Answer:
1: two 2: wobble 3: eclipsing
Explanation:
i just took it
The most appropriate word to fill in the blanks in the given sentences are:
I. Two (2).
II. Wobble.
III. Eclipsing.
A star is a giant astronomical or celestial object that contains a luminous sphere of plasma and bounded together by its own gravitational force.
A binary star system refers to a star system that typically comprises two (2) stars and these includes;
Brighter star.Dimmer star.Generally, the dimmer star is easily detectable by astronomers because its gravity causes the bright star to wobble.
Additionally, the dimmer star can be spotted by astronomers through an observation of a phenomenon that is referred to as an eclipsing binary.
An eclipsing binary is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs or takes place when a dim star passes in front of the bright star.
Find more information: https://brainly.com/question/17934476
Which of the following factors improved the North’s economy during the Civil War?
A.
The woolen mills of the North profited from manufacturing army uniforms.
B.
The agriculture of the North thrived by exporting its cotton to Britain.
C.
The industries of the North benefited from a trade ban on products from Europe.
D.
The agriculture of the North improved as the price of food doubled.
Answer:
Explanation:A
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Why do you think the pilgrims wrote the Mayflower compact ?
Explanation: They wrote it because they wanted to establish self-government in the New World.
Answer:
King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
Which of the following describe media in society? Select all that apply.
Always gives full and accurate information
Is suspect
Influences public opinion on a massive scale
Influences policy
Protected by First Amendment rights
Answer:
2 and the last one
Explanation:
Your welcome
How is India today similar to and different from what Gandhi envisioned for the country?
Answer:
Eighty years ago, Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi, writing of the India he envisioned and dedicated his life to building, mused that an ideal village would be one that enjoyed ‘perfect sanitation.’
It was no idle wish. Gandhi had seen the danger caused by inadequate sanitation and hygiene. He had seen the disease and subsequent malnourishment it causes, the lives and wellbeing of millions of Indians, especially children and other vulnerable people. He had also seen the impact of open-defecation on the safety and dignity of women and girls. And he understood that these were not only injuring individuals – they were holding back India’s economic and social progress as well.
Today, as the nation and indeed, the world, celebrate Gandhi’s birthday, his dream of perfect sanitation for India may be closer to becoming a reality than ever before.
Explanation:
Three years ago, the Government of India declared war on open defecation, launching the Swachh Bharat – or Clean India – Mission with the ambitious goal of achieving an open defecation-free India by 2019. In a nation where millions of people still lack basic sanitation and hygiene, the goals of SBM may seem unachievable. But the scale and pace of the progress achieved by the thus far is high.
Already, five States and nearly 250,000 villages in 200 districts have been declared open defecation-free – ODF – with more soon to follow. The increase in sanitation facilities is no less impressive: The Government of India reports that latrine coverage has gone from 39 per cent to over 69 per cent. Every hour, an estimated 3300 toilets are being built in India – nearly one toilet every second.
But it’s not enough to build toilets; people need to use them. For this reason, behaviour change is a centerpiece of the Swachh Bharat Mission. The government and its partners are fielding “sanitation armies” to drive community awareness and action. Bollywood stars and cricket legends have joined the effort – including UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Sachin Tendulkar. Public health initiatives like the UNICEF-supported campaign are breaking through where traditional efforts have failed. In fact, the whole of Indian society is being mobilized to end open defecation.
The Government is leaving nothing to chance. It has put in place a rigorous system to verify not only that a community, district or State is ODF – but that it remains ODF. A recent survey conducted by the Quality Council of India shows that in communities verified as ODF, usage of toilets remained above 91 per cent.
The stakes are very high – and especially for India’s youngest citizens. The World Health Organization estimates that 117,000 Indian children under the age of five died in 2015 from diarrheal diseases caused by unimproved sanitation and hygiene. This represents 22 per cent of the global burden. More than one in three children in India today are , often due to the impact of chronic diarrhea caused by exposure to fecal matter. This affects both their physical and development, undermining their ability to learn and later, to earn a living.
