7. The diversification of the ratite birds (ostriches, emus, rheas, etc.) is thought to have occurred when the supercontinent of Gondwana broke into separate continents (South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, etc.) about 100 million years ago. Why does the South American rhea have many genetic differences from the Australian emu?

Patti is using a naturalistic observation approach to study preschool children by watching them play while attempting to be unnoticed to maintain natural behavior patterns.

Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by observing them at a local daycare center without being noticed, indicating that she is using a naturalistic observation approach. This method involves observing behavior in its natural setting, as developmental psychologists do when they want to understand how children behave in environments like playgrounds, daycare centers, or homes. It offers a view of children's natural behaviors, with researchers having minimal control over the behaviors displayed.

Moreover, Patti's efforts to remain completely unnoticed by minimizing her presence and impact on the environment align with the principles of naturalistic observation, which aim to observe behavior without altering it. This contrasts with structured observation, where subjects are observed while engaging in specific tasks in a controlled environment.

Answer:

The study is flawed because the researcher did not include a control group.

Explanation:

The control group is a necesary element in experimental science, it is the standard to which the researcher can compare the analysis and draw conclusions. A control group has the same characteristics as the experimental group, but it is not subject to treatment or manipulation of variables like the experimental group is. This way, the researcher can assess the differences in the dependent variable between both groups.

In this case, the researcher asigned all of her students the same amount of homework, when she measures the extra stress that it causes she will not be able to relate the extra homework with the stress. If she had a control group to which she asigned less homework, and measured the stress in both groups, she can observe how much more stressed the students in the experimental group are and relate it to the extra homework they received.

Answer:

Contradictory

Explanation:

Both women would see Donald as a different type of person.

Olga would think that he took up skydiving because he a very confident man who values his independence. To take up such a dangerous sport requires quite a bit of courage and determination, values that are often admired in people.

Tiffany would think that Donald took up skydiving just to show up. She read that he is an irresponsible and stubborn man, such people often do things on a whim or in order to spite others. She would think that skydiving was another fancy of his  and that he would probably not stick to practicing it for a long time.

Answer:  I guess from what I can see Donald is an odd person.

Explanation: Because of Ronald or Donald whatever his name is. He is just taking up space in your head and you do not need to know this silly information.

Answer:

The correct answer to the question: Which of the following is NOT characteristic of adolescence, would be, B: Preconventional level of moral development.

Explanation:

Lawrence Kholberg, as Jean Piaget, developed a theory on moral development and described how peope go through three major stages of development on the ethical and moral aspect of their lives. The three stages described by him, in his theory, which took from Piaget´s own theories, and built up on them, but later on came out with something different, are: the preconventional stage, divided into the obedience and punishment sub-stage and self-interest, the conventional stage and the post-conventional stage, both also subdivided into sub-stages. However, the one stage that does not belong to adolescents, but rather to childhood, is the preconventional stage of moral development. It is the conventional stage that initiates during adolescence.

The characteristic not associated with adolescence is the Preconventional level of moral development, as adolescence is marked by more advanced stages of moral reasoning.

During adolescence, individuals typically experience a growth spurt, transition through the identity versus confusion stage according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and enter the formal operational stage of cognitive development, as described by Piaget. However, the preconventional level of moral development, which is characterized by making judgments based solely on one's own needs and perceptions, is prevalent earlier in development, during childhood. Adolescents are more likely to be in the conventional or postconventional stages of moral development, where their reasoning takes into account societal rules and ethical principles.

Perfection Standards, Practical Standards are easily achieved by workers. Result in both favorable and unfavorable variances Thus, option D is correct.

The best standards are those that are established under ideal working practices or without taking into consideration any potential inefficiency or waste.

Practical standards were those that were established under the assumption of typical work practices while taking into account anticipated wastes/reasonable working efficiency.

As there are some factors that are affected by the way the workers are performing in these industries. This develops the idea of some unfavorable conditions that are encountered as well as the Perfection Standards and Practical Standards

Therefore, option D is the correct option.

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Answer:

b. Sue explained Ralph’s failure in terms of his incompetence and laziness.

Explanation:

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency of human beings by which they explain other's behavior based on the grounds of the internal factors. The internal factors are focused primarily on personality and disposition. It is the tendency which explains that the actions done by the people are the reflection of their inner self.

Answer:

The Articles of Confederation created a system in which governmental power was greatly decentralized. - b.

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. View deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are.

Explanation:

In sociology, the word "deviance" refers to the violation of social norms through certain behavior or actions that go against the norms or rules previously established in a society. Additionally, his element has been widely analyzed from multiple theoretical perspective including the functionalist theory that state deviance is necessary to guarantee the preservation of social stability especially as those individuals that violate social norms usually receive sanction that clarifies the norms of society and in this way social stability is preserved as behavior and actions that go against the norms (deviance) are punishes. Therefore, Functionalist theories of deviance view deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are.

Functionalist theories of deviance view deviance as necessary to clarify societal norms and challenge existing views. Punishment of deviance reinforces norms and reminds people of the consequences.

Functionalist theories of deviance view deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are. They believe that by punishing deviance, it reinforces the existing norms and reminds people of the consequences of violating them. Deviance can also challenge society's current views and bring attention to issues of injustice.

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Answer:    B. It meant there was enough time for evolution to have occurred slowly

Explanation:  Contrary to the theory of creationism, according to which everything is created in the beginning as it is created and the characteristics of animals, plants and humans are the same from the beginning, Darwin's theory of evolution speaks of the gradual development of the qualities necessary for survival. Thus, according to the theory of creationism, the Earth is not very old, at least not as much as was necessary to justify Darwin's evolution. The changes described by Darwin take millions of years, so the theory that the Earth is very old is quite in favour.

Answer:

The correct answer to fill in the blank in the question: Lynnea believes in the ____ theoery of intelligence, the answer would be: the incremental theory of intelligence.

Explanation:

Both the Incremental, and the Entity theories of perceived intelligence were born from the research carried out by Carol Dweck and her collagues in 1985. In this research, experts found that intelligence can come from what a person perceives are her, or his, abilities, and thus, his/her capacities to confront a situation. In the case of Lynnea, given that she does not necessarily perceive herself as an overachievier, or a genius, but rather, understands that all she needs is hard work, and more studying, then she is applying the theory of incremental intelligence, which means, she builds and achieves her goals with hard work and step-by-step.

Answer:

The correct answer would be, Executive Stage.

Explanation:

There are many stages during the period of adulthood when people develop they perspectives about certain things. These stages may include the executive stage, acquisitive stage, responsible stage and reintegrative stage. So according to the developmental psychologist, K. Warner Schaie, the period in the middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, is called as the Executive stage. This stage includes focusing more on concerns about the world. Broader perspectives are developed by people in the executive stage of middle adulthood.

The developmental stage in middle adulthood when individuals take a broader perspective, including focusing more on concerns about the world, is called the executive stage. Successfully navigating this stage leads to a feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction, embodied in the concept of 'generativity'. The stage following the executive stage is known as late adulthood.

According to K. Warner Schaie, a developmental psychologist, the period in middle adulthood where people take a broader perspective of the world is called the executive stage. This stage typically occurs as individuals reach their 40's until their mid-60's. During this period, most people become leaders in their jobs or communities, and work to establish and guide the next generation, a concept also known as generativity.

Those who are successful in achieving this are believed to feel a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction, whereas those who fail to achieve generativity might feel stagnant, having little connection with others and little interest in productivity and self-improvement.

The period following the executive stage of development is late adulthood, where Erikson's psychosocial task is called integrity versus despair.

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Answer:

Daniel was arrested for stealing government documents and he responded by saying that “Yes, I did steal the documents, and I am willing to go to jail for it. These documents prove that the government was engaging in a cover-up and I think the public has a right to know about such unethical actions.” Lawrence Kohlberg would classify Daniel as using postconvential morality in this situation.

Lawrence Kohlberg would classify Daniel as using postconvential morality in this situation.

Fundamental Attribution Error is the correct answer.

In Psychology, Fundamental Attribution Error, also known as correspondence bias, is a concept people use to describe the individual's tendency to explain other people's conduct by attributing a cause to such behaviors. In order to do so, we tend to give explanations based on internal factors (personality and disposition) rather than external situational influences.  

Final answer:

The response delves into the dynamics of communication in relationships, focusing on constructive vs. destructive disagreements and the effects of unresolved issues, using the example of Mike and Amanda's differing perspectives.

Explanation:

Communication dynamics in relationships:

This situation between Mike and Amanda highlights the complexity of marital conflicts and differences in perception regarding in-law relationships. Mike's perspective showcases how individuals interpret and rationalize disagreements based on relationships and their dynamics.

Constructive vs. destructive disagreements:

The distinction between constructive and destructive arguments is crucial in understanding how conflicts influence relationships. Effective conflict resolution techniques and communication strategies play a significant role in maintaining healthy relationships.

Effects of unresolved issues in arguments:

Unresolved issues from the past can shape present disagreements, emphasizing the importance of addressing underlying causes to prevent recurring conflicts and enhance relationship dynamics.

Antagonistic control involves opposing actions to maintain balance in biological systems, as seen in muscle functions and drug interactions, as well as in ecological pest management through biocontrol methods.

Antagonistic control is a term used to describe how certain aspects of the body are regulated with opposing effects to maintain homeostasis or to fine-tune the body's responses. In physiology, one common example of antagonistic control is observed in muscle function where a muscle that performs the opposite action of the prime mover is known as the antagonist. Antagonists help in maintaining body or limb position, such as standing erect or holding an arm out, and they also control rapid movements, such as in the precision required for shadow boxing without making actual contact.

In pharmacology, antagonists are drugs or substances that decrease the activity of neurotransmitters by either blocking their receptors or interfering with their synthesis, preventing the neurotransmitters from binding to their receptors. This concept also extends to antagonistic drug interactions, where one drug reduces the efficacy or increases the toxicity of another drug. An example of this is the interaction between antimicrobials and antacids which can lead to a decreased absorption of the antimicrobial, thereby reducing its effectiveness in treating infections.

In a broader ecological context, biological control (biocontrol) is a method of pest management that involves the use of natural predators or diseases to reduce the population of pests. Biocontrol strategies can include introducing species like ladybugs to control aphids or using bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis to manage mosquito populations, exemplifying nature's own antagonistic processes.

These forms of control often work as part of negative feedback loops, where a change in a system triggers a response that counteracts that change, bringing the system back towards a state of equilibrium.

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Answer:

Absent grief

Explanation:

Missing grief is a form of grief in which the affected person blocks their feelings. It intends to act as if nothing has happened and becomes completely airtight to the subject. In fact, if you mention it, it doesn't give you a different weight than you would on any other subject. This is what is happening to Melina.

In this case what happens is a negation mechanism. The impact is so strong that one does not feel able to cope with it. So it focuses on other aspects of life. The problem is that hidden pain always returns, whether in the form of irritability, anxiety or physical illness, among other things.

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

The unemployment insurance program is fund by taxes charge to the employers by both, the Federal and State government.

This type of insurance program is pointed to those people who had lost their jobs and are actively looking for another work. These people could receive up to to 26 weeks of cash benefits a year.

I hope this answer helps you.

Answer:

d) continues throughout life.

Explanation:

Political socialization occurs all life long as a process when people acquire ideas and values.  This initially happens in the family, then educational endeavours could be later, but also social groups have influence. Together with mass media pressing on, and other forms of propaganda then political socialization is increased.

There are other reasons why it continues lifelong, the laws, religion, sex and gender form or are embraced in political ideals.

The geography, race are also often factors that will affect the process.

The change in values is more often than tought if we consider how non static some variables are.

Answer:

Hyperthymesia

Explanation:

It is likely that Martin exhibits a condition known as hyperthymesia. Hyperthymesia is a condition in which a person possesses an extremely superior autobiographical memory. This means that the person can remember, in extraordinary detail, the events that have occurred in his own life. This recollection is done in an automatic way, with no conscious effort. Individuals who exhibit this condition are usually very skilled at remembering dates as well.

Since the Reconstruction Act was signed in 1867 the government tried to implement a series of attempts to uplift not only southern African Americans but all of them in the US.

First, the most famous attempt was the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution that prohibited the government from states and the federal government to deny a citizen the right to vote, this was the first time African Americans were able to be represented in politics.

The Freedmen’s Bureau was also implemented, it was a government bureau that aimed to help freedmen and white refugees that came to the US. It provided food, clothing and advised people on working contracts for example.

But unfortunately, those policies were not successful. When President Johnson came to power he had different views than Lincoln, he pardoned many Confederate leaders and he did include black in the government as he should.

His policy opened the way for the creation of the Black Codes, that were a series of laws passed by the Southern States. This codes aimed to seize the liberty of ex-slaves by removing their voting rights, rights of property, working rights, lowered their wages, etc. These codes were up until the 1960s.

Answer:

The answer to the questions: According to research, what are people´s general thoughts on family in the United States, How do they view non-traditional family structures? And, How do you think these views might change in twenty years?, are pretty complext.

In the first case, research as of 2010 and later, shows that although most Americans still consider that a family is defined as a group of people who share a relation, be it through marriage, blood, or adoption, and who mostly cohabit, and who are grouped as: husband, wife and children, mostly, these views have been changing. The key factor now seems to be whether a couple has children or not, and the kind of committment that exists between them. But Americans seem to still favor, as much as 98% of those surveyed, the traditional concept of family. They are slowly accepting the existence of homosexual families, and single-parent families, but these are not as accepted as it would be thought for a country that predicates on equality.

On the second question, research also shows that Americans are slowly, but surely, comming to accept the presence of nontraditional family structures, even if they do not necessarily have changed their view on what a family should be like. According to statistical data, at least above 50% of Americans already accept the existence of homosexual families, homosexual couples without children, single-parent family groups and composite family groups.

I believe that the change from here to 20 years will be significant, as people become more open to the fact that things will not go back to the way they used to be. The advance of LGBT lobbying for equal rights and recognition, and the dissolution of so many traditional views, things will change even further from what they were 50, or a 100, years ago.

In the United States, views on family are evolving. Traditional nuclear families are still recognized as families by most people, but there is growing acceptance of non-traditional structures like single parents, same-sex parents, and cohabiting parents. Family remains significant to a major part of the population, and as societal norms and views continue to change, understanding of what constitutes a family is likely to become more inclusive.

In the United States, people's views on the concept of family and marriage are evolving. Historically, the traditional nuclear family structure, involving a husband, wife, and their children, was considered the norm. According to a 2010 survey, almost all participants agreed on a husband, wife, and children representing a family (99.8%). Non-traditional structures like unmarried couples with children (83%), unmarried couples without children (39.6%), and gay male couples with children (64%) were also recognised, albeit at lower rates.

With changes in societal norms, there has been an increase in the diversity of family structures, including single parenthood, same-sex parents, and cohabiting parents.

However, the importance of family remains intact. A large chunk of the U.S. population (76%) indicated family as 'the most important' element of their life in a Pew Research Center survey. Despite changes in the definition of family, emotional closeness and support continue to be vital.

Today, only 66% of children under seventeen years old live in a household with two married parents, a decrease from 77% in 1980. Though most children still reside in these traditional opposite-sex, two-parent, married households, it is no longer seen as the only type of nuclear family.

Looking ahead, it is anticipated that people's views on family will continually evolve over time. As societal norms change and adapt, our recognition of what constitutes a family will likely become more expansive and inclusive.

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Answer:c. The red color of a male bird, which demonstrates that he has good genes

The traits which are the result of the s exual selection are the red color of a male bird, which demonstrates that he has good genes, the horns of a male beetle, used during battles with other males, higher survival of a male, increasing its chances of mating with a female, the large testes of a gorilla, useful for sperm competition, infanticide, killing the offspring of another male from the same species, and the feather color of a female peacock.

"S exual selection can be defined as a type of natural selection in which members of one biological s ex select their partners from the opposite s ex to reproduce, and compete with the members of the same s ex to be available to the members of the opposite s ex."

"A gene is a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product, either RNA or protein. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA."

"Infanticide was a widespread practice throughout human history that was mainly used to dispose of unwanted children."

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Answer: A)  females score higher on tests of verbal ability than males

Explanation:

 As, females score higher on tests than verbal ability as compared to men. According to the research females has higher or better memory than males and performed good memory measure in terms of fluency, accuracy and speed in logical and the mathematical abilities. Female's test score are more consistent and good as compared to males.

Answer:

A. females score higher on tests of verbal ability than males.

Explanation:

Research has shown that females tend to score higher on tests of verbal ability, than males. On the other hand, men tend to do slightly better when it comes to visuospatial skills. However, what reseach has been unable to prove is whether these differences are innate, or whether they are the result of socialization and cultural biases.

Answer:ok

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is a.operant

Explanation:

The operant learning has to do with the learning process in which a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.  In this type of learning, the stimuli are presented when a behavior is rewarded or punished come to control that behavior.

Perceptions of talkative women as less capable and pushy are influenced by societal gender stereotypes. These stereotypes could be different in organizations with a high percentage of female managers at top levels, potentially leading to the dissolution of the 'glass ceiling'. These perceptions aren't biologically inherent, rather are formed due to societal norms.

The perception of talkative men being powerful and competent while talkative women are seen as less capable and pushy can be accredited to longstanding gender stereotypes. These societal norms have created prescriptive stereotypes, where assertive behaviour in men is appreciated, while women promoting similar behaviour are often perceived as overly competitive or self-centered (Baldoni, 2020). Such stereotypes can influence the dynamics of power in workplace conversations.

When it comes to organizations with a large percentage of female managers at the top, the perception of talkative women could potentially be different. This is contingent on the ability of such firms to break down gender stereotypes and promote a culture of equality. Consequently, a glass ceiling, the invisible barrier hindering women's advancement to leadership positions, is more likely to be broken in such organizations.

Furthermore, research has shown that gender-related differences in speech and language are not significant, contrary to common beliefs (Hyde, 2005). This suggests that the perception of talkative women being less capable or pushy is not inherently biological, but rather a result of societal structures and beliefs.

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The probability that all seven randomly selected people feel that the government is not working well is approximately 0.107 or 10.7%.

To find the probability that all seven people randomly selected felt that the government was not working well, we can use the concept of independent events. The probability of one person feeling that the government is not working well is 68.3% or 0.683. Since the events are independent, we can multiply the probabilities together for all seven people:

P(all seven feel the government is not working well) = 0.683 * 0.683 * 0.683 * 0.683 * 0.683 * 0.683 * 0.683 ≈ 0.107

Therefore, the probability that all seven randomly selected people feel that the government is not working well is approximately 0.107 or 10.7%.

Answer:

to be able to consider the appeal with an open-mind, not having made the initial decision

Explanation:

The right to appeal is the right someone has to appeal any judicial decision to another court. The appeal means that another court, with independent judges, will review the decision that was made.

In any case, the appeal usually is made because the judge that had already sentenced the case has a view of it, so it is highly unlikely that that judge would change his mind. With the appeal, other judges with other points of view about the case will look into it and maybe have another decision on the case.

Answer:

When children hear new word in a familiar concept they add that word to the general category without understanding it fully this is known as Fast mapping

Explanation:

In cognitive psychology, when children learn a new concept or word by hearing it in a familiar context, with minimal exposure and without fully understanding the concept; this hypothesized mental process is known as Fast mapping.

Or we can say, fast mapping is the ability of the children to connect a word to its meaning after little exposure, without fully understanding it.

Answer: It would be D, "People have greater access to individuals like themselves".

Explanation: Because people with the same culture share the same vision of life,  the same social identity,  habits and customs that includes marital matters,  and in this frame is common that people of the same group tend to chose individuals similar to their own.

In this sense, we may define culture such as the set of knowledge, ideas, traditions and customs that characterize  people or a social group.

People are more likely to marry individuals with social and cultural backgrounds very similar to their own because people have greater access to individuals like themselves. The correct option is D.

Culture influences marriage by instilling certain expectations, taboos, and rituals in participants. Marriages arranged by families are not unusual in some cultures. Couples in the West, for example, frequently choose one another with little outside influence.

Every culture has an impact on our individual habits and preferences. Personal habits that are appropriate in one country but not tolerated for long in another may cause problems in interracial relationships.

People prefer to marry someone with similar cultural resources because it allows them to develop a common lifestyle in marriage, which produces social confirmation and affection.

Thus, the ideal selection is option D.

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