A sample of ammonia contains 0.500 mol. What volume at STP would the gas occupy?

Final answer:

To find the equilibrium concentration of COF2, we use the equilibrium constant Kc = 8.90 and set up a quadratic equation based on the initial concentration of COF2. Solving this gives us the concentration of COF2 remaining at equilibrium, which is approximately 1.58 M.

Explanation:

Equilibrium Calculation for Carbonyl Fluoride Reaction

To determine the concentration of COF2 that remains at equilibrium, we'll use the equilibrium constant and the initial concentration. The chemical equilibrium reaction is:

2COF2(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + CF4(g)

The equilibrium constant (Kc) for this reaction is 8.90. If only COF2 is present initially at a concentration of 2.00 M, let's define the change in concentration for COF2 at equilibrium as 'x'. This means at equilibrium, the concentration of COF2 will be (2.00 - 2x), and the concentrations of CO2 and CF4 will both be 'x' because they are produced in a 1:1 ratio.

The equilibrium expression is:

Kc = [CO2][CF4] / [COF2]2

Substituting the known values and expressions for equilibrium concentrations, we get:

8.90 = (x)(x) / (2.00 - 2x)2

This is a quadratic equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0. By solving this quadratic equation, we can find the value of 'x' and therefore the equilibrium concentration of COF2. After calculation, the concentration of COF2 remaining at equilibrium is approximately 1.58 M.

Answer:

Trigonal pyramidal

Explanation:

Edge

Answer: Expansion of universe is called the red shift and the light emitted by stars and galaxies is red light.

Explanation: As the universe is expanding, the relative distance is increasing from the Earth, hence causing an increase in the wavelength.

Red shift occurs when there is increase in wavelength. Hence, the light will shift towards the red end of the visible light.

The stars and galaxies are also farther away from the Earth, hence they also have a larger wavelength and will shift the light to the red end of the visible spectra.

Final answer:

To calculate the percent composition of bromine in KBr, find the atomic mass of bromine and potassium, add them to get the formula mass of KBr, and divide the atomic mass of bromine by the total mass, then multiply by 100% to get the percentage.

Explanation:

To calculate the percent composition of bromine in KBr, you need to know the atomic masses of both potassium (K) and bromine (Br). KBr is made up of one potassium atom and one bromine atom. The atomic mass of potassium is approximately 39.10 amu (atomic mass units), and the atomic mass of bromine averages about 79.90 amu, accounting for its natural isotopic abundance.

The formula to find the percent composition is (mass of the element in one mole of the compound/mass of one mole of the compound) × 100%.

The total mass of one mole of KBr is the sum of the mass of potassium and the mass of bromine, which equals 39.10 + 79.90 = 119.00 amu. The percentage of bromine in KBr can be calculated as follows:

([tex]\frac{Mass of bromine}{Total mass of KBr}[/tex]) × 100% = ([tex]\frac{79.90 amu}{ 119.00 amu}[/tex]) × 100% ≈ 67.14%

Therefore, the percent composition of bromine in KBr is approximately 67.14%.

The pH and concentrations of C2H5COOH and C2H5COO– in a 0.193 M propanoic acid solution at equilibrium can be calculated using the given Ka and the formula for pH. The initial, change and equilibrium concentrations are used for these calculations.

To calculate the pH and concentrations of C2H5COOH and C2H5COO– in a 0.193 M propanoic acid solution at equilibrium, we start by setting up the ICE (initial, change, equilibrium) table for the reaction. Ka = [H3O+][C2H5COO-] / [C2H5COOH], where H3O+, C2H5COO-, and C2H5COOH are equilibrium concentrations. Since the Ka for propanoic acid is given as 1.34 × 10-5, we can say that [H3O+] = sqrt(1.34 × 10-5 * 0.193).

We perform this calculation to find [H3O+], from which we find the pH = -log[H3O+]. The concentrations of C2H5COOH and C2H5COO– are both equal to 0.193 M in a 0.193 M solution of propanoic acid at equilibrium, as propanoic acid is a weak acid and partially ionizes in solution, leading to the same concentration at equilibrium.

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Final answer:

An individual inherits approximately 25% of their genes from each grandparent. Environmental factors and personal experiences further contribute to variations from parents. Nuclear DNA is inherited evenly from both parents, while mitochondrial DNA is solely from the mother.

Explanation:

Every individual inherits 50% of their genes from each parent. Consequently, the genes you get from your mother will include half of her genetic material, of which 50% is derived from her father (your maternal grandfather) and 50% is derived from her mother (your maternal grandmother).

The same pattern applies to your father's contribution to your genes - half from your paternal grandfather and half from your maternal grandmother. Therefore, you inherit about 25% of your genes from each grandparent.

Personal experiences and the environment play significant roles in making you different from your parents despite the genetic similarities. These factors contribute to the unique expression of your genes, resulting in individual variations in appearance, personality, and other traits.

Moreover, it's important to distinguish between nuclear DNA, which follows the 50% inheritance from each parent, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited exclusively from the mother.

To determine if you have enough gas to carry out a reaction, compare the gas volume at the given conditions to 22.4L at STP.

