A solution contains 0.133 g of dissolved Lead. How many moles of soduim chloride must be added to the solution to completly precipitate all of the disolved lead?
How many liters of water vapor can be produced if 108 grams of methane gas (CH4) are combusted at 312 K and 0.98 atm? Show all of the work used to solve this problem. CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) yields CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
Answer:
176 L liters of water vapor can be produced.
Explanation:
Using the Ideal gas law,
PV = nRT, where P, T, n, R and T stand for pressure, volume, moles, universal gas constant and temperature respectively.
n = m/M, where n, m and M stand for moles, mass and molar mass respectively.
PV = [tex]\frac{mRT}{M}[/tex]
Given ,
T = 312 K
P = 0.98 atm
m = 108 g
M (CH4) = 16.04 g /mol
R = 0.0821 Latm/molK
V = [tex]\frac{mRT}{PM}[/tex]
Plugging the numbers in the Ideal gas law we get,
V = [tex]\frac{(108 g)(0.0821 Latm/molK)(312K)}{(16.04g/mol)(0.98atm)}[/tex]
V = 175.99 L
Calculate the root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 ∘c.
The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 °C is 364.42 m/s.
Explanation:The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms can be calculated using the equation Vrms= √(3kT/m), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of the particle.
To calculate the velocity, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the value in degrees Celsius. In this case, the temperature is 26 °C, so T = 26 + 273.15 = 299.15 K.
Substituting the given values and the molar mass of argon into the equation, we get Vrms= √(3 (1.38x10-23 J/K) (299.15 K) / (39.948 g/mol)) = 364.42 m/s.
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The root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius is calculated using the root mean square equation and the constants for the Boltzmann constant and the molar mass of argon. The temperature is also converted to Kelvin.
Explanation:In order to calculate the root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius, we have to use the root mean square speed equation, which is also known as the urms equation. The urms is a measure of the average speed for a group of particles. This equation is calculated as the square root of the average squared speed.
Firstly, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Hence, the temperature (T) becomes 299.15K.
The formula for root mean square velocity is Vrms = sqrt(3kT/m) where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38×10−23 J/K) and m is the molar mass of argon which is 39.95g/mol. Please note, that the molar mass should be converted to kg/mol which becomes 39.95x10^-3 kg/mol.
So, urms=sqrt[(3)(1.38×10−23 J/K)(299.15K)/(39.95x10^-3 kg/mol)]. This will give you the root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius.
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A 50.0 −mL sample of 1.50×10−2 M Na2SO4(aq) is added to 50.0 mL of 1.28×10−2 M Ca(NO3)2(aq). What percentage of the Ca2+ remains unprecipitated?
To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO4^2- and use the limiting reagent to find the remaining Ca2+. Finally, use this value to calculate the percentage.
Explanation:To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, we first need to calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- in the solution.
The moles of Ca2+ can be calculated using the formula Molarity (M) = Moles (mol) / Volume (L). Once the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- are known, we can determine which ion is the limiting reagent and calculate how much of the other ion remains unprecipitated.
The formula for the percentage of the Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated is: (Moles of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated / Initial moles of Ca2+) x 100%.
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What does it mean to standardize the naoh solution why can the molarity of the naoh solution not be determined accurately?
Standardizing a NaOH solution means determining its accurate concentration or molarity. It's necessary because factors like air exposure and the hygroscopic nature of NaOH can distort the accurate measurement of NaOH's weight, leading to inaccurate calculation of molarity. By titration using a known concentration solution, NaOH's accurate molarity can be determined.
Explanation:Standardizing a solution, in this case a NaOH solution, means to accurate determine the concentration (Molarity) of the solution. It is important because the concentration of NaOH cannot be determined accurately just by dissolving it in water. This is due to factors like air exposure and the hygroscopic nature of NaOH,
Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the air, and so the actual weight and hence, the accordant molar concentration of the NaOH in the solution can be distorted. But, by a process known as titration, using a solution of accurately known concentration to react with the NaOH solution, the molarity can be determined accurately.
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Final answer:
Standardizing a NaOH solution is necessary to accurately determine its concentration due to the presence of impurities and water absorption. The process involves titrating the NaOH against a primary standard like KHP. Without standardization, the molarity of NaOH solution cannot be precisely known.
Explanation:
Standardizing a NaOH Solution:
To standardize the NaOH solution means to accurately determine its concentration because NaOH solid often contains impurities and absorbs water from the atmosphere, which affects its molarity. The process typically involves titrating NaOH against a primary standard such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). A carefully weighed amount of dry KHP is dissolved in water and titrated with the NaOH solution. The point at which the reaction between KHP and the NaOH is complete (the endpoint) allows for the calculation of the NaOH's molarity.
