50 points

You have 6 moles of a substance.

Which statement is true?

You have the same number of particles as in 12 grams of carbon-12.

You have three times the number of particles that are in 12 grams of carbon-12.

You have six times the number of particles that are in 12 grams of carbon-12.

You have one-third the number of particles that are in 12 grams of carbon-12.

Answer:

Partial pressure O₂  = 1.78 atm

Explanation:

We can apply the mole fraction to solve the question:

Moles of gas / Total moles = Partial pressure of gas / Total pressure

Total moles = 1 H₂ + 2.5 He + 2O₂ = 4.5 moles

2 mol O₂ / 4.5 mol = Partial pressure O₂ / 4 atm

(2 mol O₂ / 4.5 mol ) . 4 atm = Partial pressure O₂  → 1.78 atm

Answer:

The partial pressure of oxygen is 1.45 atm

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Number of moles of hydrogen = 1 mol

Number of moles of helium = 2.5 mol

Number of moles of oxygen = 2 mol

Total pressure = 4 atm

Step 2: Calcualte total number of moles

Total number of moles = number of moles of hydrogen + number of moles of helium + number of moles of oxygen = 1 + 2.5 + 2 = 5.5 mol

Step 3: Calculate mol fraction of oxygen

Mol fraction oxygen = 2 mol / 5.5 mol = 0.3636

Step 4: Calculate partial pressure of oxygen

Partial pressure of oxygen = mol fraction of oxygen * total pressure

Partial pressure of oxygen = 0.3636 * 4 atm = 1.45 atm

The partial pressure of oxygen is 1.45 atm

Answer:

c) 35 fl oz

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, to compute the recommended amount of calcium that the teenager must drink, one performs the following relationship:

[tex]8.0-fl \ oz -->298mg\\x-->1,300mg[/tex]

Solving for [tex]x[/tex], one gets:

[tex]x=\frac{8.0-fl \ oz *1,300mg}{298mg} \\x=35-fl \ oz[/tex]

Best regards.

Final answer:

To meet the calcium RDA of 1,300 mg, a teenager would need to drink approximately 34.9 fl oz of reduced-fat milk, which is closest to 35 fl oz (answer option c). This calculation involves dividing the RDA by the amount of calcium per 8 fl oz of milk and multiplying the result by 8.

Explanation:

The question involves calculating the quantity of milk required for a teenager to meet their recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium. An 8.0 fl oz glass of reduced-fat milk contains 298 mg of calcium. To determine how many fluid ounces of milk are needed to get the entire recommended amount of calcium, one would divide the RDA of calcium for teenagers, which is 1,300 mg, by the amount of calcium in one glass of milk.

Here is the calculation: 1,300 mg (RDA for calcium) ÷ 298 mg (calcium per glass of milk) = 4.3624161.

Since we cannot have a fraction of a fluid ounce if we are considering actual glasses to be consumed, we round up to the nearest whole number, which would suggest a teenager needs to drink at least 5 glasses of milk. However, in terms of exact fluid ounces needed, it would be 4.3624161 × 8 fl oz = 34.9 fl oz, which is closest to answer option c)

Answer:

The final concentration of KCl is 4%

Explanation:

This is a solution with KCl and water.

12% it's a way of concentration that indicates, that in 100 mL of solution, we have 12 g of solute.

If we add 200 mL to this solution, we also have 12 g of solute but now, we have to calculate the new concentration.

New volume = 100 mL + 200 mL → 300 mL

Let's make a rule of three

In 300 mL we have 12 g of solute

In 100 mL we have    (100 .12) / 300 = 4

The new volume of the gas is 0.109 L.

To find the new volume of the gas, we can use the combined gas law formula:

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Where P1 is the initial pressure, V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature, P2 is the final pressure, V2 is the final volume, and T2 is the final temperature.

