Explanation:
The most likely reason for the given type of distinction is that the enzymes the body uses are typically stereospecific and only produce one enantiomer
Many of the enzymes used in the body are stereospecific - they will only react with one particular stereoisomer form of a molecule and will only catalyze a reaction that produces a particular isomer of the product
Often drugs are administered as a racemic mixture because work in the lab produces such a mixture even though only one of the isomers has any biological effect
Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait. If a woman who is heterozygous for the colorblind allele has children with a man who has normal vision, what proportion of their children will be colorblind?
The answer is in the image attached.
Hope this helps!
An heterozygous woman suppose Xx is married to the man with the XX. In the alleles x stands for the defective gene.
What is color blindness ?
Color blindness is the disorder that deals with the disorder to the unable nature for a person to differentiate between two colors mostly red and green. The issue is caused by the X linked recessive trait gene carried mostly by the females.
If the woman who is carrying the gene for the color blindness that is for a disorder which is X linked recessive trait. The trait will be Xx. where x stands for the disorder gene and in the expression with the man XX. 50% of the offspring will carry the gene for the colour blindness.
The gene will be X linked recessive trait and in the passing when 50% of the offspring where the children carry the trait for the disorder and the species will be carrYing the defected gene for the disorder.
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Which of the following are true statements concerning enzymes?
A.During the hydrolysis reaction in which maltose is broken down into its two glucose monomers, enzymes speed up the reaction by directly attacking and breaking the covalent bonds holding the two glucose molecules together.
B. Enzymes generally catalyze only very specific biochemical reactions.
C. Enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reactions in cells by adding energy to the reactions.
D. Enzymes are synthesized in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells.
E. Most enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids.
F. The cells of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes all contain enzymes.
G. If the active site of an enzyme is altered, the enzyme is unable to catalyze the biochemical reaction.
H. Once used to catalyze a biochemical reaction, enzymes lose their activity; making them unable to catalyze the reaction again
Answer:
B. Enzymes generally catalyze only very specific biochemical reactions.
E. Most enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids
F. The cells of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes all contain enzymes.
G. If the active site of an enzyme is altered, the enzyme is unable to catalyze the biochemical reaction.
Explanation:
Enzymes refers to substances that acts as a catalyst in living organisms. They regulate the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without being altered in the process. Enzymes regulate the biological process that occur within living organisms.
Enzymes catalyze all aspects of cell metabolism such as digestion of food, conservation and transformation of chemical energy and the construction of cellular macromolecules from smaller precursors.
Application of enzymes
1. Industrial application
2. Medical application
1. Enzymes can be used for industrial application such as beer brewing, wine fermentation, bread leavening.
2. Enzyme can also be applied in the medical aspects for killing disease-causing microorganisms, promoting wound healing, and diagnosing some diseases.
The two most abundant elements in the oceans are sodium and chlorine. Together they make a salt, halite. Sodium is dissolved in groundwater and river water that flows into the ocean.
What is the MOST LIKELY source of chlorine?
A)volcanic gases
B)subduction zones
C)decomposing bedrock
D)decomposing sea animals
Answer:
Volcanic gases. (Ans A)
Explanation:
Ocean water is salty because of the presence of dissolved salt. When water contact with a rock it starts weathering processes and this process starts to dissolve the soluble elements such as sodium out of the rock.
In volcanic gases, lots of chlorine ions are present in the atmosphere, these ions easily dissolve with water and produce the large flux of chloride that splashes into the oceans. So, the most common source of chloride ions in ocean waters comes from the volcanic explosions.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The diagram to the right represents the lysogenic
cycle. What is occurring at step D?
Answer:The provirus leaves the host cells nucleic acid
Explanation:
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
The provirus leaves the host cell’s nucleic acid.
All of the following substances are derived from petroleum except
Options are not provded in the question. The complete question is:
All of the following substances are derived from petroleum EXCEPT
A) asphalt
B) DDT
C) cellulose
D) polystyrene
E) nylon
Answer: C) cellulose
Explanation:
Cellulose is defined as an organic compound made up of many hundred to several thousands of β linked D-glucose units arranged in a linear chain. Cellulose is a significant structural part of green plant's primary cell wall, many types of oomycetes and algae.
Human beings can not digest cellulose but as a source of fibre, it is essential in the diet. Cellulose is used for storing clothes and paper.
Hence, cellulose is not a derivative of petroleum.
Among the substances listed, prostaglandin is not derived from petroleum; instead, it is a lipid compound from fatty acid chains. In contrast, fuel types like gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, as well as certain plastics, are examples of products derived from petroleum.