Because ending open-defecation is not only a matter of smart health policy. It is also smart social and economic policy. A 2008 World Bank study showed that the total economic impact of inadequate sanitation in India amounted to US$ 53.8 billion per year – the equivalent of 6.4 per cent of India’s GDP during the same period. UNICEF just completed a study showing that when costs and benefits are compared over a ten-year period, savings realized through improved sanitation exceed costs by 4.3 times – a four-fold return for every rupee spent.
These financial benefits have a direct impact on families. The same UNICEF analysis – based on data from 10,000 households across 12 States – shows that households using a toilet are saving on average around 50,000 rupees (around US$760) per year, realized in medical costs averted, the value of time saved in not needing to seek medical treatment, and the value of deaths averted. For poor rural families in India, this represents a small fortune.
Crucially, the UNICEF study indicates that improving hygiene and sanitation for the poorest households brought the greatest immediate health benefits, since children living in poverty are at the greatest risk of diarrheal diseases, s
and death.
The challenges India still faces to become open-defecation free are substantial. But India is showing that it can be done. And it must. Not only in India, but everywhere that open defecation destroy lives and futures.
If we are serious about realizing the promise of the SDGs, we need to work together to realize Gandhi’s dream – for India and for the world.
Gandhi envisioned an independent India that embraced non-violence and democracy. While India is now independent and democratic, there are differences in terms of development, modernization, and the persistence of the caste system.
Explanation:Gandhi envisioned India as an independent country that practiced non-violence and embraced democracy. He believed in the power of civil disobedience to achieve social goals. However, there are both similarities and differences between what India is today and what Gandhi envisioned.
Similarities:
Independence: India is now an independent country, just as Gandhi intended.Democracy: India has a democratic system of government, which was important to Gandhi.Influence on decolonization and civil rights: Indian ideas and techniques, including non-violence, influenced the course of decolonization and the struggle for civil rights in other countries, such as the United States.Differences:
Development: India has experienced significant development and industrialization, which Gandhi feared would jeopardize the preservation of India's rich history and customs.Modernization: Some Indians embraced industrialization and modernization, while Gandhi advocated for self-sufficiency and self-rule.Caste system: Gandhi sought to eliminate the Hindu caste system, but it still persists in Indian society today, although efforts have been made to address this issue.
What form of persuasion fits this sentence? "I had to stop – he looked so helpless, lying on the ground like that."
Answer:
Pathos
Explanation:
This kind of persuasion appeals to the emotion of the listeners, this includes the use of factors such as love, empathy and anger to influence the emotions of the listeners.
Final answer:
The example of the powerless form of language known as a hesitation is when the speaker begins a statement and stops short, indicating uncertainty or an interruption in thought.
Explanation:
The sentence "Better in body perhaps"—I began, and stopped short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word. is an example of the powerless form of language known as a hesitation. This form of persuasion exhibits a sense of uncertainty or interruption in the speaker's thoughts, which in turn can convey vulnerability or a lack of confidence. In the broader context of persuasive language, hesitations can diminish the speaker's perceived authority or conviction regarding the subject matter.
The Athenian government was a representative democracy.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answer: False.
Explanation: i got my question wrong because of the other guy.
The statement that the Athenian government was a representative democracy is False.
What was Athens like ?The Athenian government was a direct democracy, not a representative democracy. In a direct democracy, all citizens have the right to participate in the government by voting on laws and policies. In a representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
The Athenian government was a direct democracy because all male citizens had the right to participate in the assembly, which was the highest legislative body in Athens. The assembly met regularly to discuss and vote on laws and policies. Citizens could also serve on juries, which were responsible for trying criminal cases.
False is correct.
Find out more on representative democracy at https://brainly.com/question/393401
#SPJ6
TRUE OR FALSE ...... WWII continued for the Americans after Germany surrendered.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answer:
A) True
Explanation:
true or false: The power of state governments grew when the
North won the war.
"The statement The power of state governments grew when the North won the war is false.
When the North, also known as the Union, won the Civil War, the power of the federal government actually increased relative to the state governments. The Civil War (1861-1865) marked a significant shift in the balance of power between the federal government and the states. Prior to the war, the Southern states had often argued for states' rights and the ability to nullify federal laws they found disagreeable. The Confederate states' secession from the Union was the ultimate expression of this belief in states' rights.
