Answer:
instruction cycle
Explanation:
The electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing operations specified by the instructions given is called a PROCESSOR or a CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU).
A processor FETCHES instructions that is stored in memory that is to say fetch, involves retrieving infomation. After fetching, we have the DECODING, the processor decodes all programs to be executed and EXECUTE this instructions. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE.
As designs incorporate new technologies, it can seem like an actor is walking through a projection or even become part of a projection on stage
A. True.
B. False.
Answer:
The answer to the given question is "True".
Explanation:
In computer science, Design is an oriented programming language, that includes text, graphics, style elements, etc. It is used to convert the projection into 3D to 2D which means a three-dimensional to two-dimensional object and uses to display the improve projection.
That's why the answer to this question is "True".
Final answer:
Yes, actors can interact with projections on stage, creating immersive experiences where they appear to walk through or become part of these projections, thanks to advanced theatrical technologies.
Explanation:
It is true that as designs incorporate new technologies, an actor can appear to walk through a projection or even become part of a projection on stage. Advances in technology, including methods such as holographic projections and advanced video effects, have significantly expanded the range of creative possibilities for theatrical productions. The incorporation of these technologies allows the creation of stunning visual narratives that can be intertwined with live performances, enhancing the overall theatrical experience.
In contemporary theatre, technologies such as computer automation, advanced lighting systems, and projection mapping have evolved to the point where scenery and actor interactions with projections can be highly sophisticated. Consider productions like Spiderman: Turn Off the Dark or War Horse, in which computerized mechanics and video effects play a crucial role in storytelling. Furthermore, the role of a scene designer has become multifaceted, encompassing aspects from artist and engineer to computer programmer and historian.
With the integration of technology, designers and performers work together to create immersive experiences for the audience, where actors seamlessly interact with digital elements. These collaborations bridge the gap between the physical world and the artistic vision, allowing spectators to immerse themselves deeper into the world of the play, transcending the limits of traditional stage design.
Which of the following is false? A. The last element of an array has position number one less than the array size. B. The position number contained within square brackets is called a subscript. C. A subscript cannot be an expression. D. All of these.
Answer:
C.A subscript cannot be an expression
Explanation:
The option C (A subscript cannot be an expression) is false
The false statement is a subscript that cannot be an expression. The correct option is C.
What is subscript?An integer, real, complex, logical, or byte expression is a subscript expression. It must be an integer expression, according to the FORTRAN Standard.
Subscript is most typically encountered in chemical formulations, where the text right below the surrounding text specifies the number of atoms required to create the formula. H₂O, the chemical symbol for water, is a very typical example.
Writing can be described as any standard system of marks or signs that expresses a language's utterances. Language becomes visible through writing. Writing, unlike speech, is concrete and, by comparison, permanent.
Therefore, the correct option is C. A subscript cannot be an expression.
To learn more about subscripts, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/28083256
#SPJ5
A junior network administrator tells you that he can ping a DNS server successfully using its IP address, but he has not tested domain name lookups. What utility on the command line would you suggest your colleague use next?
a.tracerouteb.nbtstatc.ipconfigd.nslookup
Answer:
I would suggest "nslookup" utility on command line.
Explanation:
nslookup is a network administration command line tool and it is aimed for querying the Domain Name System to get domain name.
The nslookup command queries DNS servers and shows information about any DNS records.
Therefore, to test domain name lookups, one should use nslookup command.
An excellent typist is given a new computer with a keyboard that has the keys arranged on the basis of how frequently the letters are used, as opposed to the standard keyboard arrangement. Until the typist learns this new keyboard, his familiarity with the standard keyboard will result in his being plagued by?
Final answer:
A proficient typist accustomed to the QWERTY layout will struggle with a new arrangement due to keyboard familiarity, leading to errors and slower typing speed until they adapt to the new layout.
Explanation:
An excellent typist who is used to the standard QWERTY keyboard arrangement will likely be plagued by errors and a decrease in typing speed when first using a keyboard arranged by the frequency of letter usage. This difficulty is due to muscle memory and keyboard familiarity, with their fingers automatically moving to where they expect the keys to be on a QWERTY layout. Changing to a different keyboard layout, like the more ergonomically efficient Dvorak layout, involves a learning curve and retraining, which can be a significant short-term investment despite the potential for long-term benefits in efficiency and comfort.
