A 32 L samples of xenon gas at 10oC is expanded to 35 L. Calculate the final temperature.
299.3K
325.4K
273.5K
309.5K

ik its not C

Explanation:

It is known that the Van der Waals equation is a description of real gases, as in this equation there are all those interactions which we previously ignore in the ideal gas law.

In Vander Waals equation, the repulsion and collision, between molecules of gases are being considered. They are no longer ignored and they also are not considered a "point" particle.

According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT

or,                [tex]P(\frac{V}{n})[/tex] = RT

and, let [tex]\frac{V}{n}[/tex] = v; which is called molar volume

Hence,                  P × v = RT

As, the van der Waals equation corrects pressure and volume  as follows.

                  [tex](P+ \frac{a}{v^{2}}) \times (v - b)[/tex] = RT

where,   R = idel gas law; recommended to use the units of a and b; typically bar/atm and dm/L

              T = absolute temperature, in K

              v = molar volume, v = [tex]\frac{\text{Volume of gas}}{\text{moles of gas}}[/tex]

              P = pressure of gas

Now, substitute the data in Vander Waal,s equation as follows.

For argon,    [tex](P+ \frac{a}{v^{2}}) \times (v - b)[/tex] = RT

            [tex](P+ \frac{1.355}{(0.45)^{2}}) \times (0.45- 0.0320)[/tex] = 0.08314 [tex]bar dm^{3}/molK \times (200)K[/tex]

                    (P+ 6.691) = [tex]0.08314 \times \frac{200}{(0.45- 0.0320)}[/tex]

                            P = (39.7799 - 6.691) bar

                            P = 33.0889 bar

or,                       P = 33.09 bar (approx)

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure exerted by Ar in the given situation is 33.09 bar.

Answer:

Na⁺ tends to interact with the hardest base, which is water. Ag⁺ tends to interact with the softest (hardless) base, which is Cl⁻.

Explanation:

The HSAB concept says that hard acids are small ions with low electronegativity, while hard bases are electron donating groups with high electronegativity and low polarizability. The HSAB concept also says that hard acids will tend to react with hard bases. The opposite is valid for soft acids and soft bases.

Na⁺ is a hard acid

Ag ⁺ is a soft acid

Cl⁻ is a hard base

H₂O is a harder base than Cl⁻

Therefore, when in water, the Na⁺ tends to react with water, because it is a harder base than Cl⁻. However, as Ag⁺ is a soft acid, it will tend to stay with the less hard base, which is Cl⁻.

The significant figures are always:

Different from zero except there are only zeros before the point.

You can round them to the previous significant.

In scientific notation, you have one figure point two more figures.

Examples:

You have 4.21

All different from zero and only two decimals.

Those are all significant figures.

if you have 000.231555

You will shorten this to two significant figures.

Before the point, you only have zeros, so you need to keep only one of them to say its less than one.

After the point, you have a lot of figures, but you need to round this to two.

Because you have a one before the three, you'll keep the three. If you have a five or bigger number, you round it.

In this case, you'll have 0.23 with two significant figures.

Answer:

4.076g of HCl is neutralized by a dose of milke of magnesia containing 3.26g of Mg(OH)2

Explanation:

Step 1: The balanced equation

Mg(OH)₂(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) ⇔ 2 H₂O(l) + MgCl₂(aq)

This means that for 1 mole of Magnesium hydroxide consumed, there i s consumed 2 moles of HCl and there is produced 1 mole of MgCl2 ( and 2 moles of H2O)

Step 2: Calculating moles of Mg(OH)2

moles of Mg(OH)2 = mass of Mg(OH)2 / Molar mass of Mg(OH)2

moles Mg(OH)2 = 3.26g / 58.32g/mole = 0.0559 mole Mg(OH)2

Step 3: Calculating moles of HCl

Since there is for 1 mole Mg(OH)2 consumed, there is consumed 2 moles of HCl

There is for each 0.0559 moles of Mg(OH)2, 2*0.0559 = 0.1118 moles of HCl consumed.

Step 4: Calculating mass of HCl

mass of HCl = moles of HCl x Molar mass of HCl

mass of HCl = 0.1118 moles * 36.46 g/mole

mass of HCl = 4.076 g

4.076g of HCl is neutralized by a dose of milke of magnesia containing 3.26g of Mg(OH)2

To find the mass of HCl neutralized by Mg(OH)2, calculate the number of moles in 3.26 g of Mg(OH)2 and multiply by the molar mass of HCl, taking account that each mole of Mg(OH)2 neutralizes two moles of HCl.