However, the victory of the Union forces under President Abraham Lincoln affirmed the supremacy of the federal government and its laws over the states. The war led to the passage of important amendments to the Constitution, including the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, which abolished slavery, granted citizenship to all born or naturalized in the United States, and protected the voting rights of African American men, respectively. These amendments, along with the Civil Rights Acts and other federal legislation, represented a significant expansion of federal authority into areas that had previously been considered the domain of the states, particularly in the realm of civil rights.
Furthermore, the federal government's role in regulating commerce and the economy also expanded during the Reconstruction era and beyond, further solidifying the shift in power from the states to the federal government as a result of the North's victory in the Civil War."
Scientists are able to calculate distances between objects in space by seeing how much
time it takes light to travel between objects.
true or false?
An object whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape, not even light.
Neutron star
Planetary nebula
Supernova
Blackhole
Answer:
probably blackhole
Explanation:
Elections limit the power of which type(s) of government(s)? Select all that apply
A
constitutional monarchy
B constitutional republic
C
dictatorship
Doligarchy
E
totalitaan
Answer:
A constitutional monarchy
B constitutional republic
Explanation:
In constitutional monarchy, the power within the government is shared by the member of the monarch family and the parliament. Election allow the people to select the members of parliament who will fight for their Ernestine. So election basically limit the power of the monarch under this system.
In constitutional republic, people have the power to elect the head of state and the head of the nation. But most of the time, members from different parties are elected to fill in the job. Since these parties tend to have different interest, they will naturally limit each other's influence within the government.
The correct answers are options A) and B). constitutional monarchy, constitutional republic.
Let's briefly explain why these choices are correct:
- Constitutional monarchy: In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution and there are usually elected representatives who hold significant power. Elections ensure that representatives are accountable to the people and can act as a check on the monarch's authority.
- Constitutional republic: As previously explained, in a constitutional republic, elected representatives are held accountable to the constitution and to the electorate through periodic elections. Elections serve as a check on the power of government officials and ensure adherence to constitutional principles.
- Dictatorship: Elections are either absent or manipulated in dictatorships. Genuine elections that reflect the will of the people would undermine the centralized control of power typical in dictatorships.
- Totalitarian: Totalitarian regimes aim to control all aspects of public and private life, and they often use elections as a facade to maintain power rather than as a genuine expression of the people's will. Genuine elections that limit the power of the ruling elite are incompatible with the totalitarian control.
What was the west African culture like?
Answer:
West Africa forms the westernmost region of the African continent. People have occupied the area for thousands of years, and its population is ethnically diverse though culturally relatively similar. The beliefs of native cultures include Islam, Christianity and various traditional African religions.
Explanation:
Answer:
West Africa forms the westernmost region of the African continent. People have occupied the area for thousands of years, and its population is ethnically diverse though culturally relatively similar. The beliefs of native cultures include Islam, Christianity and various traditional African religions.
Explanation:
If Catholic Christianity or Catholicism originated in Europe, what might explain why South America and Europe are both majority Catholic?
They are so because of colonization.
Explanation:
South America was colonized in whole by nations that were strongly catholic.
This is because Spain and Portugal, who were the prime colonizers in the region wanted to spread their culture there as far as possible and their religion was integral to this.
So most of the natives were made to convert to the religion of the colonizer.
This is why the South american regions are all catholic now like Spain and Portugal which have remained catholic too.
Final answer:
Catholic Christianity's majority status in Europe and South America arises from historical colonial efforts by Spain and Portugal and subsequent migration patterns. European tradition maintained Catholic dominance, while Hispanic migration reinforced it in the Americas.
Explanation:
The dominance of Catholic Christianity in both Europe and South America can be traced back to two main historical processes: European colonization and migration. Colonial expansion during the Age of Discovery, especially by Spain and Portugal, led to the widespread conversion to and establishment of Catholicism throughout Latin America. The Spanish and Portuguese, both predominantly Catholic nations, sought not only to expand their empires but also aimed to convert native populations to Catholicism, believing it was their duty to save souls. As a result, Catholicism became deeply rooted there.
