After the industrial revolution, dark-colored moths outnumbered light-colored moths in certain regions of england. within the past 40 years, factories in these regions have added scrubbers and air purifiers to their smokestacks, and the relative number of light-colored moths has increased. the probable reason for this increase is that

Answers

Answer 1
The reason for the increase is that the light-colored moths are no longer "selected against" by predators. These birds could only see the light ones against a sooted background. After removing the dark soot, these predators could no longer distinguish the light ones from their natural light background. Thus more light-colored moths survived to reproduce, passing on more of their recessive genes for light color to their offspring. After several hundreds of generations, most of the later generations were light, due to selective advantage of camouflage to survive predation.
Answer 2
Final answer:

The increase in light-colored moths is linked to the reduction in industrial pollution. As environmental changes occurred, lighter moths became better camouflaged and their populations increased—a phenomena known as industrial melanism and an example of directional selection.

Explanation:

The increase in light-colored moths can be attributed to a biological process called directional selection, linked to changes in industrial pollution levels. During the Industrial Revolution in England, dark-colored moths—specifically Peppered Moths (Biston betularia)—predominated due to the camouflaging effect of soot-covered landscapes, which offered them protection against predators. Factories discharged soot, which darkened the environment and provided a favorable background for the dark-colored moths, making them less visible to predators.

However, as factories began to incorporate scrubbers and air purifiers, which reduced pollution levels, the color of the environment gradually lightened. This shift, in turn, favored the light-colored moths, which became better camouflaged against the cleaner environment, hence their increase in number. This phenomenon, known as industrial melanism, showcases how environmental factors can direct natural selection.

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Related Questions

According to the world health organization, about how many of the world's people suffer from serious illness caused by poverty?
a. 1 million
b. 10 million
c. 1 billion
d. 10 billion socialogy test

Answers

According to the world health organization about one billion people in the world suffer from serious illness caused by poverty. Illnesses or diseases of poverty are diseases, disabilities and health conditions that are more prevalent among the poor population as compared to the wealthier people. Poverty is considered the major risk factor of such diseases. The contributing factors include; contaminated water, inadequate sanitation, poor nutrition and poverty itself. These diseases include, TB, AIDS, Malaria, Asthma, etc

As shown in Figure 27–3, the ventricle in a single-loop circulatory system is responsible for

A)receiving blood from the body.
B)pumping blood out to the gills.
C)pumping blood out to the body.
D)receiving blood from the gills.

Answers

C)pumping blood out to the body

The circulatory system of the fish is a single-loop. The heart of the fish is two-chambered, consisting of only one ventricle and one atrium. The atrium of the fish collects the blood which has come from around its body, while the ventricle pumps this collected blood to the gills. The blood goes to the gills where it is reoxygenated as the gas-exchange occurs.

Hence, the answer is 'option B - pumping blood out to the gills'.

How does linnaeus's system of classification help establish the unity of life?

Answers

The Linnaeus's system of classification help to establish the unity of life in that; it shows how all organisms have something in common. The system classifies organisms based on overall similarities and differences to one another. Organisms in the same kingdom may have many differences, but they still have common traits with one another. 
Final answer:

The Linnaean system of classification helps establish the unity of life by organizing and categorizing living organisms based on their shared physical traits.

Explanation:

The Linnaean system of classification, developed by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in the 1700s, helps establish the unity of life by organizing and categorizing living organisms based on their shared physical traits. This system groups organisms into hierarchical levels called taxa, starting with the largest and most inclusive group called the kingdom and ending with the most specific group called the species. By organizing organisms in this way, the Linnaean system demonstrates the interconnectedness and evolutionary relationships between different species, highlighting the unity and diversity of life.

