Answer:
The correct answer is option B.
Explanation:
The ultraviolet light leads to a mutation in bacteria. It is a probability that UV light had an impact on a colony of blue-colored bacteria resulting in a mutation. The mutagen found in the ultraviolet light leads to a mutation in bacteria. It is known that mutation refers to a change in the genetic substance and can lead to more functionalities in a species.
Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?
A) random fertilization of eggs by sperm
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) crossover of homologous chromosomes
D) age of either or both parents
Answer:
The correct answer is option d) age of either or both parents.
Explanation:
Genetic variation is the difference in nucleotide sequences between individuals organisms within a particular population. Variation can occur either in germ cells that are sperm and egg or in somatic cells or in both.
Random fertilization of egg and sperm can lead to genetic variation is every germ cell has a different set of chromosomes. Independent assortment of chromosomes is also the same as random fertilization as it is also random. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes is one of a major source of the genetic variation as it forms a new set of chromosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is option D) age of either or both parents.
In the DNA helix, which part of the nucleotide forms the sides of the ladder, the backbone? A. Pentose sugar and Nitrogen base B. Phosphate group and Carboxylic acid C. Pentose sugar and Phosphate group D. Nitrogen base and Carboxylic acid
Answer:
The response is C. Pentose sugar and Phosphate group
Explanation:
The backbone of the DNA helix is formed by phosphate groups and sugars that are connected by phosphodiester bonds. The four (4) nitrogen bases are localized in the center of the DNA helix, where Adenine pairs with guanine, and thymine with cytosine
Tall pea plants are dominant over short pea plants. If there are 200 short plants in the F2 generation from a cross that followed Mendel's methods, about how many plants will be tall in that generation?
Answer:When two true breeding plants breed they produce an F1 generation. The genotype for the true breeding parents would be TT and tt. Each of the offspring in the F1 generation would have the genotype of Tt and would have the phenotype of being tall, since tall is dominant. Next, we breed the plants of the F1 generation to produce the F2 generation. We know that the phenotype of the parents are both Tt. From this you can create a punnet square:
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
Explanation:TT is expressed as tall
Tt is expressed as tall
tt is expressed as short
The punnet square shows you that 75% would be tall and 25% would be short.
The 200 short plants in the questions would be 25% of 800. Take the 200 away from 800 and you get approximately 600 that would be tall.
Answer:
600 tall plants.
Explanation:
Tall pea plants is dominant over short pea plants. The short pea plants has genotype tt. Tall pea plants can genotype either TT or Tt.
According to mendel's cross the cross between TT × tt will result in the following genotype.
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
The cross clearly indicates that 25% plant will be short and 75% plant will be tall. 25% plant is short out of 800. So, the remaining 600 plants will be tall.
Thus, 600 plants will be tall in the generation.
The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin target the pancreas, ________, and ________ to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion.
Answer: stomach + liver
Explanation:
smoking increases ____ levels in the blood, thus increasing the possibility of unwanted clotting.
Answer:
Increases homocysteine levels
Explanation:
Homocysteine is an aminoacid that is resent in our blood already. This is mostly increased in our blood due to increased consumption of meat and other potential reasons, such as smoking.
High level of this aminoacid are linked to the development of heart diseases. This is because a high homocysteine level causes development of heart diseases along with other risks of renerl diseases.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
Glucose Levels
Explanation:
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year around, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn to winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in groups size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation above?(A) It is the spring and in the early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.(D) Winters in prairie vole's habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
Answer: the correct answer is E. Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
Explanation:
Mortality among young voles from spring to early fall is high because snakes are active during this time.
Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? brain stem hypothalamus frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex reticular formation
Final answer:
The hypothalamus is responsible for the integration of the autonomic nervous system, balancing the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems to maintain homeostasis.
Explanation:
The hypothalamus is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). As the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms, it plays a crucial role in regulating both autonomic and endocrine functions. This includes tasks such as adjusting the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems to maintain homeostasis within the body. The hypothalamus receives sensory information and higher cognitive input, which it uses to coordinate sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent pathways, thus regulating the activities of various organ systems.
Vicky is presenting his research on Echinoderms. How should he explain the water vascular system
A)It helps draw water into the siphon
B)It draws water into the tube feet,which help in locomotion
C)It helps expand the body size, which helps in molting
D)It helps the process of filter feeding
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet.