In this case, we are given:

P1 = 1.0 atm, V1 = 100.0 mL = 0.100 L, T1 = 25.0 ℃ = 298 K

P2 = 1.0 atm (since the pressure remains the same), T2 = 50.0 ℃ = 323 K

Substituting the values into the formula, we can solve for V2:

(1.0 atm)(0.100 L) / (298 K) = (1.0 atm)(V2) / (323 K)

Cross-multiplying and solving for V2, we find:

V2 = (1.0 atm)(0.100 L)(323 K) / (298 K) = 0.109 L

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Explanation:

In liquids, the molecules are held by less strong intermolecular forces of attraction as compared to solids. Due to which they are able to slide past each other. Hence, they have medium kinetic energy.

In gases, the molecules are held by weak Vander waal forces. Hence, they have high kinetic energy due to which they move rapidly from one place to another leading to more number of collisions.

So, when at 298 K and 1 atm [tex]Br_{2}[/tex] exists in liquid state and [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] exists as a gas then it means there occurs strong force of attraction between the molecules of [tex]Br_{2}[/tex] due to which it exists in liquid form.

Thus, we can conclude that at 298 K and 1 atm, bromine is a liquid with a high vapor pressure, whereas chlorine is a gas. This provides evidence that, under these conditions, the forces among [tex]Br_2[/tex] molecules are greater than those among [tex]Cl_2[/tex] molecules.

The statement that at 298K and 1 atm, bromine is a liquid with a high vapor pressure, whereas chlorine is a gas provides evidence that forces among Br2 molecules are greater than those among Cl2 molecules.

FORCE OF ATTRACTION:

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Answer:Se-2, Cl-1, Cs-1, P-1

Explanation:

Let us consider the groups the elements belong to

Se- group 16, ns2np4- two unpaired valence electrons

Cl- group 17, ns2np5- 1 unpaired electron

Cs-group 1, ns1- one unpaired electron

P-group 15- ns2np3- three unpaired valence electrons

Chlorine has 1 unpaired electron, selenium has 2, cesium has 0, and phosphorus has 3.

In chlorine, there is 1 unpaired electron.

In selenium, there are 2 unpaired electrons.

In cesium, there are 0 unpaired electrons.

In phosphorus, there are 3 unpaired electrons.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbons generally abbreviated as CFCs are a group of organic chemicals used in several household and industrial materials and are responsible for global warming and ozone depletion.

Global warming is the general increase in the atmospheric temperature of the earth continually over the years. It is a direct consequence of climate change which is caused by the continuous release of green house gases into the atmosphere which trap radiated heat from the sun.

Ozone depletion involves anthropogenic activities which lead to decreasing the natural spread of the ozone layer which prevents the direct contact between the sun UV radiation and the earth.

CFCs are implicated in both cases as they are responsible for the two I.e they cause global warming and also deplete the ozone layer. Years back they are basically used in most aerosol cans like perfumes spray, insecticide spray etc. However as a result of the increased knowledge of their dangers, there had been legislations which had cut down on their continuous usage with alternatives being used

The price of the bond if the interest rate falls to 8 percent is mathematically given as Dp=12.29%

Question Parameter(s):

The duration of a ten-year, 10 percent coupon bond when the interest rate is 10 percent is 6.76 years.

Generally, the equation for the  Price change is mathematically given as

Dp=Duration*change in interest/initial interest rate

Thereofore

Dp=-6.76*(-0.18)/1.1

Dp=12.29

In conclusion,the price of the bond

Dp=12.29%

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The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rate. If the interest rate decreases, the price of the bond increases. In this case, a drop in interest rates from 10 percent to 8 percent will cause the price of the bond to rise above its face value.

The price of a bond is inversely proportional to the interest rate. This means that if the interest rate falls, the price of the bond increases. The reason is that the fixed payments from the bond become more attractive compared to other investments with the now lower interest rate. Assuming that our bond does not have any features that would otherwise impact its valuation, and that it makes annual payments, a drop in interest rates from 10 percent to 8 percent would cause the price of the bond to rise above its face value. The exact amount would depend on the specific financial calculations involved in bond pricing.