The subject of this question is stoichiometry, which is a part of Chemistry. The equation provided showcases the reaction between magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2, the active ingredient in milk of magnesia) and stomach acid (HCl). To find the mass of HCl that is neutralized by 3.26 g of Mg(OH)2, we first need to determine the molar mass of Mg(OH)2, which is 58.3197 g/mol. Then, calculate the number of moles in 3.26 g of Mg(OH)2. Given the balanced formula, 1 mole of Mg(OH)2 neutralizes 2 moles of HCl. Therefore, the moles of HCl that can be neutralized is twice the moles of Mg(OH)2. The molar mass of HCl is 36.461 g/mol. Multiply the moles of HCl by the molar mass to acquire the mass of the HCl that can be neutralized.

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Answer:

unsaturated solution

Explanation:

This solution is made by the coffee, which is the solvent and the sugar, which is the solute. The solute dissolves in the solvent.

Sugar starts to precipitate because it cannot dissolve anymore. This means that the solution at the equilibrium point and is saturated. Since more coffee or solvent is added, the solution will now be able to dissolve more sugar. This means that the solution is unsaturated

Explanation:

According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory:

[tex]HA+H_2O\rightarrow A^-+H_3O^+[/tex]

Suppose acid Ha is getting dissociated in its solution and after dissociation it donates its proton to water molecule and forms conjugate base. Where as water (acting as a base) accepts protons and forms conjugate acid.

HA = Acid

[tex]H_2O[/tex] = Base

[tex]A^-[/tex] = Conjugate base

[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] = Conjugate acid

For example:

[tex]H_2SO_4+2H_2O\rightarrow SO_4^{2-}+2H_3O^+[/tex]

Sulfuric acid dissociating in its solution to form conjugate base and conjugate acid.

Sulfuric acid  = Acid

[tex]H_2O[/tex] = Base

[tex]SO_^{2-}[/tex] = Conjugate base

[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] = Conjugate acid

Answer: The number of atoms of carbon present in given number of moles are [tex]2.350\times 10^{20}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are given:

Number of moles of carbon = [tex]3.900\times 10^{-4}mol[/tex]

According to mole concept:

1 mole of an element contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.

So, [tex]3.900\times 10^{-4}mol[/tex] of carbon will contain = [tex]3.900\times 10^{-4}\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=2.350\times 10^{20}[/tex] number of atoms.

Hence, the number of atoms of carbon present in given number of moles are [tex]2.350\times 10^{20}[/tex]

Answer:

3 "digits" are required to code for the 20 different amino acids.

This means that in order to code for one amino acid, you require a group of 3 nucleotides, which is called a 'codon'

Explanation:

If each nucleotide determined one amino acid, we could only code for four different amino acids, since DNA contains only four kinds of nucleotides.

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of two nucleotides, the total number of diniclueotides we could get would be 4^2 = 16. This means that we could only code for 16 amino acids, which is an inferior amount than the number of amino acids required for protein synthesis (20).

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of three nucleotides, the total number of trinucleotides we could get would be 4^3 = 64. This means that the  total amount of triplets we could get is 64, which is more than enough to be able to code for the 20 different amino acids.

Answer:

[α] = -77.5° / [tex]\frac{\textup{dm-g}}{\textup{mL}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Given;

Mass of optically pure substance in the solution = 10 g

Volume of water = 500 mL

Length of the polarimeter, l = 20 cm = 20 × 0.1 dm = 2 dm

measured rotation = - 3.10°

Now,

The specific rotation ( [α] ) is given as:

[α] = [tex]\frac{\alpha}{c\times l}[/tex]

here,

α is the measured rotation = -3.10°

c is the concentration

or

c = [tex]\frac{\textup{Mass of optically pure substance in the solution}}{\textup{Volume of water}}[/tex]

or

c =  [tex]\frac{10}{500}[/tex]

or

c = 0.02 g/mL

on substituting the values, we get

[α] = [tex]\frac{-3.10^o}{0.02\times2}[/tex]

or

[α] = -77.5° / [tex]\frac{\textup{dm-g}}{\textup{mL}}[/tex]

Answer:

[tex]T=-272.9^{o}C[/tex]

Explanation:

