Final answer:
To determine if a nucleic acid sample is RNA or DNA, testing for the presence of uracil is most appropriate, as it only occurs in RNA, not DNA.
Explanation:
A scientist who wants to perform a test to determine whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA should test for the presence of the nitrogenous base uracil. DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil but not thymine. The presence of the uracil would indicate that the sample is RNA, and the absence would indicate that the sample is likely DNA. Similarly, if thymine is present, the nucleic acid is more likely to be the DNA as RNA does not contain thymine.
Place these steps of enzyme catalysis in the correct order:
1. The substrate and enzyme change shape.
2. The substrate enters the active site.
3. The enzyme reverts to its original configuration.
4. The product is expelled.
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 1, 3, 4, 2
c) 2, 1, 4, 3
d) 2, 1, 3, 4
e) 2, 3, 1, 4
Answer: Option C. 2, 1, 4, 3
Explanation:
Enzyme catalysis is defined increase in the rate of a process with the help of a biological molecule called enzyme.
Enzymes follows specific steps to perform catalysis that includes:
1) In the first step enzyme is introduced to substrate and substrate binds to the active site of enzyme and form enzyme/substrate complex.
2) In the second step the active site and substrate changes their shape. The complex holds each other together more tightly and proceed to the process of catalysis and results in enzyme/products complex.
3) After completing catalysis the enzyme releases the product.
4) After the release of enzyme, enzyme turns to its original shape or configuration.
Hence, the correct option is C.
The correct sequence of enzyme catalysis steps is: substrate enters the active site, substrate and enzyme change shape, product is expelled, enzyme reverts to its original configuration. Thus, the correct order is (c) 2, 1, 4, 3.
Explanation:To answer the question, we need to place the steps of enzyme catalysis in the correct order. The correct order is as follows: The substrate enters the active site (2), the substrate and enzyme change shape (1), the product is expelled (4), and finally, the enzyme reverts to its original configuration (3). Therefore, the sequence of events for enzyme catalysis is: (c) 2, 1, 4, 3, which corresponds to the steps described in figures and references provided.
Enzyme catalysis begins with the substrate approaching and binding to the active site on the enzyme, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. After binding, the complex undergoes conformational changes to facilitate the reaction. Once the reaction has occurred, the product is released, and the enzyme returns to its original form, capable of binding to a new substrate.
Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes? binary fission 70S ribosomes ATP-generating mechanism circular chromosome cell wall
Answer:
Cell wall
Explanation:
The presence of a cell wall is a feature of some specific cell types. Prokaryotes such as bacteria possess the cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Cell wall makes outer most covering of their cells in these organisms.
Likewise, archaeans are also the prokaryotes that have cell walls to make the outer most covering of their cells. Among several functions, cell walls in these organisms impart them the mechanical strength and prevent the bursting of cells in a hypotonic environment.
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles present in the cells of eukaryotes only. They are the powerhouse of these cell types and serve as a site of ATP production by the process of cellular respiration.
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles and have a circular DNA. However, they do not have a cell wall around them.
The item NOT found or observed in both mitochondria and prokaryotes is the cell wall. Mitochondria lack a cell wall, whereas prokaryotic cells typically have one.
Explanation:The question asks which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes: binary fission, 70S ribosomes, ATP-generating mechanism, circular chromosome, cell wall. Mitochondria and prokaryotes share several similarities due to the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes. They both undergo binary fission for replication, both have 70S ribosomes for protein synthesis, both have an ATP-generating mechanism, and both contain circular chromosome as their DNA. However, mitochondria do not have a cell wall; this structure is typical of prokaryotic cells and is not found in mitochondria.
Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?
a. They are made up of DNA and protein.
b. Each chromosome is replicated into two chromatids during the S phase of interphase.
c. Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission.
d. All cells contain chromosomes that carry the same genetic information.
The function of RNA polymerase is to _________.
a. catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides.
b. activate tRNAs.
c. cleave mRNA to remove introns.
d. catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribonucleotids.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-A.
