A certain half-reaction has a standard reduction potential . an engineer proposes using this half-reaction at the anode of a galvanic cell that must provide at least of electrical power. the cell will operate under standard conditions. note for advanced students: assume the engineer requires this half-reaction to happen at the anode of the cell.

Answers

Answer 1

An electrochemical cell are of two types 1) Chemical 2) concentration

For the present application, since the engineer requires this half-reaction to happen at the anode of the cell, chemical cell must be preferred. Further since, the engineer required, the emf of cell equal to half cell reaction, the counter electrode/electrolyte that can be used is Pt/H2/H+. It must be noted that std reduction potential of this electrode is 0v. It must also be noted that, engineer requires this half-reaction to happen at the anode of the cell. Oxidation occurs at anode compartment. Hence, the remaining half cell should comprise of chemical, whose std. oxidation potential is higher than that of Pt/H2/H+ or std. reduction potential is less that that of Pt/H2/H+. For, this purpose, those chemicals must be chosen, which are placed below H2/H+ in electrochemical series. If this material is of the form X/X+, the cell representation of the overall electrochemical cell is
X/X+//H+/H2/Pt

Related Questions

An element's atomic number is the _____?

Answers

number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

An element's atomic number is the protons with positive charge from the nucleus atom.

Hope it helped you.

-Charlie

List the number of each type of atom on the left side of the equation hbr(aq)+2naoh(aq)→2nabr(s)+h2o(l)

Answers

In this unbalanced chemical reaction, on the left side, there are:
1) three hydrogen atoms, one in molecule HBr and two in two molecules of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
2) one bromine atom (Br) in hydrobromic acid (HBr).
3) two sodium atoms (Na) in two molecules of NaOH.
4) two oxygen atoms in two melecules of sodium hydroxide.

The left side of the equation HBr(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) includes a total of three hydrogen (H) atoms, one bromine (Br) atom, two sodium (Na) atoms, and two oxygen (O) atoms.

To list the number of each type of atom on the left side of the chemical equation [tex]HBr(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow 2NaBr(s) + H_2O(l)[/tex], we first need to identify each atom present in the reactants. For HBr, we have one hydrogen (H) atom and one bromine (Br) atom. Then, for 2NaOH, since it has a coefficient of two, we count two sodium (Na) atoms, two oxygen (O) atoms, and two hydrogen (H) atoms. Therefore, the total count of each type of atom on the left side is:

Hydrogen (H) atoms: 1 (from HBr) + 2 (from NaOH) = 3Bromine (Br) atoms: 1 (from HBr)Sodium (Na) atoms: 2 (from NaOH)Oxygen (O) atoms: 2 (from NaOH)

What volume does 43.5 g of n2 occupy at stp? (r = 0.08206 l⋅atm/mol⋅k)?

Answers

Answer is: volume of nitrogen is 34.72 liters.
m(N₂) = 43.5 g.
n(N₂) = m(N₂) ÷ M(N₂).
n(N₂) = 43.5 g ÷ 28 g/mol.
n(N₂) = 1.55 mol, amount of substance.
T = 273 K, standard temperature.
p = 1 atm, standard pressure.
R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K, universal gas constant.
Ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T.

V = n·R·T / p.
V(N₂) = 1.55 mol · 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K · 273 K / 1.00 atm.
V(O₂) = 34.72 L.

we are going to use this formula:

PV= n RT

when at STP

p is the pressure = 1 atm

and n is the moles = mass /molar mass = 43.5 g /28g/mol

= 1.56 moles

R is the ideal gas constant = 0.0821

and T is a temperature in Kelvin = 273 K

by substitution, we will get V (the volume)

1 atm * V = 1.56 moles* 0.0821 *273K

∴ V = 34.96 L

Ammonium nitrite undergoes decomposition to produce only gases as shown below. nh4no2(s) → n2(g) + 2h2o(g) how many liters of gas will be produced by the decomposition of 32.0 g of nh4no2 at 525°c and 1.5 atm?