From the given details, the substance not derived from petroleum is a prostaglandin. Numerous substances are produced from petroleum, including a variety of fuels - gasoline, diesel, kerosene - and even certain types of plastics. These products result from various chemical reactions that occur within an oil refinery through a process called fractional distillation.
On the other hand, prostaglandins are not derived from petroleum but are lipid compounds that originate from fatty acid chains. They play vital roles in multiple body processes, from immune responses to the regulation of inflammation.
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The primary immune response ________.
a. has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
b. occurs when memory cells are stimulated
c. occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response
d. is another name for immunological memory
Answer: a. has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
Explanation:
When the body comes in contact with foreign antigen for first time it is accompanied by primary immune responses, a lag period occurs in which no antibody is produced but activated B cells are transformed into plasma cells, this is called lag phase. The lag period may be as short as 2-3 days but is sometimes longer.
white blood cells consist of B cells which are formed in the bone marrow. Growing B cell (after first exposure) produces several copies of one type of antigens as a surface antigen receptor. The entire population of B cells has the ability to directly bind to millions of different antigens. If the antibody on a B cell's surface bind to an antigen, the cell will be primed to undergo proliferation and differentiation.
Hence, the correct option is a.
Final answer:
The primary immune response has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells. The secondary immune response occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the primary response.
Explanation:
The primary immune response has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells. During the primary response, some of the cloned B cells are differentiated into memory B cells programmed to respond to subsequent exposures. In contrast, the secondary response occurs more rapidly and forcefully than the primary response, with a decreased lag period and higher levels of antibodies produced.
Which of these choices is considered an environment cost
Answer:
Where are the choices?
Explanation:
Answer:
C. Water contamination
Explanation:
The germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by the presence of action of
Answer:
Explanation:
True, through contact or infection
Answer: microorganisms
Explanation:
What could be the consequence of a mutation that changes the sequence of nucleotides in a promoter?
Answer:
The changes in the sequence of nucleotides present within a promoter is a prime cause of the defected transcriptional regulation, which may eventually result in disease. However, not every modification within the sequence of a promoter influences the regulation of transcription, it relies upon the nature and the location of the genetic defect.
When a mutation results within the sequence of a promoter region it may hamper the usual procedures of gene stimulation by affecting the step by step alignment of the transcription factors at the promoter region. Therefore, as a consequence, a mutation within the sequence of a promoter may result in the enhancement or reduction in the level of mRNA and thus protein.
Based on the information provided, what is Primate A's primary form of locomotion? a.Knuckle-walking b.Vertical clinging and leaping c.Arboreal quadrupedalism c.Terrestrial quadrupedalism d.Semibrachiation Brachiation
Without more specific information about Primate A, it isn't possible to definitively determine its primary form of locomotion based on the provided options.
Explanation:Unfortunately, without more specific information about Primate A, it isn't possible to determine its primary form of locomotion. The options you've listed - knuckle-walking, vertical clinging and leaping, arboreal quadrupedalism, terrestrial quadrupedalism, and semibrachiation/brachiation - represent a range of locomotive strategies employed by different species in the primate order. To make a determination, more details about the specimen - such as its genus and species, physical characteristics, and typical habitat - would be necessary.
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Without specific information about Primate A's anatomy, a definitive answer cannot be given. However, the general primate adaptations provided suggest abilities for tree climbing and brachiation. More detailed information about Primate A is needed for a more accurate assessment of its primary form of locomotion.
Explanation:The question addresses Primate A's primary form of locomotion, but without specific information on Primate A's anatomical features, it's impossible to definitively state a primary form of locomotion. However, based on the general adaptations common to primates provided in the question preamble, it suggests that the species is adapted for climbing trees or brachiation. These general adaptations include rotating shoulder joints, a widely separated big toe and thumb from the other digits (for grip), stereoscopic vision (for depth perception and distance gauging), large brains, flattened nails, and an upright body position. Understanding the specific primate would help determine if its locomotion is primarily knuckle-walking, arboreal quadrupedalism, terrestrial quadrupedalism, or semibrachiation brachiation.
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All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the__________.a. greater tuberosityb. deltoid tuberosityc. radial tuberosityd. intertubercular sulcus
Answer: d. interubercular sulcus
Explanation:
The intertubercular sulcus is the bicipital groove that separate the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus bone. The pectoralis major is the thick, fan shaped muscle that is located on the chest of the body and ends in a flat tendon. In the end these muscles converge at the lateral edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus or intertubercular sulcus.