The initial design of QWERTY was actually to prevent jamming of typewriter keys by slowing down the typing speed, but now the layout persists due to widespread usage and the high cost of transitioning to an alternative. Despite alternative layouts like Dvorak offering potential advantages, the market has not universally adopted them, much like how VHS overcame Betamax despite the latter's superior quality. Overall, individual and market preferences combined with the retraining costs have kept the QWERTY layout dominant.
Which browser should you choose if you want speed, synchronization with other computers and accounts, and a simple interface?
Answer:
chrome!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Explanation:
dont use firefox
Your computer displays the error message ""A disk read error occurred."" You try to boot from the Windows setup DVD and you get the same error. What is most likely the problem? Group of answer choices
Answer:
The answer to this question is "The boot system order is placed before the optical drive to boot from the hard drive".
Explanation:
In the question, it is defined that a computer displays an error message that is "A disk read error occurred" to solve this error firstly we boot the machine, that requests to launch the HDD process that placed before the DVD drive. For boot the machine we press function keys that are (F1 to F12).To use this process the error message problem will solve automatically.1. What do we mean when we say a programming language is “higher-level?” Why would a developer use a higher-level language?
A higher-level programming language is one that provides more abstraction and built-in features, making it easier to write complex programs. Developers use higher-level languages for quicker development, increased productivity, and easier maintenance of code.
Explanation:A higher-level programming language refers to a language that provides more abstraction and built-in features to the programmer, making it easier to write complex programs without worrying about low-level details like memory management. Developers use higher-level languages like Python and R because they allow for quicker development, increased productivity, and easier maintenance of code. For example, Python incorporates high-level features like dynamic typing, automatic memory management, and a large standard library, which simplifies the coding process and allows developers to focus on problem-solving.
On your Web page, you include various links and clickable images that have the ability to trigger various functions when users click them with the mouse. What term describes user-initiated action on a Web page?
Answer:
Event is the correct answer to the given question.
Explanation:
Because when user clicks from the mouse on the image or any link then the clickable event triggered the various function. Event one of the essential part of DOM. It is an important event in the JavaScript. When the left button of the mouse is clicked on the images or links which are clickable then the mouseup event occurs.
HTML contains the set if an events when the user click on the clickable events then the JavaScript code are triggered
When Shelly downloaded an arcade game from an unknown Internet Web site, an unauthorized connection unknown to Shelly was established with her computer. The arcade game is most likely to be ________. A. adware B. a Trojan horse C. spyware D. encryption E. a worm.
Answer:
B. a Trojan horse
Explanation:
A Trojan Horse is a malware that disguises itself as a legitimate code or software. In this scenario, Shelly downloaded what she thought was an arcade game. When the file is executed, it gives the attacker remote access to the affected computer allowing them to steal and access sensitive information on the user's computer This type of Trojan Horse malware is specifically known as a Remote Access Trojan (RAT).
SONET: is a standard for optical transmission that currently operates at Terabit per second speeds is almost identical to the ITU-T standard, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) uses existing copper cabling and the PSTN network refers to Sprint Overall Network is not currently available, even in large cities
Answer:
The correct option to the following question is an option (B).
Explanation:
SONET is also known as the Synchronous Optical Network which is the optical fiber that is used to establishes digital communication and it is also the transmission system, it was evolved in the 1980's by the Bellcore in United States.
It is the subset of SDH and SDH is also known as the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy that is used for the transmission and transport the communication signals
DOS was the most common operating system for Microsoft-based computers before the introduction of Windows. DOS required the user to type instructions into the computer through an interface system known as command line. From an HCT point of view, how does the Windows operating system compare to its predecessor DOS?
Answer:
Windows has GUI, where its predecessor DOS does not.
Explanation:
DOS required the user to type instructions into the computer through an interface system known as command line.
Windows has graphical user Interface (GUI), that allows commands in a more user friendly environment than DOS.
Answer:
Windows has GUI, where its predecessor DOS does not.
Explanation:
DOS required the user to type instructions into the computer through an interface system known as command line.
