A weather balloon is designed to expand to a maximum radius of 21 m at its working altitude, where the air pressure is 0.030 atm and the temperature is 200 K. If the balloon is filled at atmospheric pressure and 323 K, what is its radius at liftoff?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

7.65 m

Explanation:

[tex]P_1[/tex] = Initial pressure = 0.03 atm

[tex]P_2[/tex] = Final pressure = 1 atm

[tex]r_1[/tex] = Inital radius = 21 m

[tex]V_1[/tex] = Intial volume of gas = [tex]\frac{4}{3}\pi r_1^3[/tex]

[tex]V_2[/tex] = Final volume of gas = [tex]\frac{4}{3}\pi r_2^3[/tex]

[tex]T_1[/tex] = Initial temperature = 200 K

[tex]T_2[/tex] = Final temperature = 323 K

From ideal gas law we have

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}\\\Rightarrow \frac{P_1\frac{4}{3}\pi r_1^3}{T_1}=\frac{P_2\frac{4}{3}\pi r_2^3}{T_2}\\\Rightarrow \frac{P_1 r_1^3}{T_1}=\frac{P_2r_2^3}{T_2}\\\Rightarrow r_2=\frac{P_1r_1^3T_2}{T_1P_2}\\\Rightarrow r_2=\left(\frac{0.03\times 21^3\times 323}{200\times 1}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}\\\Rightarrow r_2=7.65\ m[/tex]

The radius at liftoff is 7.65 m

Answer 2
Final answer:

The initial radius of the weather balloon at liftoff can be calculated using the ideal gas law by comparing the conditions at the ground and at the balloon's working altitude.

Explanation:

The subject of this question deals with the physics principle of the behavior of gases, namely the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law links the pressure, temperature and volume of a gas, represented by the equation PV=nRT. Here, 'P' denotes pressure, 'V' is volume, 'n' is the number of moles, 'R' is the universal gas constant, and 'T' is temperature.

In the case of the weather balloon, when it is filled at atmospheric pressure and 323 K on the ground, and then expands to a maximum radius of 21m at a working altitude where the air pressure is 0.030 atm and the temperature is 200K, the principle of the ideal gas law can be applied. Assuming the same quantity of gas (n) we have P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2 where indices 1 and 2 refer to conditions at lift off and at altitude respectively.

We know that the volume of the balloon (V) is related to its radius (r) by the equation for volume of a sphere V=(4/3)*pi*r^3. So we can substitute the volumes in above equation with their expressions in terms of radius and solve for r1 (radius at liftoff).

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Related Questions

Explain how levitt and dubner’s argument effectively uses logical

Answers

Explanation:

Levitt and Dubner’s argument effectively uses logical, concrete evidence to arrive at conclusions about morality and cheating practices.the realities they present about sumo and the bagel business Their utilization of factual evidence in various illustrations shows morality and cheating practices are more common in high incentive situations where telling lies or an act of fooling people was rewarded awesomely. They use statistical evidence and different examples support the fact that Levitt and Dubner have arrived at a generalisation on moral grounds.

Answer:

Levitt and Dubner’s argument uses logic to present evidence to arrive at their final conclusions about morality and human cheating practices. The examples  they used were of Sumo wrestler's in Japan and the bagel business of a self-employed man who provided bagel's and cream cheese to office worker's on the "honor system". Levitt and Dubner used factual evidence as well as some illustrations to present their claims. They concluded that although cheating exists when there is high incentive, most people are  inherently honest when incentives are not a factor.

Explanation:

A baseball is thrown at an angle of 29 relative to the ground at a speed of 24.3 m/s. The ball is caught 51.0463 m from the thrower. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. How long is it in the air? Answer in units of s.

Answers

Answer:

T = 2.4 s

Explanation:

given,

angle at which ball is thrown = 29°

speed relative to ground = 24.3 m/s

ball is caught at a distance = 51.0463

acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²

time for which ball was in the air = ?

now,

velocity of ball in x-direction

V_x =  v cos θ

V_x =  24.3 x cos 29°

V_x = 21.25 m/s

velocity in y direction

V_y =  v sin θ

V_y =  24.3 x sin 29°

V_y = 11.78 m/s

distance on the ground when ball will reach maximum height

x = 51.0463/2 = 25.52 m

at top most point velocity is equal to zero

time for which the ball was in air

v = u + a t

0 = 11.78 - 9.8 t

[tex]t = \dfrac{11.78}{9.8}[/tex]

t = 1.20

this time is taken to travel half distance

total time = 2 x 1.20

T = 2.4 s

time for which ball was in air is T = 2.4 s

The air in this room consists of countless tiny, independent molecules. You can be sure that these air molecules won't all shift spontaneously to the other side of the room (leaving you in a vacuum) because that would
(A) violate Newton's laws of motion.
(B) be extremely unlikely and therefore violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
(C) violate Bernoulli's equation.
(D) not conserve energy and therefore violate the 1st law of thermodynamics.