One reason the molarity of an NaOH solution cannot be determined accurately without standardization is because commercially available NaOH contains impurities such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and it readily absorbs water (H₂O). As a secondary standard, its exact concentration is not known unless standardized against a primary standard.
If we want to prepare 2 liters of a 0.100 M NaOH solution, we would use the equation: Mass NaOH = Molarity (M) x Molar Mass NaOH x Volume NaOH (L). For NaOH with a molar mass of 40.0 g/mol, the calculation is 0.100 mol/L x 40.0 g/mol x 2.00 L, resulting in 8.00 g of NaOH required.
Consider the energy diagram below. xn. mc012-1.jpg Which line indicates a higher reaction rate? A because it has a lower activation energy. B because it has a lower activation energy. A because its mc012-2.jpgGrxn is much lower. B because its mc012-3.jpgGrxn is much lower.
Answer is: B because it has a lower activation energy.
For all chemical reaction some energy is required and that energy is called activation energy (energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start), activation energy for reaction B is lower that for reaction A.
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.
Chemical reactions occur faster with a catalyst because they require less activation energy.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
who painted ophelis in 1852
Write a chemical equation for Ba(OH )2 (aq) showing how it is an acid or a base according to the Arrhenius definition.
Barium hydroxide acts as a base according to the Arrhenius definition by dissociating in water to produce hydroxide ions, represented by the equation Ba(OH)2 (aq) → Ba2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq).
Explanation:According to the Arrhenius definition, a base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. The chemical equation for barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, showing how it acts as a base is as follows:
Ba(OH)2 (aq) → Ba2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
This equation demonstrates the dissociation of barium hydroxide in water, resulting in barium ions and hydroxide ions. Barium hydroxide is a strong base because it completely dissociates in aqueous solution.
To write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Ba(OH)2 (aq) with an acid, we would follow this general pattern:
Acid (aq) + Base (aq) → Salt (aq) + H2O (l)
However, in this particular instance, the student asked only for the dissociation of barium hydroxide as a base. The creation of water would be relevant if an acid were present to provide H+ ions.
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The equation for Ba(OH)₂ according to the Arrhenius definition is [tex]Ba(OH)_2 (aq) \rightarrow Ba^{2+} (aq) + 2OH^- (aq)[/tex].
The Arrhenius definition states that a base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in aqueous solution.
The dissociation of Ba(OH)₂ in water is as follows:
[tex]Ba(OH)_2 (aq) \rightarrow Ba^{2+} (aq) + 2OH^- (aq)[/tex].
In this equation, Ba(OH)₂ dissociates in water to produce barium ions (Ba²⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Since the concentration of OH⁻ ions increases in the solution, Ba(OH)₂ is classified as a base according to the Arrhenius definition.
Steps to Represent Ba(OH)₂ as a Base:
Identify that Ba(OH)₂ is a base because it produces OH⁻ in water.Write down the dissociation equation: [tex]Ba(OH)_2 (aq) \rightarrow Ba^{2+} (aq) + 2OH^- (aq)[/tex].Understand that the increase in OH⁻ ion concentration makes Ba(OH)₂ an Arrhenius base.The pH of a solution is 7. When acid is added to the solution, the hydronium ion concentration becomes 100 times greater. What is the pH of the new solution?
A) 14
B) 9
C) 1
D) 5
Initially, the pH of the solution is 7, and the hydronium ion concentration is 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M. Adding acid increases the concentration by 100 times to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M, resulting in a new pH of 5. The answer is D) 5.
Initially, the pH of the solution is 7, indicating a hydronium ion concentration of 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M. When acid is added, the hydronium ion concentration becomes 100 times greater. The new concentration will be:
1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M × 100 = 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M
The pH is calculated using the formula:
pH = -log[H₃O⁺]Substituting the new hydronium ion concentration into the formula:
pH = -log(1.0 × 10⁻⁵) = 5
Thus, the pH of the new solution is 5. The correct answer is D) 5.
At what temperature would a 1.50 m nacl solution freeze, given that the van't hoff factor for nacl is 1.9? kf for water is 1.86 ∘c/m .
Final answer:
To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula: ΔT = Kf × m × i, where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9. The freezing point of the solution can be found by subtracting the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water.
Explanation:
To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula:
ΔT = Kf × m × i,
where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9.