Windows has graphical user Interface (GUI), that allows commands in a more user friendly environment than DOS.
Assume the int variable value has been initialized to a positive integer. Write a while loop that prints all of the positive divisors of value. For example,if values is 28, it prints divisors of28: 1 2 4 7 14 28
Answer:
The program to this question can be given as:
Program:
#include <iostream>//header file.
using namespace std; //using namespace
int main() //main function.
{
int value=28, x=1; //define variable.
cout<<"divisors of "<< value <<":"; //print value.
while (x <= value) //loop
{
if ((value % x) ==0) //if block
cout<<" "<<x; //print value
x++; //increment value.
}
return 0;
}
Output:
divisors of 28: 1 2 4 7 14 28
Explanation:
The description of the above c++ program can be given as:
In this program firstly we include a header file. Then we define a main method. In this method we define a variables that is "value and x" and assign a value that is "28 and 1". The variable "x" is used to calculate the value of divisors and print its values and then we print the value variable value. Then we define a while loop. It is an entry control loop in this loop, we check the condition that the variable x is less than equal to value. In this loop, we use a conditional statement. In the if block we define condition that is variable value modular variable x is equal to 0. if this condition is true it will print the value and increment value of variable x. When variable x is greater than and equal to value variable it will terminate the loop and print the value.So, the output of this program is "1 2 4 7 14 28".
Which one of the following is the correct code snippet for calculating the largest value in an integer array list aList?
a. int max = aList.get(0); for (int count = 1; count < aList.size(); count++) { if (aList.get(count) > max) { max = aList.get(count); } }
b. int max = 0; for (int count = 1; count < aList.size(); count++) { if (aList.get(count) > max) { max = aList.get(count); } }
c. int max = aList.get(0); for (int count = 1; count > aList.size();count++) { if (aList.get(count) >= max) { max = aList.get(count); } }
d. int max = aList[1]; for (int count = 1; count < aList.size();count++) { if (aList.get(count) > max) { max = aList.get(count); } }
Answer:
Option a. int max = aList.get(0); for (int count = 1; count < aList.size(); count++) { if (aList.get(count) > max) { max = aList.get(count); } }
is the correct code snippet.
Explanation:
Following is given the explanation for the code snippet to find largest value in an integer array list aList.
From the array list aList, very first element having index 0 will be stored in the variable max (having data type int).By using for starting from count =1 to count = size of array (aList), we will compare each element of the array with first element of the array.If any of the checked element get greater from the first element, it gets replaced in the variable max and the count is increased by 1 so that the next element may be checked. When the loop will end, the variable max will have the greatest value from the array aList.i hope it will help you!
What method is overridden by the Exception class in order to provide a descriptive error message and provide a user with precise information about the nature of any Exception that is thrown?
Answer:
toString() is the correct answer to the following question.
Explanation:
ToString() function is the built in function that is used to convert the number into the string.
For example:
int n=25
var s=n.toString()
Here, we define an integer data type variable "n" and assign value to "25" then, we define the string data type variable "s" and assign n.toString() to convert number into string.
Consider the following code. int limit; int reps = 0; cin >> limit; while (reps < limit) { cin >> entry; triple = entry * 3; cout << triple; reps++; } cout << endl; This code is an example of a(n) ____ while loop
Answer:
counter-controlled
Explanation:
Consider the following code. int limit; int reps = 0; cin >> limit; while (reps < limit) { cin >> entry; triple = entry * 3; cout << triple; reps++; } cout << endl; This code is an example of a(n) counter-controlled while loop
_________ is a feature of all modern browsers that will delete your history, cache, and cookies the moment you close the private window. Private browsing Do not track Anonymity Automation
Answer:
"Private browsing" is the correct answer to the following question.
Explanation:
Private browsing is the private mode, if the person works on the private browsing then its information would not be stored in the browser which means his the record of your would not store in the browser that is completely private to the other persons but his ISP is always recorded if you are browsing private or not.
The other name of private mode is the incognito mode which is available in all the browsers in one of these two names.
"Private browsing" is the correct answer to the following question.
Explanation:
Private browsing is the private mode, if the person works on the private browsing then its information would not be stored in the browser which means his the record of your would not store in the browser that is completely private to the other persons but his ISP is always recorded if you are browsing private or not.
The other name of private mode is the incognito mode which is available in all the browsers in one of these two names.
Timothy was reading tournament results of the football World Cup matches on Infogoalistic.com. As he was going through the results, an advertisement of new football studs popped up. This is an example of ________ advertising.
A) covert
B) contextual
C) surrogate
D) niche
E) user-generated
Answer:
B) contextual
Explanation:
Contextual advertising is a form of targeted advertising for advertisements appearing on websites or other media.
For example:
Timothy was reading tournament results of the football World Cup matches on Infogoalistic.com. As he was going through the results, an advertisement of new football studs popped up. This is an example of contextual advertising.
Danelle wants to use a stylus on her laptop but does not have a touch screen. She needs the stylus to help her create designs for her landscape business. She does not want to purchase a new laptop.Is there any way for Danelle to use her current laptop with a stylus?A. She can add a digitizer over the screen on her laptop.B. She can replace her current laptop screen with a touch screen.C. She can use a stylus on her current laptop.D. She will not be able to use her current laptop and will need to purchase a new laptop.
Final answer:
Danelle can use a digitizer over the screen of her laptop to use a stylus for her design work.
Explanation:
If Danelle wants to use a stylus on her laptop without a touchscreen, she can consider adding a digitizer over the screen on her laptop. A digitizer is a device that can track the pen movements and convert them into digital input. By placing a digitizer over the screen, Danelle can use a stylus to create designs for her landscape business.
Replacing the laptop screen with a touch screen is also an option, but it may require technical expertise, and Danelle may need to find a compatible touch screen for her specific laptop model.
Option C, using a stylus on her current laptop without a touch screen, may not be possible as it depends on whether her laptop has any special features or software that allows stylus interaction.
Therefore, the best option for Danelle would be to add a digitizer over her laptop screen to use a stylus for her design work.
A technician is configuring a new SOHO multifunction wireless router at a customer’s location to provide network access to several wireless devices. The technician is required to protect the customer’s private network from unauthorized access while performing the initial router setup as well as during normal operation after the configuration is completed.
A. DMZB. DHCPC. ARPD. SSIDE. MAC filtering
Answer:
E. MAC filtering
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the tool that the technician must use is MAC filtering. This is a networking tool that is a security access control method, in which you can see and control the network cards that have access to the network. This would allow the technician to protect the customer's private network during and after setup.
Some of your non-Windows clients aren't registering their hostnames with the DNS server. You don't require secure updates on the DNS server. What option should you configure on the DHCP server so that non-Windows clients names are registered?
a. Update DNSrecords dynamically only if requested by the DHCP clients.
b. Always dynamically update DNS records.
c.Update DNSrecordsdynamically forDHCP clientsthat don'trequest updates.
d.Configurename protection
Answer:
c.Update DNS records dynamically for DHCP clients that don't request updates.
Explanation:
A DNS server is a computer server that contains a database of public IP addresses and their associated host names, and in most cases serves to resolve, or translate, those names to IP addresses as requested.
A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to client devices.
Dynamic DNS is a method of automatically updating a name server in the Domain Name Server, often in real time.
12.1 List three design goals for a firewall.
12.2 List four techniques used by firewalls to control access and enforce a security policy.
12.3 What information is used by a typical packet filtering firewall?
12.4 What are some weaknesses of a packet filtering firewall?
12.5 What is the difference between a packet filtering firewall and a stateful inspection firewall?
12.6 What is an application-level gateway?
12.7 What is a circuit-level gateway?
12.9 What are the common characteristics of a bastion host?
12.10 Why is it useful to have host-based firewalls?
12.11 What is a DMZ network and what types of systems would you expect to find on such networks?
12.12 What is the difference between an internal and an external firewall?
Firewall:
There are 2 type of firewall
1. Firewall which is installed with antivirus on desktop or laptop is called resident firewall, where protects end user desktop or laptop from malware and spyware attacks.
2. Physical hardware appliances which is install in in local area network and protect us from malware and spyware attack’s
12.1 1. Access point (AP) bridge Ethernet network.