Aquatic biomes are characterized by _____.
their location


their depth


amount of rainfall


amount of dissolved oxygen

Answers

Aquatic biomes are characterized by THEIR DEPTH

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

Aquatic Biome is a natural habitat which is characterized on the basis of physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat, its climatic condition, location and form of life existing in it. There are several types of aquatic biome –

a) Freshwater biome – Water that occurs on the surface of earth and has low concentration of salt and other solids

b) Freshwater wetlands – It’s a land saturated with water generally formed by overflowing of water over any land

c) Marine Biome – Deep ocean and seas

d) Coral reef Biome  

e) Estuarine Biome

Hence, option A is correct

A six sided mineral crystal is a very hard mineral called ?

Answers

Final answer:

A six-sided, very hard mineral crystal capable of scratching glass is quartz, with a chemical formula of SiO2, which can appear in different colors due to trace elements.

Explanation:

A six-sided mineral crystal that is very hard and known for scratching glass is quartz. Quartz has a non-metallic luster and a classic six-sided crystal form, making it one of the most recognizable minerals in the Earth's crust. The chemical formula for quartz is SiO₂. This mineral's six-sided crystals and hardness are a result of the specific arrangement of silica (silicon dioxide), which can crystallize into various forms. When silica in a molten state is cooled very slowly, it forms quartz. The structure of quartz crystals makes them both durable and diverse in appearance, with various trace elements causing different colors, such as the purple in amethyst, which is caused by trace amounts of iron.

Final answer:

A six-sided, very hard mineral crystal is likely quartz, known for its durable six-sided crystals and various applications. Quartz becomes various gemstones like amethyst, influenced by trace elements or treatments.

Explanation:

A six-sided mineral crystal that is very hard is most likely quartz. Quartz is one of the most common minerals found in the Earth's crust and is recognizable by its six-sided crystal form. Its chemical formula is SiO₂, and the crystals are known for being hard and durable, making quartz useful for a variety of applications, including architectural decorations and semiprecious jewels. The mineral quartz becomes different gemstones like amethyst or citrine depending on trace impurities such as iron or heat treatments. However, it's worth noting for the sake of accuracy that the description 'very hard mineral called' could also be a reference to diamond, which is the hardest naturally occurring substance.

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier is known as

Answers

For the answer to the question above,
the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier is known as  "Colposcopy".
it is a procedure to examine your cervix closely and uses a special instrument called colposcope
Final answer:

A colposcopy is a medical procedure where healthcare professionals visually inspect the cervix and vagina for signs of disease using a binocular magnifier known as a colposcope.

Explanation:

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier is known as a colposcopy. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to visually inspect these areas for signs of disease. A binocular magnifier, or colposcope, magnifies the image of the cervix and vagina, allowing the healthcare provider to better see changes in tissue that may indicate problems such as inflammation or cancer.

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According to karl menninger, individuals who harm themselves by means of drugs, alcohol, smoking, or reckless driving are effectively dying by

Answers

For the answer to the question above, individuals who harm themselves by means of drugs, alcohol, smoking, or reckless driving are effectively dying by "Chronic Suicidal" according to Karl Menninger

The answer is "Chronic Suicidal"
I hope this helps.

How is ddt spraying for malaria different than spraying for agriculture?

Answers

The spray for malaria is to prevent the spread of the disease. The spray for agriculture is to kill the bugs and pest that would eat the produce.

DDT spraying for malaria is different from spraying for agriculture in terms of the application's frequency, objectives, and potential consequences. While controlling malarial mosquitoes involves spraying DDT on the walls of homes one or two times a year, agricultural use often requires more frequent applications to protect crops from pests. Moreover, the goal of malaria control is to protect human health by preventing disease, whereas in agriculture, the aim is to enhance crop yields and protect economic interests.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was particularly effective in controlling malarial mosquitoes due to its long-lasting nature and resistance to environmental breakdown. The use of DDT in the fight against malaria was to spray the interior walls of homes, effectively preventing mosquito inhabitation and the spread of the disease. The cost-effectiveness of DDT made it popular; however, its environmental persistence posed significant ecological concerns. In the case of agriculture, DDT was applied directly to crops to combat a variety of pests, which often required more regular treatment to maintain effectiveness. This practice led to various problems, including pest resistance, accumulation in the ecosystem, and unintended harm to beneficial insects and wildlife. Consequently, concerns over these drawbacks have drastically reduced the use of DDT in both settings.