Answers

From the given balanced reaction equation:

we can see that every 1 mole of NH4NO2 will produce 1 mole of N2 and when the water also on the gas phase so, every 1 mole of NH4NO2 will produce 3 moles of gas

now we need to get number of moles of NH4NO2 = mass/molar mass
when the mass = 32 g and the molar mass of NH4NO2 = 64 mol/g

∴moles of NH4NO2 = 32 g / 64 mol/g = 0.5 mole

so, the moles that produced of gas will be = 3 * 0.5 = 1.5 moles

now, we can use the ideal gas formula to get V:

PV = nRT

when P is the pressure = 1.5 atm

n is the number of moles = 1.5 moles

R is the ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K

and T is the temperature in Kelvin = 525 °C + 273 = 798 K

so by substitution:

1.5 atm * V = 1.5 moles * 0.0821 * 798 K

∴ V = 65.5 L

Final answer:

Approximately 32.77 liters of gas will be produced by the decomposition of 32.0 g of NH4NO2 at 525°c and 1.5 atm.

Explanation:

Decomposition of 32.0g of NH₄NO₂ can be calculated by using the Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n number of moles, R the gas constant and T temperature. Given the molar mass of NH₄NO₂ is about 64.04 g/mol, we divide 32.0g by 64.04 g/mol to get 0.5 moles of NH₄NO₂ The reaction of NH₄NO₂ decomposing to N₂ and H₂O shows that for every 1 mole of NH₄NO₂ , 1 mole of N₂ and 2 moles of H2O are produced. Thus, in total, by decomposing 0.5 moles of NH₄NO₂ we produce 0.5 * 3 = 1.5 moles of gases at 525 °C and 1.5 atm.

Applying these values into the Ideal Gas Law, substituting R for the value of 0.0821 (when pressure is in atm, volume in L, and T in kelvin), and noting that 525°C is equivalent to 798.15 K (273.15 + 525 = 798.15), we get V = (1.5*0.0821*798.15)/1.5. By solving this, we get the volume of gasses to be approximately 32.77 liters.

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What body of water is located between 30°N and 40°N latitude of africa

Answers

Final answer:

The Mediterranean Sea is the body of water between 30°N and 40°N latitude of Africa, bordering countries such as Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia.

Explanation:

The body of water located between 30°N and 40°N latitude of Africa is the Mediterranean Sea. This sea is situated to the north of the African continent and it borders several African countries including Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia within the specified latitudinal range. To its north are southern European countries, and to the east, it connects with the Middle East. The Nile River, one of the longest rivers in the world, empties into the Mediterranean Sea after flowing north through Egypt.

Calculate the energy transferred in joules when 29.5g of liquid water decreases from 14c to 0.0c

Answers

The energy transferred in joules is calculated using the below formula

Q(heat energy) = M(mass) x C (specific heat capacity ) x delta T(change in temperature
delta T = 0. 0c- 14 c = -14 c
M= 29.5 g
C of water is always = 4.18 j/g/c

= 29.5 g x -14 c x 4.18 j/g/c =-1726.34 joules are needed when 29.5 g of liquid water decrease from 14 c to 0.0 C

Ionic bonds are stronger, and one atom gives an electron to the other atom.

True
False

Answers

True, ionic bonds are known to be the type of bond where one atom gives it's electron(s) to the other atom causing the one that gave the electron to become positively charged and the one to receive the atom negatively charged.

The half-life of a particular element is 280 days. what is its decay constant?

Answers

The formula for decay is
                                      N' = Ne^(-kt)
with N as the initial amount, k as the decay constant, and N' as the final amount. For decay, 280 days is the time it takes for the initial amount N to decay to 1/2N (half its original mass).
                                 1/2A = Ae^(-280k)
                                 1/2    =   e^(-280k)
Solving for k, we will yield
   ln(1/2) = -280k
                                          k = ln(2) / 280 day^-1
                                          k ≈ 2.5 × 10^-3 day^-1

A 50.0-ml volume of 0.15 m hbr is titrated with 0.25 m koh. calculate the ph after the addition of 14.0 ml of koh. express your answer numerically.

Answers

Final answer:

To find the pH after adding 14.0 mL of 0.25 M KOH to 50.0 mL of 0.15 M HBr, calculate the excess HBr and then use its concentration to determine the pH, assuming HBr dissociates completely as it's a strong acid.

Explanation:

To calculate the pH after the addition of 14.0 mL of 0.25 M KOH to 50.0 mL of 0.15 M HBr, we first need to determine if the reaction has reached the equivalence point. The millimoles of HBr initially present are calculated by multiplying the volume in liters by the molarity: 50.0 mL x 0.15 M = 7.5 mmol. Then, calculate the millimoles of KOH added: 14.0 mL x 0.25 M = 3.5 mmol.

Since we have more HBr than KOH, HBr is in excess and KOH is the limiting reactant. The excess amount of HBr is 7.5 mmol - 3.5 mmol = 4.0 mmol. The pH is determined by the concentration of the remaining HBr. To find this concentration, we take the remaining mmol of acid and divide by the total volume of the solution in liters (original acid solution plus the volume of KOH added).