It draws water into the tube feet,which help in locomotion,by this way he can explain the water vascular system.
What is meant by vascular system? Circulatory system is an important system in our body whose role is to circulate essential ions, nutrients etc to all the parts of our body. It is also known as the cardiovascular system or vascular system. Different organisms have different kinds of circulatory systems depending on their needs.It draws water into the tube feet,which help in locomotion,by this way he can explain the water vascular system.
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A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. What would be the order of the bases on the complementary strand of DNA?
Answer: Complementary strand of DNA will be thymine, Guanine,Guanine and cytosine.
Explanation: This is a process called DNA transcription, where DNA makes exact copies of itself during gene expression. DNA unwinds and parent DNA strand will make exact copies of itself resulting in two daughter strands. Complementary base pairs will be formed in a way that adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. This reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase enzyme.
(50 POINTS + BRAINLIEST!!!)What did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate?
Earth's early atmosphere contained abundant oxygen.
Early Earth was constantly bombarded with comets.
Small organic molecules formed from gas mixture of Earth's early atmosphere.
Organisms were spontaneously generated on early Earth.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Miller and Urey performed an experiment, using some inorganic molecules such as water, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen in laboratories conditions similar to early earth conditions .
Amino acids molecules formed as the result of this experiment, this proved that small organic molecules such as amino acids are formed from inorganic molecules.
Hence, the correct answer is option C
Answer: c
Explanation:
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? a. pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit b. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein c. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery d. left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation
The correct sequence of the blood circulation in the birds and mammals is c. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle --> pulmonary artery, among the given options.
Mammals and birds both have a four-chambered heart which is very efficient that makes two circuits of blood circulation for oxygenated through the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs separately.
Vena cavae are vessels used to carry the deoxygenated blood from the body and enters the right atrium.There is a valve called the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle through which the deoxygenated blood enters into the right ventricle.The pulmonary valve brings the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the main pulmonary artery that carries it to the lungs for uptake of oxygen again.Learn more about blood circulation:
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Which two factors below make rapid and substantial blood loss life threatening? loss of immunity and loss of carbon dioxide carrying capacity loss of immunity and loss of blood pressure loss of clotting ability and loss of osmotic pressure loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity
Answer:
Loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity
Explanation:
If blood pressure decreases to critical levels the tissue perfusion will be seriously affected. This means that there will be limited nutrients for tissue cells and they will not be able to keep normal functions and will start dying.
If you lose your oxygen carrying capacity tissue cells will not be able to keep aerobic respiration and in a few minutes die.
Rapid and substantial blood loss is life-threatening due to loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen-carrying capacity. Reduced blood pressure can impair vital organ function, leading to death. The loss of blood also reduces the body's ability to transport oxygen to cells and tissues.
Explanation:The two factors that make rapid and substantial blood loss life-threatening are the loss of blood pressure and the loss of oxygen-carrying capacity. Rapid blood loss leads to reduced blood pressure, which can decrease perfusion to the brain and other vital organs, leading to organ shutdown and death. Simultaneously, the loss of blood also reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity. The human body cannot survive without oxygen for more than a few minutes.
When the oxygen-carrying capacity is decreased due to blood loss, the body's cells and tissues are deprived of the necessary oxygen, impairing their function or causing them to die. Therefore, maintaining both blood pressure and oxygen-carrying capacity is crucial, especially in situations involving significant blood loss.
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What would most likely happen if green plants were exposed to longer days of sunlight?
A. The vacuoles would quickly shrink.
B. The mitochondria would produce less energy.
C. The chloroplasts would produce more energy.
D. The cell wall would become thicker.
(It's for APEX, help me pls)
Answer:
The Chloroplasts would create more energy
Explanation:
If green plants were exposed to longer days of sunlight, the chloroplast would produce more energy. Thus, the correct option is C.
Why sunlight is required for plants?The sunlight is required for plants to initiate the process of photosynthesis. Through this method, green plants synthesize their own food with the help of carbon dioxide and water.
When green plants were exposed to longer days of sunlight, they perform the process of photosynthesis through which chloroplast synthesize glucose that delivers more energy to the plants.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.