Pyruvate must first be converted into ____________ before entering the tca cycle. what is the reaction

Answers

Pyruvate must first be converted to acetyl co-enzyme A before entering the TCA cycle.

        Reaction

The sweat that is secreted onto the surface of the skin during exercise consists of both water and salt. the sweat is hypo-osmotic to body fluids, meaning that

Answers

I think the sweat is hypo-osmotic to body fluids, which means that more water is lost. Sweating involves the production of fluids secreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. Sweat plays an important role in thermoregulation, which is achieved by the water-rich secretion of the eccrine glands. 

Which part of the human body is most similar to stomata in plants?

Answers

 Lungs are the part of the human’s body which have similar functions as stomata in plants.

Humans breathe through the lungs, bringing oxygen to the blood and getting rid of carbon dioxide. The blood transports the breathed-in oxygen through the body, where it is used by the cells, and takes carbon dioxide back to the lungs, where it is breathed out.

Plants, on the other hand, have very small structures (like holes) on the underneath of leaves, called stomata, which let the carbon dioxide and oxygen in and out. Stomata are not just simple holes, they contain guard cells that regulate opening and closing so that the plant does not lose too much water.

A student drew the following flowchart. Crushing Sizing Concentrating Dewatering What is the purpose of the process?

Answers

The purpose of the process is C. Processing minerals

What is a Flowchart?

A diagram that depicts a workflow or process is called a flowchart. Another definition of a flowchart is a diagrammatic description of an algorithm or a step-by-step process for solving a problem.

The flowchart displays the processes as various types of boxes and their sequence by joining the boxes with arrows.

Hence, it can be seen that by showing the processing minerals process which involves crushing, sizing, etc, a flowchart is used.

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A student drew the following flowchart in her notes.

Crushing - Sizing → Concentrating - Dewatering

What does the process show?

A. Crystallizing magma

B. Blending coal

C. Processing minerals

D. Refining crude oil

Physical anthropologist john hawks and colleagues suggest that evolution is speeding up as population size continues to ________ and ________ are introduced.

Answers

Physical anthropologist John Hawks and colleagues suggest that evolution is speeding up as population sizes are being continued to mushroom and new mutations which are endorsed.
Human population increased rapidly. The increase began those days of upper Paleolithic which is documented by archaeological evidence.

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as

Answers

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as ariboflavinosis.
Ariboflavinosis usually occurs in combination with deficiencies of other water-soluble vitamins. Symptoms of this deficiency include a sore throat, redness and swelling of the lining of the mouth and throat, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, inflammation and redness of the tongue (magenta tongue)…
Final answer:

The reference hints at symptoms more likely related to systemic autoimmune diseases, not riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency. Riboflavin deficiency symptoms include sore throat, skin disorders, and anemia among others.

Explanation:

The collective term for the signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency is not mentioned in the reference provided. The reference refers to a broad set of symptoms that are more typical of systemic autoimmune diseases, not specifically riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency. The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are usually more specific and include issues like sore throat, skin disorders, inflammation of the soft tissue lining around the mouth and nose, anemia, fatigue, and slowed growth. If you feel any of these symptoms, however, always consult with a healthcare professional. Self-diagnosing deficiencies can lead to misinterpretation and inappropriate management.

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How does a somatic cell mutation differ from a germ cell mutation?

Answers

Somatic cell mutation only affects the cells that cell gives rise to via mitosis...so a damaged skin cell only gives rise to other damaged skin cells. A mutation in a germ cell, however, is passed on to the progeny. So if the mutation is in the egg or sperm, the offspring will then carry the mutation.
So, only germ cell mutations are inherited.

If two individuals that are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele (aa) mate with one another, what is the chance that their child will have sickle cell anemia ?

