The correct answer to the question is 'interdependent,' indicating that family members have a mutual reliance on each other, shaping their past, present, and anticipated future interactions.
Explanation:A family can be conceptualized as two or more people in an adaptable social and economic alliance that involves kinship, which may arise from blood, marriage, or other long-lasting arrangements. An extended family includes multiple family units and can be an intricate social and economic system often encompassing more than one generation. As part of a societal structure, a family is characterized by its members' ability to be interdependent, which implies that family members rely on each other and are expected to influence each other in the present and future. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is:
A family is a system with two or more interdependent people who have a common history and a present reality and who expect to influence each other in the future.
A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic, ruthless, and suspicious, while Melissa is acquiescent, soft-hearted, and trusting. It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the _____ dimension of the five-factor model.
a. conscientiousness
b. openness to experience
c. extraversion
d. agreeableness
Answer:
d. agreeableness
Explanation:
The Five-Factor Model of personality is a model of the structure of personality according to which human personality can be described using five broad dimensions: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness.
Extroversion: Outgoing, socially confident behavior. Extroverts are sociable, talkative and enjoy being the center of attention. Introverts are more quiet and prefer to be on their own.Agreeableness: Individuals who score highly on agreeableness are friendly and co-operative, they are trusting of others and are more altruistic. People who score low on this dimension are less concerned with pleasing other people or making friends, they tend to be more suspicious and are less charitable. Conscientiousness: People who are conscientious are more aware of their actions and the consequences of their behavior than people who are unconscientious. They feel a sense of responsibility towards other people and are careful with their duties. People who score low on this dimension are less careful and are less concerned about tidiness and punctuality. Neuroticism: People with high neuroticism are persistent worriers. They are fearful and often feel anxious, over-thinking their problems focusing on the negative aspects of them. They tend to become frustrated and angry if things don't go as they wish. People who score low are less preoccupied and are able to remain more calm under stressful situations. Openness: Willingness to try new activities. People with higher levels of openness enjoy artistic and cultural experiences and are more open to unfamiliar cultures and customs. People with low levels of openness are wary of uncertainty and the unknown and feel uncomfortable in unfamiliar situations and prefer familiar environments.In this example, Jacqueline is antagonistic, ruthless and suspicious while Melissa is soft-hearted and trusting. These are characteristics related to the factor of agreeableness, thus they most likely scored at opposite ends of the agreeableness dimension of the five-factor model.
When Ryan brings home his spelling and math papers from the second grade, Ryan's stepmother expresses pride in his work and posts the papers on the refrigerator for the other family members to see. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Ryan's stepmother is fostering a sense of _____ in Ryan.
A) generativity
B) identity
C) industry
D) autonomy
Answer:
The correct answer is c.) Industry
Explanation:
In psychological terms, industry is referred as a stage of development that takes place during the early school years, in which the children begin to develop sense of pride usually when they accomplish something, encouraging children in this stage is an important if not the most important part of this stage, therefore when Ryan bring his papers and his stepmother expresses pride in Ryan's accomplishments she's fostering a sense of industry in Ryan.
When relatively high concentrations of fatty acids are suspended in water, they form structures known as ________. (b) When relatively high concentrations of membrane phospholipids are dissolved in water, they form structures known as ________. (c) Why are the structures listed in your answers to (a) and (b) above energetically favored
Answer:(a) micelles. (b) bilayers. (c) Micelles are favored when the polar head group has a greater cross-sectional area than the non polar acyl chain, making the molecule wedge-shaped; bilayers are favored when the cross-sectional area of head group and acyl chain(s) are about the same, so that the molecule is cylindrical.
Explanation:
Caleb feels very discouraged upon learning that he had been cut from the varsity football team and now will play with the junior varsity. Which of the following would be the most positive emotion-focused coping response?a. He has several beers with his friends who do not play football.b. He takes a brisk run until he is completely exhausted.c. He contemplates life by himself, at home, with a bottle of wine.d. He and a friend go to see a comedy at the movie theater.