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A rapid mechanism is thought to govern the localization of AQP5 in response to changes in extracellular osmolarity. If this mechanism is independent of both PKA activity and S156 phosphorylation, which of the following will most likely be observed?
(A) HEK cells exposed to the most hypertonic conditions will display the greatest degree of AQP5 membrane localization, allowing water to flow into the cells.
(B) HEK cells exposed to the most hypotonic conditions will display the greatest degree of AQP5 membrane localization, allowing water to flow into the cells.
(C) HEK cells exposed to the most isotonic conditions will display the greatest degree of AQP5 membrane localization, allowing water to flow into the cells.
Answer:
(B) HEK cells exposed to the most hypotonic conditions will display the greatest degree of AQP5 membrane localization, allowing water to flow into the cells.
Explanation:
The function of AQP5 (an aquaporin) is to allow the water to move into or out of the cell down the concentration gradient. When placed in hypotonic solutions, the internal environment of HEK cells will be hypertonic. Water always moves from hypotonic (higher water concentration) to hypertonic (lower water concentration) solution.
Hence, the HEK cells exposed to the hypotonic conditions will localize AQP5 in their membranes to allow the water to move from out hypotonic conditions to the inner hypertonic environment.
What happens if you have an extra chromosome?
Answer:
If a person has extra chromosome you or they might have down syndrome
Explanation:
Normally a baby inherits 23 chromosome from each parent which is equal to 46 total and basically those who survive develop down syndrome
Which of these is a way climate change positively affects organisms?
A. Reduces current food supply
B. Provides new habitat
C. Reduces habitat area
D. Increases ocean acidity
Answer:
Climate change positively affects organisms by providing them new habitat.
Explanation:
Climate change induces changes in various parameters of an ecosystem like temperature, precipitation, soil properties etc. habitats may undergo changes that make it unsuitable for native organisms to live in.
But this new conditions may be favourable for some other kind of organisms to thrive and flourish.
For example, when temperature of a lake increases due to climate change warm water aquatic organisms find a new habitat in the lake. But this threatens the life of native cold water organisms of the lake.
Thus climate change doesn’t bring any benefits to living world without harming one or the other group of organisms.
Answer:
Explanation:Climate change positively affects organisms by providing them new habitat. Explanation:Climate change induces changes in various parameters ...
In primary production ________. oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs proteins are made by animals carbon dioxide is released into the water oxygen is utilized by plants there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
Answer:
There is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
Explanation:
Primary production refers to the total biomass produced by producers. It mainly includes the organic matter produced by the photosynthetic activity of green plants using the energy of sunlight. Since the process of primary production includes the production of organic matter, the organic matter present in living beings is increased.
Hormone secretion is often regulated through a negative feedback mechanism, which means that once a hormone is secreted it will cause the hypothalamus and pituitary to shut down the production of signals necessary to secrete the hormone in the first place. Most oral contraceptives are made of small doses of estrogen and/or progesterone. Why would this be an effective means of contraception?
Answer:
Oral contraceptives inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins by inhibiting the secretion of GnRH through a negative feedback mechanism.
Explanation:
Most oral contraceptive pills have combined dosages of estrogen and progesterone or one of these hormones. The estrogen and progesterone are involved in negative feedback inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Presence of small dosages of estrogen and progesterone inhibit the secretion of GnRH and thereby, prevents the secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH).
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) is required for maturation of follicles while LH (Luteinizing Hormone) is required for ovulation of mature follicle.
Hence, hormonal contraceptives prevent conception by preventing follicle development and ovulation due to the absence of gonadotropins (FSH and LH).
Before contact with Europeans, a tiny, isolated group of South Pacific islands had a population of about 50,000 people. Because of poor management of their own resources, the population fell to around 5000 by about the year 1750. When Europeans finally arrived, they brought smallpox, and after the ensuing epidemic, only about 800 islanders were left alive. The unusual genetic makeup of the native population is due to what phenomenon?
Answer:
fitness
Explanation:
The transcription terminator stops DNA polymerase, AND results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template. adds a terminator nucleotide to the RNA, AND results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA. stops DNA polymerase, AND adds a terminator nucleotide to the RNA. results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA, AND stops DNA polymerase. results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA, AND results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template.