Answers

If you draw out the Punnet square you will see that you'd end up with:

25% AA (no disease, no carrier)
50% Aa (no disease, carrier)
25% aa (disease)


which statement correctly describes the relationship between bones and muscles

Answers

Bones serve as the scaffolding for the muscle
Bones are support structures for the human bodies. Muscles are attached to the bones and contract to move them back and forth.

Organisms that can make their own food using chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are called

Answers

They are called autotrophs


organisms that can make their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are called ________

autotrophic

What is the purpose of studying and dissecting an earthworm answers?

Answers

The purpose of studying and dissecting an earthworm is to help us understand other organisms. Earthworms are organisms that are tube-shaped, segmented worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and in the species Lubricous.  Earthworms decompose organic matter, break it into usable nutrients for their local ecosystems and recycle compost. 

Final answer:

Dissecting an earthworm provides valuable insights into its digestive, circulatory, and nervous systems, teaching students about anatomical and physiological variations among organisms, and illustrating the importance of biodiversity.

Explanation:

Dissecting an earthworm offers a hands-on approach to learning about the anatomy and physiology of segmented worms, also known as annelids. Through dissection, students can explore the complex digestive system of an earthworm, which includes a mouth, muscular pharynx, esophagus, crop, and muscular gizzard leading to the intestine. This process not only aids in understanding the earthworm's role in the ecosystem as it breaks down leaf litter but also highlights the structural and functional differences between various organisms. Comparing and contrasting these differences provides a new perspective on life's organization and behavior, illustrating that while all life is fundamentally similar in chemical composition and function, there are significant variations in how life sustains itself.

Additionally, the study of earthworms and other annelids helps students grasp the importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of all organisms within ecosystems. Through the dissection of an earthworm, students learn about its circulatory and nervous systems, gaining insights into the survival strategies of different life forms. This educational exercise fosters a deeper appreciation for the complexity of life and the ingenious adaptations organisms have developed to thrive in their environments.

Use the empirical rule to solve the problem. the systolic blood pressure of 18-year-old women is normally distributed with a mean of 120 mmhg and a standard deviation of 12 mmhg. what percentage of 18-year-old women have a systolic blood pressure between 96 mmhg and 144 mmhg

Answers

Answer:

is the 30 % of the population

Explanation:

If the Standard deviation is 12 mmHg, that mean that 1 SD up and down from the average value will be:

Up: 120 + 12 = 132 mmHg

Down: 120 - 12 = 108 mmHg

If we continue calculating the second standard deviation, will be:

Up: 132 + 12 = 144 mmHg

Down: 108 - 12 = 96 mmHg

This calculation represent that the values are 2 SD apart from the avegare, and if we check the graphic, in a normal distribution, will mean that the percentage of the women in this pressure blood situation will be 30 %, 15 % to the smaller value and 15 % to the bigger value.

Hope this info is useful.

95% of 18-year-old women have a systolic blood pressure between 96 mmHg and 144 mmHg according to the empirical rule for a normal distribution.

What is the percentage within given systolic range?

The empirical rule known as the 68-95-99.7 rule, is a statistical guideline for the percentage of data within a certain number of standard deviations from the mean in a normal distribution.

Given data:

Mean (μ) = 120 mmHg, Standard Deviation (σ) = 12 mmHg.

Calculating z-scores for both lower and upper values of the range:

For 96 mmHg: z = (96 - 120) / 12 = -2

For 144 mmHg: z = (144 - 120) / 12 = 2

Using the empirical rule:

Within 1 standard deviation (μ ± σ) covers approximately 68% of data.Within 2 standard deviations (μ ± 2σ) covers approximately 95% of data.Within 3 standard deviations (μ ± 3σ) covers approximately 99.7% of data.The range of interest (-2σ to 2σ) falls within 2 standard deviations.

Therefore, the percentage of 18-year-old women with systolic blood pressure between 96 mmHg and 144 mmHg is 95%.

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In dna replication which strand grows continuosly toward the

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Replication Fork! Is the answer! Hope this helps!

