A runner wants to run 10.4 km . She knows that her running pace is 7.6 mi/h .

How many minutes must she run? Hint: Use 7.6 mi/h as a conversion factor between distance and time. Express your answer using two significant figures.

Answer:

[tex]3.4\times 10^3 eggs[/tex] are produces are in a month.

Explanation:

Quantity of eggs produced by the chicken in a month = 284 dozens

1 dozen = 12 eggs

Number of eggs in a month:

[tex]284 dozens = 284\times 12 eggs =3,408 eggs\approx 3.4\times 10^3 eegs[/tex]

[tex]3.4\times 10^3 eggs[/tex] are produces are in a month.

Answer:

Q = 47.1 kW

Texit = 25.93ºC

Explanation:

The heat transfer is occurring by convection, which means that the heat is flowing from different materials (tube for water). So, by Newton Cooling Law:

Q = h x A x ΔT

The area of the tube will be :

A = πdL

Where d is the diameter and L is the length.

d = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m

A = 3.14x0.025x4 = 0.314 m²

Then

Q = 3000x0.314x50

Q = 47100 W = 47.1 kW

By the heat equation for water, knowing that the specific heat (c) of water is 4.5 kJ/ºC

Q = mcΔT

47.11 = 0.5x4.5x(Texits - Tenters)

47.1 = 2.25x(Texits - 5ºC)

Texits - 5ºC = 20.93 ºC

Texits = 25.93ºC

47.1 kW is the rate of heat transfer and 25.93ºC is the temperature of the water at exit.

We can calculate the rate of heat transfer of the water by using the Newton's cooling law as:

Q = h x A x ΔT, where

h = heat transfer coefficient = 3000 W/m².°C (given)

A = surface area of heat transfer

ΔT = change in temperature = 50°C (given)

First we calculate the area by using the below formula:

A = πdL, where

d = diameter of tube = 2.5cm = 0.025m

L = length of tube = 4m

A = 3.14 x 0.025 x 4 = 0.314 m²

Therefore, rate of heat transfer is:

Q = 3000 x 0.314 x 50 = 47100 W = 47.1 kW

Now we calculate the rise in temperature by using the below formula:

Q = mcΔT

47.11 = 0.5 x 4.5 x (Texits - Tenters)

47.1 = 2.25 x (Texits - 5ºC)

Texits - 5ºC = 20.93 ºC

Texits = 25.93ºC

Hence, 47.1 kW is the rate of heat transfer and 25.93ºC is the temperature of exit water.

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Answer:

Na⁺ tends to interact with the hardest base, which is water. Ag⁺ tends to interact with the softest (hardless) base, which is Cl⁻.

Explanation:

The HSAB concept says that hard acids are small ions with low electronegativity, while hard bases are electron donating groups with high electronegativity and low polarizability. The HSAB concept also says that hard acids will tend to react with hard bases. The opposite is valid for soft acids and soft bases.

Na⁺ is a hard acid

Ag ⁺ is a soft acid

Cl⁻ is a hard base

H₂O is a harder base than Cl⁻

Therefore, when in water, the Na⁺ tends to react with water, because it is a harder base than Cl⁻. However, as Ag⁺ is a soft acid, it will tend to stay with the less hard base, which is Cl⁻.

Answer:

3 "digits" are required to code for the 20 different amino acids.

This means that in order to code for one amino acid, you require a group of 3 nucleotides, which is called a 'codon'

Explanation:

If each nucleotide determined one amino acid, we could only code for four different amino acids, since DNA contains only four kinds of nucleotides.

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of two nucleotides, the total number of diniclueotides we could get would be 4^2 = 16. This means that we could only code for 16 amino acids, which is an inferior amount than the number of amino acids required for protein synthesis (20).

If an amino acid were to be coded by a group of three nucleotides, the total number of trinucleotides we could get would be 4^3 = 64. This means that the  total amount of triplets we could get is 64, which is more than enough to be able to code for the 20 different amino acids.

Answer:

Hello my friend! The amount of 31g of KNO3 will precipitate!

Explanation:

At 40 ∘C the solution has 45 g of KNO3 per 100 g of water and it can contain up to 63 g of KNO3 per 100 g of water. At 0 ∘C the solubility is ~ 14 gKNO3per 100 g of water, so 31 gKNO3 per 100 g of water will precipitate

The cooling of a solution with 45g of KNO3 in 100g of water from 40 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius results in precipitation of excess KNO3 because of decreased solubility.