2. Protect wireless access or unauthorized person.
3. Web shared key.
12.2 1. User controls
2. Direction control
3. behaviour control and
4. HTTP REQUESTS.
12.3 Source tcpip, destination tcpip
12.4 Complex configures unauthorized use, suspicious tcpip, protocols attacks and logging capacities limitations.
12.5 State inspection firewall stable connectivity for open connection. Whereas a packet filter will not do that.
12.6 Application gateways is proxy firewall provides network security
12.7 In circuit-level gateway it works as session layers in tcpip traffic.
12.9 It filters incoming traffics from mall ware and anti-spams.
12.10 To protect against threats in the corporate networks.
12.11. All access to resources from untrusted networks
12.12 Protect or permitted traffic inside networks - internal networks. Protect or block traffic at port level – external networks.
When computer criminals launch an intentional attack in which servers are flooded with millions of bogus service requests that so occupy the server that it cannot service legitimate requests, it is called a ________ attack.
Answer:
"Denial of service" is the correct answer to the following statement.
Explanation:
DoS attack is that type of cyberattack in which an individual system or an internet connection to the different fakes services which target the resources of the system and it is an illegal act according to 'Computer Misuse Act' which comes in 1990's.
It is an attack which is done by the computer terrorists, they can mostly flood the severals of the fake services in the intention of theft privacy and resources from the system.
Which of the following would be a valid method call for the following method? public static void showProduct (int num1, double num2) { int product; product = num1 * (int)num2; System.out.println("The product is " + product); }
Answer:
showProduct(int,double)
for example: showProduct(10,10.5) is the correct answer even showProduct(10,10.0) is also correct but showProduct(10.0,10.5) or showProduct(10,10) or showProduct(10.0,10) are wrong calls.
Explanation:
The code is
public static void showProduct (int num1, double num2){ int product; product = num1*(int)num2; System.out.println("The product is "+product); }showProduct is function which asks for two arguments whenever it is called, first one is integer and second one is of type double which is nothing but decimal point numbers. Generally, in programming languages, 10 is treated as integer but 10.0 is treated as decimal point number, but in real life they are same.
If showProduct( 10,10.0) is called the output will be 'The product is 100'.
Strange fact is that, if you enter showProduct(10,10.5) the output will remain same as 'The product is 100'. This happens because in the 3rd line of code,which is product=num1*(int)num2, (int) is placed before num2 which makes num2 as of type integer, which means whatever the value of num2 two is given, numbers after decimal is erased and only the integer part is used there.
This is necessary in JAVA and many other programming languages as you cannot multiply two different datatypes (here one is int and another is double). Either both of them should be of type int or both should be of type double.
Assume that you have created a class named Dog that contains a data field named weight and an instance method named setWeight(). Further assume that the setWeight() method accepts a numeric parameter named weight. Which of the following statements correctly sets a Dog's weight within the setWeight() method?a. weight = weight
b. this.weight = this.weight
c. weight = this.weight
d. this.weight = weight
Answer:
D) this.weight = weight
Explanation:
since a constructor call in java sets the initial value for variable, using the this.
in this way, refers to the current object in a method or constructor.
Write the definition of a class Counter containing: An instance variable named counter of type int An instance variable named limit of type int. A constructor that takes two int arguments and assigns the first one to counter and the second one to limit A method named increment. It does not take parameters or return a value; if the instance variable counter is less than limit, increment just adds one to the instance variable counter. A method named decrement. It also does not take parameters or return a value; if counter is greater than zero, it just subtracts one from the counter. A method named getValue that returns the value of the instance variable counter.
Answer:
Class Counter
{
public Int counter;
public Int limit;
public void increment()
{
If( counter<limit)
{
counter++;
}
}
public void decrement()
{
if (counter>limit)
{
counter--;
}
}
public getvalue()
{
cout<<"Counter Value is:"<<counter;
}
}
Explanation:
Class Counter
{
public Int counter;
public Int limit;
public void increment()
{
If( counter<limit)
{
counter++;
}
}
public void decrement()
{
if (counter>limit)
{
counter--;
}
}
public getvalue()
{
cout<<"Counter Value is:"<<counter;
}
}
An organization has a website with a guest book feature, where visitors to the web site can input their names and comments about the organization. Each time the guest book web page loads, a message box is prompted with the message "You have been P0wnd" followed by redirection to a different website. Analysis reveals that the no input validation or output encoding is being performed in the web application. This is the basis for the following type of attack?A. Denial of ServiceB. Cross-site Scripting (XSS)C. Malicious File ExecutionD. Injection Flaws
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
C: Malicious File Execution
Explanation:
An emmbedded file in the Landing page of the website cause the page to be automatically redirected to another source, the new page loads automatically, malicious execution of the webpage redirects the new site to another link, and makes such traffic meant for the site to be automatically turned to another website.
