Answer:
d. cluster sample
Explanation:
Cluster sampling is characterized as a sampling method which various clusters of individuals are generated from a population where they are representative of homogeneous features and have equal opportunities to be component of the sample.
A simple random sample is generated from the various clusters in the population in this sampling method.
The sampling method where the forest is divided into plots and a random selection of those plots have every Sugar Maple measured is an example of cluster sampling.
Explanation:The situation you've described, where a maple sugar manufacturer divides a large forest into several hundred 10 meter by 10 meter plots and then selects 25 plots at random to measure the trunk diameter of every Sugar Maple in each one, is an example of a cluster sample. In cluster sampling, the population is divided into clusters (in this case, the 10m x 10m plots), and a random selection of these clusters is made. All members (Sugar Maple trees, in this situation) within the chosen clusters are then studied. This method is different from a simple random sample (SRS) where each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected, and different from a stratified sample which involves dividing the population into strata and sampling each stratum proportionally.
An attempt to reduce inflation requires _____________ fiscal policy, which causes real GDP to _________ and the price level to __________.
Answer:
Explanation:
TO CONTRACT in order to pay more taxes and spend less money to avoid a price hike. DECREASE, if people spend less money the GDP is affected because of the purchases and the price level obviously prives FALL.
On December 31, 2017, a company sells a plant asset that originally cost $375,000, receiving cash of $125,000. The accumulated depreciation account had a balance of $150,000 after the current year's depreciation of $37,500 had been recorded. The company should recognize a:
Answer:
A loss of $100,000.00
Explanation:
Plants details:
Original cost price: $375,000.00
Depreciation to date : $ 150,000.00
Selling price: $ 125,000.00
Calculating the book value:
=original price-depreciation
=$375,000.00-$150,000.00
=$225,000
Calculating profit and loss
= Selling price -book value
=$125,000- $ 225,000
=($100,000.00)
A loss of $100,000.00
Sears department stores used to plant employees in competitors’ stores to perform research and analysis. Recently the company implemented a system that can search competitor websites and provide comparisons of price, promotions, and availability and the system is saving time, money, and resources. What type of system did Sears implement?A. shopping algorithm.B. shopping network.C. shopping logic.D. shopping bot.
Answer:
D) shopping bot
Explanation:
A shopping bot is a software that compares the price of online products or services. Usually consumers use shopping bots to search the prices of products or services on several online stores and try to find the lowest possible price for the same product. Sear will probably use the shopping bot to compare if their own prices are higher or lower than their competition.
1. Which of the following are the primary functions of all organizations? A) Production/Operations, Marketing, and Human Resources B) Marketing, Human Resources, and Finance/Accounting C) Sales, Quality Control, and Production/Operations D) Marketing, Production/Operations, and Finance/Accounting E) Research and Development, Finance/Accounting, and Purchasing
Answer:
D) Marketing, Production/Operations, and Finance/Accounting
In a study on the effect of music on worker productivity, employees were told that a different genre of background music would be played each day and the corresponding production outputs noted. Every change in music resulted in an increase in production. This is an example of?
Answer:
Hawthorne effect
Explanation:
The Hawthorne effect refers to a reaction of the workers included in this experiment where their behavior will be modified (their productivity increased) simply because they know they are being observed. The study should be about how changes in the environment affect productivity, but what really affects productivity is the fact that the workers know they are being part of the study.
In the original Hawthorne experiments, if lighting was increased, productivity increased, but if lighting decreased, productivity also increased. So the changes in productivity had nothing to due with lightning conditions, but rather the fact that the workers were being part of an experiment.
Davy's reduction in productivity after not receiving a raise demonstrates that there is low _____________ between performance and outcomes and that he holds a strong __________ on outcomes, such as raises.A. Valence, InstrumentalityB. Instrumentality, ValenceC. Expectancy, InstrumentalityD. Expectancy, ValenceE. Valence, Expectancy
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Instrumentality, Valence.
Explanation:
Víctor Vroom's motivational model has been studied and improved over time by other authors such as Porter and Lawler.
The Vroom model is based on three assumptions:
The forces within individuals and those present in their work situation combine to motivate and determine behavior. Individuals make conscious decisions about their behavior. The selection of a particular course of action depends on the expectation that certain behavior of one or more desired results rather than undesirable results.The author of this theory explains that motivation is the result of multiplying three factors:
Valencia: It demonstrates the level of desire of a person to reach a certain goal or objective. This level of desire varies from person to person and in each of them it can vary over time, being conditioned by the experience of each individual. The range of values that valence can admit in this mathematical equation is between –1 and 1. When a person does not want to reach a certain result (eg being fired from their job) the value adopted is –1, when the result is Indifferent (Ex. Compensation in money) the value is 0 and when the person intends to reach the objective (Ex. Obtain a promotion) its value will be +1 Expectation: It is represented by the person's conviction that the effort placed in their work will produce the desired effect. Its value varies between 0 and 1 since the expectation is the probability of occurrence of the desired result. Expectations depend largely on the perception that the person has of himself, if the person considers that he has the necessary capacity to achieve the objective, he will be assigned a high expectation, otherwise he will be assigned a low expectation. Instrumentality: It is represented by the judgment made by the person that once the work is done, the organization values it and receives its reward. The instrumentality value will be between 0 and 1.Despite its name, Choco Central is located in a small shopping center far from customers. However, the company enjoys outstanding business because satisfied customers share their enjoyable experiences at Choco Central with their friends and relatives. Choco Central apparently benefits from positive
a) trade advertising.
b) word of mouth.
c) sales promotion.
d) public relations.
Answer:
Word of mouth.
Explanation:
Word of mouth publicity or marketing strategy is very reliable and essential to grow. It is free of cost publicity where consumer spread company´s brand name with the experience they had. Here, each customer could bring hundred of customers if had positive experience with the goods and services of the company. This publicity have a power of getting many loyal customers as experienced customer put their credibility on line. It also help the company to penetrate in the market and grow their market share. To encourage customer, companies also come up with different campaign or promotion plan for loyal customers.
Choco Central benefits from word of mouth, as satisfied customers recommend the store to others due to their positive experiences. This unpaid form of promotion is very powerful, leading to repeat business and the ability to charge higher prices based on a strong reputation.
Explanation:Choco Central enjoys outstanding business even though it is located far from customers. This success is due to satisfied customers sharing their enjoyable experiences with friends and relatives, which is an example of word of mouth. Word of mouth advertising is when pleased customers act as advocates for a business purely based on their positive experiences, so they recommend the business to others.
Firms cherish having repeat customers and good reputations because this leads to customers trusting in their products and services. An excellent reputation reduces worries about poor-quality products. As a result, well-reputed firms can charge higher prices compared to those with less established reputations, as customers have greater assurance in the quality they will receive.
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. Which resource management task establishes and maintains the readiness of resources and ensures providers are paid in a timely manner? A. Track and Report B. Reimburse and Restock C. Mobilize D. Order and Acquire
Answer: Option B
Explanation: In simple words, Reimburse refers to the group of activities that focuses on providing the return to the sources who are proving resources to the organisation.
While on the other hand, restocking refers to the futon under which the management of an organisation tries to keep recording of the funds needed so that payments to the resource providers can be made in a timely manner as it can harm the reputation of the firm and its relation with the suppliers.
Members of the European Monetary Union A. adopt a common currency called the euro. B. float their domestic currency exchange rate with both the euro and the rest of the world. C. can continue to use their own domestic currency but are required to hold a stipulated amount of a common currency. D. cannot hold reserves of the common currency.
Answer:
A. adopt a common currency called the euro
Explanation:
A monetary union:
1. adopts a common currency called the euro
2. hold reserves in the common currency
3. Monetary policy is jointly determined
John owns a number of hot dog stands in New York City. He hires workers to sell hot dogs at his stands. Which of the following events will lead to a decrease in John's demand for hot dog vendors?a. Hollywood glamorization of a new movie about a hot dog vendor leads hundreds of high-school students in New York City to apply for a job at John's.b. The price of hot dogs falls.c. The local hot dog vendors form a union increasing hot dog vendor wages.d. The demand curve for hot dogs shifts to the right.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b.
Explanation:
John owns hot dog stands that sell hot dogs in New York City. He employs vendors to sell hot dogs at these stands.
A decrease in the price of hot dogs will reduce the revenue and profits earned by John. So John will hire fewer workers for his stands to reduce costs.
This will cause John's demand for hot dog vendors to decline.
Final answer:
The event that will decrease John's demand for hot dog vendors is the formation of a union that increases vendor wages, as higher wages mean higher costs for employers, thus reducing demand for labor.
Explanation:
The event that will lead to a decrease in John's demand for hot dog vendors is option C: The local hot dog vendors form a union increasing hot dog vendor wages. This is because when wages increase, the cost of hiring workers rises, which in turn reduces the quantity of labor demanded by employers.
If we refer to the principles of supply and demand, and the ways they interact with market conditions, you can see this reflected in several instances:
The opening of new nightclubs would impact demand for other entertainment, such as movie tickets, which is an example of the substitution effect wherein consumers have more entertainment choices.
Tax elimination for local entertainment businesses can increase the supply of movies (or any other good) due to lower operating costs.
The increase in the price of a substitute good (like hot dogs) would generally increase demand for the good in question (hamburgers). Conversely, if the price of a complements good (like hamburger buns) increases, it would make the total cost of the end product (burger with a bun) more expensive, potentially reducing demand for both goods.
However, in the question at hand about John's hot dog stands, the increase in worker wages is the direct factor leading to a decrease in demand for workers, independent of these other market factors.
"Competitive advantage of nations" is a phrase coined by Joseph Stiglitz, identifying a nation as having a cluster of similar producers which gives the nation a special advantage over other countries.
True / False.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The authors who first mentioned this concept were the classics, Adam Smith and David Ricardo especially, and it was David Ricardo the first economist in developing a whole theory about international trading and competitive and comparative advantages among nations, recently Michael Porter has developed a similar theory called the Porter's diamond in which he determines the factors that make countries more competitive and through which they achieve business success, he wrote a book called "the competitive advantage of nations".
Chris Co. has three segments - Surfing, Mountain Biking, and Fly Fishing. The Surfing segment is currently producing 1000 units annually. The units sell for $500 each. The cost of each unit is $400. The Surfing segment spends $110,000 on product design each year. The segment also is allocating $100,000 of annual facility-level costs. Calculate the avoidable cost of Chris Co. were to eliminate the Surfing segment.
Answer:
The tennis department relevant costs (avoidable costs) are variable manufacturing costs ($400,000) and product design ($110,000).
Explanation:
First of all Chris Co. should eliminate its surfing department (since it is not profitable) only if it can use their production facilities to make something else that does generate profit or just sell that facility.
surfing department net profit = $500,000 - $610,000 = -$110,000 or $110,000 net loss
The department's major loss comes from the allocation of $100,000 in facility level costs, but these costs are not relevant or avoidable. Relevant costs are costs that can be avoided by making a business decision like closing a business department.
In order to produce 100 pairs of oven gloves, Marcia incurs an average total cost of $2.50 per pair. Marcia’s marginal cost is constant at $10.00 for every pair of oven gloves produced. The total cost to produce 50 pairs of oven gloves is:
a. $250.00
b. $500.00
c. $300.00
d. $200.00
Answer:
option (d) $200.00
Explanation:
Average total cost for 100 pairs = $2.50
Marginal cost for every pair = $10.00
Now,
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost
or
Fixed cost = Total cost - variable cost
or
Fixed cost = (Average total cost × 100) - (Marginal cost × 100)
= ($2.5 × 100) - ($1 × 100)
= $250 - $100
= $150
thus,
Total cost to produce 50 pairs of oven gloves
= fixed cost + variable cost
= $150 + (50 × $1)
= $150 + $50
= $200
Hence,
option (d) $200.00
The total cost to produce 50 pairs of oven gloves, given an average total cost of $2.50 per pair, is $125.00. The calculation involves multiplying the average total cost by the number of oven gloves produced.
Explanation:To calculate the total cost to produce 50 pairs of oven gloves, we use the provided average total cost per pair which is given as $2.50. Average total cost is the total cost divided by the number of units produced. If the average total cost to produce oven gloves is $2.50 per pair:
Multiply the average total cost by the number of oven gloves Marcia produces.So, the calculation would be: 50 pairs * $2.50/pair = $125.00.Therefore, Marcia’s total cost to produce 50 pairs of oven gloves is $125.00, which isn't an option in the provided choices. The provided marginal cost is not relevant to this particular calculation as it represents the cost to produce an additional unit, not the average cost per unit.