Answer:
Results in a hairpin loop structure in RNA, AND results in the polymerase falling off the DNA template.
Explanation:
As the RNA polymerase arrives at the terminator site, it pauses. The termination of RNA transcription occurs when an RNA transcript with a self-complementary sequence is formed leading to the formation of the hairpin structure. The hairpin structure has 15-20 nucleotides.
The hairpin structure of RNA weakens A=U base pairs in RNA-DNA hybrid and/or weakens the interaction between RNA and RNA polymerase. The overall effect is the dissociation of RNA polymerase from the complex and termination of the transcription.
Compare the structures and functions of the biomolecules lipids and starches.
Answer:
Lipids:
Lipids may be defined as the class of organic compounds that are either fatty acids or their derivatives. Lipids mainly composed of a glycerol molecule, long hydrocarbon chains and a phosphate or other chemical group. The main function of lipids are: They acts as energy fuel and acts as a main constituent of plasma membrane.
Starches
Starch may be defined as a type of carbohydrate and present in plants as well as animal. Starch mainly composed of large glucose units linked through the glycosidic bonds. The main function of starch is to provide energy to an organism.
Lipids and starches are biomolecules with different structures and functions. Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic, while starch is a type of carbohydrate used for energy storage in plants and animals.
Explanation:Lipids and starches are both types of biomolecules, but they have different structures and functions.
Lipids:Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic in nature.They include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.Fats are a stored form of energy, while phospholipids make up the matrix of cell membranes, and steroids have important functions in the body.Starches:Starch is a polysaccharide, which is a type of carbohydrate.It is used by plants as a storage form of glucose.Glycogen is another storage form of glucose, but it is used by animals.Both starch and glycogen are made up of repeating units of glucose.Learn more about Comparing structures and functions of lipids and starches here:https://brainly.com/question/12906799
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Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing division, you see that the condensed chromosomes have lined up along the midline of the cell. The homologous pairs are NOT joined in tetrads. Each chromosome takes its own place in line, independent of its homolog. You are witnessing _____.
Answer:
Mitotic metaphase or metaphase II of meiosis
Explanation:
Metaphase in mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis II include alignment of chromosomes along the equator of the cell with help of spindle apparatus. Here, each chromosome has two sister chromatids.
Metaphase I of meiosis I includes alignment of homologous pairs along the equator of the cell. Since the observed cell have individuals chromosomes aligned along the mid line of the cell, it is metaphase of mitosis or metaphase II of meiosis.
What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
Answer:
Sarcoplastic reticulum
Explanation:
The sarcoplastic reticulum is a structure found in muscle cells that stores calcium ions in skeletal muscles. They are made up of a network of smooth endoplasmic reticul (SER), that wrap around the myofibrils and help in transmitting electrical impulses that will determine whether the muscle will contract or not.
The structure in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores, releases, and retrieves calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.
Explanation:In the skeletal muscle cells, the structure that functions in calcium storage is known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that is responsible for storing, releasing, and retrieving calcium ions. The calcium ions stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are crucial for the process of muscle contraction.
The calcium ions get released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, referred to as sarcoplasm, where they bind to proteins that regulate the process of contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers. After the muscle contraction process is completed, ATP-dependent calcium pumps actively transport calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage and out of the cell.
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A client was hospitalized after a family member filed a petition for involuntary hospitalization for safety reasons. The family member seeks out the nurse because the client is angry and refuses to talk. The family member states, “I feel so guilty about my decision.” Which response by the nurse is the most empathic?
Answer:
"It is common for family members to feel this way. Can you tell me more?"
It ensures the family member to be calm and to know that she is not guilty
Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? View Available Hint(s) Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body? The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. Land vertebrates are bigger and require more tubing to reach all areas of the body. The circuits increase the amount of surface area available for the diffusion of gases and nutrients in the body. Blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated before being pumped to the rest of the body.
Explanation:
There are two types of circulation in mammals. The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. As you might know, mammals use double circulation of blood.
The pulmonary circulation is the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs.
While
The systemic circulation is the circulation of blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
.
I hope this helps.
The circulatory system of land vertebrates has separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body because the large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is the Circulatory system?The circulatory system may be defined as a type of system that significantly contains a series of organs like the heart and the blood vessels that effectively transport blood along with oxygen and other nutrients throughout the body.