1 point
According to the binomial nomerklature rules the species should be
written in italics. *
O
true
true
O
false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Binomial nomenclature rules state that the genus-species names for organisms must be written in italics. A couple examples -
Humans are genus homo, species sapiens, so we write it as H. sapiens.
White oaks are genus quercus, species alba, so we write it as Q. alba.
Practice 1: Which of the following are the major structures of the nervous system. Check all that apply.
A.Brain
B.Heart
C.Lungs
D.Stomach
E.Spinal cord
F.Nerves
Answer:
A,E, F
Explanation:
took bio 4 years ago i think these r right!? hopefully!
Proteins are the building blocks of life. Every cell in the human body contains protein. Which organelles are likely to be abundant in cells such as fibroblasts that actively produce and secrete protein which fuel cells, tissues, and organs?
How do metal atoms bond with one another?
Answer:
In metallic bonds, the valence electrons from the s and p orbitals of the interacting metal atoms delocalize. That is to say, instead of orbiting their respective metal atoms, they form a “sea” of electrons that surrounds the positively charged atomic nuclei of the interacting metal ions. ... Metals are shiny.
Explanation:
i took it from google
Answer:
Metallic bonds are mediated by strong attractive forces. This property contributes to the low volatility, high melting and boiling points, and high density of most metals. The group-XII metals zinc, cadmium, and mercury are exceptions to this rule.
Explanation:
Metallic bonds can occur between different elements, forming an alloy. Aluminum foil and copper wire are examples of metallic bonding in action .
Metals make up most of the elements in the periodic table (around 80%), and they are special. When metals bond with themselves, they bond in a different way than when they bond with other elements. It isn't ionic or molecular or covalent. It is its own metal bond.
When metals are together, the electrons float around the atoms; they roam around the whole metal complex. They float free as though floating through a sea of electrons, much like an individual water molecule floats free in the sea. This is why it is called the electron sea model.
Each metal atom allows its electrons to roam freely, so these atoms become positively charged cations. These cations are kind of like a positively charged island and are surrounded by a sea of negatively charged electrons. It looks a bit like positively charged cations surrounded by electrons .
Most metals have very few electrons in their outermost energy shells, and some have vacant outer electron orbitals. What this means for the metal is that its valence electrons are decentralized and free to move around. Remember that in ionic bonds, the electrons transfer from one atom to another atom. In covalent bonds, the electrons are shared between atoms. In metal bonds, the electrons wander around and aren't transferred or shared. It's more of a communal thing where they belong to all the metal atoms around them.
In metallic bonds, the valence electrons from the s and p orbitals of the interacting metal atoms delocalize. That is to say, instead of orbiting their respective metal atoms, they form a “sea” of electrons that surrounds the positively charged atomic nuclei of the interacting metal ions.
If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed?
A. Plants
B. Protists
C. Prokaryotes
D. Animals
Answer:
prokaryotes
Explanation:
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has allowed scientists to develop "fate maps" tracing cell lines back to cell origins. The trait of nematodes and some other related groups where they have a set number of cell divisions leading to the same number of body cells in an adult is called:
A) anisogamy.
B) apoptosis.
C) cryptobiosis.
D) gastrulation.
E) eutely.
Answer:
The correct answer is E) eutely
Explanation:
Nematodes are organisms with bilateral symmetry, although their organs are coiled, sometimes one of the limbs is lost and many of sedentary life tend to radial symmetry. One of the most striking characteristics of these animals is that their growth is not produced by an increase in the number of cells that compose them, but by an increase in the size of the already existing cells; in fact, in most adult tissues the number of cells is constant, a phenomenon known as eutelia.
Eutelia is the condition of an organism composed of a constant number of cells or syncytial nuclei in all adult individuals of a species, such as nematodes, it means that body growth is not carried out by increasing the number of cells but by the growth of existing cells.
Answer:
E. Eutely
Explanation:
Nematodes is also called Nemathelminthes. They are small slender worms and the head of a nematode is noticeable when compared to other parts of their body. The head is radially symmetrical while the body is bilaterally symmetrical.
Eutely is however the condition of having a body made up of a constant number of cells usually somatic cells like in the case of certain rotifers and lower worms.
After a major forest fire, the process of succession ultimately causes an ecosystem to?
Answer: The ecosystem becomes more stable and diverse
Answer:
Succession after an ecological disturbance causes the system to steadily return to its original state, theoretically. Smaller plants will grow back first, then gradually the whole ecosystem will return to how it was before the disturbance (i.e. the forest fire).