The total volume after the addition of KOH is 50.0 mL + 14.0 mL = 64.0 mL or 0.064 L. The concentration of HBr is 4.0 mmol / 0.064 L. Now, convert mmol to mol by dividing by 1000, resulting in 4.0 x 10-3 mol / 0.064 L. Since HBr is a strong acid, it dissociates completely in water. The pH can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is the concentration of hydronium ions, which is equal to the concentration of HBr.

Therefore, the pH is -log(4.0 x 10-3 / 0.064 L). Calculate this value to get the pH of the solution after the addition of 14.0 mL of KOH.

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A compound contains 46.7% nitrogen and 53.3% oxygen by mass. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

Answers

The empirical formula of a compound that contain 46.7 % nitrogen and 53.3% oxygen is calculated as below

find the moles of each element
that is , mole =% composition/molar mass
nitrogen (N)=46.7 / 14=3.33 moles

oxygen (O)=53.3 / 16 = 3.33 moles

divide each mole with the smallest number of mole to get the mole ratio that is 3.33 moles

nitrogen (N) = 3.33/3.33 = 1
oxygen(O) = 3.33/3.33 =1

therefore the empirical formula = NO

This tea kettle shows a change in the state of matter of water. Which part of the water cycle represents the same change in state?

Answers

Puddled water freezes to form ice.

Answer:

The answer to the question you asked, "This tea kettle shows a change in the state of matter of water. Which part of the water cycle represents the same change in state?", is D. Lake water evaporates into the atmosphere.

Explanation:

The process of evaporation refers to the changing state of water from liquid to gaseous (vapor) state.

In the given condition, a tea kettle is placed, where the water evaporates due to the increased amount of heat provided to it. This allows the water to evaporate into the atmosphere forming water vapor.

One of the cases that shows a similar changing state of water is the evaporation of the lake water due to the high absorption of solar energy, that releases water vapor into the atmosphere.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

Calculate the mass of Octane needed to release 6.20 mol Co2

Answers

Final answer:

To find the mass of octane required to produce 6.20 mol CO2, we use the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction and the molar mass of octane, resulting in a requirement of 88.56 grams of octane.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of octane (C8H18) needed to produce 6.20 mol CO2, we first need the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of octane:

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

This equation tells us that 2 moles of octane produce 16 moles of CO2. From this, we can find the molar ratio between octane and CO2, which is 2 moles of octane per 16 moles of CO2, or 1 mole of octane for every 8 moles of CO2.

Next, we use the molar mass of octane, which is 114.23 g/mol (C=12.01 g/mol x 8 + H=1.008 g/mol x 18). Given that we have 6.20 moles of CO2, we can calculate the moles of octane needed:

6.20 mol CO2 x (1 mol C8H18 / 8 mol CO2) = 0.775 mol C8H18

Finally, we convert moles of octane to mass:

0.775 mol C8H18 x 114.23 g/mol = 88.56 g C8H18

Therefore, 88.56 grams of octane are needed to produce 6.20 moles of CO2.

What volume of hydrogen will be produced at STP by the reaction of 78.33 g of aluminum with excess water

Answers

the balanced equation for the above reaction is
2Al + 6H₂O ---> 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂
stoichiometry of Al to H₂ is 2:3
number of Al moles reacted - 78.33 g / 27 g/mol = 2.901 mol
according to molar ratio
2 mol of Al forms - 3 mol of H₂
therefore 2.901 mol of Al - forms 3/2 x 2.901 = 4.352 mol

molar volume states that 1 mol of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L at STP
if 1 mol occupies 22.4 L
then 4.352 mol occupies - 22.4 L/mol x 4.352 mol = 97.48 L
volume occupied by H₂ is 97.48 L

Final answer:

The reaction of 78.33 g of aluminum with excess water will produce approximately 97.44 L of hydrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Explanation:

The reaction of aluminum with water produces hydrogen gas. To determine the volume of hydrogen that will be produced, you have to use stoichiometry.

Firstly, we need to convert the mass of aluminum to moles of aluminum using its atomic mass (26.98 g/mol). So, 78.33 g Al * (1 mol Al / 26.98 g Al) = ~2.90 moles of Al.

Secondly, we use the balanced chemical reaction for the reaction of aluminum with water, which is 2Al + 6H2O -> 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2. This shows us that for every 2 moles of Al reacted, 3 moles of H2 are produced.