This question is related to the solubility of Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) in water at different temperatures. At 40 degrees Celcius, the solution already has 45g of KNO3 per 100g of water. The solubility of KNO3 at this temperature is approximately 60g per 100g of water. However, upon cooling to 0 degrees Celcius, the solubility of KNO3 drops to around 13g per 100g of water. As a result, the excess KNO3 which is around 32g per 100g of water, will precipitate out of the solution.

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The significant figures are always:

Different from zero except there are only zeros before the point.

You can round them to the previous significant.

In scientific notation, you have one figure point two more figures.

Examples:

You have 4.21

All different from zero and only two decimals.

Those are all significant figures.

if you have 000.231555

You will shorten this to two significant figures.

Before the point, you only have zeros, so you need to keep only one of them to say its less than one.

After the point, you have a lot of figures, but you need to round this to two.

Because you have a one before the three, you'll keep the three. If you have a five or bigger number, you round it.

In this case, you'll have 0.23 with two significant figures.

Answer:

13701.66 g

Explanation:

Moles is denoted by given mass divided by the molecular mass ,  

Hence ,  

n = w / m

n = moles ,  

w = given mass ,  

m = molecular mass .

From the question ,

114.0 g-moles of cumene means ,

Moles of cumene = 114.0 g-mol

The  Chemical formula of cumene = C₉H₁₂

As we know the molecular mass of cumene = 120.19 g /mol

using the above formula ,

n = w / m

w = n * m

Putting the corresponding values -

w = (114.0 g-mol) * 120.19 g /mol

w = 13701.66 g

Answer:

d. 1600 calories

Explanation:

The heat of fusion of water, L, is the amount of heat per gram required to melt the ice to water, a process which takes place at a constant temperature of 0 °C. The specific heat of water, c, is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

We will convert the units of c from Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹ to cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹ since the answers are provided in calories. The conversion factor is 4.18 J/cal.

(4.18 Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹)(cal/4.18J) = 1 cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹

First we calculate the heat required to melt the ice, where M is the mass:

Q = ML = (15 g)(80 cal/g) = 1200 cal

Then, we calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 °C to 25 °C.

Q = mcΔt = (15 g)(1 cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹)(25 °C - 0 °C) = 380 cal

The answer is rounded so that there are two significant figures

The total heat required for this process is (1200 cal + 380 cal) = 1580 cal

The rounded answer is 1600 calories.

Answer:

Freezing temperature:

         It is the temperature at which a liquid state of substance converts in to the solid state.

Ex :The freezing temperature of water is 0°C.

Melting temperature:

          It is the temperature at which a solid state of any substance covert in to the liquid sates.

Ex : Temperature above the 0°C of water

The heat required to melt the solid is know as heat of fusion. Heat of fusion of water nearly about 334 J.

The heat required to covert liquid state to vapor state is known as heat of vaporization.The heat of vaporization of water nearly 2230 J.

Answer:

correct option is c

Explanation:

The Grashof number is a dimensionless number, which is named after renowned scientist  Franz Grashof. The Grashof quantity is defined as the proportion of the buoyant force to viscous force performing on a fluid in a pace boundary layer.

Its function in natural convection is more or less the same as that of Reynolds's number in compelled convection.

Answer:

The list and discussions are stated below:

Explanation:

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is extremely important.

1. Organization

With GLP we can guarantee an organized work environment, which is essencial in a laboratory.

2. Safety

GLP promotes laboratory safety for personell, avoiding unecessary risks and preventing accidents.

3. Quality control

GLP ensures that experiments made and products developed in a laboratory have the demanded quality.

4. Reliability of results

GLP promotes quality of results reporting, wich directly influences the reliability of results.

Explanation:

According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory:

[tex]HA+H_2O\rightarrow A^-+H_3O^+[/tex]

Suppose acid Ha is getting dissociated in its solution and after dissociation it donates its proton to water molecule and forms conjugate base. Where as water (acting as a base) accepts protons and forms conjugate acid.

HA = Acid

[tex]H_2O[/tex] = Base

[tex]A^-[/tex] = Conjugate base

[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] = Conjugate acid

For example:

[tex]H_2SO_4+2H_2O\rightarrow SO_4^{2-}+2H_3O^+[/tex]

Sulfuric acid dissociating in its solution to form conjugate base and conjugate acid.

Sulfuric acid  = Acid

[tex]H_2O[/tex] = Base

[tex]SO_^{2-}[/tex] = Conjugate base

[tex]H_3O^+[/tex] = Conjugate acid

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The mass of a compound is the sum of the masses of its component (a total is equal to the sum of its parts).