Explanation:
RNA polymerase is the enzymes which perform the process of transcription that synthesizes the RNA from one strand of the DNA.
These polymerase moves step-wise along the DNA strand adding one nucleotide in 5′-to-3′ direction. They catalyze the reaction by forming the phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides using the energy from the high energy bonds of ATP and form the linear RNA.
Thus, option-A is the correct answer.
The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.
If an individual has a recessive phenotype for a particular trait, it can be concluded that
A. both parents also had a recessive phenotype for that trait.
B. only one parent had a recessive phenotype for that trait.
C. both parents were homozygous for the dominant gene for that trait.
D. each parent had at least one recessive gene for that trait.
E. none of the above
Answer:
D. Each parent had at least one recessive gene for that trait.
Explanation:
Actually, the correct answer would be "Each parent had at least one recessive allele for that trait", but we can consider D to be correct.
Recessive phenotypes are only expressed when both copies of the gene are recessive alleles. If you have one recessive allele and one dominant allele, your phenotype will be dominant, same way as if you both alleles were dominant.
Each allele is inherited from one parent, so you have one parental allele, and one maternal allele. If your phenotype is recessive, it means you inherited a recessive allele from your mother and one from your father, so you can conclude that both parents had at least one copy of the recessive allele. What you can't say is that both parents had a recessive phenotype, because it could be that they had one dominant and one recessive allele, so they would be able to pass on the recessive allele to the next generation, but their phenotype would be dominant.
Type of essential organic compound that is used for structure and support as well as acting as catalysts. A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Nucleic Acids D. Lipids
Answer:
Proteins are used for structure and support as well as acting as catalysts.
Explanation:
Enzymes are a type of protein called catalysts. Its function is to accelerate chemical reactions without modifying, which means that it can be used, again and again.
The carbohydrates represent the cell's energy source while lipids serve as an energy reserve. The nucleic acids constitute the fundamental repository of genetic information, especially DNA
What other organisms do you think would have different homeostasis mechanisms from humans? Why would this be an advantage in their environment?
One example of an organism with different Homeostasis mechanisms from humans is salt water fish who possess specialized cells to remove the excess salt from their bodies.
Homeostasis refers to an organism's ability to regulate functions necessary to sustain life. Some examples of this in humans are:
Sweating to expel excess heatBlood-glucose regulationThese are examples in humans that help us to stay alive in arid environments or regulate the sugar in our bodies. Fish and other underwater organisms consume the same water that they swim in to survive. For those organisms that live in salt water environments, the salt found in the water they consume can be dangerous in large concentrations.
To avoid this, salt water fish have developed specialized cells to release the excess salt from their bodies. This mechanism is different from anything humans possess.
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Organisms develop different homeostasis mechanisms to adapt to their specific environments, such as insulation in polar bears for cold climates or heat dissipation adaptations in desert animals. Extremophiles survive in extreme conditions with unique cellular structures, and all organisms use feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
Explanation:Organisms living in different environments possess unique homeostasis mechanisms to maintain stable internal conditions. For example, organisms in cold climates, such as the polar bear, have evolved insulating adaptations like fur and blubber. Their ability to conserve body heat provides a significant advantage in their harsh, frigid habitats. In contrast, organisms in hot climates, such as desert animals, have developed mechanisms to dissipate excess body heat through behaviors like panting or physical adaptations such as large ears for heat radiation.
Extremophiles, a type of organism that thrives in extreme conditions, are another example of different homeostatic adaptations. Certain bacteria can survive high temperatures in environments such as hot springs due to specialized proteins and cellular structures. This adaptation not only allows their survival but also reduces competition as few organisms can live under such extreme conditions.
Feedback mechanisms are crucial for all organisms to regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and homeostasis. A common example in humans is the sweating mechanism that activates during overheating. In essence, every organism has different strategies to cope with environmental stressors that significantly increase their chances of survival.
Human proteins can be produced by cells in the milk-producing mammary glands of transgenic mammals if the regulatory sequence of a milk gene is used to produce the recombinant gene. Why is it important to use the regulatory sequence of a milk gene when constructing a recombinant gene used to produce a human protein secreted in milk? The regulatory sequence controls the _____.
Answer:
The given blank can be filled with location of gene expression.
Explanation:
A regulatory sequence refers to a section of a molecule of nucleic acid that possesses the tendency of declining or upsurging the expression of particular genes within an organism. The regulation of gene expression is an important characteristic of all living species and viruses.
In the given case, it is essential to use the regulatory sequence of a milk gene when developing a recombinant gene as a regulatory sequence monitors the location of gene expression.
The regulatory sequence of a milk gene is crucial in producing recombinant human proteins in transgenic animal milk because it controls gene expression, ensuring proteins are made at correct times and in appropriate amounts. Transgenic animals like sheep and goats are often used as they can provide the necessary eukaryotic post-translational modifications not possible in bacterial expression systems.
Explanation:It is important to use the regulatory sequence of a milk gene when constructing a recombinant gene used to produce a human protein secreted in milk because the regulatory sequence controls the expression of the gene. Essentially, this means that it governs when, where, and how much of the protein is produced. The milk gene regulatory sequence is specialized to be active in the mammary glands during lactation, which ensures that the recombinant human protein is produced and secreted into the milk at the right times and in the right amounts.
Using transgenic animals, such as sheep and goats, that have been engineered to express human proteins in their milk, benefits the production of medically important proteins that may not be adequately produced in bacterial systems due to the need for eukaryotic post-translational modifications.
This biotechnological approach is not only limited to livestock but also includes other transgenic animals like mice which are used extensively for expressing and studying the effects of recombinant genes and mutations.
An endangered species of fish has a population that is decreasing exponentially:A=A0 e^kt The population 10 years ago was 1700. Today, only 800 of the fish are alive. Once the population drops below 100, the situation will be irreversible. When will this happen, according to the model? (Round to the nearest whole year.)A.29B.30C.32D.31E.None of the above
The population of the given species can be calculated by the given exponential growth formula:
A[tex]_{\text t}[/tex] = A₀ x [tex]\text e^{\text {{ -kt}}[/tex].
Such that,
A₀ = population 10 years ago = 1700. k = ?A[tex]_{\text t}[/tex] = 800Substituting the values in the fomula:
A[tex]_{\text t}[/tex] = A₀ x [tex]\text e^{\text {{ -kt}}[/tex].
800 = 1700 x [tex]\text e^{\text {{ -kt}}[/tex].
[tex]\dfrac {800}{1700} = \text e^{\text{-kt}}[/tex]
Taking log:
ln ([tex]\dfrac {800}{1700}[/tex]) = k(10) ln e
k = [tex]\dfrac{0.754}{10}[/tex]
k = -0.0754
Now,
The time when population drops below 100:
A[tex]_{\text t}[/tex] = A₀ x [tex]\text e^{\text {{ -kt}}[/tex].
100 = 1700 x [tex]\text e^{\text {{ -kt}}[/tex].
[tex]\dfrac {100}{1700} = \text e^{\text{-kt}}[/tex]
Taking log:
ln ([tex]\dfrac {100}{1700}[/tex]) = [tex]\text e^{\text{-0.0754 x t}}[/tex]
t = [tex]\text{ln}\dfrac{\dfrac{100}{1700}}{(-0.0754)}[/tex]
t = 38
Therefore, the population will drop below a hundred when t> 38.
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The population will drop below 100 approximately 38 years from today, so the correct answer is E. None of the above.
To solve this problem, we first need to determine the value of the constant [tex]\( k \)[/tex] in the exponential decay model. We can use the information given to find [tex]\( k \)[/tex].
Given:
- Population 10 years ago [tex](\( t = 10 \)): \( A_0 = 1700 \)[/tex]
- Current population [tex](\( t = 0 \)): \( A = 800 \)[/tex]
We can use these values to solve for [tex]\( k \)[/tex] using the formula:
[tex]\[ A = A_0 e^{kt} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 800 = 1700 e^{10k} \][/tex]
Dividing both sides by 1700:
[tex]\[ \frac{800}{1700} = e^{10k} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.4706 = e^{10k} \][/tex]
Taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides:
[tex]\[ \ln(0.4706) = \ln(e^{10k}) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \ln(0.4706) = 10k \][/tex]
Now, we can solve for [tex]\( k \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ k = \frac{\ln(0.4706)}{10} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ k \approx \frac{-0.7558}{10} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ k \approx -0.07558 \][/tex]
Now that we have the value of [tex]\( k \)[/tex], we can use it to find when the population drops below 100. Let's denote this time as [tex]\( t_1 \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ 100 = 1700 e^{-0.07558t_1} \][/tex]
Dividing both sides by 1700:
[tex]\[ \frac{100}{1700} = e^{-0.07558t_1} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.0588 = e^{-0.07558t_1} \][/tex]
Taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides:
[tex]\[ \ln(0.0588) = \ln(e^{-0.07558t_1}) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \ln(0.0588) = -0.07558t_1 \][/tex]
Now, we solve for [tex]\( t_1 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ t_1 = \frac{\ln(0.0588)}{-0.07558} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ t_1 \approx \frac{-2.834}{-0.07558} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ t_1 \approx 37.54 \][/tex]
Since we cannot have a fraction of a year, we round up to the nearest whole year. Therefore, the population will drop below 100 approximately 38 years after the initial observation.
However, since the initial population observation was made 10 years ago, we need to add 10 years to this result to find the total time from today:
[tex]\[ 38 + 10 = 48 \][/tex]
Therefore, the population will drop below 100 approximately 48 years from today.
However, since the current time corresponds to \( t = 0 \) in the exponential model, we have to subtract 10 years from our result:
[tex]\[ 48 - 10 = 38 \][/tex]
Thus, the population will drop below 100 approximately 38 years from today.
None of the provided options match this result, so the correct answer should be "E. None of the above."
Temperature phages
Select one:
a. use site specific recombination to incorporate their genome into the host genome for prophage replication until the host's growth is threatened.
b. use reverse transcriptase to incorporate their genome into the host genome for prophage replication.
c. do not cause lysis when exiting the host cell.
d. only occur in temperate regions of the globe.
Answera. use site specific recombination to incorporate their genome into the host genome for prophage replication until the host's growth is threatened.
Explanation:
A temperate phage is a bacteriophage which incorporate it's genome inside the host organism. It replicates it's own genome within the host cell. It basically uses the site specific recombination so as to incorporate the genome within the host cell.
Which of the following is part of a homeostatic control mechanism? Check all that apply.
a) Control Cener
b) Effector Stimulus
c) Stimulus Receptor
The parts of a homeostatic control mechanism include the control center, stimulus receptor, and effector.
Explanation:The parts of a homeostatic control mechanism include the control center, stimulus receptor, and effector. The control center processes information received from the receptor and initiates a response. The stimulus receptor detects changes in the internal or external environment, while the effector carries out the response to counteract the change and restore homeostasis.
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Nitrous oxide enters the blood by diffusion from the alveoli whilst it is being inhaled, but does not bind with hemoglobin. N2O inhibits NMDA receptors in the brain whilst simultaneously encouraging the stimulation of the parasympathetic GABA receptors. This eventually produces an ___________________ effect.
Answer:
The correct answer would be - anesthetic effect.
Explanation:
The mechanism of entering and affecting the CNS or central nervous system by inhibiting NMDA receptors and simultaneously stimulating the parasympathetic GABA receptors to cause an anesthetic effect in the body is explained in question too.