We have the ideal gasses equation [tex]PV=nRT[/tex] and the expression for the specific volume [tex]v=\frac{V}{m}[/tex], that is the inverse of the density, and for definition the number of moles is equal to the mass over the molar mass, that is [tex]n=\frac{m}{M}[/tex]

And we can relate the three equations as follows:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

Replacing the expression for n, we have:

[tex]PV=\frac{m}{M}RT[/tex]

[tex]P\frac{V}{m}=\frac{RT}{M}[/tex]

Replacing the expression for v, we have:

[tex]Pv=\frac{RT}{M}[/tex]

Now resolving for T, we have:

[tex]T=\frac{PvM}{R}[/tex]

Now, we should convert all the quantities to the same units:

-Convert 500kPa to atm

[tex]500kPa*\frac{0.00986923}{1kPa}=4.93atm[/tex]

-Convert 0.2[tex]\frac{m^{3}}{kg}[/tex] to [tex]\frac{L}{kg}[/tex]

[tex]0.2\frac{m^{3} }{kg}*\frac{1L}{1m^{3}}=0.2\frac{L}{kg}[/tex]

- Convert the molar mass M of the water from [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex] to [tex]\frac{kg}{mol}[/tex]

[tex]18\frac{g}{mol}=\frac{1kg}{1000g}=0.018\frac{kg}{mol}[/tex]

Finally we can replace the values:

[tex]T=\frac{(4.93atm)(0.2\frac{L}{kg})(0.018\frac{kg}{mol})}{0.082\frac{atm.L}{mol.K}}[/tex]

[tex]T=0.216K[/tex]

[tex]T=0.216K-273.15\\T=-272.9^{o}C[/tex]

Answer:

The correct answer is: PCl₃ and PCl₅

Explanation:

Law of multiple proportions, also known as the Dalton's Law, states that the when the two different chemical elements combine in order to form two or more than two chemical compounds, then the ratio of mass of the chemical element that combines with the fixed mass of other chemical element is the ratio of small whole numbers.

Example: PCl₃ and PCl₅

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

        Mass flow rate of mixture = 1368 kg/hr

      [tex]N_{2}[/tex] in feed = 40 mole%

This means that [tex]H_{2}[/tex] in feed = (100 - 40)% = 60%

We assume that there are 100 total moles/hr of gas [tex](N_{2} + H_{2})[/tex] in feed stream.

Hence, calculate the total mass flow rate as follows.

           40 moles/hr of N_{2}/hr (28 g/mol of [tex]N_{2}[/tex]) + 60 moles/hr of [tex]H_{2}/hr[/tex] (2 g/mol of [tex]H_{2}[/tex])

                  [tex]40 \times 28 g/hr + 60 \times 2 g/hr[/tex]    

                  = 1120 g/hr + 120 g/hr

                  = 1240 g/hr

                  = [tex]\frac{1240}{1000}[/tex]              (as 1 kg = 1000 g)

                  = 1.240 kg/hr

Now, we will calculate mol/hr in the actual feed stream as follows.

                 [tex]\frac{100 mol/hr}{1.240 kg/hr} \times 1368 kg/hr[/tex]

                   = 110322.58 moles/hr

It is given that amount of nitrogen present in the feed stream is 40%. Hence, calculate the flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.

                       [tex]0.4 \times 110322.58 moles/hr[/tex]

                      = 44129.03 mol/hr

As 1 mole of nitrogen has 28 g/mol of mass or 0.028 kg.

Therefore, calculate the rate flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.

                       [tex]0.028 kg \times 44129.03 mol/hr[/tex]

                         = 1235.612 kg/hr

Thus, we can conclude that the the feed rate of pure nitrogen to the mixer is 1235.612 kg/hr.

Answer: The number of moles of disulfur decafluoride is [tex]6.62\times 10^{-20}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are given:

Number of disulfur decafluoride molecules = [tex]3.99\times 10^4[/tex]

According to mole concept:

[tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules are contained in 1 mole of a compound.

So, [tex]3.99\times 10^4[/tex] number of molecules will be contained in = [tex]\frac{1mol}{6.022\times 10^{23}}\times 3.99\times 10^{4}=6.62\times 10^{-20}mol[/tex] of disulfur decafluoride.