Technician A says that a faulty pressure relief valve can cause absence of power assist. Technician B says that a missing or slipping pump drive belt can cause lack of power assist. Which technician is correct?
Answer:
Both of the technician is correct.
Explanation:
Because power assist-steering is the motor that is the part of the car and it is not the part of the hydraulic pump in which by the slipping pump and the missing pump drive belt can cause power assist as well as power assist is also caused absence by the fault appears in the relief valve.
So, that's why both of the technician saying truth.
Pascual specializes in fixing computers. He gets great personal satisfaction out of spending hours working on them, and he has a significant amount of computer knowledge compared to most of his friends. In developmental terms, Pascual would be considered a(n) _____ on computers.
Answer:
expert
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the Pascual would be considered an expert on computers. In developmental terms, this refers to someone that has a deep understanding in a particular field as well as the skills and experience needed through lots of practice and education in that specific field. Which in this case is computer hardware.
A student is recording a song on her computer. When the recording is finished, she saves a copy on her computer. The student notices that the saved copy is of lower sound quality than the original recording. Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the difference in sound quality?
A. The song was saved using fewer bits per second than the original song.
B. The song was saved using more bits per second than the original song.
C. The song was saved using a lossless compression technique.
D. Some information is lost every time a file is saved from one location on a computer to another location.
Answer:
A. The song was saved using fewer bits per second than the original song.
Explanation:
A song can be recorded on the computer or any device ranging from bit rates 96 kbps to 320 kbps.
The lesser the bitrates the lesser the quality of the audio and when we increase the bit rates, the quality of the audio recorded gradually increases.
Bitrates of 128 kbps give us a radio like quality whereas when we use bitrates of 320 kbps we get very good or CD-like quality.
According to the scenario, the most appropriate answer is option A.
Final answer:
The saved copy of the song is likely of lower sound quality because it was saved using fewer bits per second (Option A). Lowering the bit rate can reduce quality noticeably when less information of the sound is captured. Lossless compression doesn't degrade quality, and saving with more bits or transferring within a computer does not reduce sound quality.
Explanation:
The difference in sound quality of the student's recording could be due to saving the song using fewer bits per second than the original song (Option A). A lower bit rate reduces the file size but can also degrade the sound quality, as fewer voltage steps are being recorded, which means a less accurate representation of the sound wave. Lossless compression (Option C) would not reduce the sound quality because all the original data is preserved. Saving the song with more bits per second (Option B) would typically improve or maintain quality, not reduce it. Transferring a file on the same computer does not degrade its quality, so Option D is incorrect.
Bit rate is a key factor in determining the fidelity of a digitally recorded sound. If the bit rate is reduced too much, the quality may suffer to a point where it is noticeable to the listener. However, for many listeners, especially when played on basic entry-level speakers or mobile devices, the difference in quality between high and low bit rate files is not significant.
Audio formats like MP3 use compression to reduce file size by using strategies such as discarding data that may not significantly affect sound quality for human ears. Contrastingly, formats such as WAV typically do not compress or only use lossless compression, thus maintaining higher sound quality but resulting in larger file sizes.
Write a method, makeSubjectLine, that gets a String argument and returns the same String but with "Subject: " in front of it. So if the argument is "Are you going to the show?" the method returns "Subject: Are you going to the show?".
Answer:
public class newass {
/*
Write a method, makeSubjectLine, that gets a String argument and returns the same String but with "Subject: " in front
of it. So if the argument is "Are you going to the show?" the method returns "Subject: Are you going to the show?".
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(makeSubjectLine("Are you going to the show?"));
}
public static String makeSubjectLine(String subj){
return "Subject: "+subj;
}
}
Explanation:
The solution in Java Programming Language