This mechanism is responsible for the anesthetic effect and vigorous oxide increase the release of endorphins of opioid neurotransmitters which is act as pain killers. This anesthetic effect causes less or no pain instead of a limbic depressor.
Thus, the correct answer is - anesthetic effect.
Nitrous oxide, which does not bind hemoglobin, produces an anesthetic effect by affecting NMDA and GABA receptors. It is distinct from nitric oxide, which binds to hemoglobin and relaxes blood vessels, improving cardiovascular health.
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) enters the bloodstream through diffusion and acts as an anesthetic by inhibiting NMDA receptors and stimulating the parasympathetic GABA receptors in the brain. Unlike nitric oxide (NO), which is a vasodilator and binds to hemoglobin, nitrous oxide does not bind with hemoglobin but instead produces an anesthetic effect. While red blood cells facilitate the rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, NO influences the vasodilation of blood vessels and improves gas exchange, which is different from the anesthetic action of N₂O. Nitroglycerin, a heart medication, is converted to NO, which demonstrates the important role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular health and as a treatment for heart disease.
After meeting with their instructor, Pablo and Johanna know that they need to change their experimental design. They contact a local puppy farm and arrange to do their study with 3-month-old litters of pups from four Irish setters, for a total of 24 puppies consisting of 12 females and 12 males. Pablo and Johanna should probably run the experiment ________.
Answer:
For several months, weighing and measuring the pups every week
Explanation:
This is to control variables and keep a measurable set of data that can prove or disprove the theory they had developed, and also to isolate cases that can't be attributed to the experiment they had carried out, like puppies loosing weight due to illnesses, or behavioral factors.
What structural difference accounts for the functional differences between starch and cellulose?A) Starch can be digested by animal enzymes, whereas cellulose cannot.B) Starch and cellulose differ in the glycosidic linkages between their glucose monomers.C) Starch is a polymer of glucose, whereas cellulose is a polymer of fructose.
Answer:
Option (B).
Explanation:
Carbohydrates is one of the most important biomolecule that plays an important role in the living organism. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides sugars linked through glycosidic linkage.
Starch is made of the glucose residues in which the linear glucose residues are linked through alpha glycosidic linkages. Cellulose is the polymers of glucose linked through the beta glycosidic linkage. Hence, they are differ in the glycosidic linkage.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Final answer:
The structural difference between starch and cellulose lies in their glycosidic linkages: starch has α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages while cellulose has β-1,4 linkages, making it indigestible to humans. The correct option is B.
Explanation:
The structural difference between starch and cellulose that accounts for their functional differences is in the type of glycosidic linkages between the glucose monomers from which they are composed. Starch is a polysaccharide that consists of glucose units connected primarily by α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and some α-1,6 linkages, which allow for branches in molecules like amylopectin. In contrast, cellulose is a polysaccharide that has β-1,4 glycosidic linkages, resulting in a linear, rigid structure that enables it to function as a structural element in plant cell walls.
The orientation of the glucose units is crucial: in starch, all the glucose rings are oriented in the same direction, whereas in cellulose, each glucose unit is flipped relative to the next, creating an alternating 'up-down' pattern that leads to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between the chains, giving cellulose its high tensile strength.
The difference in linkages leads to differences in digestibility. Animals have enzymes that can break down the α-linkages in starch but not the β-linkages in cellulose, which is why we can derive energy from starch but not from cellulose.
Brothers, Patrick and Michael, do not look very much alike. Patrick has green eyes and blond, curly hair like his mother. Michael has blue eyes and dark brown, straight hair like his father. These directly observable characteristics are a) phenotypes. b) genotypes. c) chromosomes.d) DNA.
The correct answer is A. Phenotypes
Explanation:
In genetics, the observable traits of an organism that includes behavior, physical traits, biochemical properties, etc. are known as phenotypes. These traits depend on both the genes of the organism (genotype) and the influence of the environment. Due to this, organisms of the same species with a similar genotype can display different phenotypes. This occurs in the case of Patrick and Michael as their observable traits or phenotype is different despite they are brothers. Thus, the observable characteristics are the phenotypes of an organism.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?