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You are involved in an Information Systems project. The project's scope has widened, but there is no change in cost, quality, and user expectations. This will result in an increase in time taken to complete the project. True or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Project scope deals with the specific requirements or tasks necessary to complete the project. Scope is important to manage on any project, because if you can’t control the scope of the project, you’re not likely to deliver it on time. Also should the scope get widened it will result in time taken to complete the project.
Every project is faced with the triple constraint, which are the time, scope and cost.
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A u.s. treasury bond is a______________.
a. store of value and common medium of exchange.
b. store of value, but not a common medium of exchange.
c. a common medium of exchange, but not a store of value.
d. neither a store of value nor a common medium of exchange.
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Explanation:
The US treasury bond is the bond which is a debt securities that have a maturity of more than 10 years but less than the 30 years. It pays the fixed interest rate each year.
It has a store of value which means an asset that maintains the value without depreciating it, but not the common medium of the exchange.
According to classical economics, a decrease in aggregate demand causes the price level to _____________ in the long run. On the other hand, an increase in aggregate demand causes the price level to _____________ in the long run. These changes occur because of _____________.
a. increase; decrease; government intervention
b. increase; decrease; price flexibility
c. decrease; increase; government intervention
d. decrease; increase; price flexibility
Answer: Decrease, Increase, Price flexibility.
Explanation: According to classical economics, a decrease in aggregate demand causes the price level to DECREASE in the long run. On the other hand, an increase in aggregate demand causes the price level to INCREASE in the long run. These changes occur because of PRICE FLEXIBILITY.
In a flexible market the forces of demand and supply determines the prices of commodities in the market.
As the demand Falls the prices also fall as the demand rises the prices of commodities also rises.
A company purchased land for $90,000 cash. Real estate brokers' commission was $5,000 and $7,000 was spent for demolishing an old building on the land before construction of a new building could start. Under the cost principle, the cost of land would be recorded atA. $102,000.B. $97,000.C. $90,000.D. $95,000.
Answer:
A. $102,000
Explanation:
The computation of the cost of land under the cost principle is shown below:
= Purchase value of land + Real estate brokers' commission + demolishing an old building cost
= $90,000 + $5,000 + $7,000
= $102,000
Under the cost principle, the fixed should be recorded at cost. So, we consider the purchase value of land, commission and demolishing cost.
Dora Inc. reported the following on the company's cash flow statement: Sales $3,500,000 Net cash flow from operating activities 350,000 Net cash flow used for investing activities (100,000) Net cash flow used for financing activities (200,000) Free cash flow 290,000 What is the ratio of free cash flow to sales? a.8.3% b.1.4% c.10.0% d.12.0%
Answer:
option a. 8.3%
Explanation:
Data provided in the question:
Sales = $3,500,000
Net cash flow from operating activities = $350,000
Net cash flow used for investing activities = $100,000
Net cash flow used for financing activities = $200,000
Free cash flow = $290,000
Now,
The Free Cash Flow to Sales Ratio = [ Free Cash Flow ÷ Sales ] × 100 %
= [ $290,000 ÷ $3,500,000 ] × 100 %
= 8.3%
Hence,
The correct answer is option a. 8.3%
The exchange rate is A) the price of one currency relative to gold. B) the value of a currency relative to inflation. C) the change in the value of money over time. D) the price of one currency relative to another.
Answer:
D. the price of one currency relative to another
Explanation:
An exchange rate is the value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone
Every time Tim goes to bat in his baseball game, he rubs the charm on the necklace that his professional baseball player uncle gave him. This charm has never failed to help him get a good hit. The charm has become part of Tim's extended self .
A. True.
B. False
Answer:
The correct answer is True.
Explanation:
The notion of the Extended Self includes what I am and what is mine, this second aspect implies that we feel some control over the objects we possess or with which we relate; Within both categories we could then include body parts, pets, other people (such as our parents or friends), property, money, ideas, values, beliefs, objects, elements of our environment, among others.
Find the accumulated value of an investment of $ 10 comma 000 for 3 years at an interest rate of 6 % if the money is a. compounded semiannually; b. compounded quarterly; c. compounded monthly d. compounded continuously.
