A 29.950 g sample of an unknown metal is heated to 100.0 °c. The metal is then poured into 50.0 g of water in an insulated coffee cup calorimeter. The temperature of water rises from 25.0 ºc to 27.7 ºc. What is the specific heat of the metal?

Answer:

The frequency decreases by a factor of 3

Explanation:

Answer:

the frequency increases by a factor of three

Answer 1: Atoms gain valence electrons to form anions.

Explanation:

Anions are negatively charged species of an ions. Anions are formed when atoms with nearly complete octet gains electrons.

Answer 2: Emission spectrum

Explanation:

When ever electron jumps from higher energy to lower energy level energy is emitted out in the form of light.The wavelength of the light is given as [tex]\lambda[/tex]:

[tex]\lambda=\frac{hc}{E}[/tex] , E = energy, c= speed the light, h= planck constant

Answer 3: Two atoms of silicons could combine by fusion in order to create nickel.

Explanation:

Silicon has atomic number of 14 with atomic mass of 28 u.

nickel has atomic number of 28 with atomic mass of 59 u.

Two different isotopes of silicon atom will fuse together to give nickel.

[tex]^{29}Si_{14}+^{30}Si_{14}\rightarrow^{59}Ni_{28}[/tex]

Valence electrons and anion formation are closely related. An emission spectrum is produced when an excited electron returns to a lower energy level. Oxygen atoms can combine by fusion to create the heaviest element produced, which is nickel.

Valence electrons play a crucial role in anion formation. An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more valence electrons. The correct option is A) Atoms gain valence electrons to form anions.

When an excited electron returns to a lower energy level, light is emitted. The resulting spectrum is called an emission spectrum.

The heaviest element that can be produced by fusion is nickel. Two atoms of oxygen could combine by fusion to create nickel due to net energy requirements.

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Answer: phosphorous (P)

Explanation: Trust Me :)

Answer:

the answer is phosphorous

Explanation:

I just took test and got 100%

Among all the given options, the correct option is option D. Electrons are shared when molecules are formed.

It's not always clear what a molecule, compound, or atom means. Here are some examples of typical molecules along with an explanation about what a molecule are (and is not). When a group of atoms interact chemically, molecules are created. Whether the atoms are identical or dissimilar to one another is unimportant.

Elements' lone atoms are not molecules. O, the symbol for oxygen, is not really a molecule. When oxygen forms a link with another element or with itself, molecules are created. Electrons are shared when molecules are formed. Both simple and complicated molecules exist.

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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Hello!

So, we are given a ball with a density of 1100 kg/m³, and two liquids: water (1000 kg/m³) and honey (1400 kg/m³). Our goal is to determine if the ball will sink or float in the given liquids.

Let's take two common substances: water and ice. Water has a density of 1000 kg/m³ and ice has a density of about 917 kg/m³. You would notice that the ice is always floating when you put ice and water together. This would occur if you have other substances.

Here's what you should know:

Since the ball has a density of 1100 kg/m³, and water's density is 1000 kg/m³, then the ball will sink. If the ball is placed in honey, then it will float because the density of honey (1400 kg/m³) is greater than the ball's density.

Therefore, objects with a greater density than the surrounding liquid sink, while objects with a smaller density than the surrounding liquid float, which is the fourth choice.

Answer is: D) different room temperatures.

If students want only to measure influence of darkness to fruit, they should not change temperature, because now they will have two different impacts on on fruit spoilness.

The two main variables in an experiment are the independent (in this example should only be darkness) and dependent (spoilness of the fruit) variable.

Dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

Dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables. The dependent variables represent the output or outcome whose variation is being studied.

Answer: [tex]Ni(NO_3)_2[/tex]

Explanation: A molecule is made up by combination of same atoms or different atoms.

1 molecule of [tex]Na_2PFO_3[/tex] consists of 2 atoms of sodium, 1 atom of phosphorous, 1 atom of flourine and three atoms of oxygen. Thus the total number of atoms is 7.