Answers

Answer:

(B) be extremely unlikely and therefore violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

This process is highly unlikely and if happens would violet the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

The laws of motion do not rule out a move to one side of the room of all the air molecules. But it would be extremely unlikely to happen that. The second law of thermodynamics states that the universe responds to circumstances that become more and more likely, not improbable.

Calculate the wavelengths of the first five members of the lyman series of spectral lines

Answers

Answer:

  λ₂ = 1,219 10⁻⁷ m , λ₃ = 1.028 10⁻⁷ m ,   λ₄ = 0.9741 10⁻⁷ m , λ₅ = 0.9510 10⁻⁷ m and  λ₆ = 0.9395 10⁻⁷ m

Explanation:

To calculate the lines of the hydrogen liman series, we can use the Bohr atom equation

           En = -13.606 / n²       [eV]

n       En

1       -13,606

2       -13.606 / 4 =    -3.4015

3       -13.606 / 9 =    -1.5118

4       -13.606 / 16 =  -0.8504

5       -13.606 / 25 = -0.5442

6       -13.606 / 36 = -0.3779

The lyma series are transitions where the state is fundamental (E1), let's calculate the first five transitions

State

initial final energy

6           1      -0.3779 - (- 13.606) =  13.23 eV

5           1      -0.5442 - (- 13.606) =  13.06 eV

4           1      -0.8504- (-13.606) =   12.76 eV

3            1      -1.5118 - (- 13.606) =   12.09 eV

2            1      -3.4015 - (- 13.606) = 10.20 eV

Let's use the relationship between the speed of light and the wavelength and the frequency

      c = λ  f

      f = c / λ  

Planck's relationship for energy

     E = h f

     E = h c / λ

    λ = hc / E

We calculate for each energy

E = 10.20 eV

      λ  = 6.63 10⁻³⁴ 3 10⁸ / (10.20 1.6 10⁻¹⁹)

      λ  = 12.43 10⁻⁷ / 10.20

      λ₂ = 1,219 10⁻⁷ m

E = 12.09 eV

     λ₃ = 12.43 10⁻⁷ / 12.09

     λ₃ = 1.028 10⁻⁷ m

E = 12.76 eV

      λ₄ = 12.43 10⁻⁷ /12.76

      λ₄ = 0.9741 10⁻⁷ m

E = 13.06 ev

      λ₅=  12.43 10⁻⁷ /13.06

       λ₅ = 0.9510 10⁻⁷ m

E = 13.23 eV

      λ₆ = 12.43 10⁻⁷ / 13.23

      λ₆ = 0.9395 10⁻⁷ m

What is the free-fall acceleration at the surface of the jupiter?

Answers

The free-fall acceleration at the surface of Jupiter is approximately 24.79 m/s², which is more than two and two thirds times the gravitational pull experienced on Earth. A person weighing 150 pounds on Earth would weigh around 400 pounds on Jupiter.

The free-fall acceleration at the surface of Jupiter is approximately 24.79 m/s². This value is derived from using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and considering Jupiter's mass and radius. Jupiter has a mass about 300 times that of Earth and a radius approximately 11 times larger. The gravitational acceleration (g) at a planet's surface is given by the formula:

g = G x (mass of the planet) / (radius of the planet)²,

where G is the gravitational constant. Since the mass of Jupiter is much greater than that of Earth, and despite its larger radius, the acceleration due to gravity would be significantly higher on Jupiter. Therefore, an astronaut entering Jupiter's atmosphere would fall faster compared to falling through the Earth's atmosphere. If an astronaut who weighs 150 pounds on Earth were to stand on a scale on Jupiter, she would weigh approximately 400 pounds, which is more than two and two thirds times her weight on Earth. However, this value may vary slightly depending on whether she is near Jupiter's pole or equator, due to its oblateness.

How much work is done when a vertical force acts on an object moving horizontally

Answers

Answer:

Zero work is done when a vertical force acts on an object moving horizontally

Explanation:

Word is the dot product of force and displacement.

             W = F . s

             W = Fs cosθ

θ is the angle between force and displacement,

We need to find how much work is done when a vertical force acts on an object moving horizontally.