Whether you have enough gas to carry out the reaction can be determined by comparing the known volume at STP to the volume you have at the given conditions of 398K and 105.6 kPa.

If you have 32.0L of gas at 398K and 105.6 kPa, you need to calculate the volume that gas would occupy at STP using the ideal gas law and compare it to 22.4L, which is the volume needed for the reaction at STP.

If the volume at STP is greater than 22.4L, then you have enough gas to carry out the reaction. Otherwise, you do not have sufficient gas volume.

The answer is salt water.

Salt water can conduct electricity or we can say that an electric current is conducted by salt water as salt water is a good conductor of electricity when salt that is sodium chloride or NaCl is dissolved in water , positively charged sodium (Na⁺) and negatively charged chlorine(Cl⁻) molecules are set apart by the water molecule so that they can float easily and freely. We can define the conductivity of a substance as the mobility or movement of ions. So as in water, sodium and chlorine are set apart and can move freely so it become a electrolyte that can conduct electricity.

An electric current can be conducted by  [tex]\boxed{\text{a salt solution}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

Electric current:

The movement of charge carriers (electrons or protons) or ions is termed as electric current. In other words, rate of flow of electric charge through a point. SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A).

On the basis of different abilities of substances to conduct electric current, these can be classified as follows:

Conductors:

These materials allow smooth flow of charge carriers without any resistance in their movement and therefore these conduct heat and electricity.

Insulators:

These materials allow resistance to flow of electric charge carriers and therefore act as bad conductors of heat and electricity.

Semiconductors:

These allow movement of electric charge carriers under certain conditions. These have electric conductivity less than that of conductors but more than insulators.

Sugar solution cannot produce any ions in solution. Since no charge carriers are present in sugar solution, it cannot conduct electric current.

Rubbing alcohol does not contain free ions in it and therefore it cannot conduct electric current.

Methane gas is covalent in nature and does not have any free ions in it so it cannot conduct electric current.

Salt solution is nothing but solution of NaCl in water. NaCl is ionic compound so ions are present in salt solution and therefore it conducts electric current.

Therefore electric current can only be conducted by salt solution.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Metals and non-metals

Keywords: sugar solution, rubbing alcohol, methane gas, salt solution, electric current, electric charge carriers, conductors, insulators, semiconductors.

Firstly,  according to Ideal Gas Law the volume of 1 mole of a gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) is 22.4 [tex] dm^{3} [/tex], ie the value of the molar volume (Vm) is 22.4 [tex] dm^{3} [/tex]/mol.

[tex]CaCO_{3} = CaO + CO_{2} [/tex]

From the reaction, it can be seen that [tex]CaCO_{3} [/tex] and [tex]CO_{2} [/tex]  have the following amount of substance relationship:

[tex]n(CaCO_{3}) = n(CO_{2}) = 1:1[/tex]

From the relationship we can determinate moles of [tex]CO_{2} [/tex] :

[tex]n(CaCO_{3}) = n(CO_{2}) = n/M= 14.1/100=0.141 moles[/tex]

Finally, we can calculate the volume of formed CO2:

V([tex]CO_{2} [/tex] )=nxVm=0.141x22.4=3.16 [tex] dm^{3} [/tex]

Final answer:

Approximately 1.998 moles of NH3 are required to react with 2.1x10^24 molecules of O2.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) → 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
From the equation, we can see that 4 moles of NH3 react with 7 moles of O2. Therefore, in order to find the mass of NH3 required to react with 2.1x10^24 molecules of O2, we need to convert the number of O2 molecules to moles and then use the mole ratio to calculate the moles of NH3 required.

Step 1: Convert 2.1x10^24 O2 molecules to moles:
Moles of O2 = (2.1x10^24 molecules) / (6.022x10^23 molecules/mol) = 3.49 moles O2

Step 2: Use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find the moles of NH3 required:
4 moles NH3 / 7 moles O2 = (3.49 moles O2) * (4/7) = 1.998 moles NH3

Therefore, approximately 1.998 moles of NH3 are required to react with 2.1x10^24 molecules of O2.

Final answer:

The volume of 0.50 moles of ammonia at STP is calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the standard molar volume (22.41 L) resulting in 11,205 mL, making option D (11,200 mL) the closest correct answer.

Explanation:

To find the volume of 0.50 moles of ammonia (NH₃) at STP, we use the concept of the standard molar volume of a gas. The standard molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), which is defined as 0°C (273 K) and 1 atm pressure. For any ideal gas, which includes ammonia under these conditions, this volume is 22.41 liters (L).

Therefore, to calculate the volume occupied by 0.50 moles of NH₃ at STP, we multiply the number of moles by the standard molar volume:

Since the question asks for the volume in milliliters (mL), we convert liters to milliliters by remembering that 1 L = 1000 mL:

Therefore, the correct answer is D. 11,200 mL, which is the closest to our calculated volume of 11,205 mL.

Explanation:

A reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat is known as exothermic reaction.

General reaction equation for exothermic reaction is as follows.

          [tex]Reactants \rightarrow Products + Energy[/tex]

For example, lightening a candle is an exothermic reaction.