1 molecule of [tex]Na_2PFO_3[/tex] consists of 2 atoms of sodium, 1 atom of phosphorous, 1 atom of flourine and three atoms of oxygen. Thus the total number of atoms is 7.

1 molecule of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] consists of 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur and 4 atoms of oxygen. Thus the total number of atoms is 7.

1 molecule of [tex]Ni(NO_3)_2[/tex] consists of 1 atom of nickel, 2 atoms of nitrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen. Thus the total number of atoms is 9.

1 molecule of [tex]NbCl_5[/tex] consists of 1 atom of niobium and 5 atoms of chlorine. Thus the total number of atoms is 6.

Thus substance which contains the most total atoms per molecule is [tex]Ni(NO_3)_2[/tex].

Photosynthesis, is another form of carbon fixation that can take place in the absence of sunlight. The Calvin cycle has two parts. First carbon dioxide is ‘‘fixed’’. Then ATP and NADPH from the light reactions provide energy to combine the fixed carbons to make sugar. Animals and other organisms cannot take in CO2 directly. They have to eat other organisms or absorb other organic molecules in order to get the Carbon that you need. Autotrophs can build low-energy inorganic CO2 into high-energy organic molecules like glucose. Autotrophs are an organism that is capable of synthesizing  its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy such as green plants, algae and other bacteria. carbon fixation is the first step of a cycle

Carbon atoms have the unique ability to form stable covalent bonds with themselves and other elements, enabling them to create large and complex macromolecules. This versatility allows for the formation of carbon-based macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Carbon's bonding properties are crucial to the diversity and functionality of organic molecules in living organisms.

The structure of a carbon atom is such that it can form stable covalent bonds with a variety of other atoms, including itself. This unique capability enables carbon to act as a building block for large molecules or macromolecules, essential to life. For instance, carbon's ability to bond with up to four different atoms allows for the formation of complex structures such as long chains, branching chains, and rings -- all of which are foundational structures in organic chemistry.

Macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids all utilize carbon as their structural backbone. These macromolecules are essentially polymers, made of repeating units called monomers. These monomers, comparable to beads on a string, covalently bond together to form the larger polymers. The great variety of ways these carbon-based monomers combine results in the extraordinary diversity of organic compounds found in living organisms.

The ability to form multiple bonds with itself and other elements leads to a nearly limitless array of organic molecules. This property is foundational to the fields of organic chemistry and biochemistry, which study the complex molecules that determine the forms and functions of living systems.

Final answer:

The carbon atom's unique capacity to form stable covalent bonds with up to four different atoms, including itself, enables the construction of assorted large molecules essential for life, such as macromolecules and biochemistry's complex structures.

Explanation:

The structure of a carbon atom enables it to form large molecules due to its unique ability to establish stable covalent bonds with a wide variety of atoms, including other carbon atoms. A carbon atom can bond to as many as four different atoms simultaneously, creating a flexible backbone for macromolecules and allowing for the formation of complex structures. This versatility is evident in the fact that carbon is at the heart of an immense diversity of organic compounds, ranging from simple monomers to complex polymers and various functional groups. Carbon's capacity for forming long chains, branches, and rings plays a crucial role in the development of complex molecules needed for life, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

The ability of carbon to link with other elements like nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus further expands the repertoire of biological macromolecules. Subsequently, this accounts for the vast diversity of forms and functions in living organisms, earning carbon a central place in the study of biochemistry.

[tex]174 \; \text{protons} / (29 \; \text{copper atoms} \cdot \text{proton}^{-1}) = 6 \; \text{copper atoms}[/tex]

Thus 174 protons would make at most 6 copper atoms. However, it would take 174 extra electrons (29 per atom) and even more neutrons than that to construct neutral copper atoms with stable nuclei.

Given that the pancake mix can be used for the preparation of 10 pancakes. The other ingredients added to the pancake mix would be eggs, cheese, milk, salt and baking soda. If all of thee ingredients are added to the pan cake mix in required proportions, we can make 10 pan cakes. So, the theoretical yield will be 10 pancakes. But in real Sam was able to prepare only 8 pancakes. That means the number of pancakes produced was limited by the amount of other ingredients. So, the actual yield will be 8 pancakes.

