Answer:
0.210 M
Explanation:
A 75.0 mL aliquot of a 1.70 M solution is diluted to a total volume of 278 mL.
In order to find out the resulting concentration (C₂) we will use the dilution rule.
C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂
1.70 M × 75.0 mL = C₂ × 278 mL
C₂ = 0.459 M
A 139 mL portion of that solution is diluted by adding 165 mL of water. What is the final concentration? Assume the volumes are additive.
Since the volumes are additive, the final volume V₂ is 139 mL + 165 mL = 304 mL. Next, we can use the dilution rule.
C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂
0.459 M × 139 mL = C₂ × 304 mL
C₂ = 0.210 M
Answer:
The correct answer is 0.21 M
Explanation:
We have an initial solution of concentration 1.70 M and we dilute it twice. In each dilution we can calculate the final concentration (Cf) from the initial concentration (Ci) and the final and initial volumes respectively (Vf and Vi) as follows:
Cf x Vf= Ci x Vi
Cf= Ci x Vi/ Vf
In the first dilution, Ci is 1.70 M, the initial volume we take is 75 ml and the final volume is 278 ml.
Cf= 1.70 M x 75 ml / 278 ml = 0.46 M
In the second dilution, the initial concentration is the previously obtained (Ci= 0.46 M), the initial volume is Vi= 139 ml and the final volume is the addition of 139 ml and 165 ml (because we add 165 ml to 139 ml). Thus:
Cf= (0.46 M x 139 ml)/ (139 ml + 165 ml) = 0.21 M
Which best explains why bromine is soluble in mineral oil?
A.) Both substances are liquids
B.) Both substances have similar densities
C.) Both substances are made up of nonpolar molecules
D.) One substance is made up of polar molecules and the other is made up of nonpolar molecules
Answer:
C.) Both substances are made up of nonpolar molecules
Explanation:
Bromine is soluble in mineral oil because both substances are made of nonpolar molecules.A solute is highly soluble in a solvent that has the same chemical structure as it has. Bromine is a diatomic molecule that has dipole moments that cancel out to form a non-polar molecular. Mineral oil contains Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms forming nonpolar molecules.
What is the pOH of a 0.0092 M CsOH solution?
A) 2.04
B) 16.04
C) 9.31
D) 4.69
E) 11.96
Answer:
2.04 is the pOH of a 0.0092 M CsOH solution.
Explanation:
Molarity of cesium hydroxde = [CsOH]= 0.0092
[tex]CsOH(aq)\rightarrow Cs^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]
1 mole of cesium hydroxide gives 1 mole of cesium ion and 1 mole of hydroxide ion.
Then 0.0092 M cesium hydroxide will give :
[tex][OH^-]=1\times [CsOH]=1\times 0.0092 M=0.0092M [/tex]
The pOH of the solution is the negative logarithm of concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]
[tex]pOH=-\log [0.0092 M]=2.0362\approx 2.04 [/tex]
2.04 is the pOH of a 0.0092 M CsOH solution.
Final answer:
The pOH of a 0.0092 [tex]M CsOH[/tex] solution is calculated using the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration, which results in a pOH of 2.04. Thus, the correct answer is (A) 2.04.
Explanation:
The student is asking about how to calculate the pOH of a [tex]CsOH[/tex] solution. Since CsOH is a strong base, it will dissociate completely in water.
The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a 0.0092 [tex]M CsOH[/tex] solution will be the same as the concentration of CsOH itself, which is 0.0092 M.
To find the pOH, we take the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydroxide ion concentration:
[tex]pOH = -log[OH-][/tex]
[tex]pOH = -log(0.0092)[/tex]
[tex]pOH = -(-2.036)[/tex]
[tex]pOH = 2.036[/tex]
Therefore, rounding to two decimal places, the pOH of a 0.0092 [tex]M CsOH[/tex] solution is 2.04. Hence, the correct answer is (A) 2.04.
Complexes containing metals with d10 electron configurations are typically colorless because:
a) there are no d electrons to form bonds to ligands.
b) here is no d electron that can be promoted via the absorption of visible light.
c) d electrons must be emitted by the complex in order for it to appear colored.
d) a complex must be charged to be colored.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
The complexes that involve metal having d10 electrons arrangement are usually colorless because:
A). There is no d electron that can be promoted via the absorption of visible light.
The reason for which the complexes that have been made with metal possessing electron configuration of d10 being colorless is that no d electron could be encouraged through absorption of viewable light.The absence of d electron will result in leaving the arrangement to remain colorless.The key cause of d electrons' absence is that no d electron could be inspired for absorbing light that is viewable.Thus, option A is the correct answer.
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The specific heats and densities of several materials are given below: Material Specific Heat (cal/g·°C) Density (g/cm3) Brick 0.220 2.0 Concrete 0.270 2.7 Steel 0.118 7 Water 1.00 1.00 Calculate the change in temperature produced by the addition of 1 kcal of heat to 100 g of steel.
Answer: The change in temperature is 84.7°C
Explanation:
To calculate the change in temperature, we use the equation:
[tex]q=mc\Delta T[/tex]
where,
q = heat absorbed = 1 kCal = 1000 Cal (Conversion factor: 1 kCal = 1000 Cal)
m = mass of steel = 100 g
c = specific heat capacity of steel = 0.118 Cal/g.°C
[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = change in temperature = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1000cal=100g\times 0.118cal/g^oC\times \Delta T\\\\\Delta T=\frac{1000cal}{100g\times 0.118cal/g^oC}\\\\\Delta T=84.7^oC[/tex]
Hence, the change in temperature is 84.7°C
Consider a sample of helium gas in a container fitted with a piston as pictured below. The piston is frictionless, but has a mass of 10.0 kg. How many of the following processes will cause the piston to move away from the base and decrease the pressure of the gas? Assume ideal behavior.
I. Heating the helium.
II. Removing some of the helium from the container.
III. Turning the container on its side.
IV. Decreasing the pressure outside the container.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4
Answer:
I. heating the helium
Explanation:
Final answer:
(I) Heating the helium and (IV) decreasing the pressure outside the container are the two processes that will cause the piston to move away from the base and decrease the pressure of the gas. Hence, (c) is the correct option.
Explanation:
Assuming ideal gas behavior, the question asks which processes will lead the piston to travel away from the base and lower the helium gas's pressure. Let's examine each of the scenarios that are presented:
I. Heating the helium: Heating increases the internal energy of the gas molecules, making them move faster. This increases the force they exert against the piston, pushing it outward and increasing the volume, thus reducing the pressure according to Boyle's Law (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂).
II. Removing some of the helium from the container: If you remove some of the helium, there will be fewer molecules to exert force on the piston, leading to a decrease in pressure. However, the piston will not necessarily move since the external pressure remains the same. Without a corresponding change in external pressure, there is no force to move the piston outward.
III. Turning the container on its side: Turning the container on its side will have no effect on the pressure or volume of the gas if the external conditions remain the same. The position of the piston is influenced by forces and pressures, not by its orientation in space.
IV. Decreasing the pressure outside the container: Decreasing the external pressure acting on the piston will allow the internal pressure of the gas to push the piston outward, increasing the volume and therefore decreasing the gas pressure, as explained by the ideal gas law (PV = nRT).
Therefore, the processes that will cause the piston to move away from the base and decrease the pressure of the gas are heating the helium and decreasing the pressure outside the container. So the correct answer to the question is (c) 2.
Define A, Z, and X in the following notation used to specify a nuclide: AZX. Check all that apply.
(A) Z is the mass number (number of protons - neutrons).
(B) A is the chemical symbol of the element.
(C) Z is the chemical symbol of the element.
(D) A is the atomic number (number of protons).
(F) X is the chemical symbol of the element.
(G) X is the mass number (number of protons neutrons).
(H) Z is the atomic number (number of protons).
(I) A is the mass number (number of protons neutrons).
(J) X is the atomic number (number of protons).
Answer:
X is the chemical symbol of the element.
A is the mass number (number of protons neutrons).
Z is the atomic number (number of protons).
Explanation:
In stating the chemical representation of an element, the AZX symbol is used.
The symbol of the element may either come from its Latin or English name. For instance, the symbol of the element sodium, comes from its Latin name natrium (Na).
Its atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. For sodium, the atomic number is 11.
The mass number refers to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. For sodium the mass number is 23.
Hence the AZX symbol for sodium is
23_11Na.
The correct option as regarding the definition of A, Z and X in ᴬ₂X are:
A is the mass number (option I)Z is the atomic number (option H)X is the chemical symbol of the element (option F)How to determine what A, Z and X represents?Nuclide of elements are generally represented according to the following notation:
ᴬ₂X
Where
A is defined as the mass number of the element and it the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.Z is the atomic number element which is equally the proton number of the elementX is the symbol of the element which is used to identity the elementWith the above information, we can determine the options that is correct from the question.
Thus, the correct options are:
Option I A is the mass number (number of protons + neutrons)Option H Z is the atomic number (number of protons)Option F X is the chemical symbol of the element.Learn more about nuclide notation:
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At a particular temperature, 12.6 mol of SO3 is placed into a 4.0-L rigid container, and the SO3 dissociates by the reaction given below. 2 SO3(g) equilibrium reaction arrow 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) At equilibrium, 3.4 mol of SO2 is present. Calculate K for this reaction.
Answer:
At equilibrium, Kc = 0.058
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mol SO3 = 12.6
Volume = 4.0 L
At equilibrium we have:
3.4 mol of SO2
Step 2: The balanced equation
2SO3(g) + ⇆ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
Step 3: ICE-chart
The initial number of moles are:
SO3: 12.6 moles
SO2 : 0 mol
O2: 0 mol
There will react:
SO3: -2x
SO2: +2x
O2: +x
The number of moles at the equilibrium are:
SO3: 12.6 - 2x
SO2: 2x = 3.4 mol
O2: x
Since at the equilibrium, we have 2x = 3.4 mol. x = 1.7 mol
This means at the equilibrium we have 1.7 mol of O2 and 12.6 -3.4 = 9.2 mol of SO3
Step 4: Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc
Kc = [3.4/4]² *[1.7/4] / [9.2/4]²
Kc = 0.058
At equilibrium, Kc = 0.058
Part A Name the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]^3- . The oxidation number of iron is +3. Part B Name the complex ion [Cu(NH3)2(H2O)4]^2+ . The oxidation number of copper is +2. Part C Name the complex CrCl2(en)2 . The oxidation number of chromium is +2. Part D Name the salt [Ni(H2O)3(Co)]SO4 . The oxidation number of nickel is +2. Part E Name the salt K4[Pt(CO3)2F2] given that the carbonate ion acts as a monodentate ligand in the complex. The oxidation number of platinum is +2.
The complexes are sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV), potassium trisoxalatoferrate(III), and pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride.
Explanation:(a) There are two Na+ ions, so the coordination sphere has a negative two charge: [PtCl6]². There are six anionic chloride ligands, so -2 = -6 + x, and the oxidation state of the platinum is 4+. The name of the complex is sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV), and the coordination number is six.
(b) The coordination sphere has a charge of 3- (based on the potassium) and the oxalate ligands each have a charge of 2-, so the metal oxidation state is given by -3 = -6+ x, and this is an iron(III) complex. The name is potassium trisoxalatoferrate(III) (note that tris is used instead of tri because the ligand name starts with a vowel). Because oxalate is a bidentate ligand, this complex has a coordination number of six.
(c) In this example, the coordination sphere has a cationic charge of 2+. The NH3 ligand is neutral, but the chloro ligand has a charge of 1-. The oxidation state is found by +2 = -1 + x and is 3+, so the complex is pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride and the coordination number is six.
Carboxylic acids boil at considerably higher temperatures than do alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes of similar molecular weights. This is because they: A. have a greater oxygen content. B. are more acidic. C. form stable hydrogen-bonded dimers. D. are hydrophobic. E. none of the above
Answer:
The correct option is: C. form stable hydrogen-bonded dimers
Explanation:
Boiling point is the temperature at which a particular substance changes from liquid state to vapor state.
The boiling point of a chemical substance depends upon the intermolecular forces present between the molecules.
Carboxylic acids are the organic molecules containing carboxyl functional group (COOH). They tend to have greater boiling point than alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes.
This is because only carboxylic acids are capable of forming dimers that are stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
When 100 mL of 0.200 M NaCl(aq) and 100 mL of 0.200 M AgNO3(aq), both at 21.9 °C, are mixed in a coffee cup calorimeter, the temperature increases to 23.5 °C as solid AgCl forms. How much heat is produced by this precipitation reaction? What assumptions did you make to determine your value?
Answer:
There is 1.3 kJ heat produced(released)
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Volume of a 0.200 M Nacl solution = 100 mL = 0.1 L
Volume of a 0.200 M AgNO3 solution = 100 mL = 0.1 L
Initial temperature = 21.9 °C
Final temperature = 23.5 °C
Solid AgCl will be formed
Step 2: The balanced equation:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) → Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + AgCl(s)
Step 3: Define the formula
Pressure is constant. → the heat evolved from the reaction is equivalent to the enthalpy of reaction.
Q=m*c*ΔT
⇒ Q = the heat transfer (in joule)
⇒ m =the mass (in grams)
⇒ c= the heat capacity (J/g°C)
⇒ ΔT = Change in temperature = T2- T1
Step 4: Calculate heat
Let's vonsider the density the same as the density of water (1g/mL)
Mass = volume * density
Mass = 200 mL * 1g/mL
Mass = 200 grams
Q= m*c*ΔT
⇒ m = 200 grams
⇒ c = the heat capacity (let's consider the heat capacity of water) = 4.184 J/g°C
⇒ ΔT = 23.5 -21.9 = 1.6°C
Q = 200 * 4.184 * 1.6 = 1338 .9 J = 1.3 kJ
There is 1.3 kJ heat produced(released)
Therefore, we assumed no heat is absorbed by the calorimeter, no heat is exchanged between the calorimeter and its surroundings, and the specific heat and mass of the solution are the same as those for water (1g/mL and 4.184 J/g°C)
The increased temperature after the precipitation reaction of NaCl and AgNO3 in a coffee cup calorimeter indicates that heat is released. Calculation of the heat released depends on the specific heat capacity of the solution and its mass. Some assumptions made include the solution having the same heat capacity and density as water, and perfect insulation of the calorimeter.
Explanation:The heat released by the precipitation reaction of NaCl and AgNO3 to form AgCl can be deduced from the increase of temperature observed in the coffee cup calorimeter. The process happens when Ag+ from AgNO3(aq) and Cl- ion from NaCl(aq) react to form the solid AgCl. This reaction is exothermic as it leads to an increase in the temperature of surroundings, that is, the solution in the calorimeter.
To calculate the heat produced, we need the specific heat capacity of the solution, which is assumed to be approximately equal to that of water (4.18 J/g°C), and the total mass of the solution which is calculated by adding the volumes of the two solutions since the density of the solution is assumed to be approximately 1 g/mL (same as water).
The approximations made in this calculation include treating the solution as having the same specific heat capacity and density as pure water, and assuming that the calorimeter perfectly insulates the solution so that no heat is lost to the environment.
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Devon’s laboratory is out of material to make phosphate buffer. He is considering using sulfate to make a buffer instead. The pka values for the two hydrogens in H2SO4 are -10 and 2.
Will this approach work for making a buffer effective near a pH of 7?
O yes
O not enough information to answer
O no
What is the optimal pH for sulfate‑based buffers? Enter your answer as a whole number.
Answer:
Is not possible to make a buffer near of 7.
Optimal pH for sulfate‑based buffers is 2.
Explanation:
The dissociations of H₂SO₄ are:
H₂SO₄ ⇄ H⁺ + HSO₄⁻ pka₁ = -10
HSO₄⁻ ⇄ H⁺ + SO₄²⁻ pka₂ = 2.
The buffering capacity is pka±1. That means that for H₂SO₄ the buffering capacity is in pH's between -11 and -9 and between 1 and 3, having in mind that pH's<0 are not useful. For that reason, is not possible to make a buffer near of 7.
The optimal pH for sulfate‑based buffers is when pka=pH, that means that optimal pH is 2.
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A metal sample weighing 129.00 grams and at a temperature of 97.8 degrees Celsius was placed in 45.00 grams of water in a calorimeter at 20.4 degrees Celsius. At equilibrium the temperature of the water and metal was 39.6 degrees Celsius. Calculate the specific heat of the metal. The specific heat of the water is 4.184 J/g/C
Answer : The specific heat of metal is [tex]0.481J/g^oC[/tex].
Explanation :
In this problem we assumed that heat given by the hot body is equal to the heat taken by the cold body.
[tex]q_1=-q_2[/tex]
[tex]m_1\times c_1\times (T_f-T_1)=-m_2\times c_2\times (T_f-T_2)[/tex]
where,
[tex]c_1[/tex] = specific heat of metal = ?
[tex]c_2[/tex] = specific heat of water = [tex]4.184J/g^oC[/tex]
[tex]m_1[/tex] = mass of metal = 129.00 g
[tex]m_2[/tex] = mass of water = 45.00 g
[tex]T_f[/tex] = final temperature = [tex]39.6^oC[/tex]
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of metal = [tex]97.8^oC[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = initial temperature of water = [tex]20.4^oC[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get
[tex]129.00g\times c_1\times (39.6-97.8)^oC=-45.00g\times 4.184J/g^oC\times (39.6-20.4)^oC[/tex]
[tex]c_1=0.481J/g^oC[/tex]
Therefore, the specific heat of metal is [tex]0.481J/g^oC[/tex].
To calculate the specific heat of the metal, the heat transfer equation q=mcΔT is used. By setting the heat lost by the metal equal to the heat gained by the water, and substituting the known values into the equation, we can solve for the specific heat of the metal.
Explanation:The specific heat of a metal can be calculated by using the concept of heat transfer, where heat lost by the metal is equal to the heat gained by the water in a calorimetry experiment. The equation is q = mcΔT, where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. For the water, the heat gained can be calculated as qwater = mwatercwaterΔTwater. For the metal, the heat lost is qmetal = mmetalcmetalΔTmetal. Given that the heat lost by the metal equals the heat gained by the water, the equation can be set up to solve for the specific heat of the metal, cmetal = (qwater / (mmetalΔTmetal)). We know the following: mwater = 45.00 g, cwater = 4.184 J/g/C, ΔTwater = final temperature - initial temperature of water, mmetal = 129.00 g, ΔTmetal = initial temperature of metal - final temperature. By substituting these values into the equation, we can find the specific heat of the metal.
Given these reactions, X ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) ⟶ XO ( s ) Δ H = − 665.9 k J / m o l XCO 3 ( s ) ⟶ XO ( s ) + CO 2 ( g ) Δ H = + 190.1 k J / m o l what is Δ H for this reaction? X ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) + CO 2 ( g ) ⟶ XCO 3 ( s )
Answer:
ΔH of reaction is -856 kJ/mol
Explanation:
The property ΔH is property which can be added to find the net change in enthalpy of reaction.
ΔH of first reaction is -665.9 kJ/mol
ΔH of second reaction is 190.1 kJ/mol
carefully looking at the third equation,
it is first reaction - second reaction.
thus, by Hess's law,
Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation (or just Hess's Law) states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes.
ΔH of third reaction is = [tex]-665.9 - (190.1)[/tex]
ΔH = -856 kJ/mol
Draw a structure for the product of nucleophilic substitution obtained on solvolysis of tert−butyl bromide in methanol, and arrange the correct mechanism for its formation. Be sure to answer all parts.
Answer:
2-methoxy-2-methylpropane
Explanation:
The first step for this reaction is the carbocation formation. In this step, a tertiary carbocation is formed. Also, we will have a good leaving group so bromide will be formed. Then the methanol acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation. Next, a positive charge is generated upon the oxygen, this charge can be removed when the hydrogen leaves the molecule as [tex]H^+[/tex]. (See figure)
Consider the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction. Calculate the free energy change if the ratio of the concentrations of the products to the concentrations of the reactants is 21.3 and the temperature is 37.0 ° C ? Δ G ° ' for the reaction is − 16.7 kJ/mol .
Answer: The Gibbs free energy of the reaction is -8.82 kJ/mol
Explanation:
The equation used to Gibbs free energy of the reaction follows:
[tex]\Delta G=\Delta G^o+RT\ln K_{eq}[/tex]
where,
[tex]\Delta G[/tex] = free energy of the reaction
[tex]\Delta G^o[/tex] = standard Gibbs free energy = -16.7 kJ/mol = -16700 J/mol (Conversion factor: 1kJ = 1000J)
R = Gas constant = [tex]8.314J/K mol[/tex]
T = Temperature = [tex]37^oC=[273+37]K=310K[/tex]
[tex]K_{eq}[/tex] = Ratio of concentration of products and reactants = 21.3
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\Delta G=-16700J/mol+(8.314J/K.mol\times 310K\times \ln (21.3))\\\\\Delta G=-8816.7J/mol=-8.82kJ/mol[/tex]
Hence, the Gibbs free energy of the reaction is -8.82 kJ/mol
Nitrogen is a vital component of proteins and nucleic acids, and thus is necessary for life. The atmosphere is composed of roughly 80% N2, but most organisms cannot directly utilize N2 for biosynthesis. Bacteria capable of "fixing" nitrogen ( ie converting N2 to a chemical form, such as NH3, which can be utilized in the biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids) are called diazatrophs. The ability of some plants like legumes to fix nitrogen is due to a symbiotic relationship between the plant and nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the plant’s roots.
Assume the hypothetical reaction for fixing nitrogen biologically is N2 (g) + 3H2O (l) → 2 NH3 (aq) + 3/2 O2 (g)
a. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the biosynthetic fixation of nitrogen at T = 298 K. For NH3 (aq), ammonia dissolved in aqueous solution, ΔHof = - 80.3 kJ mol-1.
b. In some bacteria, glycine is produced from ammonia by the reaction NH3 (aq) + 2CH4 (g) + 5/2 O2 (g) → NH2CH2COOH (s) + 3H2O (l) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the synthesis of glycine from ammonia. For glycine, ΔHof = - 537.2 kJ mol -1. Assume that T = 298 K.
c. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the synthesis of glycine from nitrogen, oxygen, and methane.
Answer:
Explanation:ANd of course,
Δ
H
∘
f
=
0
for an element (here dixoygen) in its standard state
Answer:
a. ΔHr = 696,8 kJ/mol
b. ΔHr = -1164,7 kJ/mol
c. ΔHr = -467,9 kJ/mol
Explanation:
It is possible to obtain the standard enthalpy change of a reaction with the ΔH°f of products - ΔH°f reactants.
a. For the reaction:
N₂(g) + 3H₂O(l) → 2NH₃(aq) + ³/₂O₂(g)
ΔHr = 2ΔH°f NH₃(aq) + ³/₂ΔH°fO₂(g) - (3ΔH°fH₂O(l) + 2ΔH°f N₂(g))
ΔHr = 2×-80,3 kJ/mol + ³/₂×0 - (3×-285,8 kJ/mol + 0)
ΔHr = 696,8 kJ/mol
b. and c. For the reaction:
NH₃(aq) + 2CH₄(g) + ⁵/₂O₂(g) → NH₂CH₂COOH(s) + 3H₂O(l)
ΔHr = ΔH°fNH₂CH₂COOH(s) + 3ΔH°fH₂O(l) - (ΔH°fNH₃(aq) + 2ΔH°fCH₄(g) + ⁵/₂ΔH°fO₂(g))
ΔHr = -537,2kJ/mol + 3×-285,8 kJ/mol - (-80,3 kJ/mol + 2×-74,8kJ/mol+ ⁵/₂×0)
ΔHr = -1164,7 kJ/mol
c. From nitrogen, methane and oxygen the reaction is the sum of reactions of a and b:
N₂(g) + 3H₂O(l) → 2NH₃(aq) + ³/₂O₂(g)
+ NH₃(aq) + 2CH₄(g) + ⁵/₂O₂(g) → NH₂CH₂COOH(s) + 3H₂O(l)
N₂(g) + 2CH₄(g) + O₂(g) → NH₂CH₂COOH(s) + NH₃(aq)
By Hess's law, the ΔHr will be the sum of the ΔHr of the last two reactions, that means:
ΔHr = -1164,7 kJ/mol + 696.8 kJ/mol
ΔHr = -467,9 kJ/mol
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Which of the following statements about organic chemistry is correct? Be careful, there may only be one word incorrect.
a. Organic compounds only contain carbon and hydrogen.
b. In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are written as a group in linear form.
c. Alkanes are a type of organic compound that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms.
d. The different arrangements of alkanes, known as conformations, are the three-dimensional rotation around the double bond.
In "condensed structural formula" each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are written in group in the linear form is correct about organic chemistry.
Option B
Explanation:
"condensed structural formula" is a method of writing or presenting organic structures in line of text. It presents all the atoms, but excludes the vertical bonds and all the horizontal single bonds. In condensed structural formula, or we can say semi-structural formula, covalent bonds are not always presented or shown. When the formula or representation is written in line with covalent bonds being shown, then it is referred to as linear formula. For example- the condensed structural formulas of ethane, propane, and ethanol is written as follows:-
[tex]\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3},\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3},\text { and } \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}[/tex]
Apart from these Statement, all others are false because they do not have any logic with respect to organic chemistry.
The correct statement about organic chemistry is: Alkanes are a type of organic compound that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms.
The correct answer is option C.
a. Organic compounds typically contain carbon and hydrogen, but they can also include other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and more. So, the word "only" in this statement is incorrect.
b. In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are typically written as a group, but the arrangement isn't necessarily linear. It represents a simplified way to depict the structure of organic compounds, but the linear form is not a strict requirement. The statement is generally correct but could be misleading due to the term "linear."
c. Alkanes are a type of organic compound that consists of single bonds between carbon atoms, not multiple bonds. The statement is correct.
d. Conformations in organic chemistry refer to the different three-dimensional arrangements of atoms or groups around single bonds, such as in alkanes. The statement is incorrect because it mistakenly refers to the "double bond," which is not characteristic of alkanes.
In summary, statement (c) is the correct one. Alkanes are indeed organic compounds with only single bonds between carbon atoms. The other statements have minor inaccuracies or incorrect terms that make them less precise or entirely incorrect.
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Consider a voltaic cell where the anode half-reaction is Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2 e− and the cathode half-reaction is Sn2+(aq) + 2 e– → Sn(s). What is the concentration of Sn2+ if Zn2+ is 2.5 × 10−3 M and the cell emf is 0.660 V? The standard reduction potentials are given below Zn+2(aq) + 2 e− Sn2+(aq) + 2 e– →→ Zn(s) Sn(s) E∘red E∘red == −0.76 V −0.136 V Consider a voltaic cell where the anode half-reaction is and the cathode half-reaction is . What is the concentration of if is and the cell emf is 0.660 ? The standard reduction potentials are given below 9.0 × 10−3 M 3.3 × 10−2 M 6.9 × 10−4 M 7.6 × 10−3 M 1.9 × 10−4 M
the concentration of [tex]\(Sn^{2+}\)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\(3.3 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{M}\)[/tex].
To solve this problem, we can use the Nernst equation, which relates the cell potential [tex](\(E_{\text{cell}}\))[/tex] to the standard cell potential [tex](\(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}\))[/tex] and the concentrations of the species involved in the redox reaction:
[tex]\[ E_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} - \frac{0.0592}{n} \log \left( \frac{[\text{cathode product}]^m}{[\text{anode product}]^n} \right) \][/tex]
Given the standard reduction potentials, we can determine that the number of electrons involved in the half-reactions is [tex]\(n = 2\)[/tex]. The given cell potential is [tex]\(E_{\text{cell}} = 0.660 \, \text{V}\)[/tex]. We need to find the concentration of [tex]\(Sn^{2+}\)[/tex].
First, let's write the Nernst equation for the given cell:
[tex]\[ 0.660 \, \text{V} = (E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}) - \frac{0.0592}{2} \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{[\text{Zn}^{2+}]} \right) \][/tex]
We're given the standard reduction potentials, which are [tex]\(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = -0.76 \, \text{V}\)[/tex] for the zinc half-reaction and [tex]\(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = -0.136 \, \text{V}\)[/tex] for the tin half-reaction.
Plugging in the values and solving for [tex]\([\text{Sn}^{2+}]\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ 0.660 \, \text{V} = (-0.76 \, \text{V}) - \frac{0.0592}{2} \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.660 \, \text{V} = (-0.76 \, \text{V}) - 0.0296 \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.660 + 0.76 = 0.0296 \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.0296 \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) = 0.76 + 0.660 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) = \frac{1.42}{0.0296} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \log \left( \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} \right) = 47.973 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \frac{[\text{Sn}^{2+}]}{2.5 \times 10^{-3}} = 10^{47.973} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ [\text{Sn}^{2+}] = (2.5 \times 10^{-3}) \times 10^{47.973} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ [\text{Sn}^{2+}] \approx 3.3 \times 10^{45} \, \text{M} \][/tex]
Therefore, the concentration of [tex]\(Sn^{2+}\)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\(3.3 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{M}\)[/tex].
Be sure to answer all parts. Enter your answers in scientific notation.
The following values are the only allowable energy levels of a hypothetical one-electron atom:
E6 = −2.0×10−19 J
E5 = −7.0×10−19 J
E4 = −11.0×10−19 J
E3 = −15.0×10−19 J
E2 = −17.0×10−19 J
E1 = −20.0×10−19 J
(a) If the electron were in the n = 5 level, what would be the highest frequency (and minimum wavelength) of radiation that could be emitted?
Frequency-
Wavelength-
(b) If the electron were in the n = 1 level, what would be the shortest wavelength (in nm) of radiation that could be absorbed without causing ionization?
Answer:
a) f = 3.02x10¹⁵ s⁻¹, and λ = 99.4 nm.
b) 99.4 nm
Explanation:
a) The energy of radiation is given by:
E = h*f
Where h is the Planck constant (6.626x10⁻³⁴ J.s), and f is the frequency. To have the highest frequency, the energy must be the highest too, because they're directly proportional. So we must use E = -E1 = 20x10⁻¹⁹ J
20x10⁻¹⁹ = 6.626x10⁻³⁴xf
f = 3.02x10¹⁵ s⁻¹
The wavelenght is the velocity of light (3.00x10⁸ m/s) divided by the frequency:
λ = 3.00x10⁸/3.02x10¹⁵
λ = 9.94x10⁻⁸ m = 99.4 nm
b) To have the shortest wavelength, it must be the highest energy and frequency, so it would be the same as the letter a) 99.4 nm.
For which process is ΔS negative? Group of answer choices A. grinding a large crystal of KCl to powder B. raising the temperature of 100 g Cu from 275 K to 295 K C. compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 L to 0.5 D. mixing 5 mL ethanol with 25 mL water E. evaporation of 1 mol of CCl4(l)
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
The entropy (S) is the measure of the randomness of a system, and ΔS = Sfinal - Sinitial. As higher is the disorder of the system, as higher is the entropy.
A. When KCl is fractionated in power, there'll be more portions of it, so, the disorder must be higher, then ΔS is positive.
B. As higher is the temperature, higher is the kinetic energy of the system, and because of that, the disorder is also higher, so ΔS is positive.
C. The decrease in the volume (compression) decreases the distance between the molecules, so the system will be more organized, then ΔS is negative.
D. The volume before the mixing will be higher, and the ethanol will dissociate, so it will be more particles, the disorder will increase, and ΔS is positive.
E. Sgas > Sliquid > Ssolid because of the disorder of the molecules, then ΔS is positive.
Final answer:
The process with a negative change in entropy (ΔS) is compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 L to 0.5 L, as it leads to a decrease in volume and increases the orderliness of the system.
Explanation:
The question asks for which process the change in entropy (ΔS) is negative. Entropy generally refers to the measure of disorder or randomness in a system. A negative ΔS indicates a decrease in entropy, meaning the system becomes more ordered. Considering the options:
A. grinding a large crystal of KCl to powder - Increases disorder by breaking down the crystal structure, so ΔS is positive.
B. raising the temperature of 100 g Cu from 275 K to 295 K - Increases thermal motion and disorder, so ΔS is positive.
C. compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 L to 0.5 L - Decreases the volume and increases order, so ΔS is negative.
D. mixing 5 mL ethanol with 25 mL water - Mixing increases disorder, so ΔS is positive.
E. evaporation of 1 mol of CCl4(l) - Changing from liquid to gas increases disorder, so ΔS is positive.
Therefore, the process with a negative ΔS is C. compressing 1 mol Ne at constant temperature from 1.5 L to 0.5 L.
A student observed that a small amount of acetone sprayed on the back of the hand felt very cool compared to a similar amount of water. Your explanation of this phenomena should be that
A.) All organic compounds do this
B.) Acetone has a lower viscosity and transfers heat quanta better
C.) Water has a higher heat capacity than acetone therefore retaining more heat
D.) The higher vapor pressure of acetone results in more rapid evaporation and heat loss
Answer:
D.) The higher vapor pressure of acetone results in more rapid evaporation and heat loss
Explanation:
Acetone being liquid with very low boiling point and hence can be easily be converted to gaseous state .
And ,
Therefore have higher vapour pressure and as liquid gets converted to gas , the process of evaporation takes place and leads to loss of heat .
Hence , from the given options , the most appropriate option according to given statement of the question is ( d ) .
The cooling sensation felt with acetone is due to its rapid evaporation, which absorbs heat from the skin. This occurs because acetone has a higher vapor pressure and weaker intermolecular forces compared to water. Option D is the correct option.
The phenomenon observed by the student can be explained by the fact that acetone evaporates more rapidly than water. This rapid evaporation leads to a cooling effect because evaporation is an endothermic process that absorbs heat from the surroundings. Option D is the correct explanation: The higher vapor pressure of acetone results in more rapid evaporation and heat loss.
Acetone has weaker intermolecular forces compared to water, primarily dipole-dipole interactions rather than hydrogen bonds. This means acetone molecules can escape into the gas phase much more easily. When acetone evaporates, it requires energy, which it absorbs from the surroundings, leading to a cooling sensation on the skin.
You are running a rather large scale reaction where you prepare the grignard reagent phenylmagnesium bromide by reacting 210.14 grams of magnesium with 772 ml of bromobenzene. How many moles of grignard reagent would you expect to form? (the density of bromobenzene is 1.495 g/ml, Mg = 24.3 g/mol, bromobenzene=157.01 g/mol)
Answer:
We would expect to form 7.35 moles of grignard reagent.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of magnesium = 210.14 grams
Volume bromobenzene = 772 mL
Density of bromobenzene = 1.495 g/mL
Molar mass of Mg = 24.3 g/mol
Molar mass of bromobenzene = 157.01 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
C6H5Br + Mg ⇒ C6H5MgBr
Step 3: Calculate mass of bromobenzene
Mass bromobenzene = density bromobenzene * volume
Mass bromobenzene = 1.495 g/mL * 772 mL
Mass bromobenzene = 1154.14 grams
Step 4: Calculate number of moles bromobenzene
Moles bromobenzene = mass bromobenzene / molar mass bromobenzene
Moles bromobenzene = 1154.14g / 157.01 g/mol
Moles bromobenzene = 7.35 moles
Step 5: Calculate moles of Mg
Moles Mg = 210.14 grams /24.3 g/mol
Moles Mg = 8.65 moles
Step 6: The limiting reactant
The mole ratio is 1:1 So the bromobenzene has the smallest amount of moles, so it's the limiting reactant. It will be completely consumed ( 7.35 moles). Magnesium is in excess, There will react 7.35 moles. There will remain 8.65 - 7.35 = 1.30 moles
Step 7: Calculate moles of phenylmagnesium bromide
For 1 mole of bromobenzene, we need 1 mole of Mg to produce 1 mole of phenylmagnesium bromide
For 7.35 moles bromobenzene, we have 7.35 moles phenylmagnesium bromide
We would expect to form 7.35 moles of grignard reagent.
Cytochromes are critical participants in the electron transport chains used in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How do cytochromes donate and accept electrons?
1) Every cytochrome's iron‑containing heme group accepts electrons from oxygen and donates the electrons to the next cytochrome in the chain.
2) The cytochromes donate electrons excited by photons to other cytochromes that accept electrons as replacements for lost electrons.
3) Cytochromes donate electrons directly to the energy‑carrier molecules and and accept electrons from less electronegative substances.
4) Each cytochrome has an iron‑containing heme group that accepts electrons and then donates the electrons to a more electronegative substance.
Answer:
4) Each cytochrome has an iron‑containing heme group that accepts electrons and then donates the electrons to a more electronegative substance.
Explanation:
The cytochromes are proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups. Cytochromes undergo oxidation and reduction through loss or gain of a single electron by the iron atom in the heme of the cytochrome:
[tex]Cytochrome-Fe²⁺ ⇄ cytochrome-Fe³⁺-e⁻[/tex]
The reduced form of ubiquinone (QH₂), an extraordinarily mobile transporter, transfers electrons to cytochrome reductase, a complex that contains cytochromes b and c₁, and a Fe-S center. This second complex reduces cytochrome c, a water-soluble membrane peripheral protein. Cytochrome c, like ubiquinone (Q), is a mobile electron transporter, which is transferred to cytochrome oxidase. This third complex contains the cytochromes a, a₃ and two copper ions. Heme iron and a copper ion of this oxidase transfer electrons to O₂, as the last acceptor, to form water.
Each transporter "downstream" is more electronegative than its neighbor "upstream"; oxygen is located in the inferior part of the chain. Thus, the electrons fall in an energetic gradient in the electron chain transport to a more stable localization in the electronegative oxygen atom.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a large, highly integrated complex containing many copies of three distinct enzymes. There are five coenzymes involved in its catalytic activity: NAD , FAD, coenzyme A, lipoamide, and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or TDP). The coenzymes can be classified depending on how they participate in an enzymatic reaction.
A coenzyme prosthetic group is tightly bound to the enzyme and remains bound during the catalytic cycle. The original coenzymes are regenerated during the catalytic cycle.
On the other hand, a coenzyme cosubstrate is loosely bound to an enzyme and dissociates in an altered form as part of the catalytic cycle. Its original form is regenerated not by the cycle, but by another enzyme.
Which are coenzyme prosthetics?
1. NAD+
2. TPP or TDP
3. lipoamide
4. FAD
5. coenzyme A
Answer:
The correct answer is a coenzyme cosubstrate is loosely bound to an enzyme and dissociates in an altered form as the part of the catalytic cycle.Its original form is regenerated not by the cycle but by other enzyme.
Explanation:
The prosthetic group of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is
2 TPP or Thymine pyrophosphate.
3 Lipomide.
What problem would arise if the excess acetyl‑CoA were not converted to ketone bodies?
A. Although acetyl‑CoA is not toxic, it inhibits D‑β‑hydroxyacyl‑CoA dehydrogenase.
B. Although acetyl‑CoA is not toxic, it prevents transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria by forming acetyl carnitine.
C. Fatty acid oxidation would stop when all of the CoA is bound as acetyl‑CoA.
D. Formation of acetyl‑CoA requires uptake of a proton, and the increased pH inhibits further oxidation.
Answer:
The correct answer is C fatty acid oxidation would stop when all of the CoA is bound as acetyl CoA.
Explanation:
Acetyl CoA is the principle end product of beta oxidation of even chain fatty acid such as palmitic acid.
When the cellelar label of actyl CoA increases at that time the excess acetyl CoA is converted to ketone bodies by the process called ketogenesis.
According to the question if the excess acetyl CoA is not converted to ketone bodies then it will interfere with the oxidation of fatty acid because fatty acid molecules will not get any CoA SH molecule to activate themselves to initiate a new round of beta oxidation.
As a result fatty acid oxidation will stop.
Answer:
C. Fatty acid oxidation would stop when all of the CoA is bound as acetyl‑CoA.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, due to the fact that the mitochondrial pool of the CoA is short, thus, such cofactor must be recycled from acetyl-CoA through the production of ketone-like bodies. Therefore, the operation of the beta-oxidation pathway is performed, as it is necessary for energy production, in such a way one concludes that fatty acid oxidation would stop when all of the CoA is bound as acetyl‑CoA.
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Identify the final concentrations of each species following the addition of 1.0 M KOH to a 2.0 M HF solution. HF ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) ⟶ KF ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) initial 2.0 M 1.0 M 0 M change final ? ? ?
Answer : The final concentration of KOH, HF and KF are 0 M, 1.0 M and 1.0 M respectively.
Explanation :
The given chemical reaction is:
[tex]HF(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow KF(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]
Initial conc. 2.0 M 1.0 M 0 M
Final conc. 1.0 M 0 M 1.0 M
When 1.0 M of KOH react with 2.0 M HF then 1.0 M KOH will react with 1.0 M HF to form 1.0 M KF and 1.0 M HF remain unreacted.
So, the final solution contains 1.0 M HF and 1.0 M KF that means the solution contains equal amount of weak acid and salt.
Therefore, the final concentration of KOH, HF and KF are 0 M, 1.0 M and 1.0 M respectively.
The final concentration of KOH, HF and KF are 0 M, 1.0 M and 1.0 M respectively.
Chemical reaction:HF ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) ⟶ KF ( aq ) + H₂O ( l )
Initial conc. 2.0 M 1.0 M 0 M
Final conc. 1.0 M 0 M 1.0 M
When 1.0 M of KOH react with 2.0 M HF then 1.0 M KOH will react with 1.0 M HF to form 1.0 M KF and 1.0 M HF remain unreacted. So, the final solution contains 1.0 M HF and 1.0 M KF that means the solution contains equal amount of weak acid and salt.
Therefore, the final concentration of KOH, HF and KF are 0 M, 1.0 M and 1.0 M respectively.
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Carbon can bond to itself to form which of the following?
A)Branched-chain structures
B)Structures with both single and double bonds
C)Cyclic ring structures
D) Structures containing up to six bonds per carbon
B
Carbon has 4 valence electrons that can be involved in the formation of a covalent bond. This is why it can form various types of bonds with itself or other elements. Depending on the number of valence electrons involved in the binding, the bond can be a single, double or triple bond.
Explanation:
Remember the atoms sharing electrons in a covalent bond are aimed at achieving stable electron configuration. Carbon (2.4) being in the middle of the 2nd period seeks to be either 2 or 2.8.
This is why carbon based structures can vary so much due to the large variability in which the carbon atoms can bond. Remember carbon is the same element that forms graphite, diamond, and coal.
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When 18.9 kJ is transferred to a gas sample in a constant volume adiabatic container with a calorimeter constant of 2.22 Kj/K, the temperature of the gas (and the calorimeter) increases by 8.06 K. (a) What is the heat capacity of the sample? (b) If the sample has a mass of 0.5 kilograms, what is the specific heat capacity of the substance? (c) If the sample is Krypton, what is the molar heat capacity at constant volume of Krypton? The molar mass of Krypton is 83.8 grams/mole.
Answer:
(a) Cgas = 0.125 kJ/k
(b) cgas = 0.25kJ/kg.K
(c) cm(gas) = 0.021kJ/mol.K
Explanation:
18.9 kJ is equal to the sum of the heat absorbed by the gas and the heat absorbed by the calorimeter.
Qcal + Qgas = 18.9 kJ [1]
We can calculate the heat absorbed using the following expression.
Q = C . ΔT
where,
C is the heat capacity
ΔT is the change in the temperature
(a) What is the heat capacity of the sample?
From [1],
Ccal . ΔT + Cgas . ΔT = 18.9 kJ
(2.22kJ/K) × 8.06 K + Cgas × 8.06 K = 18.9 kJ
Cgas = 0.125 kJ/k
(b) If the sample has a mass of 0.5 kilograms, what is the specific heat capacity of the substance?
We can calculate the specific heat capacity (c) using the following expression:
[tex]c=\frac{C}{m} =\frac{0.125kJ/K}{0.5kg} =0.25kJ/kg.K[/tex]
(c) If the sample is Krypton, what is the molar heat capacity at constant volume of Krypton? The molar mass of Krypton is 83.8 grams/mole.
The molar heat capacity is:
[tex]\frac{0.25kJ}{kg.K} .\frac{1kg}{1000g} .\frac{83.8g}{mol} =0.021kJ/mol.K[/tex]
Final answer:
The heat capacity of the sample is 2.34 kJ/K. The specific heat capacity of the substance is 4.68 kJ/(kg*K). The molar heat capacity at constant volume of Krypton is 0.0559 kJ/(mol*K).
Explanation:
The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to increase its temperature by 1 degree. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree.
(a) To find the heat capacity of the sample, we can use the equation Q = CΔT, where Q is the amount of heat transferred, ΔT is the change in temperature, and C is the heat capacity. Rearranging the equation, C = Q/ΔT. Plugging in the given values, C = 18.9 kJ / 8.06 K
= 2.34 kJ/K.
(b) To find the specific heat capacity of the substance, we need to know the mass of the sample. Given that the mass is 0.5 kilograms, we can use the equation cs = C/m, where cs is the specific heat capacity, C is the heat capacity, and m is the mass. Plugging in the values, cs = 2.34 kJ/K / 0.5 kg
= 4.68 kJ/(kg*K).
(c) To find the molar heat capacity at constant volume of Krypton, we can use the equation Cm = cs / M, where Cm is the molar heat capacity, cs is the specific heat capacity, and M is the molar mass. Plugging in the values, Cm = 4.68 kJ/(kg*K) / 83.8 g/mol
= 0.0559 kJ/(mol*K).
An atom of 105In has a mass of 104.914558 amu. Calculate the binding energy in MeV per NUCLEON. Enter your answer with 3 significant figures and no units. Use the masses:
mass of 1H atom = 1.007825 amu
mass of a neutron = 1.008665 amu
1 amu = 931.5 MeV
Answer:
8.46
Explanation:
Atomic number : It is defined as the number of electrons or number of protons present in a neutral atom.
Also, atomic number of I = 549
Thus, the number of protons = 49
Mass number is the number of the entities present in the nucleus which is the equal to the sum of the number of protons and electrons.
Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
105 = 49 + Number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = 56
Mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu
Mass of proton = 1.007825 amu
Calculated mass = Number of protons*Mass of proton + Number of neutrons*Mass of neutron
Thus,
Calculated mass = (49*1.007825 + 56*1.008665) amu = 105.868665 amu
Mass defect = Δm = |105.868665 - 104.914558| amu = 0.954107 amu
The conversion of amu to MeV is shown below as:-
1 amu = 931.5 MeV
So, Energy = 0.954107*931.5 MeV/atom = 888.750671 MeV/atom
Also, 1 atom has 105 nucleons (Protons+neutrons)
So, Energy = 888.750671 MeV/105nucleons = 8.46 MeV/nucleon
Answer:- 8.46
The binding energy per nucleon for an atom of 105In is calculated by determining the mass defect, converting it to energy using Einstein's mass-energy equivalence, and dividing by the number of nucleons.
Explanation:To calculate the binding energy per nucleon in MeV for an atom of 105In with a mass of 104.914558 amu, we must first identify the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Indium-105 has 49 protons (since In is the element with atomic number 49), and subtracting this from the mass number 105 gives us 56 neutons. The mass of the protons is 49 x 1.007825 amu, and the mass of the neutrons is 56 x 1.008665 amu.
Next, we calculate the mass defect by subtracting the atomic mass of the 105In from the combined mass of the protons and neutrons. To convert the mass defect into energy, we multiply by 931.5 MeV/amu, according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc2). Lastly, we divide this energy by the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) to find the binding energy per nucleon.
Identify the option that is not a characteristic of esters:
1.They are prepared by reacting acids with alcohols.
2.They each contain a carbonyl group with an attached oxygen atom that is bonded to a carbon substituent.
3.They are responsible for the odors and flavors of many flowers, perfumes, and ripe fruits.
4.They are prepared by reducing alcohols or aldehydes whose -OH functional group is located on the carbon atom in the middle of the carbon chain.
Answer:
Option 4 is not the characteristics of esters
Explanation:
Esters :
They are organic compound derived from an organic or inorganic acid. in which one Hydroxyl (OH) group is replaced by an organic alkoxy (-O-R) group.
General formula of Esters:
Easter can be represented by a general formula that is
RCOOR
where R is any alkyl group
No to look at the characteristics of the Esters an find out the odd one option that is not correct.
Option 1 is the characteristics of esters.
Esters are obtained from the reaction of carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
CH₃COOH + CH₃OH -------------> CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O
Option 2 is the characteristics of esters.
This option is also correct as if we see at its general formula
The carbonyl group attached to an Oxygen atom and this oxygen is attached to carbon of alkyl group
O==C------OR
Option 3 is also the characteristics of esters
The odors and flavors of many flowers, perfumes, and ripe fruits is due to the presence of ester. as ester have now hydrogen bonding and low vapor pressure and highly volatile that's why it is responsible for odors.
Option 4 is not the characteristics of esters
This option is wrong, as the carbon atom in the middle of the carbon chain can not be easy to replace, also the carbonyl carbon is directly attached to oxygen group and not Carbon group.