Let's substitute the given values into the formula:
ΔT = 1.86 °C/m × 1.50 m × 1.9,
ΔT = 5.31 °C.
To find the freezing point of the solution, we subtract the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water, which is 0 °C:
Freezing point = 0 °C - 5.31 °C = -5.31 °C.
Therefore, the 1.50 m NaCl solution would freeze at a temperature of -5.31 °C.
Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide are combined.
The net ionic equation for the reaction occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide are combined is:
[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]
An Oxidation-reduction reaction is a reaction in which the oxidation states of an atom is being transformed from one state to the other.
In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, reacting electrons are shifted and transferred from one reacting species to another.
The net ionic equation for the reaction occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide are combined is determined as follow:
The complete Ionic equation is:
[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + NaOH_{(aq)} \to NaClO_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]
HClO is unionized in the ionic reaction since it is a weak acid.∴
[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + Na^+_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to Na^+{(aq)} + ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]
The net Ionic Equation is:
[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]
We can therefore conclude that the net Ionic Equation is [tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]
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Final answer:
The net ionic equation for the reaction between hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq) -> OCl- (aq) + H2O (l). This neutralization reaction forms sodium hypochlorite and water, with sodium ions being spectator ions.
Explanation:
The net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are combined can be written following the principles of a double displacement reaction, which is a type of neutralization reaction. Despite the information provided referring to the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with NaOH, the question asks about hypochlorous acid specifically. Thus, the reaction between HOCl and NaOH will result in the formation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and water (H2O), not HCl and NaOH.
Here is the net ionic equation for the HOCl and NaOH reaction:
HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq) → OCl- (aq) + H2O (l)
In this reaction, the OCl- is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid, and the hydroxide ion (OH-) comes from the sodium hydroxide. The H+ from the acid and the OH- from the base combine to form water, leaving the OCl- and Na+ ions in solution. As Na+ is a spectator ion, it does not appear in the net ionic equation.
Write the complete electron configuration for an atom of element 3
which of the following is not true about cholesterol?
A) it’s an alcohol
B) it’s a lipid
C) it’s saponifiable
D) a steroid
If pu perform 10 joules of work lifting a 10-N box from the floor to the shelf how high is the shelf
The work can be calculated by multiplying the force by the amount of movement of an object.
Mathematically it can be represented as:
[tex]W=F\times d[\tex]
F represents force,
W represents work
d represents distance
Here,
W is given as 10 J
d is the height of shell
F is given as 10 N
So,
by putting all the values in the equation, we get:
10=10\times d
So, d=1 m
so the height of shell will be 1 m.
Determine the mass of Al(C2H3O2)3 that contains 2.63 Χ 1024 atoms of oxygen.
Answer : The mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] is, 148.48 grams.
Solution : Given,
Molar mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] = 204 g/mole
As we know that,
1 mole contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms
In the given compound [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex], there are 1 atom of aluminium, 6 atoms of carbon, 9 atoms of hydrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen.
As, [tex]6\times (6.022\times 10^{23})[/tex] number of atoms of oxygen present in 1 mole of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]
So, [tex]2.63\times 10^{24}[/tex] number of atoms of oxygen present in [tex]\frac{2.63\times 10^{24}}{6\times (6.022\times 10^{23})}=0.727[/tex] mole of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex].
Formula used :
[tex]\text{Mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3=\text{Moles of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3\times \text{Molar mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get
[tex]\text{Mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3=0.727mole\times 204g/mole=148.48g[/tex]
Therefore, the mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] is, 148.48 grams.
The mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ which contains 2.63 Χ 10²⁴ atoms of oxygen is 148.48 grams.
The mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (aluminum acetate) contains 2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms of oxygen, using the molar mass and stoichiometry.
The molar mass of elements are:
Al: 26.98 g/mol
C: 12.01 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass of acetate:
C: 2 × 12.01 g/mol = 24.02 g/mol
H: 3 × 1.01 g/mol = 3.03 g/mol
O: 2 × 16.00 g/mol = 32.00 g/mol
Total molar mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃:
Al: 26.98 g/mol
Acetate: 3 × (24.02 g/mol + 3.03 g/mol + 32.00 g/mol)
= 267.99 g/mol
Convert the given number of oxygen atoms to moles:
Number of oxygen atoms = 2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms
To convert to moles, we use Avogadro's number, which states that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10²³ particles.
Calculate the mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃:
Mass (g) = Number of moles × Molar mass
Substituting the values into the equation:
Mass = (Number of moles of oxygen atoms) × (Molar mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃
Mass = [(2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms) / (6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol)] × (267.99 g/mol)
= 148.48 grams
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what is matter and how does it work
matter is what occupies space and possesses rest mass.
Be sure to answer all parts. treatment of (hoch2ch2ch2ch2)2co with acid forms a product of molecular formula c9h16o2 and a molecule of water. draw the structures of the starting material, intermediate, and final product in the corresponding boxes below. part 1 out of 2 draw structure ... → draw structure ... → draw structure ... (hoch2ch2ch2ch2)2co intermediate final product
How is graphite different from other allotropes of carbon?
A. Graphite forms only from carbon atoms, without other atoms mixed in.
B. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged randomly, without a crystalline
structure.
C. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
D. The carbon atoms in graphite are packed extremely densely and tightly.
Answer:
C. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
Explanation:
Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element that exist is the same physical state. In other words, they differ in their bonding arrangement.
Carbon has two allotropes: diamond and graphite.
In diamond each C atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to 4 other C atoms forming a tetrahedral unit which extends into a crystalline network. In contrast, each C atom in graphite is sp2 hybridised and bonded to 3 other carbon atoms in a crystalline hexagonal layer like structure.
Thus, the carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.
Thallium-207 emits a beta particle
Several general characteristics of metabolic reactions or reaction pathways are listed below. sort them into the appropriate metabolic category. note: if you answer any part of this question incorrectly, a single red x will appear indicating that one or more of the statements is incorrectly placed.
Metabolism is all chemical reactions that occur in organisms, including those that occur at the cellular level.
Further ExplanationThe three main goals of metabolism are:
Converting food into energy to run cellular processes. Conversion of food / fuel into a constituent of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates. Nitrogen waste disposal. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme allows the organism to grow and multiply, maintain its structure, and respond to its environment.
In general, metabolism has two directional trajectories for organic chemical reactions:
catabolism, which is a reaction that breaks down molecules of organic compounds, such as the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate by cellular respiration;
anabolism, which is a reaction that assembles (synthesis) organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids from certain molecules.
Catabolism is a series of metabolic processes that break down large molecules, including breaking down and oxidizing food molecules. The purpose of catabolic reactions is to provide the energy and components needed by anabolic reactions in order to build molecules.
Anabolism is a metabolic pathway that arranges several simple organic compounds into chemical compounds or complex molecules. This process requires outside energy. The energy used in this reaction can be either light energy or chemical energy. The energy, then used to bind these simple compounds into more complex compounds. So, in this process the required energy is not lost, but stored in the form of chemical bonds in the complex compounds formed.
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Which of the pairs of compounds below could be used to prepare a buffer solution? hcl and nacl hc2h3o2 and kc2h3o2 nh3 and nh4no3?
Buffer solutions can be prepared by using a weak conjugate acid-base pair, such as HC2H3O2 and KC2H3O2 or NH3 and NH4NO3. HCl and NaCl are not an appropriate pair as HCl is a strong acid.
Explanation:A buffer solution is one that resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or base are added. This is achieved by using a weak conjugate acid-base pair. The pairs of compounds you've mentioned could be used to prepare a buffer solution are HC2H3O2 and KC2H3O2 and NH3 and NH4NO3.
HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) and KC2H3O2 (potassium acetate) are a pair consisting of a weak acid and its salt. Similarly, NH3 (ammonia) and NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) are a pair consisting of a weak base and its salt.
On the other hand, HCL and NaCl couldn't function as a buffer. Since HCl is a strong acid, it doesn't form a buffer with its salt as it doesn't form an appreciable amount of the weak conjugate base.
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if 0.3720 g of sulfur dioxide dissolves in 2.000 L of water 772.0 torr at what pressure would you be able to dissolve 0.4960 g in the same amount of water
1029
(0.3720/2.000)/772.0=(0.4960/2.000)/x
Polar solute dissolve in polar solvent and non polar solute dissolve in non polar solvent. Therefore, at 1029 torr, 0.4960 g of sulfur dioxide would dissolve in the same amount of water.
What is solubility?Solubility shows the extent of solubility of a solute in solvent to make a solution. Solute is substances that is present in small amount. solvent is a substance that is present in large amount. Its SI unit is gram per litre or g/L.
Bond strength affect the solubility of a solute in solvent. weaker the bond strength is, more the solubility is. The weaker bond can be easily broken by water molecule.
Using henry's law
C₁/T₁=C₂/P₂
C represents concentration and P represents pressure corresponding to the temperature.
(0.3720/2.000)/772.0=(0.4960/2.000)/x
X= 1029 torr
Therefore, at 1029 torr, 0.4960 g of sulfur dioxide would dissolve in the same amount of water.
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In caves, dripping groundwater containing calcium bicarbonate can form stalactites and stalagmites. When the water is exposed to air, some of the calcium bicarbonate turns into calcium carbonate, which gets deposited on the ground. What makes this process a chemical change?
Consider the redox reaction below. mc029-1.jpg Which statement correctly describes a half-reaction that is taking place? Hydrogen is oxidized from +1 to 0. Chlorine is reduced from –1 to 0. Aluminum is oxidized from 0 to +3. Hydrogen is reduced from 0 to –1.
Answer:
It's Aluminium
Explanation:
On Edge 2021
The "medium-sized" tides that occur across the entire Earth's surface during the Quarter Moon phases are called
Answer: Neap tides
Explanation:
High and low tides occur when the sun, the moon and the earth align in a straight line as the effect of gravity increases in this alignment. This happens during full moon or new moon. These are spring tides.
During quarter phases of moon, the sun, moon and the earth align like a right-angled triangle. The effect of gravity is less compared to the straight line alignment. Thus, medium-sized tides occur during these phases and are known as Neap tides. At this time, there is not much difference between high tides and low tides.
Express the equilibrium constant for the combustion of propane in the balanced chemical equation c3h8(g)+5o2(g)???3co2(g)+4h2o(g)
Answer:
combustion reaction
Explanation:
there is oxides in the equation c3h8(g)+5o2(g)3co2(g)+4h2o(g)
State one major difference between having a nitrogen atom in a ring structure and having an oxygen atom in that structure
How does a decrease in temperature affect the pressure of a contained gas
A decrease in the temperature of a contained gas leads to slower-moving particles, fewer collisions with the container walls, and thus a lower pressure, as explained by the kinetic theory of gases and Amontons's Law.
When considering the effects of a decrease in temperature on the pressure of a contained gas, assuming all other factors remain constant, according to Amontons's Law, the pressure of the gas will decrease. This happens because the gas molecules move more slowly as they cool down, which results in fewer collisions with the walls of the container. Decreased collisions equate to a reduction in pressure. Conversely, when the volume is decreased, the gas particles have less room to move around, resulting in more frequent collisions and thus an increase in pressure.
The kinetic theory of gases can explain this phenomenon. If the temperature falls, the gas particles lose energy and hit the container’s walls less forcefully and less often, leading to a drop in pressure. This is consistent with the kinetic theory, which states that pressure is a measure of the collisions of gas particles within the confines of their container.
A first-order reaction has a rate constant of 0.33 min-1. it takes __________ min for the reactant concentration to decrease from 0.13 m to 0.088 m
The time taken for a first-order reaction's reactant to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M can be calculated using the formula ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. By substituting the provided values into the formula and solving for t, we can get the precise duration.
Explanation:A first-order reaction relies on the concentration of only one reactant. The rate at which this reaction proceeds is directly proportional to this reactant's concentration. The reaction mentioned in this question has its rate constant (k) as 0.33 min-1.
One key formula used to quantify the reaction rate is ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. In this formula, [A]start and [A]finish represent the concentration of the reactant at the beginning and end of the period, and t represents the time taken for the reaction.
Substituting the given values into the formula gives us ln(0.13 / 0.088) = 0.33t. Solving this equation for t the time taken to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M.
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For h2o2(g), find the value of δh∘f. (use appendix c in the textbook.)
Answer : - 136.0 KJ/mol
Explanation : The complete question is attached below; assuming that the bond energies are given as per the question to find out the heat of formation of [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] we need to draw its lewis dot structure for this reaction;
[tex] H_{2}_{(g)} + O_{2}_{(g)} ----> H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex]
[tex] H_{2} [/tex] will have H-H bond and [tex] O_{2} [/tex] will have O=O with 2 pairs of lone electrons on each of O atom.....These are the bonds which are broken
In [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] has H-O-O-H bonds; Here, O atom again has 2 pairs of lone pairs on each O atom; ....These are bonds which are made
ΔH°f = ∑ {ΔH(bonds broken) - ΔH (bonds made)}
ΔH°f = ∑ { (432 + 494) - [(459 X 2) +142] }
On solving, We get,
ΔH°f = -136.0 KJ/mol
Hence, the heat of formation for [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] will be -136.0 KJ/mol