Thus, we can conclude that in an exothermic reaction, energy may be released to the surroundings in the form of heat.

Answer:

Explanation:

Pseudoephedrine elixir contains 30 milligrams per teaspoon. The daily retail sales limit for pseudoephedrine is 3.6 grams. How many ounces of elixir is equivalent to 3.6 grams?

convert 3.6 grams to milligrams

3.6*1000

3600milligrams

but

30mg=1 teaspoon

3600mg=x teaspoon

120 teaspoon

but 1ounce=6 teaspoon

     x=120 teaspoon

x=20 ounce

Therefore the daily limit of Pseudoephedrine elixir will be 20 Ounce

The molecular formula of the compound is C10H20O.

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Menthol, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops, is composed of C, H, and O. A 0.1005-g sample of menthol is combusted, producing 0.2829 g of CO2 and 0.1159 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula  for menthol?  If the compound has a molar mass of 156 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?

First we have to obtain the mass/moles of each element;

Mass of C;

0.2829 g/44g/mol * 12 g/1 mol  = 0.077 g of C

Number of moles of C =  0.077 g of C/ 12 g/mol = 0.0064 moles

Mass of H;

0.1159 g/18g/mol * 2g/1mol = 0.0129 g of H

Number of moles of H = 0.0129 g of H/1 g/mol = 0.0129 moles

Mass of O = 0.1005 g - (0.077 g + 0.0129 g)

Mass of O = 0.1005 g - 0.0899

= 0.0106 g

Number of moles of O =  0.0106 g/ 16 g/mol = 0.000663 moles

Dividing through by the lowest number of moles;

C - 0.0064/0.000663      H - 0.0129/0.000663    O - 0.000663/0.000663

C - 10                               H - 20                               O - 1

Empirical formula; C10H20O

Since the molecular formula is 156 g/mol

(C10H20O)n = 156

Where n is the number of each atom in the compound

(120 + 20 + 16)n = 156

156n = 156

n = 1

Hence the molecular formula of the compound is C10H20O.

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Final answer:

Properties of elements that visibly show periodic trends when their values are graphed include atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Explanation:

The properties of elements that visibly show periodic trends when their values are graphed include atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Atomic size, or atomic radius, generally increases as you move down a group (vertical column) in the periodic table. This is because additional energy levels or electron shells are added as you move down, resulting in larger atomic size.

On the other hand, ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, generally increases as you move across a period (horizontal row) from left to right in the periodic table. This is because the atomic size decreases and the attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electron increases, making it more difficult to remove an electron.

Lastly, electron affinity, which is the energy change when an atom gains an electron, also shows periodic trends. Electron affinity generally becomes more negative (increases) as you move across a period from left to right, except for a few exceptions. This is because atoms on the right side of the periodic table have a higher effective nuclear charge, which makes it easier for them to attract and gain electrons.

Answer: Methane

Explanation:

The sedimentary rocks includes enormous amounts of organic matter that is produced by the decomposition and degradation of the dead matter from plants and animals. These rocks may exhibit methane gas a valuable fossil fuel. It is a greenhouse gas. The burning of one molecule of this gas produces  one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water.  

Answer:

[tex]IMA = 3[/tex]

Explanation:

The ideal mechanical advantage of the inclined plane is:

[tex]IMA = \frac{L}{h}[/tex]

[tex]IMA = \frac{4.5\,m}{1.5\,m}[/tex]

[tex]IMA = 3[/tex]

Final answer:

The hydrogen ion concentration [H+] changes by a factor of 10 for each unit change in pH. Therefore, a pH change of 3.20 units results in a 10^3.20 (approximately 1,585-fold) change in [H+].

Explanation:

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. The pH value is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]). For each unit change in pH, the hydrogen ion concentration changes by a factor of 10.

When considering a pH change of 3.20 units, you calculate the change in hydrogen ion concentration by raising 10 to the power of the pH change. Therefore, for each pH change of 1 unit, the [H+] changes by a factor of 10. Hence, for a change of 3.20 units:

For each pH change of 3.20 units, the [H⁺] concentration changes by a factor of approximately 1584.89.

A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a change in the [H⁺] concentration by a factor of 10. Consequently, a change of two units represents a change in the [H⁺] concentration by a factor of 100. For a change of 3.20 units, the factor is 103.20.

Calculating this, we get:

103.20 = 1584.89

Therefore, the [H⁺] concentration changes by a factor of approximately 1584.89 for a pH change of 3.20 units.

Final answer:

The correct answer is B. One that contains as much solute as it can hold at a given temperature. This is because a saturated solution is exactly that; it has reached its solubility limit for solute at a specific temperature and cannot dissolve any more of that solute.

Explanation:

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent at a given temperature has been reached. If no more solute can be dissolved at that temperature, the solution has reached its solubility limit. This is in contrast to an unsaturated solution, where less solute is dissolved than the solvent can hold at that temperature. Furthermore, a supersaturated solution contains more solute than the normal solubility limit due to special circumstances, such as being carefully cooled after being heated to dissolve the extra solute, but this is not a stable state.

Considering the options provided: