A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that ________.

Answers

Answer 1

The answer is Retroviruses integrate DNA randomly in the genome. While retroviruses integrate their DNA permanently in their host genome, hence a good tool for gene therapy, its risk of inserting DNA at an unintended location on target genome can cause insertional mutagenesis. This mutation can cause activation of oncogenes hence lead to tumor growth.


Answer 2
Retrovirus integrate DNA randomly in the genome. A retrovirus is type of virus that carries RNA as their form genetic material. Retrovirus are used as vectors in transfer of genetic material in a host cell. The result of that gene transfer is called chimera. The process of insertion of their genome in to the host genome is called reverse transcription. The process is catalyze by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.


Related Questions

____________ are the ultimate beneficiaries of a free and active media.

Answers

The people are the ultimate beneficiaries of a free and active media. Media is meant to inform the people of what is going on in the world in form of politics, business, sports and even fashion. This information reaches the people through the radio, television and print media.

Spores grow into a gametophyte with both _______________organs.

Answers

Spores grow into a gametophyte with both male and female organs. Because of this adaptation spores are able to clone themselves. This is also known as asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is an advantage to plants and spores because they do not have to rely on another plant to produce the other gamete needed to reproduce. This allows them to reproduce quickly and in large numbers.

You are assessing a​ 48-year-old male who is unconscious. the scene is safe and you hear the patient gurgling. what is your next​ action?

Answers

We should suction the airway.

This is because the thick mucus and secretions should be removed from the trachea.

What increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar?

Answers

The answer is Glucagon Increases. This works like this after a meal of a rich carbohydrate, over four to six hours the blood glucose level rise, leading to an increase in glycogen. Produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and released in response to low blood glucose and epinephrine. Secretion inhibited by high blood glucose and insulin. Stimulates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis

In humans, a cleft chin is dominant and no-cleft is recessive. What will the generations look like? Assume that Mendel’s method of crossing two true breeding parents with opposite traits is followed. Check all that apply.

The P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation will have all cleft chins.

The P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation will have all no-cleft chins.

The P generation and F1 generation will have all cleft chins.

The F1 generation will have all cleft chins.

The P generation and F2 generation will have all no-cleft chins.

The P generation and F2 generation will have cleft chins and no-cleft chins.

The P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation will have cleft chins and no-cleft chins.

Answers

The answers would be:

The F1 generation will have all cleft chins.

The P generation and F2 generation will have cleft chins and no-cleft chins.

If you'd like to know why:

Using Mendel's method of crossing:

Let C be the dominant trait and c be the recessive trait.

We do first the P generation. True breeding would been that both are homozygous, one is dominant and the other recessive.

CC x cc (This means in the P generation, we have both no cleft chins and cleft chins)

The Punnet for that would look like this:

      c         c

C  Cc       Cc

C  Cc       Cc

F1 generation would then all have cleft chins. If the genotype of the same trait consists of at least 1 dominant allele, then the dominant trait will be expressed. In this case, cleft chin.

Now we do the breading of F1 generation. So since they are all Cc, then the cross would be between two Cc.

Cc x Cc (F1 Generation)

The Punnet for that would look like this.

     C       c

C  CC    Cc

c   Cc     cc

As you can see we have a homozygous recessive in the mix now and the others are all dominant. So we can say that the F2 generation is a mix of cleft- and no cleft chin.

The generations will look like the following:

The F1 generation will have all cleft chinsThe P generation and F2 generation will have cleft chins and no-cleft chins.

According to this question, a gene coding for presence of cleft is involved. The allele for cleft chin (C) is dominant and no-cleft (c) is recessive.

If two true breeding parents are crossed i.e. CC (cleft chin) × cc (no cleft chin) (see attached image). The F1 generation consists of offsprings with Cc genotype.

If Cc × Cc are crossed to get the F2 generation, the following offsprings are produced: CC, Cc, Cc and cc.

CC will have a cleft chinCC will have a cleft chincc has no cleft

Therefore; the generations will look like the following:

The F1 generation (Cc) will have all cleft chinsThe P generation and F2 generation will have cleft chins and no-cleft chins.

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Which biome is characterized by conifers, or trees whose seeds grow in cones?

Answers

Taiga is the biome characterized by conifers. 
Tagia i think it is.

What is one example of a phenotypic change that is not genetic?