Answer:
d. He and a friend go to see a comedy at the movie theater.
Explanation:
Emotion focused coping, in psychology, is a kind of stress management strategies which attempts to lower negative emotional responses that are caused due to the exposure to stressors.
There are various methods of copying by which an individual can reduce or removed the negative emotion such as depression, gear, aggression, etc.
Emotion focused coping is both positive copying response as well as negative copying response. Positive emotion-focused coping response include talking about the emotions through a therapy or journaling, meditation, or distraction with other activities like going to a theater. Whereas negative emotion-focused coping response includes activities like avoiding the emotion or suppressing them, or the use of drug or alcohol to avoid emotions or dull them.
In the given context, Caleb is stressed and therefore the most positive emotion-focused coping response to reduce the stress would be going to the theater to see a comedy movie. This will help him to release the stress and forget his emotions.
Thus the answer is ---
d. He and a friend go to see a comedy at the movie theater.
Mr. Sampson's mouth always waters when he sees a donut. He nearly always orders a coffee when he has a donut. One day, he orders a coffee and a chocolate donut. He is served the coffee right away, but told that the donuts are still being made and he wil have to wait a few minutes. He takes a seat while he is waiting and takes a deep sniff of his coffee. As he does so, he begins salivating. In terms of classical conditioning, why did this happen?
a. It happened because the coffee is acting as a conditioned stimulus.
b. It happened because the coffee is acting as an unconditioned stimulus.
c. It happened because the coffee is acting as a conditioned response
d. It happen the use the coffee is acting as an unconditioned response.
Answer:
The answer is a.
Explanation:
In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is associated with a positive or negative consequence: an unconditioned stimulus (US). This provokes a psychological or physiological reaction, known as conditioned response (CR).
In the example, the smell of coffee is the conditioned stimulus, the donuts are the unconditioned stimulus and the salivation is the conditioned response.
Michael is a 70-year-old man. He notices that ejaculation takes longer during sexual intercourse and its force is less than it was before. Also, the refractory period extends up to 48 hours after an erection. He is depressed and consults a sexologist. The doctor is most likely to advise that:_________
Michael is likely experiencing age-related changes in his sexual function, which are characterized by a decrease in the force of ejaculation, longer ejaculation time, and an extended refractory period. These changes are normal and can be attributed to a decline in testosterone levels that occurs as men age.
Explanation:Based on the symptoms described, it is likely that Michael is experiencing age-related changes in his sexual function. The decrease in the force of ejaculation and the longer time required for ejaculation are common age-related changes in men. Additionally, the extended refractory period is also a normal part of the aging process.
As men age, there is a decline in testosterone levels, which can affect sexual function. The decline in testosterone may result in changes in the frequency and quality of erections, as well as the force of ejaculation. It is important for Michael to consult with a sexologist to address any concerns and discuss potential treatment options to improve his sexual well-being.
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National Quality Institute is a nonprofit organization designed to stimulate and support quality-driven innovation within all enterprises and institutions, including business, government, education, and health care in _____.
Select one:
a. China
b. Canada
c. the United States
d. Australia
Answer: Option (B)
Explanation:
National Quality Institute now known as the Excellence Canada, is referred to as the not-for-profit organization. The Excellence Canada is known to specializes in coaching, implementation, enforcement and the certification i.e. the approval of organizational excellence. It is also known to be the curator and arbitrator of Canada Awards for Excellence.
Ronald is always angry when dealing with the Department of Motor Vehicles. When not there, however, he never behaves this way. Ronald's behavior is reflective of which of the following?
a) Personality disorder
b) A trait
c) Egosyntonic
d) A state
Answer:
A state
Explanation:
A state is a mental condition or a psychological condition in which a person's quality of state being constant and the state being changed. It is dynamic. It is natural. It deals with the focus of attention, cognitive functioning, persistence, and affection and is involved in the state of mental disorder.
Thus in the case of Ronald, he was dealing with the state of anger with the department of vehicle. Although he never behaves in such a manner. The behavior reflects his state of mind.
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing________.