The circulatory system is significantly utilized in order to transport blood through the body. Some primitive animals use diffusion for the exchange of water, nutrients, and gases. However, complex organisms use the circulatory system to carry gases, nutrients, and waste through the body.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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Scientists in different parts of the world study the path and speed of a newly discovered comet. If the results of the studies are identical, they would most likely be
Answer:
Reliable
Explanation:
The term reliability refers to the findings of the study or the results being replicated more than once.
Answer:
The correct answer would be - Valid or reliable.
Explanation:
The validity or reliability of a study is a measure of an experiment or studies that helps in to check or test if a study is correct or not. It helps in the determination of the study method and explanation of the phenomena of particular study.
The reliability or validity of a study can be established by same results or conclusions by repeating the study or experiment every time.
Thus, the correct answer is - valid or reliable.
which of the following is NOT a way a cell can increase its surface area
A. decrease its volume
B. add organelles
C. let water out of the cell
D. all of the above
the answer to this question is D.all of the above
Answer:
D. all of the above
Explanation:
Cells increase their surface area through microvilli, which are often digitiform plasma membrane projections, ie, glove-finger shaped. They are stable or permanent type specializations on the cell surface. Microvilli enlarge the surface of the plasma membrane increasing its efficiency for exchanges with the cavity or extracellular medium.
If a cell lets water out it will lose volume. The volume of the cell is proportional to the size of the surface area, so if the cell decreases its volume it also decreases its surface area. Also, the cell cannot add new organelles.
1. One of the results of the new and current naming system is that
the scientist who discovers an organism gets to classify the organism
names are universal
the scientist who discovers an organism gets to decide how long the name for the organism should be
more than one name is used for an organism
Answer:
Names are universal
Explanation:
Current naming system that is followed all over the world is called binomial nomenclature. There are many significant and useful features of this classification system however one of the most important feature is the universality of the name.
The scientific names of organism are usually Latin derived and composed of two parts among which first is genus name and second is specie name.
For example: Rosa indica is the scientific name of Rose and it is same all over the world. Unlike common names we dont have to search for name to make others understand which flower we are talking about because if we know scientific name anyone can understand it.
Hope it help!
Cells undergoing chemotaxis rely on the process of accommodation to keep moving towards higher concentrations of attractants. What protein is directly responsible for modifying the MCP and causing accommodation?
Answer: CheA
Explanation:
Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that bind to other, cells that require specific antibodies to these proteins, making them a form of communication between the system cells immune. That process by which cells are sent to move through a chemical stimulus is called chemotaxis. The internal environment is responsible for the signal transduction part received by the receivers. CheR is a relatively slow enzyme and its main function is to methylate the receptors. It is divided into two domains: one responsible for substrate identification and the other for transferring methyl groups to the receptor.
Answer:
CheR is the protein responsible of for modifying the MCP and causing accommodation. When cells undergo chemotaxis.
Explanation:
Chemotaxis is the movement effect a certain organism suffers after being exposed to chemical stimuli. The organisms that react like this are somatic cells, bacteria, single-cell, or multicellular organisms. Now, when these organisms are in the regulation phase they accept CheR to modify the Mcp or methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. The McP is modified because it is needed to regulate the number of proteins required to move and maintaining the number of proteins high but not over administered. Thus, to be capable o performing chemotaxis at its most optimate level at any time.
If a sample of air contains 1 g/kg of water vapor and has a relative humidity of 25 percent at -5 degrees Celsius how much water vapor does it need to contain to be saturated?
A) 2 g/kg
B) 1 g/kg
C) 4 g/kg
D) 3 g/kg
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
As we know that
Relative humidity (RH) is defined as the ratio of amount of water vapor present in a given sample of air to the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by the same sample of air to attain saturation at a particular temperature .
Thus,
[tex]RH = \frac{X}{Y} \\[/tex]
Where X represents the current amount of water vapor present in a given sample of air
and Y represents the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by the same sample of air to attain saturation at a particular temperature
Substituting the given values in above equation we get -
[tex]0.25 = \frac{1 g/Kg}{Y} \\Y = \frac{1 g/Kg}{0.25} \\Y = 4 g/Kg[/tex]
Hence, option C is the correct answer