Hence the correct answer B) Theoretical yield

Final answer:

The number 10 represents the theoretical yield, as it is the amount of pancakes anticipated by the recipe. Sam's 8 pancakes represent the actual yield, which is often less than the theoretical yield.

Explanation:

When Sam makes 8 pancakes from the mix, while the box indicates that it makes 10, the number 10 represents the theoretical yield. This is because the theoretical yield is the amount of product that could be made based on the recipe or, in chemical terms, the amount calculated using stoichiometric methods. In contrast, the actual yield is the amount of product actually produced, which in Sam's case is 8 pancakes. The actual yield is often less than the theoretical yield, due to factors such as incomplete reactions or measurement inaccuracies.

n = PV/RT

p = 1.6 atm

v = 12.7L

R = 0.0821

T = 24°C which is equivalent to 297.15 degrees k

n = (16 × 12.7) / (0.0821 × 297.15)

n = 20.32 / 24.39

n = 0.83 mol

C = 12.90

H = 1.0079

C2 = 12.010 × 2 = 24.02

H6 = 1.0079 × 6 = 6.0474

C2H6 = 30.0674

Ethane times n which is 30.0674 × 0.83mol

= 24.95 grams of C2H6. Which is Ethane.

The empirical formula is Ca₃P₂O₈.

Assume that you have 100 g of the compound.

Then you have 38.76 g Ca, 19.97 g P, and 41.28 g O.

Now, we must convert these masses to moles and find their ratios.

If the number in the ratio are not close to integers, you multiply them by a number that makes them close to integers.

From here on, I like to summarize the calculations in a table.

Element  Mass/g     Moles         Ratio       ×2       Integers  

     Ca       38.76      0.967 07     1.4998   2.9995         3

     P         19.97       0.644 82     1             2                   2

     O        41.28       2.580 0       4.0011   8.0023          8

The empirical formula is Ca₃P₂O₈.

The empirical formula for this compound in the given case would be - Ca₃P₂O₈ or  [tex]Ca_3(PO_4)_2[/tex].

Let assume the given compound is 100g than the molar quantities of each element.

=> Moles of calcium

=  

=  0.967 mol

=> Moles of phosphorus

=  [tex]\frac{19.97g}{31.0g}[/tex]  

=  0.644 mol

=> Moles of oxygen

=

= 2.58 mol

Multiply integers of molecules by a number that makes them close to integers.

Element  Mass/g     Moles         Ratio       ×2       Integers       

Ca       38.76      0.967 07     1.4998       2.9995         3     

P         19.97       0.644 82     1                   2                2     

O        41.28       2.580 0       4.0011        8.0023          8

Thus, the empirical formula is Ca₃P₂O₈.  

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Conversion factor, 1 gallon = 4546.09 ml

Volume of stock solution = 1 gallon or 4546.09 ml

Dose required by the child = 5 ml/day

The number of days a gallon of this medicine last,

4546.09 ml x 1  day/ 5 ml = 909.218 days

Therefore, 1 gallon would last 909 days.

1. Mechanical weathering

2. Reactions with oxygen

3. A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds

Hope this Helps!!

1. The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock's chemical composition is called "mechanical weathering." Third option is correct.

2. "Reactions with oxygen" is NOT associated with mechanical weathering. Reactions with oxygen are more closely related to chemical weathering processes. Fourth option is correct.

3. The result of chemical weathering is "a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds." Chemical weathering involves the breakdown and alteration of minerals in the rock through chemical reactions, leading to the formation of new compounds. First option is correct.

1. The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock's chemical composition is called "mechanical weathering." Mechanical weathering is a type of weathering that involves physical forces breaking down rocks into smaller fragments without altering their chemical makeup. Common mechanisms of mechanical weathering include frost wedging, thermal expansion and contraction, abrasion by wind and water, and root wedging. These physical processes can create smaller particles and rock fragments, ultimately leading to the disintegration of the rock.