Hence, the number of moles of disulfur decafluoride is [tex]6.62\times 10^{-20}[/tex]

Answer:

The molar mass of the unknown solute is 106,9 g/m

Explanation:

Cryoscopic descent formula to solve this

ΔT = Kf . m

Be careful because units in Kfp are K/m, so let's get the ΔT degrees °C in K

3,91°C  = 3,91 K

It's a difference, in the end it does not matter

For example you can have 5° C as the final temperature and as initial, 1,09 °C -- ΔT is 5 - 1.09 = 3.91

What happens in Kelvin?

5°C + 273 = 278 K

1,09° C + 273 = 274,09 K

ΔT = 278 K - 274,09 K = 3,91 K

3,91 K = 20,1 K/m * m

3,91 K / 20,1 m/K = m

0,194 = m (molality)

Molality means moles from solute in 1 kg of solvent.

1kg = 1000 g

1000 g ________  0,194 moles

50 g _________ x

x = (50 g * 13,77 moles) / 1000 g = 9,72 *10-3 moles

Moles = mass / molar mass

Molar mass = mass / moles

Molar mass = 1,04 g / 9,72 *10-3 moles

Molar mass = 106,9 g/m

Answer:

Volume of water added = 2.0 L

Explanation:

Initial pH of the solution = 2.7

[H^+] concentration in 2 L solution of sulfuric acid,

[tex]pH = -log[H^+][/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-2.7} = 0.001995\ M = 0.002\ M[/tex]

Final pH of the solution = 3

Final [H^+] concentration of sulfuric acid,

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-3} = 0.001\ M[/tex]

Now,

[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]

[tex] 0.002 \times 2.0 = 0.001 \times V_2[/tex]

[tex]V_2 = \frac{0.002 \times 2.0}{0.001} = 4.00\ L[/tex]

Volume added = Final volume - Initial volume

                        = 4.0 - 2.0 = 2.0 L

Answer:

Freezing temperature:

         It is the temperature at which a liquid state of substance converts in to the solid state.

Ex :The freezing temperature of water is 0°C.

Melting temperature:

          It is the temperature at which a solid state of any substance covert in to the liquid sates.

Ex : Temperature above the 0°C of water

The heat required to melt the solid is know as heat of fusion. Heat of fusion of water nearly about 334 J.

The heat required to covert liquid state to vapor state is known as heat of vaporization.The heat of vaporization of water nearly 2230 J.

Answer:

The correct answer is letter c: The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid

Explanation:

Heat exchangers are used to exchange heat between two fluids so they are helpfull in cooling and heating processes. After the exchange the temperatures of the fluids that participate are changed so both option d and b: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always equal to the exit temperature of cold fluid) and (We cannot predict comparison between exit temperatures of hot fluid and cold fluid) are INCORRECT.

In which has to be with option a: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid). It is INCORRECT because the maximum temperature that can be reached by the cold fluid is the one that has the hot fluid. That is the ideal situation of thermal equilibrium in which both fluids leave the exchanger at the same temperature, that does no happen, so the real situation is the one described in option c "The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid". Both fluids exchange heat till the force that may that possible allows that, that force is the difference of temperature between them so when that difference reachs a minimum the process stops.

Final answer:

In parallel flow heat exchangers, the exit temperature of the hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of the cold fluid, as heat transfer occurs from the hot to the cold fluid according to the second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, both the hot and cold fluids enter the exchanger at different ends and flow in the same direction. As heat is transferred, the temperature of the hot fluid decreases while the temperature of the cold fluid increases. Due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer flows spontaneously from a hotter object to a cooler object but never in reverse. Therefore, the heat will always flow from the hot fluid to the cold fluid until they reaches equilibrium or until the hot fluid exits at a lower temperature than it entered.

Moreover, the efficiency of heat engines, which are related to heat exchangers, is higher when there is a large temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, as stated in the provided information. This implies that in most practical situations, especially when the hot and cold fluids are allowed to reach equilibrium, the exit temperature of the hot fluid will be less than that of the cold fluid (option a). However, if the length or design of the heat exchanger does not allow them to reach equilibrium, the exit temperatures may vary but the hot fluid is expected to cool down during the process.

The given data suggests that the decay of Chlorine oxide (ClO) is a first-order reaction. The rate constant can be calculated using the first-order rate law equation, which in this case gives a value of approximately 70000 s⁻¹.

The reaction order is determined by the relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of the reactants. By observing the given data, it appears that the decay of Chlorine oxide (ClO) is halving approximately. This suggests that it could be a first-order reaction, where the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant.