Therefore, if we have 2.90 moles of Al, it would produce (2.90 moles Al * 3 moles H2 / 2 moles Al) = ~4.35 moles of H2.

Finally, at STP conditions, 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L. Therefore, 4.35 moles of H2 will occupy (4.35 moles H2 * 22.4 L/mol) = 97.44 L of H2.

So, the reaction of 78.33 g of aluminum with excess water will produce approximately 97.44 L of hydrogen gas at STP.

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Which formula represents an organic compound?cah2c4h8h2o2p2o5?

Answers

Answer is: C₄H₈.
C₄H₈ is hydrocarbon, organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
CaH₂ (calcium hydride) is alkaline earth hydride, inorganic compound.
H₂O₂(hydrogen peroxide) is pale blue, clear, inorganic liquid.
P₂O₅ (phosphorus pentoxide) is white, crystalline solid inorganic compound.

Final answer:

C4H8 is the formula that represents an organic compound among the given options because it contains both carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Explanation:

To determine which formula represents an organic compound, we must identify a compound containing carbon (C) with some hydrogen (H). Typically, organic compounds have carbon-hydrogen bonds and often contain other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

Looking at the options provided:

CAH2 - Calcium hydride, an inorganic compound.

C4H8 - This is a hydrocarbon with four carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms, which is characteristic of an organic compound.

H2O2 - Hydrogen peroxide, an inorganic compound.

P2O5 - Diphosphorus pentoxide, an inorganic compound.

Therefore, C4H8 is the formula that represents an organic compound, as it consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms, meeting the criteria for organic chemistry.

A percent composition analysis yields 46.7% nitrogen and 53.3% oxygen. What is the empirical formula for the compound

Answers

empirical formula is the simplest ratio of whole numbers of components in a compound
calculating for 100 g of compound
N O
mass 46.7 g 53.3 g
number of moles 46.7 g / 14 g/mol 53.3 g / 16 g/mol
= 3.33 = 3.33
divide by the least number of moles
3.33/ 3.33 = 1.00 3.33/3.33 = 0
number of atoms
N - 1
O - 1
therefore empirical formula is NO

Answer:NO

Explanation:

it just is

What is the percent of MgSO4 in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate?

48.83 %
51.17 %
95.43 %
86.98 %

Answers

Molecular weight of MgSO4.7H2O is = 246.47 g
Molecular weight of MgSO4 is = 120.36 g

Hence, per cent of MgSO4 present in MgSO4.7H2O is,
=[tex] \frac{\text{Molecular weight of MgSO4}}{\text{Molecular weight of MgSO4.7H2O}} [/tex] X 100
= [tex] \frac{120.36}{246.47} [/tex] X 100
= 48.83 %

Answer:

48.83

Explanation:

on edge

Helium gas has a molar mass of 4 g/mol. oxygen gas has a molar mass of 32 g/mol. how much faster or slower would helium effuse than oxygen from a small opening

Answers

According to Graham's Law of Diffusion,"the rates of diffusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square root of their Molar masses or Densities at the same pressure and temperature".

r₁ / r₂ =  [tex] \sqrt{M2 / M1} [/tex]
Where,
r₁ = Rate of Helium

r₂ = Rate of Oxygen

M₂ = Molar mass of Oxygen = 32 g/mol

M₁ = Molar mass of Fluorine = 4 g/mol

Putting values,

r₁ / r₂ =  [tex] \sqrt{32 / 4} [/tex]

r₁ / r₂ =  [tex] \sqrt{8} [/tex]

r₁ / r₂ = 2.82
Result:
Helium gas effuses 2.82 times faster than Oxygen gas.

Why is the molar solubility of silver chloride lower in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate than in pure water?

Answers

Answer is: because silver cations are common ions in both chemical dissociation in water for this salts, so silver cations shift dissociation od silver chloride to the ledt according Le Chatelier's principle.
Chemical reaction (dissociation) of silver chloride in water:
AgCl(s) → Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq).
Chemical reaction (dissociation) pf silver nitrate in water:
AgNO₃ → Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq).

write the proper word equation to express the following chemical reaction: 3Li (s) + AuCI3 (aq) -> 3LiCI (aq) + Au(s)

Answers

word equation -
3 mol of solid lithium reacts with 1 mol of aqueous gold trichloride to form 3 mol of aqueous lithium chloride and 1 mol of solid gold.
this is a single displacement reaction.
Li is placed above Au in the reactivity series. Therefore Li is more reactive than Au. Since Li is more reactive than Au it can displace Au from the compound AuCl₃.
Therefore its called a single displacement since Li displaces Au from its compound and takes the place of Au and make a new compound AuCl₃.

The osmotic pressure of a solution formed by dissolving 45.0 mg of aspirin (c9h8o4) in enough water to make 0.250 l of solution at 25°c is ________ atm

Answers

Answer is: osmotic pressure of aspirin is 0.025 atm.
m(C₉H₈O₄) = 45.0 ÷ 1000 mg/g = 0.045 g.
n(C₉H₈O₄) = m(C₉H₈O₄) ÷ M(C₉H₈O₄).
n(C₉H₈O₄) = 0.045 g ÷ 180 g/mol.
n(C₉H₈O₄) = 0.00025 mol.
c(C₉H₈O₄) = n(C₉H₈O₄) ÷ V(solution).
c(C₉H₈O₄) = 0.00025 mol ÷ 0.25 L.
c(C₉H₈O₄) = 0.001 M.
T = 25°C = 298.15 K.
R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K, universal gas constant.
p = c · R · T.
p = 0.001 mol/L · 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K · 298.15 K.
p = 0.025 atm.

Final answer:

The osmotic pressure of the solution can be calculated using the formula Π = MRT. First, convert the mass of aspirin to moles, then calculate the molarity by dividing the moles by the volume. Finally, calculate the osmotic pressure using the molarity, ideal gas constant, and temperature.

Explanation:

The osmotic pressure of a solution can be calculated using the formula:

Π = MRT

Where Π is the osmotic pressure, M is the molarity of the solution, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

In this case, we are given the mass of aspirin and need to calculate the molarity to determine the osmotic pressure.

First, we need to convert the mass of aspirin to moles:

45.0 mg x (1 g/1000 mg) x (1 mol/180.16 g) = 0.000249 mol

Next, we need to calculate the molarity:

M = moles/volume = 0.000249 mol/0.250 L = 0.000996 M

Finally, we can calculate the osmotic pressure:

Π = (0.000996 M)(0.0821 L. atm/mol. K)(298 K) = 0.0246 atm

Define solubility (in science)

Answers

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.

A 100.0 ml sample of 0.10 m ca(oh)2 is titrated with 0.10 m hbr. determine the ph of the solution after the addition of 400.0 ml hbr. the chemical equation is below. ca(oh)2 (aq) + 2hbr (aq) → cabr2 (aq) + h20 (l)

Answers

the balanced equation for the reaction is as follows;
Ca(OH)₂ + 2HBr --> CaBr₂ + 2H₂O
stoichiometry of Ca(OH)₂ to HBr is 1:2
number of Ca(OH)₂ moles reacted - 0.10 mol/L x 0.1000 L = 0.010 mol
Number of HBr moles added - 0.10 mol/L x 0.4000 = 0.040 mol
1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ needs 2 mol of HBr for neutralisation
therefore 0.010 mol of Ca(OH)₂ needs - 0.010 x 2 = 0.020 mol of HBr to be neutralised
but 0.040 mol of HBr has been added therefore number of moles of HBr in excess - 0.040 - 0.020 = 0.020 mol
then pH of the medium can be calculated using the excess H⁺ ions
HBr is a strong acid therefore complete ionization
[HBr] = [H⁺]
[H⁺] = 0.020 mol / (100.0 + 400.0 mL)
= 0.020 mol / 0.5 L
= 0.040 mol/L
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = - log [0.040 M]
pH = 1.40
pH of the medium is 1.40

When the hydroxyl group, like in the image below, is attached to a carbon compound, the organic compound is a(n)

A hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom, which is covalently bonded to a carbon in the carbon chain.

carboxylic acid.
alcohol.
ether.
ketone.

Answers

Answer:
The organic compound is an Alcohol.

Explanation:
Alcohol are class of organic compounds which are derived from water molecule. When one hydrogen atom in water molecule is replaced by an alkyl group it forms alcohols. i.e.

H-O-H + R → R-O-H + H

In above equation, R-O-H is the general formula of alcohols.

Examples:
CH₃-O-H Methanol

CH₃-CH₂-O-H Ethanol

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-O-H Propanol

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-O-H Butanol

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-O-H Pentanol

The coolest and dimmest space objects emit radiation of longer wavelengths than those we can see. A detector for which type of electromagnetic radiation is most suitable to study cool dim stars?