Answer:
The answer is REM sleep.
Explanation:
The acronym REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. It usually occurrs after about two hours of sleep.
Dreams take place during this stage, and for this reason, the brain turns off our spinal cord's signals, so that we don't act our dreams out.
Studies have found that a lack of REM sleep (and thus, dreaming) has major negative effects in memory and learning.
n the context of the factors affecting motivation at work, which of the following statements is true of the operant approach?
A) A shortcoming of the operant technique is that situational factors can overwhelm the effectiveness of a reward program.
B) In the operant technique, noncontingent rewards and punishments are associated with particular behaviors.
C) Leadership practitioners should create perceptions of inequity when administering individually tailored rewards.
D) Leadership practitioners should limit themselves to administering organizationally sanctioned rewards and punishments.
Answer:
The statement 'a shortcoming of the operant technique is that situational factors can overwhelm the effectiveness of a reward program' is true.
Explanation:
Motivation is the most vital term that affects the work of any employee. So, the reward program can really boost up the motivation for the worker and push them further more in their work. The operant technique states the same thing that the situational forces can really enhance the over whelming sensation for the employees, this helps in the working environment and the progress increment.Statement A) is true for the operant approach, highlighting that situational factors can diminish the effectiveness of rewards in motivating behavior, as alternative behaviors may offer competing reinforcers.
In the context of the factors affecting motivation at work, the true statement about the operant approach is that A) A shortcoming of the operant technique is that situational factors can overwhelm the effectiveness of a reward program. This approach, based on operant conditioning, suggests that behaviors are learned and repeated based on the consequences that follow them. When rewards and punishments are closely tied to specific behaviors, these consequences can motivate individuals to perform or refrain from certain actions. However, the presence of strong situational factors can diminish the impact of reward programs, as alternative reinforcers may be more appealing or immediate than those the reward program provides. This happens when, in an environment with many competing reinforcers, the desired behavior may not be the most reinforced one. Moreover, leaders must be cautious not to reward the wrong behaviors unintentionally, as doing so leads to undesirable outcomes, a phenomenon known as "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B".
Concepts can guide our thinking and be continually tested for accuracy against new, incoming information, such as by judging category membership. In this way, concept formation can be viewed as a type of ____.a. theory buildingb. feature detectionc. schemad. prototype
In this way, concept formation can be viewed as a type of theory of building.
Option a
Explanation:Theory of building describes the process whereby people make sense of what is happening in their surroundings. These look to examine relationships between certain occurrences and establish why and how certain things happen.
The continued learning process that governs this theory requires communicating with other people, constantly looking at the world around us and keeping up with what is happening. It is an important theory that advances knowledge and when the right learning tools are employed, they provide a bigger picture of the process of building important theories.
What did Erik Erikson call the people he interviewed who were in their 90s to reflect their awareness of the interdependence of the generations and the human experience? despairers humanitarians social witnesses self-actualized humans
Erik Erikson called the people he interviewed who were in their 90s and reflected awareness of the interdependence of the generations and the human experience social witnesses.
Explanation:Erik Erikson called the people he interviewed who were in their 90s and reflected awareness of the interdependence of the generations and the human experience social witnesses. In his theory of psychosocial development, Erikson's task at the stage of late adulthood is called integrity versus despair. People who feel satisfied with their lives and have a sense of integrity can look back on their accomplishments with few regrets.
Thus, human experience involves social witnesses who observe and share collective narratives. These witnesses contribute to the tapestry of shared stories, fostering empathy, understanding, and connection within society by acknowledging and validating the diverse range of experiences that shape the human condition.
Yolanda is interviewing for a job as an engineer. She is doing very well until the interviewer asks her if she believes that a woman can really devote the time to being an engineer. After that, she stumbles over answers and becomes distracted. Yolanda is showing the effects of:__________
Answer:
Yolanda is showing the effects of stereotype threats.