Answer:
Proteins
Explanation:
They are found everywhere in the body from muscle, cell membranes, hair, enzymes, and etcetera and are responsible for the phenotype of organisms. Proteins are the ultimate expression of genes in the DNA of organisms. The DNA is transcribed by DNA polymerase into mRNA, then mRNA is translated into protein by ribosomes. This general rule is called the central dogma.
The four major classes of organic molecules forming the structural materials of the body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Proteins, being the most diverse and abundant, play critical roles in structures like cell membranes, skin, and muscles. These insights are fundamental in High School Biology.
In the study of Biology, it is understood that four major classes of organic molecules form the structural materials of the body: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Among these, proteins are the most diverse and abundant. They consist of amino acids and perform a variety of crucial roles such as forming the cell membrane, skin, hair, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
When blood glucose levels drop and glucose stored in the form of liver glycogen is needed to restore normal blood glucose levels, what enzyme is needed to release glucose locked inside the liver? (Assume the liver glycogen has been broken down into units of glucose)
Answer:
i believe the enzyme that needs to be released is called Glucokinase.
Explanation:
The enzyme involved in releasing locked glucose from liver glycogen is glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme promotes glycogenolysis, breaking down glycogen into glucose when blood glucose levels drop. This process is primarily triggered by the hormone glucagon.
Explanation:When blood glucose levels drop, and there's a need to release glucose stored as liver glycogen, the primary enzyme involved in this process is glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme helps promote the process known as glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver (and muscles) back into glucose. This glucose is then released into the bloodstream to restore normal blood glucose levels.
Here is what happens step by step:
Glucagon, a hormone, is released from the pancreas when blood glucose levels drop.Glucagon stimulates the liver to initiate glycogenolysis by activating glycogen phosphorylase.Glycogen phosphorylase then converts glycogen into glucose 1-phosphate, which is subsequently converted into glucose 6-phosphate.Finally, glucose 6-phosphate undergoes another transformation to become glucose.This glucose is then released into the bloodstream where it can be used by the body's cells to generate energy. Therefore, the key enzyme to release glucose locked inside the liver is glycogen phosphorylase.
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If a person has low levels of phosphorous in his or her blood, phosphorous may be "stolen" from bones to make it available for cellular molecules. Which molecules require phosphorous as part of their structure?
Answer:
nucleic acids and phospholipids
Explanation:
Phosphorous is required to make two essential molecules in the body- the nuclei acid and the phospholipids. The nucleic acid contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and is organic compounds that codes for the genetic information in an organism. There are two types of nucleic acid- ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids, i.e RNA and DNA respectively. Both of them sugar-phosphate backbone and therefore, phosphorous is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids in the body. Phospholipids make up the cell membrane and thus, phosphorous is also essential for their synthesis.Question 14
Antacids work because they _____ excess stomach acid.
A)neutralize
B)contain
C)acidify
D)titrate
Answer:
Neutralizing
Explanation:
They do this because the chemicals in antacids are bases
Nonpolar amino acid residues are typically found in the interior of globular proteins like chymotrypsin. Which chemical force is most directly responsible?
A. Tertiary structure
B. Hydrophobic interactions
C. Ionic bonding
D. Covalent bonding
Answer:
The correct answer is B.Hydrophobic interaction
Explanation:
Non polar amino acids like glycine, proline, valine, leucine do not participate in H- bond formation with water due to neutral in nature and have to be placed in that area where they do not interact with water and that portion is the interior(core) of the globular protein.
Hydrophobic interaction is the major chemical force which is responsible for burring of non polar proteins in the center and folding of protein so that non polar amino acids do not interact with water and the protein remain stable and biologically active.