Answers

I think an example would be, Humans are larger than they were 100 years ago. This is not a genetic characteristic .Phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior and products of behavior. The Genotype on the other hand is the genetic make up of an organism.

4.

What is one example of a phenotypic change that is not genetic?

There is an increase in the number of dark moths in a population.

Humans are larger than they were 100 years ago.

Artificial selection is used to produce birds with purple feathers.

Changes occurred in the body shape of invertebrates over time.

In a brain surgery that went wrong, matthew lost a portion of his _____ cortex and has blindness in part of his field of vision. this condition is known as blindsight.

Answers

In a brain surgery that went wrong, Matthew lost a portion of his Visual cortex and has blindness in part of his field of vision. This condition is known as blindsight.

How long does it take to die from charcoal burning?

Answers


It Depends if your in a car it would take 4 minuets if your in a house it could take 3 weeks 

Carbon monoxide poisoning from charcoal burning can lead to death within hours, with initial symptoms including headaches and listlessness. Oxygen therapy significantly reduces the half-life of carbon monoxide in the blood, aiding in treatment. Carbon monoxide is a leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths due to its colorless and odorless nature.

It is a serious matter when dealing with carbon monoxide poisoning due to charcoal burning. The initial treatment for this type of poisoning involves removing the individual from the exposure and providing urgent medical care, which may include CPR and oxygen therapy. When breathing normal air, the half-life of carbon monoxide in the blood is approximately 320 minutes, but with the administration of oxygen via a non-rebreather mask, this can be reduced to just 80 minutes because oxygen helps to dissociate carbon monoxide from carboxyhemoglobin, converting it back into hemoglobin. As there are significant health risks involved, including loss of consciousness and death which can occur within hours, it is critical that individuals with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning receive medical attention immediately.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is produced by incomplete combustion in items such as cars and furnaces. Without proper ventilation or detection, this gas can quickly lead to death. Symptoms start off with flu-like signs, including headaches and listlessness, and without prompt treatment, severe exposure can result in unconsciousness and fatality. This is why homes and buildings are often equipped with carbon monoxide detectors to prevent such accidents. Carbon monoxide exposure is a leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in the United States.

Nuclei with a higher than desired neutron-to-proton ratios tend to undergo which type of decay?

Answers

Hey there!

Nuclei with a high neutron-to-proton ratio usually undergo a beta emission.

Beta emissions, unlike some other types, is radioactive decay throughout these particles, and can have half lives like other types of exponential (usually) decay. Neutrino, along with beta rays, are coming from, or emitted from the nucleus - hence the name.

Hope this helps!

A race car driver loses his leg in an accident. Apply Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution to predict whether this disability will be carried forward by his children.

Answers

Answer: A disability like this isn’t considered a genetic conditioning, so passing it on to his children isn’t possible.

Answer:

According to Lamarck's theory the mutation in the somatic cells would also be carried from the parents to the children.

But, Darwin's theory states that the somatic mutations are not carried to another generation. Only germ line mutations are carried from one generation to another.

Since, losing a leg during leg injury is not related to germ line so it would not be carried from parent to children.

This statement is true according to Darwin but false according to Lamarck's theory.

A pea plant with round seeds (RR) is crossbred with another pea plant with wrinkled seeds (rr). What is the probability of producing offspring with genotype Rr?

Answers

Answer: The probability of producing offspring with genotype Rr is 100%.

Explanation-

Round seed is a dominant trait ( depicted by dominant R allele) whereas wrinkled seed is a recessive trait ( depicted by recessive allele r).

According to the law of segregation of genes, the alleles will separate from one another during gamete formation.

Pea plant with round seeds will produce two gametes that is R and R whereas plant with wrinkled seeds will produce r and r gametes.

When the parents are crossed, they will result in the offspring with genotype Rr ( that will exhibit round seed phenotype).

Refer punnett square.


Answer: 50%

Explanation:

i just took the FLVS test

The brain has ______ major parts and they are called the ______.

Answers

The brain has THREE major parts, which are the BRAINSTEM, CEREBELLUM, and the CEREBRUM.

Answer:

3 major parts called the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain

If a nurse takes a blood sample immediately before and after a healthy persons performs exercise, which of the following is the most likely finding?

Answers

I think the one on the bottom.
The answer you are likely looking for is A. You don't breathe heavily before you begin to exercise, and you do later because the body is trying to bring in needed oxygen for the exercise.

So A is your best answer.

Are transactions for which there are, at present, no contracts or agreements between parties.
a.backlog exposure
b.quotation exposure
c.anticipated exposure
d.none of the above

Answers

its B quotation exposure (;

Mrs. smith presented to her physician's office for an office visit for an upper respiratory infection. the physician examines the patient and prescribes antibiotics. the physician notices the patient has a suspicious looking mole. the physician examined the mole and determined that it should be removed. the mole was removed during the same office visit. the physician bills both an e/m code and a procedure code. which modifier would you use on the e/m code

Answers

Correct answer: Modifier 25

Modifier 25 is used to report an evaluation and management service that is significantly unrelated to the surgical procedure performed by the same physician on the same day and the minor procedure was not planned but rather happen as a spontaneous decision made at the time of the physical examination.

examples of advantageous genes that can be transferred by transduction are genes for:

Answers

Gene transfer via transduction could be beneficial if the donor has a new gene that could produce a useful protein. This protein could be an enzyme with various effect like
1 digesting food(fermentation),
2 digesting drug(drug resistance) or
3 toxin that could kill the nearby cells(to decrease food competition).

identify which hormones are at work in each of the following events;
• a tomato ripening and turning red
• a plant stem increasing in height
• increased cell division seen under the microscope
• seed germination in a dandelion plant

Answers

the first one 
hope this helps

1.ethylene

2.auxins or gibberellins

3.cytokinins

4.gibberellins

Heteroplasmy occurs when 2 different dna sequences are found in nuclear dna as a result of the occurrence of a random mutation.

Answers

I think this is false; Heteroplasmy is the presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell or individual. It is an important factor considering the severity of mitochondrial diseases. Because most eukaryotic cells contain many hundreds of mitochondria with hundreds of copies of mitochondrial DNA. 
Final answer:

Heteroplasmy is the existence of more than one type of genetic code in the DNA, most commonly seen in mtDNA due to a higher mutation rate. These mutations contribute to the variation in species, affecting individual traits. Errors in meiosis due to these variations can cause genetic disorders.

Explanation:

What is Heteroplasmy?

Heteroplasmy is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple alleles in each cell, most commonly observed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It results due to a higher rate of mutations in mtDNA, as the typical error-checking on the replication provided by DNA polymerase is not present in the mitochondria. These mutations can be a result of spontaneous errors during DNA replication or induced mutations due to exposure to environmental agents like chemicals, UV rays etc.

Mutation and Variation in Species

Mutations, or variations in the nucleotide sequence of a genome, contribute to the diversity of individuals within a species. Each homologous pair of chromosomes in humans comes from a different parent resulting in non-identical genes (alleles), even though they might code for the same traits. Slight changes in nucleotide sequence within these alleles can result in an alternative trait, illustrating how heteroplasmy might impact individuals. As an example, consider the human chromosome that codes for blood type, variations in this gene sequence are what result in the different blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

Heteroplasmy and Genetic Disorders

Errors in meiosis due to spontaneous or induced mutations may also cause genetic disorders. Homologous chromosomes can exchange non-sister chromatid segments during meiosis, contributing further to genetic variation. However, errors in this process can lead to disorders; for instance, dominant lethal alleles can cause conditions like Huntington's disease, which results in nerve cell degeneration and death.

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commercial jets fly in the lower stratosphere. what happens to thhe exterior temperature of these planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground

Answers

Final answer:

As a jet transitions from the stratosphere back to the troposphere and ultimately to the ground, the exterior temperature of the plane increases due to higher air density and increased heat absorption in the lower atmosphere levels.

Explanation:

When a commercial jet transitions from the lower stratosphere back to the troposphere, the exterior temperature of the plane increases. In the troposphere, where most of our weather occurs, temperatures rise as it approaches the Earth's surface. This is due to the higher density of air and its ability to absorb and retain heat. The stratosphere above is generally colder and lacks the defining weather characteristics we see near ground level.

As the plane descends from the stratosphere to the troposphere, the increase in temperature is notably due to the fact that the stratosphere's temperature increases with altitude because of the ozone layer's absorption of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. However, the overall trend still shows a significant decrease in temperature as we climb from the Earth's surface to the upper levels of the stratosphere, thus when the plane returns to ground, it experiences an increase in the exterior temperature.