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A heterozygous parent with white wool is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent with black wool. What is the probability that the offspring will have black wool?
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
How can you see change over time using topographic maps and satellite images?
Topographic maps and satellite images
Explanation:
A topographic map represents earth's surface features like land forms and structures, rivers and lakes, mountains and hills, elevations and other natural features along with man-made artificial features like cities, buildings, monuments, roads, bridges etc. These are formed by contour lines.
Topographic maps are printed with revision dates to observe the changes happening on the Earth's surface. Various land forms keeps changing due to natural and man-made causes and these needs to be updated accordingly to provide accurate details.
A satellite image provides details of the earth aerially from space. These provides details of a land form or any earth structure currently.
By comparing with older satellite images or topographic maps with the current one, the changes which occurred over time can be observed.
The thalamus relays sensory information to a.correct regions of the cerebral hemispheres b.relays motor information from the cerebellum and basal nuclei (basal ganglia) to the cerebrum c.plays a role in consciousness consists of a pair of oval masses d.all of these choices are correct
Answer: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Explanation:
Which two structures of plants and fungi perform similar functions?
A.
leaves and fruiting body
B.
stem and hyphae
C.
root and mycelium
D.
stem and fruiting body
Answer:(c,b)
Explanation:
Answer: the answer is c root and mycelium
Explanation: i just did the test
my question is in the picture
Russ went for a run, and Nelly took a nap. They then watched a horror movie together. Usually, Russ and Nelly are about equally scared when they watch horror movies. In this situation, Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion predicts that
Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation constitute emotion. In the described scenario, Russ, who went running, may feel more scared during the movie due to an increase in physiological arousal, while Nelly, who took a nap, could possibly feel less scared due to a lower level of arousal.
Explanation:The question refers to Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, which implies that emotions are composed of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. Considering the mentioned scenario, where Russ had a run (increasing his physiological arousal) and Nelly took a nap (thus, probably having a lower arousal state), it is likely that, when they watch the horror movie, Russ will feel more scared than usual while Nelly may feel less scared.
This is because, according to the two-factor theory of emotion, the same physiological arousal can be interpreted as different emotions, depending on the cognitive interpretation. For Russ, the excitement from the run could be misattributed as fear, intensifying his emotional reaction to the movie, whereas Nelly, who's likely more relaxed due to her nap, may not experience intense fear.
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According to Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion, Russ may experience a more intense emotional reaction to the horror movie due to misattributing the physiological ar-ousal from his run to the film, while Nelly, having rested, may not experience such heightened emotions unless influenced by Russ.
Explanation:The situation described can be analyzed through the lens of Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion, which posits that emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive. Russ went for a run and presumably experienced physiological aro-usal from this intense physical activity. Nelly, on the other hand, took a nap and would likely have a lower level of physiological arousal. According to the theory, the physiological arousal experienced by Russ could potentially intensify his emotional response to the horror movie.
If Russ has no other explanation for his heightened physiological state, he could misattribute some of the arousal from the run to the horror movie, thereby experiencing a more intense emotional reaction. On the contrary, Nelly, having been at rest, would not have this extra arousal to misattribute, and would experience fear at her usual level when watching a horror movie, unless she is influenced by Russ's heightened emotion.
Arrange the following steps from a typical genetic modification procedure into their correct sequence. Place the first step at the far left. Some steps my be equivalent. Rank the typical genetic modification procedure from the first step to the last step. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
1) Select the gene of interest + insert into plasmid
2) Protein product harvested from bacteria
3) Isolate bacterial plasmid
4) Bacteria replicate
5a) Cloned gene harvested from bacteria
5b) Plasmid taken up by bacterium
The sequence of steps in a genetic modification process starts with isolating a bacterial plasmid, then selecting and inserting a gene of interest into the plasmid. The modified plasmid is taken up by a bacterium, which then reproduces. The cloned gene is harvested, and the protein product is finally extracted from the bacteria.
Explanation:The correct sequence of steps from a typical genetic modification procedure is as follows:
Isolate bacterial plasmidSelect the gene of interest + insert into plasmidPlasmid taken up by bacteriumBacteria replicateCloned gene harvested from bacteriaProtein product harvested from bacteriaStarting from the isolation of the bacterial plasmid, moving to the selection of the gene of interest and its insertion into the plasmid. The prepared plasmid is then taken up by the bacterium. Subsequently, the bacteria replicate, producing many copies of the inserted gene. The cloned gene is then harvested from the bacteria, followed finally by the harvesting of the protein product.