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Answer:

η = 0.5686

Explanation:

Isentropic compressor efficiency (η):

* η = Isentropic compressor work / real compressor work = Ws / Wreal

∴ Wreal = 76 KW = 76 KJ/s

first law:

∴ Q = 0 ....adiabatic compressor

∴ ΔU = CvΔT

∴ W = - PδV

⇒ ΔU = W ,,,,,isentropic process adiabatic

⇒ CvΔT = - PδV

ideal gas:

⇒ (R + Cv / R) Ln(T2/T1) = Ln (P2/P1)

∴ Cv = 3/2 R....monoatomic ideal gas

∴ R = 8.314 E-3 KJ/K.mol

∴ P1 = 90 KPa

∴ P2 = 800 KPa

∴ T1 = 25 °C ≅ 298 K

∴ r He = 2 Kg/min

⇒ (5/2) Ln(T2/T1) = Ln(800/90) = 2.185

⇒ Ln (T2/T1) = 0.874

⇒ T2/T1 = e∧0.874 = 2.3963

⇒ T2 = (2.3963)(298 K) = 714.094 K

⇒ Ws = CvΔT = (3/2 R)(714.094 - 298 ) = 5.1891 KJ/mol

∴ Mw He = 4.0026 g/mol

⇒ Ws = ( 5.1891 KJ/mol)(mol / 4.0026 g)(1000 g/Kg)(2Kg/min)(min/60s)

⇒ Ws = 43.2144 KJ/s

⇒ η = 43.2144 KJ/s / 76 KJ/s = 0.5686

Answer:

The percent yield for this reaction was 45.98 %

Explanation:

Let's take a look to the reaction:

CH₄(g)  + 2H₂S (g) → CS₂ (g)  +  4H₂ (g)

We can not apply the limiting reactant's concept, as we don't have any information of H₂S. So let's work only with methane.

To know the moles we must do mass / molar mass

32 g / 16 g/m = 2 moles

Ratio is 1:1, so 2 moles of methane produce 2 moles of disulfide.

Molar mass of CS₂ = 76.12 g/m

Moles . molar mass = 2 m . 76.12 g/m = 152.24 g

This are the moles of gas, with the 100 % yield reaction, we only made 70 g so let's find out the yield percent, by a rule of three.

152.24 g ____ 100 %

70 g _____ (70 . 100) / 45.98 %

The percent yield for the reaction was 46.07%.

The question involves a chemical reaction where methane reacts with hydrogen sulfide to produce carbon disulfide and hydrogen gas. To calculate the percent yield, we first need to determine the theoretical yield of carbon disulfide from the given mass of methane. Using molar mass and stoichiometry from the balanced chemical equation, we find the mass of carbon disulfide that should be produced theoretically. The percent yield is then calculated by dividing the actual yield (in this case, 70.0 g of carbon disulfide) by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100.

First, calculate moles of methane using its molar mass (16.04 g/mol), which equals 32.0 g / 16.04 g/mol = 1.995 moles. According to the chemical equation, one mole of methane produces one mole of carbon disulfide. Therefore, the theoretical yield of carbon disulfide would also be 1.995 moles. The molar mass of carbon disulfide (CS₂) is 76.14 g/mol. Thus, the theoretical yield in grams is 1.995 moles × 76.14 g/mol = 151.91 g.

To find the percent yield, divide the actual yield (70.0 g) by the theoretical yield (151.91 g) and multiply by 100. This gives a percent yield of (70.0 g / 151.91 g) × 100 = 46.07%.

Answer: Ethanol

Explanation: When we consume alcohol (ethanol), the ethanol has a wide range of effects on the body and it also metabolize in the liver producing acetaldehyde which is believed to be a main cause of hangover

Congeners, which are toxic chemical by-products formed during the production of alcohol, contribute to hangover symptoms. High levels of congeners can exacerbate the depressant effects of alcohol and lead to severe hangover symptoms.

The compounds in alcohol that contribute to hangover symptoms are called congeners. These are toxic chemical by-products that are formed in small amounts when alcohol, specifically ethanol, is produced. Drinks with high quantities of congeners, such as red wine, whiskey, and tequila, are associated with more severe hangover symptoms. Congeners are thought to exacerbate the effects of the more commonly known depressant effects of alcohol, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, headache, nausea, and dizziness.

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Answer:

The correct answer is "The hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water".

Explanation:

The missing options of this question are:

a. The hydrophobic tails will point toward the water, and the hydrophilic heads will point away from the water.

b. The hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water.

c. Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails will both point toward the water.

d. The hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads will be arranged randomly.

The correct answer is option b. Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. This characteristic makes them the main component of cell's membrane where the hydrophilic tails point outside and inside the cell, and the hydrophobic tails point within the membrane. If phospholipids are found as a sphere in a glass of water, the hydrophilic heads will point toward the water, and the hydrophobic tails will point away from the water. This is the most stable structure, therefore, this will be the arrangement of the phospholipids.

Answer : The reagent present in excess and remains unreacted is, [tex]O_2[/tex]

Solution : Given,

Moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] = 3.00 mole

Moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 2.00 mole

Excess reagent : It is defined as the reactants not completely used up in the reaction.

Limiting reagent : It is defined as the reactants completely used up in the reaction.

Now we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2FeCl_3(s)+O_2(g)\rightarrow 2FeO(s)+3Cl_2(g)[/tex]

From the balanced reaction we conclude that

As, 2 moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] react with 1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex]

So, 3.00 moles of [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] react with [tex]\frac{3.00}{2}=1.5[/tex] moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]

From this we conclude that, [tex]O_2[/tex] is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and [tex]FeCl_3[/tex] is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.

Hence, the reagent present in excess and remains unreacted is, [tex]O_2[/tex]

Answer: 75g of Carbon and 25g of Hydrogen

Explanation: the ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 12:4

Total ratio = 16

Mass of carbon in the natural gas

= (12/16) x 100 = 75g

Mass of Hydrogen in the natural gas = (4/16) x 100 = 25g

Mendeleev organized the periodic table based on atomic mass and chemical properties, deviating from mass order to group chemically similar elements, which allowed him to predict undiscovered elements.

Dmitri Mendeleev did not order the periodic table by equal rows and columns because, during his arrangement of the elements based on their atomic mass, he discovered that placing elements strictly by mass did not result in a table where elements with similar chemical properties were grouped together. Instead, he noticed a pattern of periodicity, where elements showed repeating properties at certain intervals. To maintain this periodicity and to properly organize elements into groups of similar chemical behaviors, he deviated from strict mass order.

For example, he placed iodine after tellurium despite it being lighter, to align it with chemically similar elements. This arrangement also allowed Mendeleev to predict the existence and properties of elements that were undiscovered at the time, based on the gaps and trends in his table. The columns of Mendeleev's periodic table represent groups and the rows represent periods, each row being more massive than the one above it.

Answer:

False. The balance equation for the redox reaction is:

2Fe  + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃

Explanation:

Let's think the half reactions:

Fe → Fe³⁺  +  3e⁻

The Fe increase the oxidation state. This is the oxidation, where Fe changes from 0 to +3

Cu²⁺  + 2e⁻ → Cu

This is the reduction. Cu changes from 2+ to 0

We multiply the half reaction x2 and x3 to balance the electrons

2Fe → 2Fe³⁺  +  6e⁻

3Cu²⁺  + 3e⁻ → 3Cu

And we sum both

2Fe  + 3Cu²⁺  + 6e⁻ → 3Cu + 2Fe³⁺  +  6e⁻

The electrons are cancelled, so the balance reaction is:

2Fe  + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃

The given equation is not balanced for a redox reaction. The statement is false.

Balanced the reaction:

Fe + CuSO₄ → Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃

A redox reaction, also known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between species.

In a redox reaction, one species undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) while another species undergoes reduction (gains electrons).

The oxidation states of the elements involved are:

Fe: 0 → +3

Cu: +2 → 0

S: +6 → +6

O: -2 → -2

Balance the equation by assigning coefficients to the compounds:

Fe + 3CuSO₄ → 3Cu + Fe₂(SO₄)₃

The balanced equation shows the conservation of mass and charge on both sides of the reaction.

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Answer:C. Penicious anaemia

Explanation: Penicious anaemia is a disease caused by the bodies inability to make enough vitamin B-12 required to produce healthy red blood cells,it is a very rear disease with a 0.1% prevalence in the population,it has a higher of approximately 2% prevalence among the older members of the population especially those above 60years old according to a 2012 medicine study.

The symptoms of this disease include weight loss, memory loss,loss of appetite,heart burn etc

It can be treated with vitamin B-12 drugs or injections,it can be prevented by taking enough foods like Meats, shellfish,eggs, poultry products and vitamin B-12 supplements.

Moisture, rising unstable air, and a lifting mechanism etc.  are the main features of severe thunderstorm. Hence, option a is correct.

Thunderstorm is resulting from the collision of clouds accompanied with an electric current producing the lightning. Severe thunderstorms produce convective instability .

It brings about a significant negative buoyancy in conjunction with thunderstorm downdrafts. Intense evaporation, negative buoyancy, and a powerful downdraft are produced as the dry air entrains with the cloud's wet air.

Hail that is falling undergoes less melting because to evaporative cooling. Severe thunderstorms also causes tilting of storms, displaces updraft from downdraft; Creates a vacuum affect at the top of storms; helps sustains the intensity and verticality of the updraft.

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Final answer:

Severe thunderstorms require moisture, rising unstable air (updrafts), and a lifting mechanism. These storms form in conditions of atmospheric instability, often involving lifting caused by convection, orographic uplift, or encounters between different air masses such as cold fronts and warm fronts.

Explanation:

Severe thunderstorms are complex weather systems that require specific atmospheric conditions to form. Based on the information provided, the elements that severe thunderstorms have with them include moisture, rising unstable air, and a lifting mechanism. Rising unstable air, also known as updrafts, is a crucial component for the development of thunderstorms. This unstable air rises and cools, leading to water vapor condensing into clouds. The process of condensation releases latent heat, which further fuels the updrafts, causing the thunderstorms to intensify.

Different lifting mechanisms can lead to the formation of thunderstorms, including convection, orographic uplift, and weather fronts such as cold fronts and warm fronts, where air masses of different temperatures collide, forcing the warmer air to rise. This process leads to atmospheric instability, which is a critical condition for thunderstorm formation.

Answer: Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepineprine (noradrenaline) are hormones released during the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

The major physiologic triggers of epinephrine and norepinephrine release are stresses, such as physical threat, excitement, noise, bright lights, and high or low ambient temperature.

Explanation:

The nervous system can be divided into two functional parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles (voluntary actions). The autonomic nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue (involuntary actions). The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division.

Adrenaline/epinephrine is released in response to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It increases heart rate and heart contractility, constricts blood vessels, is a bronchodilator that dilates the bronchi of the lungs to increase air volume in the lungs, and stimulates gluconeogenesis.

The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger (fight-or-flight response).

Answer : The correct option is, (3) change states of matter.

Explanation :

Latent heat : It is defined as the heat required to convert the solid into liquid or vapor and a liquid into a vapor without changing the temperature.

There are two types of latent heat.

(1) Latent heat of fusion

(2) Latent heat of vaporization

Latent heat of fusion : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the solid converted to liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point.

Latent heat of vaporization : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the liquid converted to vapor at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.

Hence, latent heat is used to change states of matter.

Latent heat refers to the energy absorbed or released during phase changes in substances without affecting temperature. It plays a crucial part in transforming the phase of the matter from solid, liquid to gas, and vice versa by breaking and forming bonds between particles.

Latent heat refers to the energy entered or left in a system during a phase change, without causing a change in the system's temperature. Different substances undergo phase changes at fixed temperatures, commonly known as boiling and freezing points. During these phase changes, heat is either absorbed or released without affecting the temperature of the substance itself.

The three common phases of matter include solid, liquid, and gas. The process of transitioning from one phase to another is principally guided by the latent heat. For example, latent heat is absorbed during the processes of melting (solid to liquid) and vaporization (liquid to gas). On the contrary, it is released during freezing (liquid to solid) and condensation (gas to liquid). It's also noteworthy that the amount of latent heat involved during phase changes is primarily conditioned by the substance's molecular forces.

Correspondingly, latent heat is involved in breaking and forming the bonds between particles during phase changes. When a solid is melted, for example, energy is employed to break the bonds between the solid's particles, with no temperature change until the phase change is completed.

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Answer:

0

Explanation:

There are no unpaired electrons in the given element. It must be noted that for the atom above, we have even numbered electrons. The total electron we are having here is 18.