Later, patterns of migration continued to spread Catholic Christianity. In Europe, Catholicism remained the majority due to historical establishment and the continuation of tradition. In the Americas, including the United States, contemporary migration patterns from Latin America and historically from Catholic European countries have sustained and increased the presence of Catholic communities. Subsequently, areas with significant Hispanic populations have experienced growth in their Catholic populations, as seen in the U.S. Southwest, while regions with historical European Catholic immigration, such as the Northeast and Midwest, have maintained strong Catholic foundations. This is further evidenced by chain migration, where existing Catholic communities attract new Catholic immigrants, thus preserving and strengthening the religious demographic.
Tasha just received a speeding ticket in DeKalb county. She’s never been in trouble with the law before and is nervous that this speeding ticket will go on her record. Can she vote in the election? Why or why not?
Answer:
she can vote in the election
Explanation:
its not that big of a deal
why do conflicts occur between Muslim nations in the middle east over religious issues?
Answer:
Racism between countries
Question 12
Gambling addictions develop because there is an expectancy of hitting the jackpot. The variability in receiving the reward is known as __________ .
schedule of inhibition
schedule of learning
schedule of extinction
schedule of reinforcemen
Explanation:
the variability in receiving the reward is known as the Schedule reinforcement
Gambling addictions develop because there is an expectancy of hitting the jackpot. The variability in receiving the reward is known as the schedule of reinforcement. The correct option is D.
What is the best schedule of reinforcement?The variable-ratio reinforcement schedule is the most productive and resistant to the extinction of the reinforcement schedules. The fixed interval is the least productive and the most easily extinguished. You change the nature of the reinforcement response to see how it affects behavior. Reinforcement is ongoing. Each response is reinforced.
Reinforcement schedules are the specific rules that are used to present or remove reinforcers or punishers in response to a specified operant behavior. These rules specify the amount of time and/or the number of responses required to present or remove a reinforcer or a punisher.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
Learn more about the schedule of reinforcement here:
https://brainly.com/question/15702305
#SPJ2
Having a conversation with O’Hare in Animal Crossing; New Horizon and he gave me a surprise pop quiz about himself help me please, I don’t want to make him sad
The Question; Which one of these is truly ME?
A. The mohawk wig
B. The wrestling mask
C. The racing helmet
O'Hare from Animal Crossing: New Horizon poses a question asking to choose the item that truly represents him out of three options. None of these items are directly linked to O'Hare's character but based on his personality and past conversations, a best guess can be made.
Explanation:In the game Animal Crossing: New Horizon, different characters have unique preferred items that represent them. These items often reflect their personality or background. In the case of O'Hare, who is a smug rabbit villager, the item that represents him might not be immediately obvious.
Given the options: A. The mohawk wig. B. The wrestling mask. C. The racing helmet - none of these are specifically linked to O'Hare's character in the game. However, the safest choice would be to choose the option that best aligns with his personality or interests.
Although it's ultimately a guess, it's essential to pay attention to previous conversations with O'Hare and remember any clues regarding his likes and dislikes in order to make an informed decision.
Learn more about Animal Crossing: New Horizon here:https://brainly.com/question/32815160
#SPJ2
In Animal Crossing: New Horizon, for the surprise pop quiz from O'Hare, the answer that truly represents him is B. The wrestling mask aligns with his jock personality.
Explanation:In the game, Animal Crossing: New Horizon, O’Hare is a rabbit villager with a smug personality. In relation to the surprise pop quiz, the answer that truly represents O’Hare would be B. The wrestling mask. This item aligns with his jock personality in the game, which involves a love for sports and physical activity. Other options like the mohawk wig or the racing helmet do not necessarily match O'Hare's personality or preferences.
Learn more about Animal Crossing: New Horizon here:https://brainly.com/question/32815160
#SPJ2
What was the role of women in ancient Roman society?
Answer:
Roman women had a very limited role in public life. They could not attend, speak in, or vote at political assemblies and they could not hold any position of political responsibility. ... Typical jobs undertaken by such women were in agriculture, markets, crafts, as midwives and as wet-nurses.
Explanation:
What was a major result of the Reformation?