You set up an experiment with yeast grown on lots of food (glucose) vs. very little glucose. Would you expect to see differences in the amount and make-up of tRNA between the two groups?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
The RNA, is composed by the carbohydrate called ribose, that is not glucose but it is made based of the glucose.
The pentose phosphate path, is a metabolic path in which is closely related with glucolisis, the metabolic path in which glucose is turned into energy in human body.
If there is a living thing in which the environment is poor in glucose, it can produce some RNA, but not the necessary to produce the proteins that the cell need.
Final answer:
Yeast grown on high glucose is expected to have more tRNA and potentially different tRNA species compared to yeast grown on low glucose due to adjustments in metabolic activity related to nutrient availability.
Explanation:
In an experiment comparing yeast grown on high versus low glucose concentrations, one may expect to see differences in the amount and make-up of tRNA between the two groups. Yeast cells adjust their molecular machinery, including tRNA synthesis, based on nutrient availability. A growth medium with plentiful glucose would likely lead to higher metabolic activity and protein synthesis, thereby requiring increased amounts of tRNA to support the translation of mRNA into proteins. Conversely, in a low glucose environment, the cells may enter a conservation mode, slowing down metabolism and reducing the need for tRNA and protein synthesis, which could result in a noticeable decrease in the amount of tRNA.
Moreover, the makeup of individual tRNA species could differ, reflecting changes in the expression of various proteins necessitated by the nutrient conditions. For instance, certain amino acids might be in higher demand for proteins involved in glucose metabolism, which could lead to an increased abundance of tRNAs for those amino acids. These adjustments play a critical role in the carbon source adaptation that is often observed in yeast and other microorganisms when subjected to different nutrient conditions.
One aspect of Darwin's theory of natural selection is that adaptations not useful to fitness are lost faster if they have a greater cost. With this in mind, which of the following explanation is most likely true?a) The human little toe is not going away in the near future.b) The human appendix must currently serve an essential function or it would not be in our bodies.c) It is a mystery why we do not have tails.d) Humans are relatively hairless because we look better without hair.
Answer:
a) The human little toe is not going away in the near future
Explanation:
According to my research on Darwin's theory of evolution, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the statement that would most likely be true would be that the human little toe is not going away in the near future. This can be said because the little toe serves as a way to help us balance our bodies and assists in running and other fitness aspects.
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
Final answer:
The most accurate explanation within Darwin's theory of natural selection is that the human little toe is not likely to disappear in the near future as traits that do not significantly impact fitness or pose a high cost can persist in a population due to factors like genetic drift or lack of strong selection pressures.
Explanation:
Regarding the aspect of Darwin's theory of natural selection that adaptations not useful to fitness are lost more quickly if they have a greater cost, the most likely true explanation is that a heritable trait that doesn't help with survival and reproduction and has a significant cost will likely be phased out of a population. This loss occurs because individuals with costly, non-beneficial traits will, on average, leave behind fewer offspring than individuals without such traits. Therefore, option a) The human little toe is not going away in the near future is the most accurate. Over time, traits that do not contribute to fitness or are detrimentally costly in terms of energy and resources tend to be selected against. However, this doesn't mean that traits with a minor impact on fitness or that do not pose a high cost, like the human little toe, will rapidly disappear. Other factors, such as genetic drift or the lack of significant selection pressure against such traits, can affect their persistence in a population.
"Cells use different processes at different times to provide an organism with the energy that it needs. Spirulina is an autotrophic bacteria that can be found in freshwater and marine environments. Which process takes place in the cells of Spirulina that does not occur in the cells of a human?
Answer:
This could be the answer you are looking for Spirulina are photoautotrophs meaning they are photosynthetic. That being said they perform photosynthesis very simple.
Answer:
its a
Explanation:
i just did it
From 1930 to 1939 fire ants spread inland about 60 miles from their point of introduction in Mobile, Alabama. What was the cause of their spread over this distance?
A. a natural spread
B. airplanesbeing transported along with soilbeing
C. transported along with plantsdispersion
D. via ship ballast
A laboratory rat is injected with amphetamines and heroin during the course of an experiment to determine how the animal responds. Findings will show that the activity level of the neurons in the animal's nucleus accumbens______________
Final answer:
Injection of amphetamines and heroin can affect the activity level of neurons in the nucleus accumbens.
Explanation:
The activity level of the neurons in the animal's nucleus accumbens will be affected by the injection of amphetamines and heroin. Both amphetamines and heroin can affect the release and reuptake of dopamine in the brain. The nucleus accumbens is a key part of the brain's reward system, and increased dopamine activity in this region can lead to heightened motivation and reward-seeking behavior.
Departmental overhead rates are generally preferred to plant-wide overhead rates when:
a. the activities of the various departments in the plant are not homogeneous.
b. the activities of the various departments in the plant are homogeneous.
c. most of the overhead costs are fixed.
d. all departments in the plant are heavily automated.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Departmental overhead rates are generally preferred to plant-wide overhead rates when the activities of the various departments in the plant are not homogeneous.
Departmental overhead rates are concerned with a particular department only whereas plant wide overhead covers the whole plant which include various departments inside it.
Geologist discovers fossils of identical spider mites from the same time period but on opposite sides of the ocean from each other. What conclusion is supported by the discovery of these fossils?a. The climate was much cooler during the time that the mites lived.b. The locations of the fossils were once much closer to each other.c. The mites were extraordinary swimmers.d. The locations of the fossils were once vast swamplands.
Answer:
b. the locations of the fossils were once much closer to each other.
Explanation:
This could happened depending the time that is calculate the fossils, could be in pangea times that could be a reasonable answer why they are in the same conditions but in different areas at this moment of the discover. Also the scientist can consider which other fossils are around like plants or other animals that can match like the spider mites. The different kinds of rocks and the layers above could be a clue to conclude about the location of these fossils.
Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification?
a. Low-level groups often have basic access to the rewards and privileges of higher-level groups.
b. It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society.
c. All societies stratify according to wealth accumulation.
d. Families’ social positions start anew with each new generation.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b. "It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society".
Explanation:
Social stratification is a people's differentiation according to its socioeconomic strata, directly affected by its wealth and social status. One of the principles of social stratification is that it is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society. The existence of the different strata is maintained by people's believing in them, as people is rise with the idea of its existence and this idea is passed from generation to generation.
The principle of social stratification which supports that it is maintained by widely shared beliefs in a society is correct. So, option b is correct.
Explanation:The basic principles of social stratification involve a society's categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers. From the options provided, the choice that accurately represents one of these principles is: 'It is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared in a society'. This means that social stratification is supported by belief systems that are generally accepted within a society, forming a social structure in line with these beliefs.
For instance, the tradition of a cast system, which was prominent in India, is sustained by the widely accepted belief in religious and social hierarchies. These belief systems are the pillars for social stratification, promoting inequality or differences among levels of society.
Learn more about Social Stratification here:https://brainly.com/question/32082422
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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the types of shock. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as occurring from a significantly diminished blood volume?
a) Cardiogenic-obstructive shock
b) Hypervolemic shock
c) Hypovolemic shock
d) Distributive shock
Answer:
c) Hypovolemic shock
Explanation:
Hypovolemic shock occurs when circulating blood volume is reduced due to blood loss. This blood loss can occur due to hemorrhage or loss of fluid that accompanies diarrhea, burns or vomiting. When circulating blood volume is reduced, vascular pressure is reduced and tissues do not get enough oxygen and vital nutrients (tissue hypoperfusion). As a result organ systems can fail leading to death.
Peripheral vasoconstriction and movement of fluid into plasma can increase vascular pressure and restore blood flow to critical tissues like brain, kidney and heart. Approximately 10% blood volume less can occur without reducing the vascular pressure. However if 35 to 45% of blood volume is lost, sufficient supply and pressure cant be maintained.