Answer:
a) $11,940.52
b) $11,956.18
c) $11,966.81
d) $11,910.16
Explanation:
Given:
Investment amount = $10,000
Time = 3 years
Interest rate = 6%
Now,
Amount = [tex]P\times(1+\frac{r}{n})^{nt}[/tex]
A = total amount
P = principal or amount of money deposited,
r = annual interest rate
n = number of times compounded per year
t = time in years
Thus,
a) compounded semiannually
n = 2
[tex]Amount = \$10,000\times(1+\frac{0.06}{2})^{2\times3}[/tex]
Amount = $10000 × 1.03⁶
or
Amount = $11,940.52
b) compounded quarterly
n = 4
[tex]Amount = \$10,000\times(1+\frac{0.06}{4})^{4\times3}[/tex]
Amount = $10000 × 1.015¹²
or
Amount = $11,956.18
c) compounded monthly
n = 12
[tex]Amount = \$10,000\times(1+\frac{0.06}{12})^{12\times3}[/tex]
Amount = $10000 × 1.00536³⁶
or
Amount = $11,966.81
d) compounded continuously
n = 12
[tex]Amount = \$10,000\times(1+\frac{0.06}{1})^{1\times3}[/tex]
Amount = $10000 × 1.06³
or
Amount = $11,910.16
Brian wants to purchase a new computer and go to the Caribbean for spring break. The computer is priced at $1,299, and the vacation is priced at $750. He has only $1,537 in his checking account, so he cannot afford to purchase both. After much thought, Brian buys the computer and writes a check for $1,299.
Answer:
Role of Money is given below as Unit of Account , Store of value and Medium of Exchange
Explanation:
given data
computer priced = $1,299
vacation priced = $750
his checking account = $1,537
to find out
Role of Money
solution
here Brian is easily determine price difference that the computer priced is more than the price of the vacation = Unit of Account
as money being the standardize measure price of 2 unit
and
Brian checking account is $1,537 this is = Store of value
as money is stored in his account, that can be used later for any purpose
and
as Brian write check is $1,299 so it is = Medium of Exchange
as money is used to exchange with the computer
Most companies today want their salespeople to _______, which means demonstrating and delivering superior customer value and capturing a return on that value that is fair for both the customer and the company.A. practice value sellingB. use a transaction-oriented sales approachC. close salesD. cut prices to make the saleE. capture short-term business
Answer:
Letter A is correct. Practice value selling.
Explanation:
A value selling is characterized by strategies and techniques that a skilled sales team uses to maximize sales and results.
To selling value rather than price, the seller must demonstrate to the customer the added benefits of the product, influencing their perception of value creation, with a focus on results and benefits the customer will have after purchasing their product.
If substantial batch-level or product-level costs exist, then overhead allocation based on a measure of volume such as direct labor-hours alone:
a. must be used for external financial reporting since activity-based costing cannot be used for external reporting purposes
b. will systematically over cost high-volume products and under cost low-volume products
c. is a key aspect of the activity-based costing model
d. will systematically over cost low-volume products and under cost high-volume products
Answer:
b. will systematically over cost high-volume products and under cost low-volume products
Explanation:
if we have a substantial batch level or product level cost exist thenthe overhead allocationshould be on the basis of direct labor hours because it will helpfully charge actual cost of overhead to that department as per actual labor hours used for that and it willa also help to overcost high volume products and undercost low volume products.
What is the effect of a federal budget surplus? As a result of the federal budget surplus, the A. supply curve for loanable funds will shift to the left. B. supply curve for loanable funds will shift to the right. C. demand curve for loanable funds will shift to the right. D. demand curve for loanable funds will shift to the left.
Answer:
The correct answer is option B.
Explanation:
A government budget surplus implies that the revenue to the government is greater than government spending. This difference between government revenue and spending can also be referred to as government saving.
This government saving increases the supply of loanable funds. This increase in supply shifts the supply curve for loanable funds to the right. This rightward shift in the supply curve will cause the rate of interest to decrease.
This decline in interest rate reduces the cost of borrowing, so investment will increase.
Jacqui decides to open her own business and earns $50,000 in accounting profit the first year. When deciding to open her own business, she withdrew $20,000 from her savings, which earned 5 percent interest. She also turned down three separate job offers with annual salaries of $30,000, $40,000, and $45,000. What is Jacqui's economic profit from running her own business?
a.$-56,000
b.$-6,000
c.$4,000
d.$19,000
Answer:
C) $4,000
Explanation:
To determine Jacqui's economic profit we can use the following formula:
economic profit = accounting profit - implicit costsimplicit costs = opportunity costs, in Jacqui's case they include lost wages and lost interest
Jacqui's economic profit = $50,000 - [($20,000 x 5%) + $45,000] = $50,000 - $46,000 = $4,000
What is fiat money?
A. money issued by financial intermediaries, such as banks, but not the central bank
B. money that has value independent of its use as money
C. an asset that has the ability to be easily converted into the medium of exchange
D. money that is authorized by a central bank and that does not have to be exchanged for gold or some other commodity money
a) - money issued by the financial intermediaries such as banks but not the central bank
Fiat money is currency that a government has declared to be legal tender. It is not backed by a physical commodity, but rather the faith and credit of the issuing government.
Fiat money is a type of currency that a government declares to be legal tender, despite it not being backed by a physical commodity, such as gold or silver. It has value primarily because the government maintains its validity for the payment of taxes and requires it to be accepted as a form of payment within the country. Essentially, the value of fiat money is derived from the faith and credit of the economy's government rather than any material worth.
Fiat money is useful as a medium of exchange because it is stable, generally accepted, and convenient. However, because it is not linked to a physical reserve, it is subject to inflation and changes in public confidence. This is evident in the statement printed on each U.S. bill: "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private."
Television is different from film in that
Group of answer choices
None of the answers are correct
film is viewed in large format,
creating a different aesthetic experience all answers correct television images are made up of pixels that are constantly changing television images contain less information than film (low definition)
Answer: The correct answer is "all answers correct".
Explanation: The television contains images of lower quality than the films since the films are made individually with the aim of creating an experience of cinematographic entertainment totally different from that offered by television.
After studying the differences between groups and teams, Devon realizes that she and the people she works with every day fall somewhere between the two. She and her coworkers might be described as being __________.a. semiautonomousb. self-directedc. management directedd. undirected
Answer:
a. semi-autonomous
Explanation:
Semi autonomous has a dictionary meaning that states being independent to some defined extent.
In the given instance also Devon thinks that her colleagues or coworkers are somewhere between the two categories, that is up to a certain extent they are really independent in their views. While on the other hand, at some situations their views depend on the things like views of coworkers.
Thus, using the term that the coworkers are semi autonomous is correct as to the concern they can exercise their own powers in half way.
What are the three conditions for a market to be perfectly competitive? For a market to be perfectly competitive
Answer:
There are three conditions for an formation of a perfectly competitive market which are:
- There are many buyers and sellers participating in the market in the way that one buyer or seller or a group of buyers or sellers can not decide the price/ production level of a product or service in the market.
- All firms in the market produce and sell homogeneous product/service, that is, product/service sold in the market are non-differentiated.
- Firms should be able to get into or leaving the market easily if they want so. That is, there should be no barrier to enter or to exit the market.
Explanation:
There are three conditions for a market to be perfectly competitive, namely a large number of buyers and sellers, homogenous products, and perfect knowledge.
Perfect competition is a situation in which numerous small firms compete against each other in order to sell goods or services to many small buyers.
This situation can only occur if specific conditions are met, which are listed below:
Large number of buyers and sellers - the existence of a large number of sellers and buyers implies that no single buyer or seller may significantly influence the market's equilibrium price.
Homogeneous goods - it means the products are identical, meaning they are perfect substitutes for each other.Perfect knowledge - All the participants in the market should have perfect information about the products they are dealing with.
Perfect competition is a situation in which numerous small firms compete against each other in order to sell goods or services to many small buyers. This situation can only occur if specific conditions are met. There are three conditions for a market to be perfectly competitive, namely a large number of buyers and sellers, homogenous products, and perfect knowledge.
The first condition is a large number of buyers and sellers. The existence of a large number of sellers and buyers implies that no single buyer or seller may significantly influence the market's equilibrium price. This is because they are price takers, which means they have to accept the market price that is determined by supply and demand forces. The second condition is homogenous goods.
It means the products are identical, meaning they are perfect substitutes for each other. The consumers cannot differentiate between products based on their quality, brand, or any other feature, and are willing to pay the same price for the same product. The third condition is perfect knowledge.
All the participants in the market should have perfect information about the products they are dealing with. They should be aware of the quality, price, and availability of the product. This condition ensures that the market is transparent, and all participants are making informed decisions.
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