Answer:

Volume of water added = 2.0 L

Explanation:

Initial pH of the solution = 2.7

[H^+] concentration in 2 L solution of sulfuric acid,

[tex]pH = -log[H^+][/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-2.7} = 0.001995\ M = 0.002\ M[/tex]

Final pH of the solution = 3

Final [H^+] concentration of sulfuric acid,

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]

[tex][H^+] = 10^{-3} = 0.001\ M[/tex]

Now,

[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]

[tex] 0.002 \times 2.0 = 0.001 \times V_2[/tex]

[tex]V_2 = \frac{0.002 \times 2.0}{0.001} = 4.00\ L[/tex]

Volume added = Final volume - Initial volume

                        = 4.0 - 2.0 = 2.0 L

Answer:

unsaturated solution

Explanation:

This solution is made by the coffee, which is the solvent and the sugar, which is the solute. The solute dissolves in the solvent.

Sugar starts to precipitate because it cannot dissolve anymore. This means that the solution at the equilibrium point and is saturated. Since more coffee or solvent is added, the solution will now be able to dissolve more sugar. This means that the solution is unsaturated

Explanation:

The electronic configuration of magnesium with Z = 12 is : 2, 8, 12

The electronic configuration of bromine with Z = 35 is : 2, 8, 18, 7

The Lewis structure is drawn in such a way that the octet of each atom is complete.  

Thus, magnesium losses two electrons to bromine and 2 atoms of bromine accepts the electron.

Thus, the valence electrons are shown by dots in Lewis structure. The reaction is shown in image below.

Lewis symbols represent electron transfer between Mg and Br atoms in the formation of an ionic compound.

Lewis symbols, also known as Lewis dot diagrams or electron dot diagrams, depict the valence electrons of atoms using dots around the symbol of the element. In the formation of an ionic compound between Mg and Br atoms, magnesium (Mg) donates two electrons to each bromine (Br) atom, resulting in the transfer of electrons and the creation of Mg2+ and Br- ions.

Answer:

Each cyclist will need to drink 619 l

Explanation:

Hi there!!

First, let´s convert the miles to kilometers:

If 1.0 mi = 1609 m, then 385 mi will be:

385 mi · (1609 m/ 1.0 mi) ·  (1 km/ 1000 m) = 619 km

Now, if each cyclist need to drink one liter water per kilometer ( I think that´s a lot of water!), for the entire journey each cyclist will need to drink:

619 km · 1 l/km = 619 l

Then, each cyclist will need to drink 619 l.

Answer and Explanation:

Water is the most important solvent for biomolecules such as proteins because its form very strong and unique hydrogen bonds.

The secondary, tertiary and also quaternary structures of proteins depends on its solvatation (in which the protein is surrounded by water molecules). That means that is very important the interaction between water molecules and aminoacids in the primary sequence of the protein. In water, the protein is stabilized by the effect of the hydrogen bonds. As the conformation of the protein is essential to mantain the protein functionality (e.g. in enzymes, which are proteins that catalize reactions) and to interact to other proteins, its proper hydratation is very important.

Conversely, if the protein is in the gas phase, there are not interactions with water, and there is not stabilization of its conformation. The protein cannot retain its essential structure and functionality.

Answer:

t = 71.47 min

Explanation:

Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:

[tex][A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}[/tex]

Where,  

[tex][A_t][/tex] is the concentration at time t

[tex][A_0][/tex] is the initial concentration

Given:

20.8 % is decomposed which means that 0.208 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.208 = 0.792

t = 7.8 min

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]

[tex]0.792=e^{-k\times 7.8}[/tex]

k = 0.0299 min⁻¹

Also,

Given:

88.2 % is decomposed which means that 0.882 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.882 = 0.118

t = ?

[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]

[tex]0.118=e^{-0.0299\times t}[/tex]

t = 71.47 min

Answer: The number of moles of disulfur decafluoride is [tex]6.62\times 10^{-20}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are given:

Number of disulfur decafluoride molecules = [tex]3.99\times 10^4[/tex]

According to mole concept:

[tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules are contained in 1 mole of a compound.

So, [tex]3.99\times 10^4[/tex] number of molecules will be contained in = [tex]\frac{1mol}{6.022\times 10^{23}}\times 3.99\times 10^{4}=6.62\times 10^{-20}mol[/tex] of disulfur decafluoride.

Hence, the number of moles of disulfur decafluoride is [tex]6.62\times 10^{-20}[/tex]

Answer:

The correct answer is letter c: The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid

Explanation:

Heat exchangers are used to exchange heat between two fluids so they are helpfull in cooling and heating processes. After the exchange the temperatures of the fluids that participate are changed so both option d and b: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always equal to the exit temperature of cold fluid) and (We cannot predict comparison between exit temperatures of hot fluid and cold fluid) are INCORRECT.

In which has to be with option a: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid). It is INCORRECT because the maximum temperature that can be reached by the cold fluid is the one that has the hot fluid. That is the ideal situation of thermal equilibrium in which both fluids leave the exchanger at the same temperature, that does no happen, so the real situation is the one described in option c "The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid". Both fluids exchange heat till the force that may that possible allows that, that force is the difference of temperature between them so when that difference reachs a minimum the process stops.

Final answer:

In parallel flow heat exchangers, the exit temperature of the hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of the cold fluid, as heat transfer occurs from the hot to the cold fluid according to the second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, both the hot and cold fluids enter the exchanger at different ends and flow in the same direction. As heat is transferred, the temperature of the hot fluid decreases while the temperature of the cold fluid increases. Due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer flows spontaneously from a hotter object to a cooler object but never in reverse. Therefore, the heat will always flow from the hot fluid to the cold fluid until they reaches equilibrium or until the hot fluid exits at a lower temperature than it entered.

Moreover, the efficiency of heat engines, which are related to heat exchangers, is higher when there is a large temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, as stated in the provided information. This implies that in most practical situations, especially when the hot and cold fluids are allowed to reach equilibrium, the exit temperature of the hot fluid will be less than that of the cold fluid (option a). However, if the length or design of the heat exchanger does not allow them to reach equilibrium, the exit temperatures may vary but the hot fluid is expected to cool down during the process.

Answer:

The answer is b)

Explanation:

In packed column the mass transfer area is higher and the packing can be random, that could provoque an increase in the pressure, because obstruction of the mass flux, While in a tray column the sieves can have specific porosity and the flux of mass can be facilitated, thus the pressure drop.  

Answer: Lithium is getting oxidized and is a reducing agent. Hydrogen is getting reduced and is oxidizing agent.

Explanation:

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. Here, oxidation state of the atom increases.

[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom gains electrons. Here, the oxidation state of the atom decreases.

[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]

Oxidizing agents are defined as the agents which oxidize other substance and itself gets reduced. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.

Reducing agents are defined as the agents which reduces the other substance and itself gets oxidized. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]2Li(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2LiOH(aq.)+H_2(g)[/tex]

The half reactions for the above reaction are:

Oxidation half reaction: [tex]2Li(s)\rightarrow 2Li^{+}(aq.)+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction half reaction: [tex]2H^(aq.)+2e^-\rightarrow H_2(g)[/tex]

From the above reactions, lithium is loosing its electrons. Thus, it is getting oxidized and is considered as a reducing agent.

Hydrogen is gaining electrons and thus is getting reduced and is considered as an oxidizing agent.

Explanation:

It is known that the Van der Waals equation is a description of real gases, as in this equation there are all those interactions which we previously ignore in the ideal gas law.

In Vander Waals equation, the repulsion and collision, between molecules of gases are being considered. They are no longer ignored and they also are not considered a "point" particle.

According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT

or,                [tex]P(\frac{V}{n})[/tex] = RT

and, let [tex]\frac{V}{n}[/tex] = v; which is called molar volume

Hence,                  P × v = RT

As, the van der Waals equation corrects pressure and volume  as follows.

                  [tex](P+ \frac{a}{v^{2}}) \times (v - b)[/tex] = RT

where,   R = idel gas law; recommended to use the units of a and b; typically bar/atm and dm/L

              T = absolute temperature, in K

              v = molar volume, v = [tex]\frac{\text{Volume of gas}}{\text{moles of gas}}[/tex]

              P = pressure of gas

Now, substitute the data in Vander Waal,s equation as follows.

For argon,    [tex](P+ \frac{a}{v^{2}}) \times (v - b)[/tex] = RT

            [tex](P+ \frac{1.355}{(0.45)^{2}}) \times (0.45- 0.0320)[/tex] = 0.08314 [tex]bar dm^{3}/molK \times (200)K[/tex]

                    (P+ 6.691) = [tex]0.08314 \times \frac{200}{(0.45- 0.0320)}[/tex]

                            P = (39.7799 - 6.691) bar

                            P = 33.0889 bar

or,                       P = 33.09 bar (approx)

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure exerted by Ar in the given situation is 33.09 bar.

The coffee solution is unsaturated with sugar.

A sugar and water solution is created when sugar dissolves in water. In this case, Vanessa pours 52 kilograms of table sugar, which is the solute, into 100 mL of coffee, which is the solvent. Since most of the sugar does not dissolve, the coffee solution can be considered unsaturated with sugar.

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Answer:

For 1: The correct answer is Ge.

For 2: The correct answer is Te.