A condition known as __________ can result when heterozygous individuals exhibit a phenotype intermediate between homozygous individuals, and both alleles are expressed in the offspring.

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A condition known as incomplete dominance can result when heterozygous individuals exhibit a phenotype intermediate between homozygous individuals, and both alleles are expressed in the offspring. It is a form of intermediate inheritance where an allele for a particular trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. This results to a third phenotype which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles. 

If your marine toilet has a "y" valve, what must you do in a no discharge zone?

Answers

You have to safety wire it to the tank or you'll get fined

What you must do in a no discharge zone is to be certain that the "Y" valve is secured in the closed position.  

There are certain rules that guide discharge of sewage and waste while on a vessel. Anyone that uses the boat might want to use the onboard facilities.

Further Explanation

The main concern of your sewage is actually not the urine but the feces, as it contains pathogens, bacteria and nutrients. To ensure proper discharge of sewage on boat, federal regulations were put in place in order to keep untreated sewage out of the coastal and inland waters, so that individuals don’t have to consume it.  

It is illegal for anyone to discharge untreated or treated sewage into waters. All recreational vessels must have a toilet facilities and operable marine sanitation device on board. Also, the device must be sealed to prevent waste discharge into water.

However, there are three types of marine sanitation device. The type I and II MSDs are mostly found on the large vessels and before waste can be discharged, it must be treated with chemicals in order to kill the bacteria.

The type I and II MSDs with "Y" valves used in directing the waste overboard must be properly secured and the valve must be closed.

The Type III MSDs doesn’t provide any treatment; however, collected waste taken should be disposed properly. It can be disposed of pump-out or in a dump station.

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What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated?

Answers

I think inversion is the important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes. Inversion is the deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude. An inversion traps air pollution, such as smog, close to the ground. Temperature inversions affect air pollution because they change the dynamics of air movement.

Martha is taking a test which requires her to solve problems through inductive and deductive reasoning. which part of the brain will she use the most? the occipital lobe the temporal lobe the parietal lobe the frontal lobe

Answers

Frontal lobe

The frontal lobe is the part of the brain where reasoning, designing, involuntary psychological response and other functions are controlled. The front lobe plays an important role by helping one to think about things properly and make decisions on how to use information that is found at some other place in the brain. For the question given above, Martha will use the frontal lobe part of the brain the most.






The bodies of all living things are based on carbon. Which of the following is the primary source of carbon in living things?

Answers

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A 2004 study in the journal nature concluded, "many plant and animal species are unlikely to survive climate change. new analyses suggest that 15-37% of a sample of 1,103 land plants and animals would eventually become extinct as a result of climate changes expected by 2050. for some of these species there will no longer be anywhere suitable to live." what is the best explanation for this conclusion?

Answers

Some land plants and animals will become extinct as a result of climate change because the temperature will change very fast at a rate that they will not be able to adapt. Lack of proper adaptation features to the climate change will make the environment not favorable for the survival of some plants and animals

what is segmented digestive system, appendages

Answers

Segmented digestive system, appendages are animal characteristics
Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or metozoa. Animals have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things. They are all eukaryotic and usually multicellular, which separates them from bacteria and most protists. Different animals differ in their own characteristics such as appendages, segmentation among other animal characteristics. 

Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a submaximal exercise. this is due to

Answers

Endurance training has shown to reduce oxygen deficit in subjects performing submaximal exercise due to increase in the number of mitochondria and capillaries yet does not have any effect on the muscle glycolytic capacity. Hope this is the answer you are looking for.

In biology class, zia had to determine which of two fertilizers was best for growing african violets. she tested not just for type of fertilizer but also for its concentration and frequency of use. zia used

Answers

Zia used hypothetico-deductive reasoning. 

The Hypothetico-Deductive method is a scientific model of reaserch. You make a hypothesis of what the problem is - keep in mind that, according to Einstein's thoughts, these hypothesis cannot be 100% verified, they can only be proven wrong - and once you have that, do deduce what the consequences might be. 
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