Explanation:
There are certain questions that can be asked in interviews that would make the candidates get confused as such questions contain the reality that may threaten the opportunity coming the candidate's way. The reality mentioned in such questions is often stereotypical in nature which the candidate does not understand how to tackle. The candidate gets confused as he knows that denying the reality would put a question mark on in his integrity and conforming to it would cost him the opportunity.Assume you are working with a student who really likes McDonald’s. When you are out in the community with this student and you drive past a McDonald’s, the student always begins to whine about going to McDonald’s. If you say, "No," the student begins to cry. If you still say, "No," the student begins to kick and scream and whack his head on the car window. Assume you want to break this inappropriate chain of behaviors by removing the initial SD and substituting an alternative SD. What would be one way of doing so?
Answer:
avoid the routes that include a McDonald's and instead drive by Wendy's
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that one way of doing this would be to avoid the routes that include a McDonald's. Instead drive by an alternative SD such as Wendy's and when passing near the Wendy's ask the student if they would like to eat at Wendy's. This would recondition the child's inappropriate chain of behaviors and substitute a new one with Wendy's.
Elisa is a 12-year-old girl and has recently been feeling pressured to wear skirts and dresses like many of the girls at her school. She has also been feeling pressured to stop playing basketball so that she can pursue cheer leading like many of her friends. Elisa is likely experiencing ______.
Answer:
gender intensification
Explanation:
Gender intensification: The term gender intensification is given by Hill and Lynch in 1983.
According to Hill and Lynch, gender intensification is explained in terms of the gender differences that increase and appears in adolescence. It explains that girls and boys early in their adolescence experience an enormous amount of pressure or compulsion to conform to the gender roles which is culturally sanctioned.
In the question above, Elisa is likely experiencing gender intensification.
"Among a nationally representative sample of Americans, life regrets centered mainly on __________." A. physical changes not realized B. romantic and family relationships C. having a lack of financial resources D. failing to follow rules earlier in life
Answer:
B. romantic and family relationships
Explanation:
In America, the divorce rates are very high. Most of the marriages in the United States ends up in divorce. The family structure and the social psychology of the people of America is the result for such high divorce rates.
There lacks mutual understanding and proper communication between the member of an American family. The stress and problems faced by the American people in their normal daily life makes them unhappy and and they try to remain isolated form their family or gets separated because of work pressure or family pressure. The mutual harmony is lost among the members of the family.
Hence the correct option is ---
Option (B)
Sally loves to paint. She recently sold some of her paintings and received good reviews. She feels happy with her decision to sell her paintings. In this scenario, Sally's feeling of content exemplifies _____.
Answer:
satisfaction
Explanation:
Hello! Sally feels satisfied because she is working on what she loves and earning money for it, therefore she feels happy and fine with her effort because she is having much more respect as an artist and feels that she deserves those good reviews. This contribute to her to be consistent and work harder
Thanks for your question!
an advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments,as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?
Answer:
Proteins and carbohydrates
Explanation: I just took this test.
Answer:
Proteins and carbohidrates are the two biomolecules that the supplement must have to provide the benefits it offer.
Explanation:
First of all, to understand this we need to analyze the question. It says that the supplements claim to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments. All of these body parts use energy to work and the energy fuel these body parts use is muscle store. Muscle store produces cortisol to create that energy and insulin is the hormone that helps to reduce the impact of cortisol. But to be effective insulin requires carbohydrate intake and carbohydrates alone won't help you recover the muscle loss and energy. So, that's why you have to mix them so they work out can be performed and the growth allowed.
Psychology According to the levels-of-processing theory, if Jon wanted Maqsood to remember the sentences "At first, it is better to run than to walk, " "Birds seldom get too close," and "A rock can be used as an anchor," he should
Answer:
tell Maqsood the sentences all refer to kite-flying.
Explanation:
Levels of processing theory was identified by Robert Lockhart and Fergus Craik in the year 1972. It focuses on the theories of memories that suggests separate stages for working, sensory and long-term memory.
It gives importance to depth of the processing that is involved in our memory, and predicts deeper information that is processed and a memory trace will last longer.
Thus according to the levels-of-processing theory, Jon should tell Maqsood that the sentences all refer to kite-flying.
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?
a. signal detection theory
b. frequency theory
c. opponent-process theory
d. place theory
e. bottom-up theory
Answer: Option (A)
Explanation:
Signal detection theory which is also referred to as the Detection theory is known as a way to evaluate the capability to make a distinction in between the information and data bearing arrangements and also haphazard patterns that tends to distract from data and information. In discipline such as electronics, the disengagement of patterns from the covering background is known as the signal recovery.
Pearl is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful. Ruby is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. Pearl probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of _____, whereas Ruby likely scores high on _____.
Answer:
The answer is agreeableness and extraversion, respectively.
Explanation:
Agreeablenes involves behaviours and attributes that are beneficial to others, such as trust, love and affection. A highly aggreable person will likely be helpful and empathic.
Extraversion is characterised by showing energic and expressive attitudes when the person is surrounded by a social group. Extraverted people enjoy the company and attention of others.
After finishing six pieces of toast with butter, Sally prepares a batch of brownies while eating large bowls of ice cream, yogurt, and cottage cheese. She then eats half a bag of cookies, a full pizza, and three baked potatoes, even though she does not feel hungry. After eating, she feels guilty, ashamed, and sad but does not vomit or make any other efforts to eliminate the calories she consumed. Sally appears to meet criteria fora. anorexia nervosab. bulimia nervosac. binge-eating disorderd. restrictive dieting
Answer:
c. binge-eating disorder
Explanation:
Binge eating eating disorder (BED) is a serious, life-threatening and preventable eating disorder defined by repeated periods of consuming large amounts of food (sometimes very rapidly and to the point of unpleasantness).
Sense of lack of control during binge eating; subsequent perception of embarrassment, depression or guilt; and not frequent use of inappropriate compensatory steps to combat binge eating.
Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?
In a movie theater with no windows and low illumination from emergency lights on the floor, Wesley's ability to navigate and find his way out will heavily rely on his photoreceptors. Photoreceptors are specialized cells in the retina of the eye that detect and respond to light stimuli, allowing us to perceive visual information.
There are two main types of photoreceptors in the human eye: rods and cones. Rods are highly sensitive to light but do not distinguish colors, while cones are less sensitive to light but enable color vision. Given the low illumination in the theater, Wesley's rods will be the most useful photoreceptors in this situation.
Rods are primarily responsible for vision in dim or low-light conditions, as they are more sensitive to light than cones. They contain a pigment called rhodopsin, which allows them to detect even small amounts of light. This sensitivity enables rods to function effectively in low-light environments, such as a dark movie theater.
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Wesley's rod photoreceptors will be most useful as he attempts to leave the dimly lit movie theater. Rods are specialized for low-light vision and are very sensitive to light. This allows them to function effectively in dark conditions.
Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. To see in such a dimly lit environment, Wesley's rod photoreceptors will be most useful. Rods are specialized for low-light vision and are more sensitive to light than cones. They can detect even a single photon of light, making them essential for navigating in low-light conditions like a dark movie theater. This ability to see in the dark, also known as dark adaptation, takes time as rods need to recover from light exposure.Stephanie, age 1, and her mother, Nikki, are participating in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The experimenter escorts them to a room and leaves them alone together. During this time, the ______ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, ______ is measured.
A) secure base; separation distress
B) secure base; stranger anxiety
C) separation distress; reunion reaction
D) separation distress; stranger comfort
Answer:
The correct words that fill the paragraph: "During this time, the ______ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, ______ is measured" are:
B) Secure base; stranger anxiety.
Explanation:
The Strange Situation was a method for identifying the child attachment with the mother and a strange created by Mary Ainsworth in 1960, the situation makes the child and the mother enter to a room with toys, the child be entertained by toys and slowly a strange come closer, first to the mother and next the child, when this step occurs, the mother leaves the room leaving the baby with the strange, at this moment, the researcher can visualize the reaction of the child and his/her possible anxiety.
