005,000 in standard notation.

Now converting this into engineering notation, we get:

[tex]\Rightarrow 274,541,005,000=0.274\times 10^{12}[/tex]

As, the decimal point is shifting to left side, thus the power of 10 is positive.

Hence, the correct answer is, [tex]0.274\times 10^{12}[/tex]

Final answer:

To write 274,541,005,000 in Engineering Notation with 3 significant figures, we need to move the decimal point so that we have a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. The number becomes 2.75 × 10¹¹.

Explanation:

Engineering Notation is a way of expressing numbers in scientific notation but with the power of 10 always being a multiple of 3. To write 274,541,005,000 in Engineering Notation with 3 significant figures, we need to move the decimal point so that we have a number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. The number becomes 2.75 × 10¹¹.

Answer:

The correct option is: a. degrees Celsius

Explanation:

The anion gap is the difference in the cations and anions in plasma, serum or urine, calculated from medical lab test results. It can be calculated by measuring the concentration of the anions or cations, which are expressed in millimoles/litre (mmol/L) or milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L).

The temperature in this test is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

Answer:

The volume of a chlorine solution a homeowner should add to her swimming pool is [tex]4.480\times 10^3 mL[/tex].

Explanation:

The solution contains 5.50 percent chlorine by mass.

Mass of the chlorine required to added in the pool= x

Mass of the water in the pool = y

Volume of the water ,V= [tex]6.52\times 10^4 gal=2.464\times 10^5 L[/tex]

(1 gal = 3.78 L)

V = [tex]2.464\times 10^5 L=2.464\times 10^8 mL[/tex]

( 1 L = 1000 mL)

Density of the water ,d= 1.00 g/mL

[tex]y=d\times V=1.00 g/mL\times 2.464\times 10^8 mL=2.464\times 10^8 g[/tex]

y = [tex]2.464\times 10^8 g[/tex]

1.00 g of chlorine per million grams of water .

Then for  [tex]2.464\times 10^8 g[/tex] of water, we required x amount of chlorine:

[tex]z=\frac{2.464\times 10^8 g}{10^6 g}=246.4 g[/tex]

x = 246.4 grams of chlorine

Mass of the chlorine solution = M'

[tex](w/w)\%=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times 100[/tex]

[tex]5.5\%=\frac{z}{M'}\times 100[/tex]

[tex]M'=\frac{246.4}{5.5}\times 100=4,480 g[/tex]

Density of the chlorine solution = D = 1 g/mL

Volume of the chlorine solution to be added in the pool : v

[tex]v=D\times M'=1 g/mL\times 4,480 g=4480 mL[/tex]

[tex]v=4.480\times 10^3 mL[/tex]

The volume of a chlorine solution a homeowner should add to her swimming pool is [tex]4.480\times 10^3 mL[/tex].

Answer:

4.45 L

Explanation:

The concentration of chlorine in the pool must be 1.00g/10⁶g, and the solution has 5.50g/100g, so it will be diluted in the pool.

The product of the concentration by the volume is always constant in a solution, thus, we can use the equation:

C1V1 = C2V2

Where C is the concentration, V is the volume, 1 represents the solution, and 2 the pool. So, C1 = 5.50g/100g, C2 = 1.00g/10⁶g, V2 = 6.52x10⁴ gal = 247108 L. Thus,

(5.50/100)*V1 = (1.00/10⁶)*247108

0.055V1 = 0.247108

V1 = 4.5 L

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

           [tex]T_{1}[/tex] = [tex]80.1^{o}C[/tex] = (80 + 273) = 353 K

  Atmospheric pressure = 445 torr

   Heat of vaporization = 30.72 kJ/mol = [tex]30.72 kJ/mol \times \frac{1000 J/}{1 kJ}[/tex]

                                      = 30720 J/mol

Now, according to Clausius-Clapereryon equation,

              [tex]ln (\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}}) = \frac{-\text{heat of vaporization}}{R} \times \frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{T_{1}}[/tex]

Putting the given values into the above equation as follows.

                   [tex]ln (\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}}) = \frac{-\text{heat of vaporization}}{R} \times \frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{T_{1}}[/tex]

               [tex]ln (\frac{445}{760}) = \frac{-30720 J/mol}}{8.314 J/mol K} \times \frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{353 K}[/tex]    

                   -0.5352 = [tex]-3694.9723 \times \frac{1}{T_{2}} - \frac{1}{353 K}[/tex]                  

                   [tex]\frac{1}{T_{2}}[/tex] = 0.002977

                      [tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 335.909 K

or,                             = [tex](335.909 - 273)^{o}C[/tex]

                                = [tex]62.909^{o}C[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that benzene boils at [tex]62.909^{o}C[/tex] when the external pressure is 445 torr.