When the earth completes a full orbit around the sun it has completed ____ rotations or days
Answer:
365
Explanation:
Earth completes a full orbit around the sun in approximately 365.2422 days or rotations. This is based on the gradual eastward shift of the sun's position relative to the stars, and the rotation of the earth about its axis in its orbit. The sun also rotates, but its rotation is not rigid and varies with latitude.
Explanation:The Earth completes a full orbit around the sun, which is also called a tropical year, in approximately 365.2422 days. This means that it has completed 365.2422 rotations or days. This figure is derived from the gradual eastward shift of the position of the sun in the celestial sphere relative to the stars, which is about 1° per day. Therefore, one complete rotation of the earth relative to the stars, combined with its orbital motion around the sun, results in what we recognize as one day.
By recording the apparent motions of sunspots as the sun rotates, Galileo demonstrated in 1612 that the Sun rotates on its axis with a rotation period of approximately 1 month. However, this rotation is not rigid like the earth's, and it varies according to latitude. On the equator, the rotation period is about 25 days.
Learn more about Earth's Orbit and Rotation here:https://brainly.com/question/33961535
#SPJ2
How did the Europeans get to Texas?
Answer:
they led an expedition
Explanation:
Alvarez de Pineda led an expedition in 1520 and created the first map of the Nothern Gulf Coast
Europeans first arrived in Texas through Spanish explorations from Mexico, driven by the pursuit of wealth and religious conversions. Other Germans and Europeans later migrated to Texas in the 17th century while dealing with financial depression, contributing to population growth. Mid-19th century also saw the arrival of American slaveholders bringing enslaved Africans to Texas.
Explanation:Europeans first arrived in Texas primarily through Spanish explorations coming up from Mexico in search of both wealth and opportunities for religious conversion. Desiring riches, like the gold they had found in their South and East Asia expeditions, they were also motivated by a religious zeal to convert indigenous populations to Catholicism. The Spanish were equipped with superior navigational technologies derived from the Middle East, which aided their journeys.
In the 17th century, other Europeans, including Germans, also started to arrive in Texas, contributing to a dramatic population increase. These settlers, dealing with financial depression and motivated by the prospect of a fresh start, flocked to what was then known as the 'Lone Star Republic'.
Lastly, in the mid-19th century, American slaveholders brought enslaved Africans to Texas contributing further to its growth and changing demographic landscape. The translocation of various European livestock, such as cattle including longhorns, also occurred during this period, painting a comprehensive picture of European arrival in Texas.
Learn more about European Arrival in Texas here:https://brainly.com/question/15314336
#SPJ12
I Need Help On this Question- How did The Roaring Twenties change youth culture and how does the “Flapper” exemplify the social and cultural changes that took place during the 1920’s?
Answer:
In the 1920s, united states experienced a very prosperous period along with additional rights that guaranteed more freedom for women. More families able to obtain enough money and send their children to pursue higher education. This lead to a situation where the youth's culture started to transitioned from a traditionalist/heavily religious mindset into a more progressive and modern mindset.
At that time , the term "Flapper" was used to depict women with short bob hair that dance around while flapping their hands along with jazz music.
This exemplify the increase in social freedom that women experienced at that time. Rather than being forced to conform to feminine value (long hair, reserved attitude) they were allowed to became more free and pursue their own passion.
what is happening in the US national debt ??
Answer:
How is us in debt?
About two-thirds is debt held by the public. 1 The government owes this to buyers of U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, including individuals, companies, and foreign governments. The remaining third is intragovernmental debt.
Explanation:
(happy to help)
The US national debt, the total amount owed by the U.S. government to its creditors, has been continually increasing and is currently exceeding $28 trillion. This increase has partly resulted from substantial government spending amid the COVID-19 pandemic. While a high national debt can lead to economic instability, its impact is nuanced due to the dollar's status as the world's reserve currency.
Explanation:The US national debt refers to the total amount of money that the U.S. federal government owes to creditors, both external and internal. This debt has continually grown over several decades due to spending that outstrips revenue. In recent times, the national debt levels have dramatically increased due to significant government spending to stimulate the economy amidst the impacts of COVID-19.