That is angle between force and displacement = 90°

                θ = = 90°

Substituting

              W = Fs cos90 = Fs x 0 = 0

Zero work is done when a vertical force acts on an object moving horizontally    

A model airplane with mass 0.741 kg is tethered to the ground by a wire so that it flies in a horizontal circle 30.5 m in radius. The airplane engine provides a net thrust of 0.804 N perpendicular to the tethering wire.
Find the magnitude of the torque the net thrust produces about the center of the circle.

Answers

Answer:

The magnitude of torque is τ = 24.522 N*m^2

Explanation:

To find the magnitude of the torque can use the equation of the force produce by the airplane so:

τ = F * d

τ = 0.804 N * 30.5 m

τ = 24.522 N*m

Check:

Find the acceleration

I = m*r^2=0.741kg*(30.5m)^2

I = 689.32 kg*m^2

τ = I*a_c

a_c = τ /I = 24.522 N*m^2 / 689.32 kg*m^2

a_c = 0.0355 m/s^2

τ = 0.0355 m/s^2 * 689.32 kg*m^2

τ = 24.522 N*m^2

You are pushing a rock along level ground and making the rock speed up. How does the size of the force you exert on the rock compare with the size of the force the rock exerts on you? The force you exert _______.

Answers

Final answer:

The force you exert on the rock is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force the rock exerts on you, in accordance with Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Explanation:

When you push a rock along level ground and make it speed up, the force you exert compares with the force the rock exerts on you in accordance with Newton's Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, the force you exert on the rock is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force the rock exerts on you.

The concept can be understood by considering various scenarios where different forces are applied to objects of differing masses, resulting in different levels of acceleration. For example, pushing a basketball produces a noticeable acceleration due to the basketball's low mass, whereas pushing a stalled SUV with the same force results in a much smaller acceleration due to the SUV's greater mass.

Friction can also affect how much force is needed to move an object. When pushing a heavy crate, you must overcome static friction, which matches the force you apply up to the point where the crate begins to move. Once in motion, dynamic friction takes over, which is generally lower than static friction, making it easier to keep the object moving.

Demand for a certain product is forecast to be 800 units per month, averaged over all 12 months of the year. The product follows a seasonal pattern, for which the January monthly index is 0.8. What is the seasonally-adjusted sales forecast for January?

Answers

Answer:

Adjusted forecast for January is 640

Explanation:

given,                                                                  

Demand forecast of a certain product = 800 units      

averaged over all months = 12 months                            

January monthly index = 0.8                                              

We have to find seasonally-adjustment sales for January

Adjusted forecast = ( Demand ) x ( monthly index )

                              =   800 x 0.8                              

                              =  640                                  

Adjusted forecast for January is 640

A 0.0500-kg lead bullet of volume 5.00 × 10–6 m3 at 20.0 °C hits a block that is made of an ideal thermal insulator and comes to rest at its center. At that time, the temperature of the bullet is 327 °C.

a. How much heat was needed to raise the bullet to its final temperature?b. What is the volume of the bullet when it comes to rest?
c. What additional heat would be needed to melt the bullet?

Answers

Answer:

1964.8 J

[tex]5.12894\times 10^{-6}\ m^3[/tex]

1150 Joules

Explanation:

m = Mass of bullet = 0.5 kg

[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = Change in temperature = (327-20)

c = Specific heat of lead = 128 J/kg °C

[tex]\beta[/tex] = [tex]84\times 10^{-6}\ /^{\circ}C[/tex]

[tex]L_f[/tex] = Latent heat of fusion of lead = [tex]23000\ J/kg^{\circ}C[/tex]

(Values taken from properties of lead table)

Heat is given by

[tex]Q=mc\Delta T\\\Rightarrow Q=0.05\times 128\times (327-20)\\\Rightarrow Q=1964.8\ J[/tex]

The heat needed to raise the bullet to its final temperature is 1964.8 J

Change in volume is given by

[tex]\Delta V=V_0\beta \Delta T\\\Rightarrow \Delta V=5\times 10^{-6}\times 84\times 10^{-6}\times (327-20)\\\Rightarrow \Delta V=1.2894\times 10^{-7}\ m^3[/tex]

[tex]V=V_0+\Delta V\\\Rightarrow V=5\times 10^{-6}+1.2894\times 10^{-7}\\\Rightarrow V=5.12894\times 10^{-6}\ m^3[/tex]

The volume of the bullet when it comes to rest is [tex]5.12894\times 10^{-6}\ m^3[/tex]

Heat needed for melting

[tex]Q=mL_f\\\Rightarrow Q=0.05\times 23\times 10^3\\\Rightarrow Q=1150\ J[/tex]

The additional heat needed to melt the bullet is 1150 Joules

Final answer:

The calculation involves determining the heat required to increase the bullet's temperature, calculating the change in volume due to thermal expansion, and the additional heat required to melt the bullet, using the specific heat capacity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and latent heat of fusion for lead.

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we will use the specific heat capacity formula and the properties of lead to calculate the heat needed for temperature change and melting.

Heat required to raise the bullet's temperature: The heat (Q) needed can be calculated using the specific heat capacity equation Q = mcΔT, where 'm' is mass, 'c' is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. For lead, the specific heat capacity (c) is approximately 128 J/(kg·°C).

Volume: To find the volume at the final temperature, we use the formula V = V_0(1+ αΔT), where V_0 is the initial volume, α is the coefficient of thermal expansion for lead, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Additional heat to melt the bullet: To calculate the additional heat (Q_m) required to melt the bullet, we use the formula Q_m = mL_f, where 'm' is the mass of the bullet and L_f is the latent heat of fusion for lead.

To calculate these values, we also need the initial temperature (T_i), final temperature (T_f), and coefficient of thermal expansion for lead, which is 29.3 × 10⁻⁶ °C-1. For melting lead, the latent heat of fusion (L_f) is 24.7 kJ/kg.

State in which all electrons are at their lowest possible energy level

Answers

Answer:

Ground state

Explanation:

At ground state all electrons are at the lowest energy level. At this level all the electrons, molecules or ions are said to be ground level. When electron get enough energy to jump they move to higher level. Any level higher than ground level is known as excited level. And energy of electron at excited state is higher than ground state. So the state at which all the electrons at their lowest possible energy level is the ground state.

A roller coaster cart of mass m = 223 kg starts stationary at point A, where h1 = 26.8 m and a while later is at B, were h2 = 14.7 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 . What is the speed of the cart at B, ignoring the effect of friction?

Answers

Answer:

vB = 15.4 m/s

Explanation:

Principle of conservation of energy:

Because there is no friction the mechanical energy is conserve

ΔE = 0

ΔE : mechanical energy change (J)

K : Kinetic energy (J)

U: Potential energy (J)

K = (1/2)mv²

U = m*g*h

Where :

m: mass (kg)

v : speed (m/s)

h : hight (m)

Ef - Ei = 0

(K+U)final - (K+U)initial =0

(K+U)final = (K+U)initial

((1/2)mv²+m*g*h)final = ((1/2)mv²+m*g*h)initial , We divided by m both sides of the equation:

((1/2)vB² + g*hB = (1/2 )vA²+ g*hA

(1/2) (vB)² + (9.8)*(14.7) =  0 + (9.8)(26.8 )

(1/2) (vB)² = (9.8)(26.8 ) - (9.8)*(14.7)

(vB)² = (2)(9.8)(26.8 - 14.7)

(vB)² = 237.16

[tex]v_{B} = \sqrt{237.16}[/tex]

vB = 15.4 m/s : speed of the cart at B

Answer:

the guy above me is correct

Explanation:

A 5.20g bullet moving at 672 m/s strikes a 700g wooden block atrest on a frictionless surface. The bullet emerges, travelingin the same direction with its speed reduced to 428 m/s.
a. What is the resulting speed of the block?
b. What is the speed of the bullet-block center of mass?

Answers

Answer:

a) v=1.81 m/s; B) v=4.95 m/s

Explanation:

using momentum conservation

m1v1+m2v1=m1v2+m2v2

A)

5.2*672+700*0=5.2*428+700v2

The initial velocity of the block is 0, solving for v2

v2=1.81 m/s

B) Now both the bullet and the block travel together

m1v1+m2v1=(m1+m2)v2

5.2*672+700*0=(5.2+700)v

v=4.95 m/s

Final answer:

a. To find the resulting speed of the block after the bullet strikes it, we can use the law of conservation of momentum. b. The speed of the bullet-block center of mass can be found by calculating the weighted average of the speeds of the bullet and block.

Explanation:

a. To find the resulting speed of the block, we can use the law of conservation of momentum. The momentum before the collision is equal to the momentum after the collision.

The initial momentum of the bullet is given by m1 * v1, and the final momentum is given by (m1 + m2) * vf, where m1 is the mass of the bullet, v1 is the initial velocity of the bullet, m2 is the mass of the block, and vf is the final velocity of the bullet and block combined.

Using these values, we can solve for vf and then find the resulting speed of the block.

b. The speed of the bullet-block center of mass can be found by calculating the weighted average of the speeds of the bullet and block. Since the mass of the bullet is much smaller than the mass of the block, the center of mass will be closer to the speed of the block.

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A 0.0026kg0.0026⁢k⁢g block is in a bowl whose lip is 1.0m1.0⁢m above the ground. At the top, the block has a downward velocity and slides, without friction, down the sloped slide. At the bottom, it has a velocity of 6.0m/s6.0⁢m/s. What is the block’s velocity at the top of the bowl?

Answers

Answer:

Vo = 4m/s

Explanation:

By conservation of energy:

[tex]1/2*m*Vf^2-1/2*m*Vo^2-m*g*h=0[/tex]

Solving for the initial speed:

[tex]Vo = \sqrt{2*(Vf^2/2-g*h)}[/tex]

[tex]Vo = \sqrt{2*(6^2/2-10*1)}[/tex]

Vo=4m/s

A body of mass 2.7 kg makes an elastic collision with another body at rest and continues to move in the original direction but with 1/3 of its original speed.
(a) What is the mass of the other body?
(b) What is the speed of the two-body center of mass id the initial speed of the 2.7kg body was 4.0 m/s?

Answers

Answer:

a)

1.35 kg

b)

2.67 ms⁻¹

Explanation:

a)

[tex]m_{1}[/tex] = mass of first body = 2.7 kg

[tex]m_{2}[/tex] = mass of second body = ?

[tex]v_{1i}[/tex] = initial velocity of the first body before collision = [tex]v[/tex]

[tex]v_{2i}[/tex] = initial velocity of the second body before collision = 0 m/s

[tex]v_{1f}[/tex] = final velocity of the first body after collision =

using conservation of momentum equation

[tex]m_{1} v_{1i} + m_{2} v_{2i} = m_{1} v_{1f} + m_{2} v_{2f}\\(2.7) v + m_{2} (0) = (2.7) (\frac{v}{3} ) + m_{2} v_{2f}\\(2.7) (\frac{2v}{3} ) = m_{2} v_{2f}\\v_{2f} = \frac{1.8v}{m_{2}}[/tex]

Using conservation of kinetic energy

[tex]m_{1} v_{1i}^{2}+ m_{2} v_{2i}^{2} = m_{1} v_{1f}^{2} + m_{2} v_{2f}^{2} \\(2.7) v^{2} + m_{2} (0)^{2} = (2.7) (\frac{v}{3} )^{2} + m_{2} (\frac{1.8v}{m_{2}})^{2} \\(2.7) = (0.3) + \frac{3.24}{m_{2}}\\m_{2} = 1.35[/tex]

b)

[tex]m_{1}[/tex] = mass of first body = 2.7 kg

[tex]m_{2}[/tex] = mass of second body = 1.35 kg

[tex]v_{1i}[/tex] = initial velocity of the first body before collision = 4 ms⁻¹

[tex]v_{2i}[/tex] = initial velocity of the second body before collision = 0 m/s

Speed of the center of mass of two-body system is given as

[tex]v_{cm} = \frac{(m_{1} v_{1i} + m_{2} v_{2i})}{(m_{1} + m_{2})}\\v_{cm} = \frac{((2.7) (4) + (1.35) (0))}{(2.7 + 1.35)}\\\\v_{cm} = 2.67[/tex] ms⁻¹

Jason launches a model rocket with a mass of 2.0 kg from his spring-powered rocket launcher with a spring constant of 800 N/m. He pulls it back .55 m. If Jason aims it straight up, what potential energy will the rocket have when it reaches its maximum height? What height will it reach?

Answers

Answer:

121 Joules

6.16717 m

Explanation:

m = Mass of the rocket = 2 kg

k = Spring constant = 800 N/m

x = Compression of spring = 0.55 m

Here, the kinetic energy of the spring and rocket will balance each other

[tex]\frac{1}{2}mu^2=\frac{1}{2}kx^2\\\Rightarrow u=\sqrt{\frac{kx^2}{m}}\\\Rightarrow u=\sqrt{\frac{800\times 0.55^2}{2}}\\\Rightarrow u=11\ m/s[/tex]

The initial velocity of the rocket is 11 m/s = u.

v = Final velocity

s = Displacement

a = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s² = g

[tex]v^2-u^2=2as\\\Rightarrow s=\frac{v^2-u^2}{2a}\\\Rightarrow s=\frac{0^2-11^2}{2\times -9.81}\\\Rightarrow s=6.16717\ m[/tex]

The maximum height of the rocket will be 6.16717 m

Potential energy is given by

[tex]P=mgh\\\Rightarrow P=2\times 9.81\times \frac{0^2-11^2}{2\times -9.81}\\\Rightarrow P=121\ J[/tex]

The potential energy of the rocket at the maximum height will be 121 Joules

A current I flows down a wire of radius a.
(a) If it is uniformly distributed over the surface, what is the surface current density K?
(b) If it is distributed in such a way that the volume current density is inversely.

Answers

Answer:

(a) [tex]K = \frac{I}{2\pi a}[/tex]

(b) [tex]J = \frac{I}{2\pi as}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) The surface current density of a conductor is the current flowing per unit length of the conductor.

                                   [tex]K = \frac{dI}{dL}[/tex]

Considering a wire, the current is uniformly distributed over the circumferenece of the wire.

                                   [tex]dL = 2\pi r[/tex]

The radius of the wire = a

                                    [tex]dL = 2\pi a[/tex]

The surface current density [tex]K = \frac{I}{2\pi a}[/tex]

(b) The current density is inversely proportional

                                     [tex]J \alpha  s^{-1}[/tex]    

                                     [tex]J = \frac{k}{s}[/tex]           ......(1)

k is the constant of proportionality

                                     [tex]I = \int\limits {J} \, dS[/tex]

                                     [tex]I = J \int\limits \, dS[/tex]     ........(2)

substituting (1) into (2)

                                     [tex]I = \frac{k}{s} \int\limits\, dS[/tex]

                                     [tex]I = k \int\limits^a_0 \frac{1}{s}  {s} \, dS[/tex]

                                     [tex]I = 2\pi k\int\limits\, dS[/tex]

                                     [tex]I = 2\pi ka[/tex]

                                     [tex]k = \frac{I}{2\pi a}[/tex]

substitute [tex]J = \frac{k}{s}[/tex]

                                     [tex]J = \frac{I}{2\pi as}[/tex]

Final answer:

In a wire with current I and radius a, the surface current density K with uniform distribution is I/(2πaL). If volume current density varies inversely with the radius, the current is more dense at the center and less dense towards the surface, described by I/(πa²L).

Explanation:

The subject here relates to the physical properties of the current flowing down a wire with a certain radius. (a) If the current I is uniformly distributed over the surface of the wire with a radius a, then the surface current density K can be given by the total current (I) divided by the surface area of the wire. In this context, the surface area of a cylindrical wire can be calculated by the formula 2π * a * L, where L is the length of the wire. Therefore, the surface current density K is I/(2πaL).

(b) If the current is distributed such that the volume current density J is inversely proportional to the radius, it implies that the current is more dense at the center of the wire and less dense as you approach the surface. The volume current density J can be described by the formula I/(πa²L). This complex distribution would likely require calculus to derive an exact relationship between current density and radius.

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The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Answers

Answer:

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.

Final answer:

The micturition reflex, or the process of urination, can be voluntarily controlled by the external urethral sphincter and the sacral micturition center. The external urethral sphincter is a skeletal muscle that we can consciously control, while the sacral micturition center is a group of neurons that normally act reflexively unless allowed for voluntary control by the brain. As the bladder fills, signals are sent through the sacral pelvic nerves which activate parasympathetic neurons to proceed with urination.

Explanation:

The micturition reflex, which is another term for urination or voiding, can be voluntarily controlled by the external urethral sphincter and the sacral micturition center. The external urethral sphincter is a skeletal muscle that can be consciously controlled to maintain urinary continence, while the sacral micturition center, a group of neurons located in the sacral region of the spinal cord, acts reflexively unless its action is modified by higher brain centers for voluntary urination. In response to a filled bladder, these centers trigger the relaxation of both the internal and external urethral sphincters, the contraction of the detrusor muscle, and inhibit the somatic motor neurons for urination to occur.

Children learn to voluntarily control the urination process as they mature, thereby overriding the micturition reflex and delay voiding, a process known as potty training. Voluntary micturition requires (1) an intact spinal cord and (2) a functional pudendal nerve arising from the sacral micturition center. The sacral pelvic nerves play a crucial role in bladder control. Upon receiving signals of bladder stretch, they activate the parasympathetic neurons to release acetylcholine, which triggers detrusor muscle contraction and bladder emptying.

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The presence of icicles hanging off the eaves of a wood-framed structure is most likely due to: heavy snow followed by a thaw. improper insulation in wall cavities. use of a poor-quality roof sheathing material. lack of proper roof ventilation. failure to install a radiant barrier above the roof insulation.

Answers

Answer:

Lack of proper roof ventilation

Explanation:

The icicles hanging off the eaves of a roof are due to lack of proper roof ventilation. This means after snowfalls the attic of the roof receives warm air which melts the snow above. This is caused because the upper part of roof is above 32⁰C (which melts the snow) and lower part of your roof is at a lower temperature which refreezes the snow dripping down to form icicles.

Suppose you want to operate an ideal refrigerator with a cold temperature of − 15.5 °C , and you would like it to have a coefficient of performance of at least 8.25. What is the maximum hot reservoir temperature for such a refrigerator?

Answers

Answer:

15.65 °C

Explanation:

cold temperature (Tc) = -15.5 degree C = 273.15 - 15.5 = 257.65 kelvin

minimum coefficient of performance (η) = 8.25

find the maximum hot reservoir temperature of such a generator (Th)

η = \frac{Tc}{Th-Tc}

Th = Tc x (\frac{1}{η} + 1)

Th = 257.65 x (\frac{1}{8.25} + 1)

Th = 288.8 K

Th = 288.8 - 273.15 = 15.65 °C

Nevine wants to improve her JavaScript program's efficiency and scalability by defining her own processes, or functions. Why are functions such an integral part of writing JavaScript code?

Answers

Because they perform specific tasks repeatedly throughout your program, as needed

Answer:

Because they perform specific tasks repeatedly throughout your program, as needed

Explanation:

The magnitude of displacements a and b are 3m and 4m, respectively, c=a+b. What is the magnitude of c if the angel between a and b is (a) 0 and (b) is 180?

Answers

Answer:

(a) 7 m

(b) 1  m

Explanation:

Given:

The magnitude of displacement  vector 'a' is 3 m

The magnitude of displacement vector 'b' is 4 m.

The vector 'c' is the vector sum of vectors 'a' and 'b'.

(a)

Now, when the angle between the vectors is 0°, it means that the vectors are in the same direction. When vectors are in the same direction, then their resultant magnitude is simply the sum of their magnitudes.

So, magnitude of 'c' when 'a' and 'b' are in same direction is given as:

[tex]|\overrightarrow c|=|\overrightarrow a|+|\overrightarrow b|\\\\|\overrightarrow c|=3 + 4 = 7\ m[/tex]

Therefore, the magnitude of vector 'c' is 7 m when angle between 'a' and 'b' is 0°.

(b)

When the angle between the vectors is 180°, it means that the vectors are exactly in the opposite direction. When the vectors are in opposite direction, then their resultant magnitude is the subtraction of their magnitudes.

So, magnitude of 'c' when 'a' and 'b' are in opposite direction is:

[tex]|\overrightarrow c|=||\overrightarrow a|-|\overrightarrow b||\\\\|\overrightarrow c|=|3 - 4| = 1\ m[/tex]

Therefore, the magnitude of vector 'c' is 1 m when angle between 'a' and 'b' is 180°.

Does electric charge flow across a circuit or through a circuit? Does voltage flow across a circuit or is it impressed across a circuit?

Answers

Answer:

Flow; Impressed

Explanation:

The electric charge can be think of as the flow rate of electrons in a certain area or point. Voltage is a difference in electrical potential, it makes charges to move in the electrical conductor, therefore it is impressed across a circuit

A cylindrical container holds Fluid X (specific gravity 0.75) and Fluid Y (specific gravity 1.5). The two fluids are immiscible. The gauge pressure at the foot of the column is equal to what it would be if all the fluid in the column were water. Fluid X must therefore account for what fraction of the total fluid in the column?

Answers

Answer: 2/3 of the total volume

Explanation:

See attachment for details

A 1,500 kg truck is towed sideways out of a mud-hole with a force of 15,000 N. How much acceleration is required for the tow truck to move this vehicle?

Answers

Hope it helps bro :)

10 m/sec² acceleration is required for the tow truck to move this vehicle.

What is acceleration?

The rate at which an item changes its velocity is known as acceleration, a vector quantity. If an object's velocity is changing, it is acceleration.

The net acceleration that objects get as a result of the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force is known as the Earth's gravity, or g. It is a vector quantity whose strength or magnitude is determined by the norm and whose direction correlates with a plumb bob.

force = mass*acceleration

acceleration = force/mass

acceleration = 15000/1500

acceleration = 10 m/sec²

10 m/sec² acceleration is required for the tow truck to move this vehicle.

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It's your birthday, and to celebrate you're going to make your first bungee jump. You stand on a bridge 110 m above a raging river and attach a 31-m-long bungee cord to your harness. A bungee cord, for practical purposes, is just a long spring, and this cord has a spring constant of 42 N/m. Assume that your mass is 80 kg. After a long hesitation, you dive off the bridge. How far are you above the water when the cord reaches its maximum elongation?

Answers

Answer:

h=20.66m

Explanation:

First we need the speed when the cord starts stretching:

[tex]V_2^2=V_o^2-2*g*\Delta h[/tex]

[tex]V_2^2=-2*10*(-31)[/tex]

[tex]V_2=24.9m/s[/tex]   This will be our initial speed for a balance of energy.

By conservation of energy:

[tex]m*g*h+1/2*K*(h_o-l_o-h)^2-m*g*(h_o-l_o)-1/2*m*V_2^2=0[/tex]

Where

[tex]h[/tex] is your height at its maximum elongation

[tex]h_o[/tex] is the height of the bridge

[tex]l_o[/tex] is the length of the unstretched bungee cord

[tex]800h+21*(79-h)^2-63200-24800.4=0[/tex]

[tex]21h^2-2518h+43060.6=0[/tex] Solving for h:

[tex]h_1=20.66m[/tex]  and [tex]h_2=99.24m[/tex]  Since 99m is higher than the initial height of 79m, we discard that value.

So, the final height above water is 20.66m

Answer: using the conservation of potential energy stored in spring giving that at maximum amplitude velocity becomes zero.

Mgd= 1/2k(d-l)^2..... equation 1

M= 80kg=mass , g= 10m/s^2 =gravity, d=?=length of fully extended bungee rope, l=31m= length of bungee rope before extension, k=42N/m= spring constant

Simplifying equation above gives

2Mgh/k= d^2 - 2dl + l^2 ....eq 2

Substituting figures into the equ above gives

0 = d^2 - 100.1d +961 ...equ 3

Equ3 can be solved since it is a quadratic equation

d= (-b +or- square root (b^2 - 4ac))/2a ....equa4

Where a=1, b= -100.1, c= 961

Substituting figures into eequa4

d= 89.34m

So therefore the height above the river to me when bungee is fully extended is= 110 - 89.34

= 20.66

Explanation: The bungee cord behaves as an ideal spring once it begins to stretch, with spring constant k.

Assuming that it performs simple harmonic motion.

What would stars be like if hydrogen had the smallest mass per nuclear particle? What would stars be like if hydrogen had the smallest mass per nuclear particle? Stars would be brighter. All stars would be red giants. Nuclear fusion would not occur in stars of any mass.

Answers

Nuclear fusion would not occur in stars of any mass if hydrogen had the smallest mass per nuclear particle.

What is Nuclear fusion?

This is the process in which nuclear reactions between light elements form heavier elements.

Hydrogen won't be able to undergo nuclear fusion in stars of any mass if hydrogen had the smallest mass per nuclear particle due to the sub=atomic particles not being favorable in this condition.

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Which method is not a technique currently used by ocean scientists to map the topography of the ocean floor?

Answers

Answer:

Magnetometer

Explanation:

Magnetometer technique is not using by scientists for studying the ocean floor.The scientists currently is using SONAR ( sound navigation and ragging) technique for studying the ocean floor.SONAR is used sound waves sound waves for studying the ocean floor or we can say that SONAR is based on sound propagation.

Therefore answer is Magnetometer

Sound waves are Sound waves are
(a) transverse waves characterized by the displacement of air molecules.
(b) longitudinal waves characterized by the displacement of air molecules.
(c) longitudinal waves characterized by pressure differences.
(d) Both (b) and (c). (e) (a), (b) and (c).

Answers

Final answer:

Sound waves in air and water are longitudinal waves characterized by pressure differences. Sound in solids can have both longitudinal and transverse components.

Explanation:

Sound waves in air and water are longitudinal waves characterized by pressure differences. When sound waves propagate through a fluid like air or water, the disturbances are periodic variations in pressure, resulting in compressions (high-pressure regions) and rarefactions (low-pressure regions).

Fluids do not have appreciable shear strength, so the sound waves in them must be longitudinal or compressional. On the other hand, sound in solids can have both longitudinal and transverse components. For example, seismic waves generated by earthquakes have both longitudinal (compressional or P-waves) and transverse (shear or S-waves) components.

What principle is responsible for alternating light and dark bands when light passes through two or more narrow slits? What principle is responsible for alternating light and dark bands when light passes through two or more narrow slits? reflection refraction dispersion interference polarization

Answers

The interference principle is responsible for alternating light and dark bands when light passes through two or more narrow slits.

What is Interference?

The phenomenon in which two or more waves combine to generate a new wave with a larger, smaller, or equal amplitude. It depends on the alignment of the peaks and troughs of the overlapping waves.

When two or more waves collide, this is known as interference. They may add up, or they may partially or completely cancel each other,

When two waves with the same frequency. We will see varying intensities of light at different points on the screen owing to their superposition.

Hence interference principle is responsible for alternating light and dark bands when light passes through two or more narrow slits.

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