Learn more about Temperature Change in Atmospheric Layers here:

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A mutation that causes production of a defective pilus in a bacterium will prevent __________. view available hint(s) a mutation that causes production of a defective pilus in a bacterium will prevent __________. translation conjugation transduction transformation

Answers

I believe that a mutation which causes production of a defective pilus in a bacterium will prevent conjugation. Mutations are spontaneous random changes that occur in the genetic make up of an organism. Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell to cell contact or by a connection between two cells using special structures called pilus. Thus a mutation that produces a defective pilus will impair the process of conjugation. 

During what cycle do a series of reactions occur in the mitochondria which release carbon dioxide and produce some atp?

Answers

The appropriate answer in the KREBS CYCLE. The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle. It is a cyclic reaction series involving several carboxylic acids in the mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl groups are oxidized to carbon dioxide while reducing specific co-enzymes. These co-enzymes are now available for ATP synthesis. This cycle or process occurs in the cells mitochondria.  

List three signs that could make you think a chemical reaction might be taking place

Answers

change in color, change in temperature , production of light, production of gas , Formation of a precipitate, any of those will work
Hi there!!!

3 signs that indicate a chemical reaction is taking place are:

1.  Temperature change
2. Color change (rusting)
3. Release of gas bubbles
Others would be the formation of precipitate, the release of energy, or change in odor.

Hope this helped u!!

~TRUE BOSS


As liquid water freezes, the molecules arrange themselves in a way that takes up more space than liquid water. What would most likely occur if the arrangement of frozen water molecules required less space than that of liquid water molecules? (2 points)


The density of ice would be greater than the density of liquid water, and ice would not float.

Ice would form in layers, and liquid water would get trapped in between the layers.

Liquid water would have a higher specific heat, making it less likely to undergo vaporization.

The freezing point of water would decrease, making ice more difficult to for

Answers

The appropriate answer is A. the density of ice would be greater than the density of liquid water and so ice would not float. Density can be defined as mass per unit volume. Any substance whose mass is great and occupies a relatively small volume is going to be dense.

Water expands by nine to ten percent when it freezes and this expansion increases the space occupied or the volume and so the density of ice is less than water.
The answer would be A. When water freezes, it gets more space as a solid than it does as a liquid. Similar number or particles, but it will get more space and is therefore less dense. If water, when it froze, will get less space than water when it was liquid; meaning that the solid water would be more dense than the liquid water. Therefore it would sink to the bottom.

You are a doctor working in sierra leone. a patient presents with fever, vomiting, bleeding and a brain infection. which would be best to diagnose?

Answers

I would diagnose the patient with lassa fever. Lassa fever is an acute viral illness which lasts for 4 weeks. It occurs mostly in west Africa and Sierra leone is found in west Africa. Some of it's symptoms are fever, nausea or vomiting, headache and diarrhea. In severe cases bleeding will occur.

which is not a characteristic common to all minerals metallic luster orderly crystalline structure solid substance

Answers

Metallic luster is not a characteristic common to al minerals

metallic luster is your answer

In order to better understand similarities and differences among biological organisms, scientists developed a system of classification. initially, the system only consisted of two kingdoms - animalia and vegetabilia. now, there are six kingdoms - eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia. this demonstrates that

Answers

This illustrates that the science of taxonomy is continually evolving and improving as more knowledge is derived and scientists understand evolution better. The discovery of more and more fossil evidence showing the branching of major taxonomic units has improved this knowledge. Further modern technology, such as genetic and molecular techniques, have allowed scientists to study the relatedness of existing species.

sytems of classification are adaptable

When an organism of many cells breaks up into two or more parts and these parts survive to produce a new organism, reproduction occurs by _____.

A. Budding
B. Fragmentation
C.Propagation

Answers

The answer is B. fragmentation. 

Answer:

The answer is B. Fragmentation

Explanation:

Fragmentation is a process or method of asexual reproduction presented by certain organisms, in which an individual is divided into two or more parts, which become a new organism. The organism that originates from this asexual division are identical to the original organism.

The large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes is an important clue to evolutionary relationships. it is called the

Answers

Answer:It is called The Foramen Magnum

Explanation: It is a large oval opening linking the Spinal cord and the Brain

Hope this helps : )

A client with congestive heart failure is admitted to the hospital after reporting shortness of breath. how should the nurse position the client in order to decrease preload?

Answers

I think the nurse should position the client, with the Head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees and lower arms supported by pillows in order to reduce preload. Cognitive heart failure symptoms is a heart condition that causes symptoms of shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, and swelling of legs, ankles, and feet. 
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