As of now, the US national debt is at an all-time high, surpassing $28 trillion. This amount is more than the country's annual economic output, which makes it a significant issue. Although high levels of debt can lead to economic instability, the impact of the US national debt is nuanced because the dollar serves as the world's reserve currency. However, continual increases in the debt level and interest payments could impact future generations and raise long-term sustainability issues for the U.S. economy
Learn more about US national debt here:https://brainly.com/question/34762079
#SPJ12
24. Who traveled throughout the Roman empire to spread the Christian faith
Answer: The apostle Paul
Explanation:
How did colonial governments benefit from Mexico and Central America?
Answer:
They received a share of the wealth from the colonies.
Explanation:
Colonizers put taxes on their colonies making them more wealthy.
Dear Ms. Martinez:
I received your name from Janice Duncan in the Career Services office at Albany University. As a senior
graduating this coming May, I am greatly interested in careers using my economics degree. As an alumna of AU
who also majored in economics, I am hoping that you could share your insight and knowledge about your own
career path with me.
Which type of cover letter would the above excerpt come from?
a. Prospecting cover letter
b. Networking cover letter
Application cover letter
d. Follow up cover letter
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Networking cover letter type of cover letter would the above excerpt come from
What is the letter?A letter is a written communication that is printed or handwritten on paper. Although it is not a necessity in and of itself, it is typically mailed or delivered to the addressee in an envelope. Any such message sent by mail is a letter, a written exchange of ideas between two people.
Maintain professionalism while speaking in a kind manner. Since this is a networking letter, you must explain how you came into contact with the company. The reader will be better able to assist you by providing career opportunities as a result of this.
A networking letter is a type of communication in which a professional requests introductions, job leads, and referrals. They distribute these letters to other business people in their network in the hopes that one of them can provide aid with their job search.
Therefore, The above excerpt would appear in a networking cover letter, so choice (B) is appropriate.
Learn more about the letter here:
https://brainly.com/question/17186969
#SPJ2
Napisz list do Harpagona, w którym przekonasz go, że pieniądze to nie wszystko, a jego zachowanie budzi nie podziw, a politowanie.
Answer:
Harpagón: On jest głównym bohaterem i jest ojcem Cleanto i Elisy. Harpagon jest „skąpcem”, w opowiadaniu ma pudełko, w którym trzyma swoje pieniądze, o których ma obsesję. Jest stary, samolubny i nie przywiązuje dużej wagi do swoich dzieci. Jest zakochany w młodej dziewczynie o imieniu Mariana, z którą zamierza się ożenić.
Explanation:
List do Harpagona.
Drogi i szanowany Pan Harpagon:
Widziałem i byłem świadkiem twojego niepokoju o pieniądze i władzę, a także bogactwa, które udało ci się zgromadzić przez całe życie, ale znam także twoją rodzinę, a zwłaszcza twoje dzieci, które odczuły dla ciebie szczególne przywiązanie; Ale widziałem również twój smutek i stopniowo życie rodzinne się kończy, pieniądze, chociaż są konieczne i pozwalają nam przetrwać, w końcu nie są wszystkim w naszym życiu. W przypadku, gdy się starzejesz „Czy mogliby nawet dać mu szklankę wody z pigułką? Czy pieniądze w zimną i ciemną noc mogą mu towarzyszyć i przytulić go?” W najtrudniejszych chwilach naszego życia potrzebujemy towarzystwa, słów zachęty i zachęty. Aby zaspokoić te potrzeby emocjonalne i towarzyskie, wystarczy trochę pieniędzy, aby przeżyć i cieszyć się towarzystwem naszej rodziny i przyjaciół, aby być więcej niż szczęśliwym.
What was the reason for the meeting between Lee and Grant at McCLlean House in Appomattox?
Answer:
Lee had rejected the idea to start a guerrilla war because it would cause more pain and suffering for a lost cause. Grant proposed terms of surrender and he received what he asked for. It has been called “The Gentlemen’s Agreement”
One of the main responsibilities of members of Congress is:
A. Understanding the values of the people they represent.
B. Setting up districts through through gerrymandering.
C. Signing bills into law after they are passed.
D. Deciding whether laws are constitutional.
Answer:
I believe the answer to be A, Understanding the values of the people they represent.
Explanation:
What type of energy transformation is ocuring in this closed series circuit?