2. "Reactions with oxygen" are NOT associated with mechanical weathering. Instead, they are related to chemical weathering. Reactions with oxygen, often referred to as oxidation, are a type of chemical weathering process where certain minerals in the rock react with oxygen from the air or water. This can lead to the formation of new minerals and compounds, which may cause the rock to weaken or change its color.

3. The result of chemical weathering is "a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds." Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions that alter the chemical composition of the minerals in the rock. Water, atmospheric gases (like carbon dioxide and oxygen), and acids are some of the agents that contribute to chemical weathering. As these agents interact with the minerals in the rock, they cause chemical changes, leading to the formation of new compounds and the dissolution of some minerals. Over time, the rock's structure and appearance can be significantly transformed as a result of chemical weathering.

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PWR stands for many things. Since you're talking about nuclear power reactors I think PWR stands for pressurized water reactor.

A pressurized water reactor follows many steps but the main goal is to obtain thermal energy from water.

Hope it helped,

BioTeacher101

This missing mass is known as the mass defect, and represents the binding energy of the nucleus. The binding energy in the carbon-12 atom is therefore 0.098931 u * 931.5 MeV/u = 92.15 MeV.

Hey there!:

H is always +1 so the H's have a +3 charge.

O is always -2 so the O's have a -8 charge .

Now, suppose oxidation state for P = X , then :

+3  + X + (-8) = 0      (because of neutral molecule)

x = 8 - 3

x = + 5

So, X = +5 oxidation state.

Answer  C

Hope that helps!

Ionization energy increases from left to right because the left wants to lose elctrons and the right wants to gain electron

As you go a group it is easier lose lose because the electrons are farther away from the nucleus and there is less attraction from the positive charges.

It should be 3p3. the p level can hold 6 electrons

Rubidium group 1, 1 valence electrons very reactive

Mg2,2 very reactive

Al 3, 3 reactive

Ionization energy increases from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge and decreases down a group due to electron shielding. The provided electron configuration for phosphorus is incorrect because it adds an electron in the 4s orbital before the 3p orbitals are filled. Reactivity for Rubidium, Magnesium, and Aluminum varies based on their eagerness to lose valence electrons, with Rubidium being the most reactive.

Ionization Energy Trends in the Periodic Table

Ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Moving from left to right across a period, ionization energy tends to increase. This is because, as you move across a period, atoms have more protons (adding to the effective nuclear charge), but the additional electrons are being added to the same energy level. The increased nuclear charge attracts the electrons more strongly, making it harder to remove an electron. Therefore, ionization energy increases.

When moving down a group, ionization energy decreases due to the electron shielding effect. Each additional energy level adds more electrons between the nucleus and outermost electrons, which shield the outermost electrons from the nucleus's pull. With less effective nuclear charge on the outermost electrons, they are easier to remove, hence the lower ionization energy.

Incorrect Electron Configuration for Phosphorus

The electron configuration provided (1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p², 4s¹) is incorrect because it places an electron in the 4s orbital when there are still unoccupied p orbitals in the third shell. The correct configuration for a neutral atom of phosphorus is 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p³, filling the 3p orbitals before proceeding to the next energy level.

Reactivity of Selected Metals

Rubidium (Rb): Group 1, 1 valence electron; very high reactivity due to its eagerness to lose its single valence electron and achieve a stable noble gas configuration.

Magnesium (Mg): Group 2, 2 valence electrons; high reactivity owing to its tendency to lose two valence electrons to reach a stable configuration.

Aluminum (Al): Group 13, 3 valence electrons; moderate reactivity as it requires more energy to remove three valence electrons compared to elements in groups 1 and 2.

Answer:

ur no help

Explanation:

When they are close together and can slide, it will be in the state of a liquid, which takes a particular volume, but not a form.

When energy is decreased, the atoms move slower, and eventually locked in place, which will give it a fixed form, i.e. a solid.

The change of state is therefore that from a liquid to a solid, i.e. freezing.