Now, we must also know that while the s orbital is not degenerate, the P orbital is degenerate. What this mean is that the p orbital is broken down into three different sub orbitals which is the Px , Py and Pz. Hence we can see that there are 6 electrons to enter into the P orbital too.

We can see that all the S orbitals have been completely filled with two electrons alike each. This is also the case for the P orbital as the 3 suborbitals take in 2 each to give a total of six

The number of unpaired electrons in the atom represented by the electron configuration - 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ is zero.

Electronic configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons within the atomic orbitals of an atom. It provides a description of how electrons are distributed among the various energy levels and sublevels within an atom.

The electronic configuration is typically represented using a notation that indicates the principal energy level (n) and the sublevel (s, p, d, f) in which the electrons are located. Each sublevel can hold a specific number of electrons: s sublevel holds 2 electrons, p sublevel holds 6 electrons, d sublevel holds 10 electrons, and f sublevel holds 14 electrons.

To determine the number of unpaired electrons, we need to examine the electron configuration in terms of its orbital filling. In this case, all the orbitals up to the 3p sublevel are completely filled with electrons. Neon is an example of a noble gas with a full valence shell, making it stable and unreactive.

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To determine the number of grams of H2 formed when 4.52 moles of Na reacts with an excess of water, use the balanced chemical equation and the molar mass of H2.

To determine the number of grams of H2 formed when 4.52 moles of Na reacts with an excess of water, we first need to balance the chemical equation. The balanced equation for the reaction between Na and water is:
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of Na that react, 1 mole of H2 is formed. Therefore, if 4.52 moles of Na react, we expect to produce half that amount of moles of H2.

Number of moles of H2 = (4.52 moles of Na) / 2 = 2.26 moles of H2

To convert the moles of H2 to grams, we need to use the molar mass of H2, which is 2 g/mol.

Mass of H2 = (2.26 moles of H2) * (2 g/mol) = 4.52 grams of H2

Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Atomic number of sodium is 11 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}[/tex]. When sodium loses one electron then it will attain +1 charge and its electronic configuration will be as follows.

[tex]Na^{+}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]

Atomic number of fluorine is 9 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}[/tex]. When fluorine gains an electron then it acquires -1 charge and its electronic configuration is as follows.

[tex]F^{-}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]

Atomic number of aluminium is 13 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}[/tex]. When aluminium loses its valence electrons then it acquires +3 charge and its electronic configuration is as follows.

[tex]Al^{3+}[/tex] : [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the listing for aluminum is correct.

Final answer:

The correct listing according to the electron structures of atoms and ions is for aluminum, which has an atomic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¹ and as an ion it has a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +3.

Explanation:

The student has asked to identify the correct listing of electron structure of an atom and the resulting ion, as well as the net ion charge for sodium, fluorine, and aluminum. In the case of sodium (Na), the atom has an electronic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s¹ and the sodium ion will have a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +1 after losing one valence electron. For fluorine, the atom has a structure of 1s²2s²2p¶4 and as a fluoride ion, it gains one electron to complete its valence shell, resulting in 1s²2s²2p¶ and a -1 charge. Lastly, aluminum (Al) has an electronic structure of 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¹. When it forms an ion, it loses three electrons becoming 1s²2s²2p¶ with a net charge of +3. Based on this information, choice c, the listing for aluminum is correct.

Answer:

Number of moles of LiF produced by F₂ are less so it will limiting reactant.

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of lithium = 1.1 g

Mass of F₂ = 1.8 g

Limiting reactant = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2Li + F₂ → 2LiF

Number of moles of Li:

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 1.1 g / 6.94 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.2 mol

Number of moles of F₂:

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 1.8 g / 38 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.05 mol

Now we will compare the moles of Li and F₂ with LiF.

                      Li                :               LiF

                       2                :                 2

                     0.2               :               0.2

                      F₂                :              LiF

                       1                  :               2

                      0.05             :           2×0.05 = 0.1 mol

Number of moles of LiF produced by F₂ are less so it will limiting reactant.

Answer:

0.0400 g for the example given below.

Explanation:

pH value is not provided, so we'll solve this problem in a general case and then we will use an example to justify it.