To calculate the rate constant of the reaction, we can use the first-order rate law equation: k = -1/[t]*ln([A]t/[A]0), where 'k' is the rate constant, '[t]' is the elapsed time, '[A]t' is the concentration at time 't' and '[A]0' is the initial concentration.

Using the initial and final concentrations given (at 4.26 × 10−3 s and 6.74 × 10−3 s), the equation for the rate constant becomes: k = -1/(6.74 × 10⁻³ - 4.26 × 10⁻³)*ln((4.01 × 10⁻⁶)/(7.73 × 10⁻⁶)). Calculating gives a rate constant value of approximately 70000 s-1. Remember, these values may vary depending on specific calculation approaches.

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The decomposition of ClO is determined to be first-order with a rate constant of approximately 0.263 s⁻¹. We used the method of initial rates and plotting ln[ClO] versus time to ascertain the reaction order and calculate the rate constant.

To determine the reaction order and rate constant for the decomposition of chlorine oxide (ClO) according to the equation 2ClO(g) → Cl₂(g) + O₂(g), we need to analyze the given concentration data over time.

The reaction is **first-order** with respect to ClO, and the rate constant, **k**, is approximately 0.263 s⁻¹.

Answer:

t = 71.47 min

Explanation:

Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:

[tex][A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}[/tex]

Where,  

[tex][A_t][/tex] is the concentration at time t

[tex][A_0][/tex] is the initial concentration

Given:

20.8 % is decomposed which means that 0.208 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.208 = 0.792

t = 7.8 min

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]

[tex]0.792=e^{-k\times 7.8}[/tex]

k = 0.0299 min⁻¹

Also,

Given:

88.2 % is decomposed which means that 0.882 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.882 = 0.118

t = ?

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]

[tex]0.118=e^{-0.0299\times t}[/tex]

t = 71.47 min

Answer:

correct option is c

Explanation:

The Grashof number is a dimensionless number, which is named after renowned scientist  Franz Grashof. The Grashof quantity is defined as the proportion of the buoyant force to viscous force performing on a fluid in a pace boundary layer.

Its function in natural convection is more or less the same as that of Reynolds's number in compelled convection.

Answer:

The list and discussions are stated below:

Explanation:

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is extremely important.

1. Organization

With GLP we can guarantee an organized work environment, which is essencial in a laboratory.

2. Safety

GLP promotes laboratory safety for personell, avoiding unecessary risks and preventing accidents.

3. Quality control

GLP ensures that experiments made and products developed in a laboratory have the demanded quality.

4. Reliability of results

GLP promotes quality of results reporting, wich directly influences the reliability of results.

Explanation:

The electronic configuration of magnesium with Z = 12 is : 2, 8, 12

The electronic configuration of bromine with Z = 35 is : 2, 8, 18, 7

The Lewis structure is drawn in such a way that the octet of each atom is complete.  

Thus, magnesium losses two electrons to bromine and 2 atoms of bromine accepts the electron.

Thus, the valence electrons are shown by dots in Lewis structure. The reaction is shown in image below.

Lewis symbols represent electron transfer between Mg and Br atoms in the formation of an ionic compound.

Lewis symbols, also known as Lewis dot diagrams or electron dot diagrams, depict the valence electrons of atoms using dots around the symbol of the element. In the formation of an ionic compound between Mg and Br atoms, magnesium (Mg) donates two electrons to each bromine (Br) atom, resulting in the transfer of electrons and the creation of Mg2+ and Br- ions.

Answer:

A liquid with a sharp contact angle (e.g., water on glass) will form a concave meniscus, and the liquid pressure under the meniscus will be smaller than the atmospheric pressure

Explanation:

The phenomenon of capillarity is produced by the action of the surface tension of the fluids and is observed when a small diameter tube is immersed within the fluid. If we pay attention to the result, we can see that, depending on the fluid, two different things can happen, that the liquid rises through the tube and that the level inside the tube is greater than that of the liquid or that the opposite happens.

The case in which the liquid rises above the tube occurs when the liquid "wets". This occurs when the adhesion forces with the walls exceed those of cohesion between the fluid molecules. In this case, the concave side is out of the fluid.

The case where the level of the liquid inside the tube is lower than the level of the liquid occurs when the liquid does not get wet. We remember that the liquid does not get wet when the cohesion forces are greater than those of adhesion. This phenomenon is called capillary depression and the concave angle is for the liquid side and is said to be convex.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The mass of a compound is the sum of the masses of its component (a total is equal to the sum of its parts).