For 3: The correct answer is Ba.

For 4: The correct answer is Ag.

Explanation:

Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom. It is represented as [tex]E_i[/tex]

[tex]X(g)\rightarrow X^+(g)+1e^-;E_i[/tex]

Ionization energy increases as we move from left to right in a period. This happens because the atomic radius of an element decreases moving across a period, which increases the effective attraction between the negatively charged electrons and positively-charged nucleus. Hence, the removal of electron from the outermost shell becomes difficult and requires more energy.

Ionization energy decreases on moving from top to bottom in a group. This happens because the number of shells increases as we move down the group. The electrons get added in the new shell. So, the shielding of outermost electrons from the inner ones is more which decreases the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Hence, the removal of electron from the outermost shell becomes easy and requires less energy.

For the given options:

Chlorine is the 17th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 3 and Group 17.

Germanium is the 32nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 14.

Hence, germanium will have smaller first ionization energy.

Tellurium is the 52nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 5 and Group 16.

Selenium is the 34th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 16.

Hence, tellurium will have smaller first ionization energy.

Barium is the 56th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 6 and Group 2.

Titanium is the 22nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 4.

Hence, barium will have smaller first ionization energy.

Copper is the 29th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 11.

Silver is the 47th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 5 and Group 11.

Hence, silver will have smaller first ionization energy.

Ionization energy increases across the period but decreases down the group.

First ionization energy of an element refers to the energy required to remove an electron from the atom. Ionization energy is a periodic trend that increases across the period but decreases down the group.

The following are true regarding the statements in the question;

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Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Alkynes are the hydrocarbons, that is, they contain only atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Their general chemical formula is [tex]C_{n}H_{2n-2}[/tex], where n is a whole number.

A compound that contains a double or triple bond is known as an unsaturated compound. An alkyne contains a triple bond and it is also an unsaturated compound.

Thus, we can conclude that alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

        Mass flow rate of mixture = 1368 kg/hr

      [tex]N_{2}[/tex] in feed = 40 mole%

This means that [tex]H_{2}[/tex] in feed = (100 - 40)% = 60%

We assume that there are 100 total moles/hr of gas [tex](N_{2} + H_{2})[/tex] in feed stream.

Hence, calculate the total mass flow rate as follows.

           40 moles/hr of N_{2}/hr (28 g/mol of [tex]N_{2}[/tex]) + 60 moles/hr of [tex]H_{2}/hr[/tex] (2 g/mol of [tex]H_{2}[/tex])

                  [tex]40 \times 28 g/hr + 60 \times 2 g/hr[/tex]    

                  = 1120 g/hr + 120 g/hr

                  = 1240 g/hr

                  = [tex]\frac{1240}{1000}[/tex]              (as 1 kg = 1000 g)

                  = 1.240 kg/hr

Now, we will calculate mol/hr in the actual feed stream as follows.

                 [tex]\frac{100 mol/hr}{1.240 kg/hr} \times 1368 kg/hr[/tex]

                   = 110322.58 moles/hr

It is given that amount of nitrogen present in the feed stream is 40%. Hence, calculate the flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.

                       [tex]0.4 \times 110322.58 moles/hr[/tex]

                      = 44129.03 mol/hr

As 1 mole of nitrogen has 28 g/mol of mass or 0.028 kg.

Therefore, calculate the rate flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.

                       [tex]0.028 kg \times 44129.03 mol/hr[/tex]

                         = 1235.612 kg/hr

Thus, we can conclude that the the feed rate of pure nitrogen to the mixer is 1235.612 kg/hr.

Answer: liquid water

Explanation:

Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of a system. If a system moves from an ordered arrangement to a disordered arrangement, the entropy is said to decrease and vice versa.

[tex]\Delta S[/tex] is positive when randomness increases and [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is negative when randomness decreases.

Gases have more entropy than liquids and liquids have more entropy than solids due to movement of particles.

Thus liquid water will have more entropy than crushed ice.

The correct answer is liquid water. Liquid water has a higher entropy than crushed ice because the transition from solid to liquid increases the disorder and number of possible microstates for water molecules.

The question of which substance, liquid water or crushed ice, has the highest entropy touches upon the concept of phase transitions and the disorder of molecular systems. The entropy of a system is a measure of its randomness or disorder, where a greater number of possible microstates corresponds to higher entropy.

When ice melts into water, the structure of water molecules becomes less ordered, allowing more freedom of movement. This transition from a solid to a liquid state results in an increase in entropy. Therefore, liquid water has a higher entropy than crushed ice because the molecules in the liquid state have more freedom to move and occupy a greater number of microstates.