Now, let's say that pH is given as 12.00 and we use a 100-ml volumetric flask. Then we would obtain:

[tex]m_{NaOH} = 10^{12.00 - 14.00}\cdot 39.997 g/mol\cdot 0.100 L = 0.0400 g[/tex]

The mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out depends on the volume of the solution.

To calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step, we can use the equation:

Mass NaOH = Molarity x Volume x Molar mass

From the given information, the chemist wants to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 14, which corresponds to a concentration of 1.0 M. The volume of the solution is not provided, so we cannot calculate the exact mass of sodium hydroxide. We need this volume information to proceed with the calculation.

Answer:

Scopolamine.

Explanation:

Scopolamine is also known as hyoscine. It is an anticholinergic, oral topical drug which is used to manage, and prevent motion sickness, and acute treatment. It is must be taken to be effective before the onset of motion sickness.

The scopolamine is helps to prevent communication between the vomiting center which is present in the brain, and the nerve of the vestibule by blocking the action of acetylcholine (it is a chemical which nervous used to transmit massage to each other).

Answer:

[tex]M=147.014 g/mol[/tex]

Explanation:

The atomic weights of the elements:

Ca=40.078 g/mol

Cl=35.453 g/mol

H=1.008 g/mol

O=15.999 g/mol

The calcium chloride dihydrate:

[tex]M=(40.078+35.453*2+2*2*1.008+2*15.999)g/mol[/tex]

[tex]M=147.014 g/mol[/tex]

Answer:  The quantity of heat produced by the reaction is +26710.656J

Explanation:

Quantity of Heat, Q = mass * specific heat capacity *temperature change

Q = mCpTc, where m= mass, Cp= specific heat capacity, Tc is temperature change

m= 210.0g, Cp=4.184J/(g · oC), Tc= 57.6 - 27.2 = 30.4 oC

Q = 210.0g *4.184J/(g · oC) * 30.4 oC

Q = +26710.656J

Therefore, the quantity of heat produced by the reaction is +26710.656J.

Note: Even though heat is given out by the system and is normally written as a negative value to indicate that heat is lost, the answer is written as a positive decimal number according to instruction.

Answer:

High concentration of glutathione should be included in the elution buffer for the given experiment to remove protein from the column.

Explanation:

Affinity chromatography is one of important biochemical technique of chromatography which depends on the affinity of ligand for the receptor.Here the ligand is a protein mixture which act as mobile phase and the receptor is present in the wall of chromatography column act as stationary phase.When the protein mixture is applied on the top of the column the substances present within the protein that have high affinity for the receptor present in the walls of chromatography column binds to the later but rest of the protein pass away through the column.High concentration of ligand is used within an buffer solution to remove the desired protein from the column.

    From this point of view it can be stated that in the given question high concentration of glutathione should be used to remove the desired protein from the column.

Answer: The value of [tex]x_1,x_2,x3\text{ and }x_4[/tex] are 2, 3, 12 and 6 respectively.

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form. This also means that total number of individual atoms on reactant side must be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.  

A balanced chemical equation always follow this law.

For the given chemical reaction, the balanced equation follows:

[tex]2C_6H_6+3O_2\rightarrow 12C+6H_2O[/tex]

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

2 moles of benzene reacts with 3 mole of oxygen gas to produce 12 moles of carbon and 6 moles of water

From the above reaction:

[tex]x_1=2\\x_2=3\\x_3=12\\x_4=6[/tex]

Hence, the value of [tex]x_1,x_2,x3\text{ and }x_4[/tex] are 2, 3, 12 and 6 respectively.

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of benzene is 2C6H6 + 15O2 → 12CO2 + 6H2O, which means x1=2, x2=15, x3=12, and x4=6.

The complete combustion of benzene (C6H6) forms carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). To balance the chemical equation for this reaction, each atom on the reactant side must be equal to the total number of the same atom on the product side. The chemical equation for the combustion of benzene is:

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 12CO2 + 6H2O

Here, x1 is 2, x2 is 15, x3 is 12, and x4 is 6. Hence, the balanced chemical equation is 2 moles of benzene reacting with 15 moles of oxygen to produce 12 moles of carbon and 6 moles of water.