Answer:

13701.66 g

Explanation:

Moles is denoted by given mass divided by the molecular mass ,  

Hence ,  

n = w / m

n = moles ,  

w = given mass ,  

m = molecular mass .

From the question ,

114.0 g-moles of cumene means ,

Moles of cumene = 114.0 g-mol

The  Chemical formula of cumene = C₉H₁₂

As we know the molecular mass of cumene = 120.19 g /mol

using the above formula ,

n = w / m

w = n * m

Putting the corresponding values -

w = (114.0 g-mol) * 120.19 g /mol

w = 13701.66 g

Answer and Explanation:

Water is the most important solvent for biomolecules such as proteins because its form very strong and unique hydrogen bonds.

The secondary, tertiary and also quaternary structures of proteins depends on its solvatation (in which the protein is surrounded by water molecules). That means that is very important the interaction between water molecules and aminoacids in the primary sequence of the protein. In water, the protein is stabilized by the effect of the hydrogen bonds. As the conformation of the protein is essential to mantain the protein functionality (e.g. in enzymes, which are proteins that catalize reactions) and to interact to other proteins, its proper hydratation is very important.

Conversely, if the protein is in the gas phase, there are not interactions with water, and there is not stabilization of its conformation. The protein cannot retain its essential structure and functionality.

Answer: Lithium is getting oxidized and is a reducing agent. Hydrogen is getting reduced and is oxidizing agent.

Explanation:

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. Here, oxidation state of the atom increases.

[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom gains electrons. Here, the oxidation state of the atom decreases.

[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]

Oxidizing agents are defined as the agents which oxidize other substance and itself gets reduced. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.

Reducing agents are defined as the agents which reduces the other substance and itself gets oxidized. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]2Li(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2LiOH(aq.)+H_2(g)[/tex]

The half reactions for the above reaction are:

Oxidation half reaction: [tex]2Li(s)\rightarrow 2Li^{+}(aq.)+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction half reaction: [tex]2H^(aq.)+2e^-\rightarrow H_2(g)[/tex]

From the above reactions, lithium is loosing its electrons. Thus, it is getting oxidized and is considered as a reducing agent.

Hydrogen is gaining electrons and thus is getting reduced and is considered as an oxidizing agent.

Answer:

Hello my friend! The amount of 31g of KNO3 will precipitate!

Explanation:

At 40 ∘C the solution has 45 g of KNO3 per 100 g of water and it can contain up to 63 g of KNO3 per 100 g of water. At 0 ∘C the solubility is ~ 14 gKNO3per 100 g of water, so 31 gKNO3 per 100 g of water will precipitate

The cooling of a solution with 45g of KNO3 in 100g of water from 40 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius results in precipitation of excess KNO3 because of decreased solubility.

This question is related to the solubility of Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) in water at different temperatures. At 40 degrees Celcius, the solution already has 45g of KNO3 per 100g of water. The solubility of KNO3 at this temperature is approximately 60g per 100g of water. However, upon cooling to 0 degrees Celcius, the solubility of KNO3 drops to around 13g per 100g of water. As a result, the excess KNO3 which is around 32g per 100g of water, will precipitate out of the solution.

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Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

        Mass of gold = 645 lb,       Volume = 0.5348 ft3

         Density of water = 62.4 lbs/ft3

It is known that specific gravity is defined as density of substance divided by the density of standard fluid.

Mathematically,       Specific gravity = [tex]\frac{\text{density of gold}}{\text{density of water}}[/tex]

               Specific gravity = [tex]\frac{\text{density of gold}}{62.4 (lbs.ft^{-3})}[/tex]

Now, calculate the density of gold then from density we will calculate specific gravity as follows

Since,             Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

                        Density = [tex]\frac{645 lbs}{0.5348 ft^{3}}[/tex]

                                    = 1206.06 [tex]lbs/ft^{3}[/tex]

As,        Specific gravity = [tex]\frac{\text{density of gold}}{\text{density of water (standard fluid)}}[/tex]

                                      = [tex]\frac{1206.06 (lbs/ft^{3})}{62.4 (lbs/ft^{3})}[/tex]

                                      = 19.32

Therefore, the value of specific gravity is 19.32.

Specific gravity has no units as it is density divided by density. Hence, all the units get canceled out.