We have that for the Question "At what temperature does benzene boil when the external pressure is 445 torr" it can be said to be at

From the question we are told

Benzene has a heat of vaporization of 30.72 kJ/mol and a normal boiling point of 80.1°C. At what temperature does benzene boil when the external pressure is 445 torr?

Generally the equation for the Pressure ratio  is mathematically given as

[tex]ln(p2/p1)=-(heat of vapour/R)*(1/t2-1/t1}\\\\Therefore\\\\ln(445/760)=-(30720/8.3k)*(\frac{1}{1/t2-1/353.1}\\\\T2=335.919k\\\\[/tex]

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Explanation:

It is given here that a slab is made up of dry wood.

Thickness of slab = 4 inch

It is given condition that the edges of the slab are sealed and exposed to air.

Given the relative humidity of air = 40%

The surface of slab is unsealed and reached to the equilibrium moisture content = [tex]\frac{8 lb H_{2}O}{100 lb dry wood}[/tex].

Given, the diffusivity of water in the slab = [tex]6 \times 10^{-6} cm^{2}/s[/tex].

As per the given condition 1% moisture content will be taken by multiplying the moisture content by 1%, i.e. 0.01.

It is given that the thickness of slab is in inch, so converting the thickness of slab in cm as follows.

        Thickness of slab = [tex]4 inch \times 2.54 inch/cm[/tex]

                                     = 10.16 cm             (As, 1 inch = 2.54 cm)

Since, the equilibrium moisture content is required to calculate at the center of the slab.

The center of the slab, from the semi-infinite slab solution will be taken from thickness t = 0.

The thickness at center = 10.16 cm

Hence, calculate total thickness at the center of slab as follows.

          [tex]\frac{\text{total thickness of slab}}{2}[/tex]

                = 5.08 cm

Now, by semi-infinite solution, and by 40% relative humidity of air, time for moisture content to reach at the center of the slab, to 1% of its equilibrium value will be calculated as follows.

       Time(Seconds) = [tex]\frac{thickness^{2}(cm^{2}) \times \text{relative humidity} \times 0.01 \times \text{equilibrium content} \times \text{equilibrium moisture}}{\text{diffusivity(cm/s)}}[/tex]

       Time (sec) = [tex]\frac{5.08 cm \times 5.08 cm \times 0.4 \times \text{relative humidity} \times 0.01 \text{equilibrium content} \times 8 lb H_{2}O}{100 lb dry.wood \times 6 \times 10{-6} cm^{2}/s \text{diffusivity}}[/tex]

               Time (Seconds) = 1376.34 seconds

Thus, we can conclude that the time required for the moisture content at the center of the slab to reach to 1 % of equilibrium value is 1376.34 seconds.

Answer:

Benzoic acid can be prepared from benzyl alcohol using potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid.

Explanation:

Benzyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that can be transformed into benzoic acid by an oxidation reaction.

The reactants needed are potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid.

The sulfuric acid is needed to react with the potassium dichromate and form cromic acid, which is a strong oxidizing agent that will convert the alcohol to its equivalent carboxylic acid.

The chemical reaction is

3ФCH₂OH + 2Cr₂O⁷⁻ + 16 H⁺  3ФCOOH + 4Cr³⁺ + 11H₂O

Explanation:

( a )

The four types of  spread spectrum techniques are as follows -

1. Direct sequence spread spectrum .

2. frequency hopping spread spectrum .

3. chirp spread spectrum .

4. time hopping spread spectrum .

( b )

The Direct sequence spread spectrum was devised for eavesdropping in the military .

In the field of telecommunications , the Direct sequence spread spectrum , it is the technique of spread spectrum modulation which is used to reduce the overall inference of the signal .

Answer: b. accepts [tex]H^+[/tex] ions from acids

Explanation:

According to Arrhenius concept, a base is defined as a substance which donates hydroxide ions [tex](OH^-)[/tex] when dissolved in water and an acid is defined as a substance which donates hydronium ions [tex](H_3O^+)[/tex] in water.