Some suggest that students should study in a variety of places. This suggestion is based on research showing that people remember material better if they learned it in a number of different locations, compared to studying the same amount of time in one location. The suggestion solves a problem raised by
a. levels of processing.
b. the distributed practice effect.
c. the encoding specificity principle.
d. the spacing effect.
Answer:
The answer is c. the encoding specificity principle.
Explanation:
This principle attemps to explain how contextual cues affect memory. In other words, it states that memory is improved when there is more information to retrieve in the surroundings.
When students learn in different locations, they associate specific information with the place in which they studied, and it is less likely that they forget it.
A specialist in the HR department is invited to promote the cybersecurity program in community schools. Which three topics would the specialist emphasize in the presentation to draw students to this field? (Choose three.)
a. high earning potential
b. a career-field in high-demand
c. the CompTIA A+ certification provides an adequate knowledge base for the field
d. a job with routine, day-to-day tasks
e. service to the public
f. a field requiring a Ph.D. degree
Answer:
The three topics that would draw attention of the students towards the field of cyber security are high earning potential, a career-field in high-demand and service to the public.
Option: (a), (b) and (e)
Explanation:
High earning potential: first of all, students must be aware that they can have good earning in this field, because the foremost thing in any profession that draws the attention is the economic scope. A career-field in high-demand: the point that specialist in this field is the most sought personnel in the market grabs the attention for most of the students. Service to the public: every student sees themselves having a good personality who is involved in the social work and serving the public.Kathy’s parents believe she will never be able to graduate from college. Kathy is actually doing well in college, but she knows her parents expect her to fail. She eventually gives up and drops out of school. This is consistent with
A) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) confirmation bias.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) self-regulatory attribution.
Answer:
A) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
Explanation:
Self-fulfilling prophecy: The term self-fulfilling prophecy is proposed by Merton. It is defined as one of the socio-psychological phenomenon that define an individual's capability of expecting or predicting about something and the expectation or prediction made by the individuals turn out to be true just because he or she believes that it will happen and the occurrence of the behavior will fulfill those beliefs.
Hence, the self-fulfilling prophecy defines that an individual's beliefs will influence hie or her actions.
Example: Bank failures in the Great Depression.
Types:
1. Self-imposed prophecy.
2. Other-imposed prophecy.
10. In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective on personality, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the trait perspective can you cite?
Answer:
People do not act or behave with predictable consistency
Explanation:
One of the general criticisms of the trait perspective is that people do not act or behave with predictable consistency. This is based on the idea that a person might act differently as predicted or expected of them given the circumstances, their personal experiences, their mental and cognitive state at that point and other such factors. Hence, the trait perspective might not be able to provide an accurate description based on habitual patterns of behavior or action or thoughts.
Sharla, Thom, and Irving started working at the Golden Hotel one year ago. Though they were all hired at the same time and for the same position, Sharla is often viewed as being a leader on the team. Sharla is an example of a ________ leader.
Answer:
Sharla is an example of a non-sanctioned leader.
Explanation:
A non-sanctioned leader has the ability to influence other individuals within the organizational scenario.
In this case, even though the three individuals were hired for the same position and at the same time, it can be understood that Sharla has the ability to influence the others and is thus viewed as the leader. In this case she is an example of a non-sanctioned leader.
______ is a response to a stressful situation or event of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature. Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks, loss of memory, sleep disorders, and difficulty controlling emotions.
Answer:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Explanation:
The Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition where someone is dealing with the aftermath of an accident.
People live in a world where accidents happen and traumatic situations can lead to scary, shocking feelings that will later make someone experience symptoms that can make him act as if had a mental illness.
This is why we need to recognize that ptsd is not a mental illness and rather is the natural result of the brain to recover, in other words, a psychological injury that will manifest.
Brain changes in recovering the balance and chemistry will enable people to recover with proper treatment and only people with a diagnosis will be better enabled to identify the path to be followed.
Some of the effects of the disorder can last years, and often some episodes can trigger back the initial suffering.
Currently, the best approach to handle this can include some soft medication and the therapy where the person learns better from the situation they endured and are given counsel to embrace situations.