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The correct sequence for a typical genetic modification procedure is to first isolate a bacterial plasmid, then select and insert the gene of interest into it, allow the plasmid to be taken up by a bacterium, let the bacteria replicate, then harvest either the cloned gene or the protein product from the bacteria.
Genetic modification is a complex process which involves multiple steps. Below is the sequence of steps that typically occur in gene cloning, a common genetic modification technique used in biotechnology.
Isolate bacterial plasmid: The first step is to obtain the bacterial plasmid, which acts as a vector to carry the gene of interest.Select the gene of interest + insert into plasmid: Known as ligation, this step involves cutting the plasmid DNA and inserting the gene of interest.Plasmid taken up by bacterium (transformation): The recombinant plasmid is introduced into the bacterial host so it can be replicated.Bacteria replicate: Bacteria carrying the recombinant plasmid reproduce, creating many copies of the plasmid and the gene of interest.Either Cloned gene harvested from bacteria if the goal is to isolate the gene or Protein product harvested from bacteria if the goal is to produce a protein product derived from the gene.The steps are typically conducted in this order to ensure efficient and successful genetic modification.
A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is
Answer:
a transmembrane protein
Explanation:
A transmembrane protein spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times. they are made of amphiphilic phospholipids: phospholipids with a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail with two fatty acid chains.
A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is called an integral protein. These proteins are incorporated into the membrane structure, with hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions that allow them to align with the hydrophobic region and interact with the hydrophilic regions of the phospholipid bilayer.
Explanation:A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is an integral protein. These proteins are integrated into the membrane structure, consequently, their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions are able to interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. Depending on their structure, some integral proteins span only part of the membrane associating with a single layer, while others stretch from one side of the membrane to the other, being exposed on either side. Moreover, these proteins can be additionally described based on their hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, enabling them to align alongside the phospholipids, with the protein's hydrophobic region adjacent to the tails of the phospholipids and the hydrophilic region in contact with the extracellular fluid or cytosol.
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Fill in the blank with the correct word.
When a plant responds to changes in the length of day by flowering during certain seasons, it is called .
To survive the cold winter months, some plants go into a state of .
Answer:
The two answers are photoperiodism and dormancy
Explanation:
Think of photo at the beginning of the first answer and relate it to photosynthesis and think of dormancy as when flowers go at rest during the cold so they dont wither away
Photoperiodism is when plants respond to changes in day length by flowering, while dormancy is when plants slow down to survive winter.
Explanation:When a plant responds to changes in the length of day by flowering during certain seasons, it is called photoperiodism. To survive the cold winter months, some plants go into a state of dormancy.
Photoperiodism is a biological occurrence where organisms, such as flowering plants, react to the length of light and darkness within a 24-hour period. Plants have a light-sensitive system, the phytochrome system, which helps them detect the change of season. During different times of the year, due to the Earth's tilt, the length of daylight changes, and plants use this change in photoperiod to time their growth cycles, including when they flower, set winter buds, and grow vegetatively.
To cope with harsh winter climates, some plant species enter a phase known as dormancy. Dormancy is a period during which plants slow their metabolic processes, conserve energy, and often shed their leaves to survive extreme cold and scarcity of resources.
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Where does the atp used during the atp-pcr and glycolysis systems come from?
Answer:
ATP-Pcr System also known as an immediate energy system. The ATP- PCr system is the key energy source for a high-intensity, short-lived exercise of up to 10 seconds, such as swinginging a golf club, weight lifting, throwing a hammer, and pushing.
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6 ) into pyruvate (CH3COCOO−) and H+ and releases free energy in order to to form ATP and NADH molecules.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the stored source of energy readily available to the body when it interacts with water to generate heat and energy.
ATP is the body's primary energy source which hydrolyzed to releases lot of energy which results in protein synthesis and muscle contraction.
Hence, ATP is stored in body utilised during atp-pcr and glycolysis systems.
Choose the term that does not belong with the rest
and explain your answer:
a genotype
b. phenotype
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous
Answer: PHENOTYPE
Explanation: This is due to homozygous and heterozygous being associated with Genotype.
Heterozygous is Bb
Homozygous is bb or BB
All of which is a genotype.
Phenotype, however, is focused on appearance, not code.
Hope this helped
What causes spring and neep tides, and identify the phases of the moon when these tides occur
Answer spring tide occur when the moon, earth and the sun are in a straight line which causes regular higher tides and low tides to increase in their intensity
While neep tides occur when the moon, sun and the earth are formed at a right angle. This will make the regular higher tides and low tides to become much lower than the usual.
Explanation: