In a phase change diagram, the arrows representing an increase in kinetic energy of particles are those showing endothermic transitions: melting, vaporization, and sublimation, which are marked by purple arrows.
Explanation:Phase changes involve a change in kinetic energy of particles. When particles transition from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or solid to gas, their kinetic energy increases. These changes are represented by the purple arrows in the diagram.
In a phase change diagram, the arrows that represent changes where the kinetic energy of the particles increases are those that indicate heating: from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, and solid to gas. These transitions are endothermic, meaning they require an input of energy from the surroundings. When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (melting), from a liquid to a gas (vaporization), or directly from a solid to a gas (sublimation), the particles gain kinetic energy, allowing them to move more freely and overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together in a more ordered state.
On the phase diagram, these changes are denoted by the purple arrows. Conversely, transitions from a less ordered state to a more ordered state (freezing, condensation, and deposition), indicated by the green arrows, are exothermic. This means energy is released as particles lose kinetic energy and move into a more stable, ordered state.
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?
A)Gas particles are in constant random motion.
B)The volume of individual gas particles is zero.
C)The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
D)Gas particles collide without losing energy.
c) The particles in a gas are attracted to each other
What is the percent by mass of nahco3 in a solution containing 10 g of nahco3 dissolved in 400 ml of h2o?
explain in terms of collision theory, how and why a reactions's rate changes as the reaction progresses
Explanation:
According to collision theory, more is the number of collisions occurring between the combining substances more will be the rate of reaction.
Factors that affect rate of a reaction are as follows.
Temperature - Increase in temperature leads to increase in kinetic energy of particles due to which there occurs more number of collisions between them. As a result, rate of reaction will increase leading to increase in rapid formation of products.
Surface area - More is the surface area of a substance, less will be the interaction between solute and solvent particles. And, when there occurs decrease in surface area then interaction between solute and solvent particles increases. This leads to increase in rate of reaction.
Concentration of reactants - More is the concentration of reactant molecules more is the availability of molecule interaction. As a result, more number of collisions occur leading to increase in rate of a reaction.
Which particles in an atom could demonstrate that opposite charges attract?
A.
a neutron and an electron
B.
two protons together
C.
a proton and a neutron
D.
a proton and an electron
1.
Which best describes the shape of myoglobin, which in many ways is a typical protein?
a complex three-dimensional shape formed from many twisted helixes
a cylindrical shape that forms from a single twisted helix
a straight chain, like beads on a straight piece of string
a highly-branched chain, much like the branches of a maple tree
what determines how many items make up a particular unit
The Avogadro's number is what determines the number of items that
make up a particular unit.
It is a proportionality factor which was named after the Italian scientist known as Amedeo Avogadro.
The Avogadro's number helps to determine the number of items in an
atom, molecule or ion.
Avogadro's number = 1 mole of a substance containing 6.022 × 10²³ items.
Avogadro's number depends on the nature of the substance and the
character of the reaction if present.
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Consider the balanced equation below.
What is the mole ratio of Fe3O4 to Fe?
1:3
1:4
3:1
4:3
Answer:
1:3
Explanation:
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An increase in temperature can disturb the liquid-vapor equilibrium
True
False
4130 J of energy 52g water 10 c initial specific heat 4.18 J waht would the final temperature be
What type of stress is caused by two plates sliding past one another?
1. A 10 g gold coin is heated from 25°C to 50°C (CAu is 0.13 J/g-°C). What is the H?
(Points : 1)
+32.5 J
25 J
+25 J
- 32.5 J
I know it is 32.5 J but is it negative or positive... I say it is negative, but I could be wrong...,
Answer:
+32.5 J
Explanation:
What happens to an atom of fluorine (f) when it forms an ionic bond in which it has the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon?
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, one electron will be gained by fluorine during the reaction.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
The compound that is ionic in nature can be dissociated very easily in water. Since ionic compounds are polar in nature, they readily dissolve in water. When an atom of fluorine (f) when it forms an ionic bond in which it has the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon, one electron will be gained by fluorine to form negative charge anion.
Therefore, one electron will be gained by fluorine during the reaction.
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A gas occupies 50.0 ml at standard temperature and pressure. if the volume of gas increases to 120ml, what is the new pressure
Using Boyle's Law, which states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional under constant temperature and moles of gas, the new pressure is calculated when a gas at STP (1 atm) with a volume of 50.0 ml is expanded to 120 ml. The new pressure is found to be approximately 0.417 atm.
Explanation:The question is asking about the behavior of a gas under different pressures, while the temperature and the quantity of the gas remain constant. According to Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional when temperature and the number of moles of a gas are held constant. This means that if the volume of a gas increases, the pressure will decrease, and vice versa, as long as the temperature and moles of gas do not change. In the given scenario, a gas originally occupies 50.0 ml at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the volume of the gas is increased to 120ml, we use Boyle's Law to calculate the new pressure:
P1 * V1 = P2 * V2
P1 is the initial pressure, V1 is the initial volume, P2 is the final pressure, and V2 is the final volume. At STP, P1 is 1 atm and V1 is 50.0 ml. The final volume V2 is 120ml. The new pressure P2 can be calculated as follows:
P2 = (P1 * V1) / V2
= (1 atm * 50.0 ml) / 120 ml
= 50.0 atm·ml / 120 ml
= 0.417 atm
Therefore, the new pressure of the gas when the volume increases to 120ml is approximately 0.417 atm.
I am studying for ACS and have trouble understanding how to rank molecules in decreasing or increasing solubility in water...
I know the rules of which molecules are insoluable...But how do you rank them in which is least or most soluble.
The question in the acs included
In which set are the substances arranged in order of decreasing solubility in water?
(A) Al(OH)3 > Mg(OH)2 > NaOH
(B) BaSO4 > CaSO4 > MgSO4
(C) CaCO3 > NaHCO3 > Na2CO3
(D) AgCl > AgBr > AgI
What is the [H+] of a solution with a pH of 6.6? Use a scientific calculator.
2.5 × 107
5.0 × 105
8.3 × 106
7.7 × 105
Considering the definition of pH, the concentration [H⁺] is 2.5 ×10⁻⁷ M.
Definition of pHpH is the Hydrogen Potential. It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
Mathematically, pH is calculated as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions:
pH= - log [H⁺]
The numerical scale that measures the pH of substances includes the numbers from 0 to 14. The pH value 7 corresponds to neutral substances. Acidic substances are those with a pH lower than 7, while basic substances have a pH higher than 7.
Concentration [H⁺] of the solutionIn this case, being pH= 6.6, you can replace this value in the definition of pH:
6.6 = -log [H⁺]
Solving:
[H⁺]= 10⁻⁶ ⁶ M
[H⁺]= 2.5 ×10⁻⁷ M
Finally, the concentration [H⁺] is 2.5 ×10⁻⁷ M.
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What is the ph of a buffer that is 0.6 m hf and 0.2 m naf ? the k a of hf is 6.8 × 10 −4 ?
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log(c(NaF)/c(HF)).
pH = -log(6,8·10⁻⁴) + log (0,2 M/0,6 M).
pH = 3,17 - 0,48.
pH = 2,69.
Answer:
pH of buffer is 2.69
Explanation:
According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a buffer consists of an weak acid (HF) and it's conjugate base ([tex]F^{-}[/tex])-
[tex]pH=pK_{a}(HF)+log(\frac{C_{F^{-}}}{C_{HF}})[/tex]
Where C stands for concentration
[tex]pK_{a}=-log(K_{a})[/tex]
[tex]C_{F^{-}}[/tex] in 0.2 m NaF is 0.2 m
[tex]C_{HF}=0.6m[/tex]
So, [tex]pH=-log(6.8\times 10^{-4})+log(\frac{0.2}{0.6})=2.69[/tex]
How many grams of sodium chloride are present in a 0.75 M solution with a volume of 500.0 milliliters? 0.38 grams 22 grams 0.75 grams 44 grams
Sucrose is another name for table sugar. Sucrose is a compound made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which statement best describes the properties of sucrose?
Sucrose is a disaccharide compound of glucose and fructose and forms a homogeneous solution when dissolved in water. The physical and chemical properties of sucrose are quite different from its constituent elements in their individual states.
Explanation:Sucrose, also known as table sugar, is a compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Structurally, it's a disaccharide, meaning it consists of two sugar units; in this case glucose and fructose. Sucrose has covalent bonds and is a crystalline solid at room temperature. When dissolved in water, it forms a homogeneous solution where its molecules are uniformly distributed among the water molecules. These are some of the key properties of sucrose.
It's important to note that the properties of the sucrose molecule vastly differ from the properties of its constituent elements when in their free, or uncombined, state. Carbon, for instance, is a black solid and hydrogen and oxygen are colorless gases when uncombined, but when they chemically combine, they form the white, crystalline solid that is sucrose.
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What was the total demand by all counties for water from the Sweetbriar River Basin in 1970? What is it projected to be in 2020?
How many grams of water are needed to react with 15.0 grams of li2o? given: li2o+h2o→2lioh?
Answer:
9.04 g of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] are needed to react
Explanation:
According to balanced equation, 1 mol of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] reacts with 1 mol of [tex]Li_{2}O[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]Li_{2}O[/tex] = 29.9 g/mol
Number of moles = (mass)/(molar mass)
So, 15.0 g of [tex]Li_{2}O[/tex] = [tex]\frac{15.0}{29.9}[/tex] moles of [tex]Li_{2}O[/tex]
So, moles of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] are needed to react = [tex]\frac{15.0}{29.9}[/tex] moles
Molar mass of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] = 18.02 g/mol
So, mass of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] are needed to react = [tex]\frac{15.0}{29.9}\times 18.02g=9.04g[/tex]
What is the mass, in grams, of 7.20×1020 molecules of caffeine, c8h10n4o2?
Answer: 0.23 grams
Explanation:
According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance weighs equal to its molecular mass and contains avogadro's number [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] of particles.
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given molecules}}{\text{Avogadro's number}}=\frac{7.20\times 10^{20}}{6.023\times 10^{23}}=1.2\times 10^{-3}moles[/tex]
1 mole of caffeine [tex](C_8H_{10}N_4O_2)[/tex] weighs = 194 g
[tex]1.2\times 10^{-3}[/tex] moles of [tex](C_8H_{10}N_4O_2)[/tex] weigh = [tex]\frac{194}{1}\times 1.2\times 10^{-3}=0.23g[/tex]
Thus mass of caffeine [tex](C_8H_{10}N_4O_2)[/tex] is 0.23 grams.
Which changes are evidence of a chemical reaction? a beaker of water becomes hot to the touch upon?
Nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form two compounds. compound a contains 2.8 g of nitrogen for each 1.6 g of oxygen. compound b contains 5.6 g of nitrogen for each 9.6 g of oxygen. what is the lowest whole-number mass ratio of nitrogen that combines with a given mass of oxygen?
Describe how to make 1.50 liters of a 0.01 M ammonium chloride solution
How many times greater is the rate of effusion of molecular fluorine than that of molecular bromine at the same temperature and pressure?
Answer: The rate of diffusion of fluorine is 2.05 times to that of bromine.
Explanation:
To calculate the rate of effusion of gas, we use Graham's Law.
This law states that the rate of effusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. The equation given by this law follows:
[tex]\text{Rate of diffusion}\propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{Molar mass of the gas}}}[/tex]
Molar mass of bromine = 160 g/mol
Molar mass of fluorine = 38 g/mol
For the rate of effusion of bromine to fluorine we write the expression:
[tex]\frac{Rate_{F_2}}{Rate_{Br_2}}=\sqrt{\frac{M_{Br_2}}{M_{F_2}}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{Rate_{F_2}}{Rate_{Br_2}}=\sqrt{\frac{160}{38}}=2.05[/tex]
Hence, the rate of diffusion of fluorine is 2.05 times to that of bromine.
What is the maximum amount of kcl that can dissolve in 200 g of water? (the solubility of kcl is 34 g / 100 g h 2o at 20°c.) 6800 g 34 g 68 g 17 g?
If the molecular mass of tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid is 98, calculate it's vapour density.
Why is a spectrum for a given element unique for that element?
A. No element has more than two electrons in the first shell.
B. Each element has a unique arrangement of electrons.
C. Atoms of different elements have different masses.
D. Atomic nuclei contain no electrons.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
How many liters of fluorine gas, at 298 K and 0.98 atm, will react with 23.5 grams of potassium metal? Show all of the work used to solve this problem. 2K + F2 2KF
EASY AND IMPORTANT What do you think is the most challenging aspect of using a microscope? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a microscope to look at trace evidence?
The most challenging aspect is focusing the microscope.
Microscopes enables us to view objects that cannot be seen with the human eye alone.
A disadvantage is that not all types of evidence can be clearly seen.
What is a microscope?A microscope is an instrument that is used to view tiny and microscopic objects.
In using a microscope, the most challenging aspect is focusing the microscope.
An advantage of microscopes is that they enable us to view objects that cannot be seen with the human eye alone.
A disadvantage though is that not all evidence can be clearly seen.
In conclusion, a microscope helps one to view trace and tiny objects.
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