According to the Bronsted Lowry conjugate acid-base theory, an acid is defined as a substance which donates [tex]H^+[/tex] ions and a base is defined as a substance which accepts [tex]H^+[/tex] ions.

[tex]NH_3+H_2O\rightarrow NH_4^++OH^-[/tex]

Here water is donating [tex]H^+[/tex] ions, and thus act as acid and ammoia [tex]NH_3[/tex] is accepting [tex]H^+[/tex] ions from water and thus is a base.

According to the Lewis concept, an acid is defined as a substance that accepts electron pairs and base is defined as a substance which donates electron pairs.

Thus base is a substance which accepts  [tex]H^+[/tex] ions from acids.

Answer:

c) 3.41 atm

Explanation:

We can calculate the final pressure using Boyles Law, P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

(0.983 atm)(10.0 L) = P₂(2.88 L)

9.83 ÷ 2.88 = P₂

P₂ = 3.41 atm

The final pressure can be determined by using Boyles law and will be 3.41 atm.

The force delivered perpendicularly to a surface of the structure per unit area throughout whom that force would be dispersed is known as pressure.

According to Boyle's law, the relationship between a gas's pressure as well as volume seems to be inverse.

Given data:

[tex]P_{1} = 0.983 atm\\V_{1} = 10 L\\V_{2} = 2.88 L[/tex]

Calculation of pressure.

The formula of Boyles law:

[tex]P_{1} V_{1} = P_{2} V_{2}[/tex]

Put the value of given data:

[tex](0.983) (10 ) = P_{2} (2.88)\\P_{2} = 3.41 atm[/tex]

Therefore, the final pressure will be 3.41 atm.

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Answer:

the price of the new computer was [tex]\$ 731.34[/tex]

Explanation:

let's assume that the price of the computer was [tex]\$ x[/tex] when it was new.

As price depreciates at a rate of 15% therefore we can mathematically express this situation when the computer is 5 yrs old as-

              [tex]x\times (1-0.15)^{5}=324.50[/tex]

            or,   [tex]x\times (0.85)^{5}=324.50[/tex]

            or, [tex]x=\frac{324.50}{(0.85)^{5}}[/tex]

             or, [tex]x=731.34[/tex]

So, the price of the new computer was [tex]\$ 731.34[/tex]

Answer : The mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate needed are, 36.969 grams.

Explanation : Given,

Moles of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 0.150 mole

Molar mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 246.46 g/mole

Formula used :

[tex]\text{Mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate}=\text{Moles of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate}\times {\text{Molar mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this formula, we get:

[tex]\text{Mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate}=0.150mole\times 246.46g/mole[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate}=36.969g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate needed are, 36.969 grams.

To obtain 0.150 moles of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, you will need 36.969 grams.

To determine the weight needed to obtain 0.150 moles of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O), you can use the molar mass and the number of moles given.

Mass = Number of Moles x Molar Mass

Substitute the values into the formula:

Mass = 0.150 moles x 246.46 g/mol

Mass = 36.969 g

Therefore, to obtain 0.150 moles of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, you need 36.969 grams.

Answer:

The average thermal conductivity of the material at this temperature range is 3*10^(-9) W/mK.

Explanation:

The heat flow through this area of the metal panel can be expressed as:

[tex]q/A=-k\frac{(T_2-T_1)}{Y}[/tex]

being A the surface area, k the thermal conductivity, T2 and T1 the temperatures in each side and Y the thickness of the metal panel.

We have to rearrange the equation to clear k:

[tex]k=\frac{-(q/A)*Y}{\Delta T} = \frac{-(3 W/100 cm2)*0.5cm}{5 ^\circ K}*(\frac{1m}{100cm} )^{3} \\\\k=\frac{0.015}{5*100^{3} }W/mK= 3*10^{-9}W/mK[/tex]

The average thermal conductivity of the material at this temperature range is 3*10^(-9) W/mK.

Answer: The volume of iron is [tex]3.031\times 10^{-3}m^3[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate volume of a substance, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Density of a substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of a substance}}{\text{Volume of a substance}}[/tex]

We are given:

Mass of iron = 52.6 lbm = 23.86 kg   (Conversion factor:  1 kg = 2.205 lbm)

Density of iron = [tex]7873kg/m^3[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]7873kg/m^3=\frac{23.86kg}{\text{Volume of iron}}\\\\\text{Volume of iron}=3.031\times 10^{-3}m^3[/tex]

Hence, the volume of iron is [tex]3.031\times 10^{-3}m^3[/tex]

Answer:

Ribosome, Hexokinase, Glucose, CO2.

Ribosomes are proteins that sintetize the proteins in the cell, depending of the organism, the can size up to 30 nm. Hexokinase is an enzyme that measures approximately 50 kDa, and in its spatial conformation it sizes about 5 to 6 nm in diameter. Glucose is a molecule that sizes about 1 nm, and CO2 is another molecule that sizes 0.232 nm.

Answer:

Newton's law of viscosity

It relates shear stress in a fluid flow to velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the flow of fluid.

[tex]\tau\ \alpha \ \frac{\mathrm{d} u}{\mathrm{d} y}[/tex]

Or

[tex]\tau\ =\mu \times \frac{\mathrm{d} u}{\mathrm{d} y}[/tex]

[tex]\tau\ =Shear\ stress[/tex]

[tex]\frac{du}{dy} =[/tex] Rate of shear deformation

[tex]\mu\ =Viscosity[/tex]

Hooke's Law

It states that within the limit of elasticity, the stress-induced (σ ) in the solid due to some external force is always in proportion with the strain (ε ). In other words, the force causing stress in a solid is directly proportional to the solid's deformation.

[tex]\sigma\ \alpha\ \epsilon[/tex]

[tex]\sigma=E\ \epsilon[/tex]

where E is constant of proportionality known as Young's Modulus and it represents the stiffness of the material.

The type of matter is different in both Newton's and Hook's laws.

Newton's law of viscous deformation deals with deformation of fluids that is subjected to a load. This law states that shears stress is proportional to shear strain.

While on the other hand, Hooke's law of elasticity deals with deformation in solids which are subjected to a load so we can conclude that the type of matter is different in both Newton's and Hook's laws.

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Answer :

(1) pH = 1.27

(2) pH = 13.35

(3) The given solution is not a buffer.

Explanation :

(1) 53.1 mM HCl

Concentration of HCl = [tex]53.1mM=53.1\times 10^{-3}M[/tex]

As HCl is a strong acid. So, it dissociates completely to give hydrogen ion and chloride ion.

So, Concentration of hydrogen ion= [tex]53.1\times 10^{-3}M[/tex]

pH : It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.

[tex]pH=-\log [H^+][/tex]

[tex]pH=-\log (53.1\times 10^{-3})[/tex]

[tex]pH=1.27[/tex]

(2) 0.223 M KOH

Concentration of KOH = 0.223 M

As KOH is a strong base. So, it dissociates completely to give hydroxide ion and potassium ion.

So, Concentration of hydroxide ion= 0.223 M

Now we have to calculate the pOH.

[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]

[tex]pOH=-\log (0.223)[/tex]

[tex]pOH=0.65[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the pH.

[tex]pH+pOH=14\\\\pH=14-pOH\\\\pH=14-0.65=13.35[/tex]

(3) 53.1 mM HCl + 0.223 M KOH

Buffer : It is defined as a solution that maintain the pH of the solution by adding the small amount of acid or a base.

It is not a buffer because HCl is a strong acid and KOH is a strong base. Both dissociates completely.

As we know that the pH of strong acid and strong base solution is always 7.

So, the given solution is not a buffer.

Answer: The mass of ammonia produced in the reaction is 11.36 g

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]      .....(1)

Given mass of nitrogen gas = 9.35 g

Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 28 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of nitrogen gas}=\frac{9.35g}{28g/mol}=0.334mol[/tex]

The chemical reaction for the formation of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen follows:

[tex]3H_2+N_2\rightarrow 2NH_3[/tex]

As, hydrogen gas is present in excess. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.

Nitrogen gas is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of products.

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of nitrogen gas is producing 2 moles of ammonia gas

So, 0.334 moles of nitrogen gas will produce = [tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.334=0.668mol[/tex] of ammonia gas.

Now, calculating the mass of ammonia gas by using equation 1, we get:

Moles of ammonia gas = 0.668 mol

Molar mass of ammonia gas = 17 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]0.668mol=\frac{\text{Mass of ammonia gas}}{17g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of ammonia gas}=11.36g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of ammonia produced in the reaction is 11.36 g

Final answer:

To calculate the mass of ammonia produced from 9.35 g of nitrogen gas, convert the mass of nitrogen to moles, use the stoichiometric relationship from the balanced reaction to find moles of ammonia, and then convert back to grams. The result is 11.37 g of NH3.

Explanation:

To calculate how many grams of ammonia (NH3) will be produced from 9.35 g of nitrogen gas (N2) using the chemical equation N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g), we need to perform stoichiometric calculations. First, we determine the molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) which is 28.02 g/mol. Using this, we find that 9.35 g of N2 is equivalent to 9.35 g / 28.02 g/mol = 0.3338 mol of N2.

From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 1 mole of nitrogen gas produces 2 moles of ammonia. Therefore, 0.3338 mole N2 × (2 moles NH3 / 1 mole N2) = 0.6676 mole NH3. Finally, using the molar mass of ammonia, which is 17.03 g/mol, we can find the mass of ammonia produced: 0.6676 mol × 17.03 g/mol = 11.37 g of NH3.

Answer:

pH = 5,22

Explanation:

A buffer consist in a solution with both conjugate acid (HA) and conjugate base (A⁻). To know the concentration of both A⁻ and HA you use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pka + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{A^{-} }{HA}[/tex]

In the problem:

5,23 = 5,14 + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{A^{-} }{HA}[/tex]

1,23 = [tex]\frac{A^{-} }{HA}[/tex] (1)

Also, you know buffer concentration is 1,0 M:

1,0 M = A⁻ + HA (2)

Replacing (2) in (1):

HA = 0,45 M, thus:

A⁻ = 0,55 M.

The addition of 1.50 mL of 5.00 M HCl represents a concentration of:

1,50x10⁻³ L×[tex]\frac{5,00 mol}{L}[/tex] ÷ 0,5 L = 0,015 M of HCl

The buffer equilibrium is:

HA ⇄ A⁻ + H⁺ ka = [tex]10^{-5,14}[/tex]

The concentrations in equilibrium are:

[HA] = 0,45 M + x

[A⁻] = 0,55 M - x

[H⁺] = 0,015 M -x

Because the equilibrium is displaced to the left.

The equation of equilibrium is:

[tex]10^{5,14}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{[0,015M -x][0,55M-x]}{[0,45M-x]}[/tex]

You will obtain:

x² - 0,565x + 8,24674x10⁻³ = 0

Solving:

x = 0,5500061 ⇒ No physical sense

x = 0,01499391

Thus, [H⁺] = 0,015 - 0,01499391 = 6,09x10⁻⁶

As pH = -log₁₀ [H⁺]

pH = 5,22

I hope it helps!

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

 [tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 1.5 atm,     [tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 20 L,  [tex]T_{1}[/tex] = (28 + 273) K = 301 K

   [tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 5 atm,     [tex]V_{2}[/tex] = ?,  [tex]T_{2}[/tex] = (50 + 273) K = 323 K

Formula to calculate the volume will be as follows.

         [tex]\frac{P_{1} \times V_{1}}{T_{1}}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{P_{2} \times V_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Putting the given values into the above formula as follows.

        [tex]\frac{P_{1} \times V_{1}}{T_{1}}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{P_{2} \times V_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]  

        [tex]\frac{1.5 atm \times 20 L}{301 K}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{5 atm \times V_{2}}{323 K}[/tex]  

                 [tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 0.64 L

Thus, we can conclude that the change in volume of the balloon will be 0.64 L.

Answer:

Its A

Explanation:

Its A

The correct answer is B. A gas is formed

Explanation:

In chemistry, changes in substances or elements occur as a product of chemical reactions in which a substance reacts with others or decomposes. In any of these cases, the original substance or element changes into new or new substances, which does not occur in physical changes. This change in composition can be identified through different changes and signals that include a change in odor, color or temperature; the production of bubbles or gas; and the formation of a precipitate. According to this, the situation that is an indication of a chemical change is the formation of a gas, because only if the original substance has changed there would be a new substance such as a gas.

Answer: The volume of balloon at 100°C is 4.46 L

Explanation:

To calculate the final temperature of the system, we use the equation given by Charles' Law. This law states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure.

Mathematically,

[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_1\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.

[tex]V_2\text{ and }T_2[/tex] are the final volume and temperature of the gas.

We are given:

[tex]V_1=3.50L\\T_1=20^oC=(20+273)K=293K\\V_2=?L\\T_2=100^oC=(100+273)K=373K[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\frac{3.5L}{293K}=\frac{V_2}{373K}\\\\V_2=4.46L[/tex]

Hence, the volume of balloon at 100°C is 4.46 L