Explanation:

As we known that atoms in a liquid substance are closer to each other and they are able to slide past each other because the attractive forces between them are neither too strong or too weak.

Hence, liquid substance are able to take the shape of a vessel in which they are placed. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.

On the other hand, atoms of a solid do not have enough kinetic energy. As they are held by strong attractive forces and they only vibrate at their mean position.

Hence, solids have fixed shape and volume.

Thus, we can conclude that in the given situation liquid to solid change of state is taking place.

At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction.

When the product of a reaction at equilibrium is increased the equilibrium will shift left or to the reactant side. As a result the excess product will get converted to reactant. This is in accordance to Le Chatelier's principle.

Le Chatelier's principle states that when a system is subjected to stress the equilibrium will shift in a direction to minimize effect of the stress.

Thus the products added to the system at equilibrium will make the equilibrium shift to the reactant side, the rate of the reverse or backward reaction will increase.

Answer:

D. The reverse reaction rate increase.

Explanation:

Just took the test and got it right! Hope this helps!

Answer:

Electrons

Explanation:

The majority of an atoms' mass comes from the protons and neutrons that make up its nucleus. Electrons are the least massive of an atom's constituent particles, with a mass of 9.11 x 10-31 kg and a size too small to be measured by current techniques.

The least massive part of an atom is the electron. Although protons and neutrons reside within an atom's nucleus, they are far more massive than an electron. The nucleus itself, containing both protons and neutrons, is much more massive than a single electron.

The four options given represent components of an atom: 'nuerons' is likely a typo for 'neutrons', along with protons, and electrons, all of which dwell within the atom's nucleus. The least massive part of these is the electron which possesses a mass around 1,800 times lesser than that of a proton or neutron. Protons and neutrons each have nearly the same mass. However, electrons have much less mass, making them the least massive part of an atom. The nucleus, however, is much more massive as it contains both protons and neutrons.

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Answer: Option 1, 4 and 5 describe acids accurately.

Explanation:

Option 1: Acids have a sour taste because of the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ion.

Option 2: They are corrosive in nature, that is they are not at all gentle with the skin and fabric as some acids intend to burn skin such as [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is a strong acid which can burn skin as well as fabric.

Option 3: Acids need electrons to release [tex]H^+[/tex] ions and non-metals do not donate electrons hence, there is no reaction between a non-metal and an acid.

Option 4: All acids do contain hydrogen. They dissociate in the presence of water to produce [tex]H^+[/tex] ions.

                                 [tex]HCl\overset{H_2O}{\rightarrow} H^++Cl^-[/tex]

Option 5: Acids do conduct electricity that is they carry electrical charges. This was explained by Arrhenius. He said that the acids dissociate into [tex]H^+[/tex]ions, when it is dissolved in water. These ions hence acts as charge carriers in water.

Hello!

To find the mass of helium, we need to multiply the total moles by the mass of helium. We are given 2.714 moles of helium, and the mass of helium is about 4.00 grams. Now, we multiply the two values together to get the grams.

2.714 moles x 4.00 grams = 10.856 grams

According to the number of significant figures, 2.714 moles of helium has a mass of 10.9 grams (exact value: 10.856 grams).

Answer is: C. The substance is a heterogeneous mixture.

This substance is not element or compound, because different components could be observed in the substance.

Pure substance is made of only one type of atom (element) or only one type of molecule (compound), mixtures and solutions are made from two or more types of pure substances.

For example, aluminium is an element and ammonia is compound.

This substance is not a homogeneous mixture, because different samples of the substance appeared to have different proportions of the components.  

Heterogeneous mixture is not uniform in composition.

For example, sand and small pebbles, proportions of its components (mixture particles of different colors and size) vary throughout the sample.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

1) Astronomers use different measurement systems to discuss distance in the universe C) because they allow the numbers to be more manageable.

The numbers are so huge that astronomers need different units to express them.

2) The measurement system with the largest value is C) the Parsec .

1 Parsec = 3.26 ly = 2.06 × 10⁵ AU