Answers

Answer: Infrared detectors.

Explanation:

1) Remember the relation between the wavelength and the frequency: they are inversely related. The longer the wavelength the higher the frequency.

2) Infrared radiaton is the electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelength than the visible light and is next to it in the spectrum.

3) Infrared detectors use the properties of some materials to detect the infrared light (waves) either by their effect in the temperature or by capturing the photons emitted by the object analyzed.

4) The effects that are most used to analyze the radiaton are 1) that the change of temperature induces changes in resistance (thermal detectors) and 2) the photons excite the atoms (photodetectors).

Answer:

infared detectors

Explanation:

Ethyl acetate is a sweet-smelling solvent used in varnishes and fingernail polish remover. it is produced industrially by heating acetic acid and ethanol together in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is added to speed up the reaction. the ethyl acetate is distilled off as it is formed. the equation for the process is as follows.

Answers

Final answer:

Ethyl acetate is a solvent used in varnishes and nail polish remover, and it is produced by heating acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. It is also used to extract caffeine from coffee and to remove nail polish and paint.

Explanation:

Ethyl acetate is a sweet-smelling solvent used in varnishes and fingernail polish remover. It is produced industrially by heating acetic acid and ethanol together in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is added to speed up the reaction. The ethyl acetate is distilled off as it is formed.

Ethyl acetate (CH, CO₂C₂H5) is the solvent in many fingernail polish removers and is used to decaffeinate coffee beans and tea leaves. It is prepared by reacting ethanol (C₂H5OH) with acetic acid (CH₂CO₂H); the other product is water. A small amount of sulfuric acid is used to accelerate the reaction, but the sulfuric acid is not consumed and does not appear in the balanced chemical equation.

Esters are common solvents. Ethyl acetate is used to extract organic solutes from aqueous solutions-for example, to remove caffeine from coffee. It also is used to remove nail polish and paint.

How many different isomers can be derived from ethylene if two hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fl uorine atom and a chlorine atom? draw their structures and name them. indicate which are structural isomers and which are geometric isomers?

Answers

Answer:
THREE different isomers can be derived from ethylene if two hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fl uorine atom and a chlorine atom.

Explanation:
When two Hydrogen atoms in ethylene (C₂H₄) are replaced with Fluorine and Chlorine atom then the new molecular formula is C₂H₂FCl.
Compounds having same Molecular formula but different structural formula are called as Isomers.
First Isomer of C₂H₂FCl is 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene, in which F and Cl at geminal position (attached to same Carbon atom).
Other two Isomers are Geometrical Isomers of 1-chloro-2-fluoroethene, in which F and Cl at different carbon atom and having different position is space. The one in which both F and Cl at opposite side forms (trans)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene and the one in which both are in same side is called as (cis)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene.

Where do water and hydrochloric acid (hcl) lie on the ph scale in relation to each other?

Answers

Water has a neutral pH of 7 on the pH scale, while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid with a pH of around 1 to 2, indicating a much higher level of acidity than water.

On the pH scale, water and hydrochloric acid (HCl) lie at different points reflecting their levels of acidity. Water is neutral with a pH of 7, serving as the midpoint of the pH scale.

In contrast, hydrochloric acid is a strong acid with a pH significantly lower than 7; typically around 1 to 2 due to its high concentration of hydronium ions. The lower the pH value, the more acidic the substance is. Hence, hydrochloric acid has a much higher acidity than water.

Write a balanced equation for the combustion of propane. (be sure to include states of matter in your equation.)

Answers

[tex]C_{3}H_{8} (g) + 5O_{2}(g) --\ \textgreater \ 3CO_{2}(g)+4H_{2}O(l)[/tex]

What is the lowest possible value of n for a d atomic orbital?

Answers

Answer is: the lowest possible value of n is 3, that is 3d atomic orbital.
The principal quantum number (n) is one of four quantum numbers which are assigned to each electron in an atom to describe that electron's state.
The principal quantum number shows the most probable distance of the electrons from the nucleus.
For n=3, there are 3 orbitals: 3s, 3p and 3d.

Which two layers of Earth are mainly composed of metallic elements such as nickel and iron, which are abundant in meteoroids and comets?

Answers

This layer of the earth lies between the mantle and the solid inner core. It is the only liquid layer, a sea of mostly iron and nickel about 1,400 miles. The lava is mostly made up of iron and nickel. The outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field. The final layer is the inner core, which is 900 miles deep. Scientists believe the inner core is a solid ball of iron and other minerals.

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