Answer:
c) albumin inside
Explanation:
Let us see look closer at each answer and see why it is wrong/correct.
a) Starch cannot be outside the bag because the bag isn't permeable to starch. The starch stays inside
b) There cannot be water inside only because it would mean starch and albumin diffused out and they cannot pass through the bag
c) This is correct. The bag isn't permeable to albumin so it stays inside
d) Albumin cannot be outside the bag because the bag isn't permeable to albumin. The albumin stays inside
e) Starch cannot be outside the bag because the bag isn't permeable to starch. The starch stays inside
After dialysis, albumin - a colloid, will remain inside the dialyzing bag because the dialysis membrane is designed to let only small molecules and ions pass through, not large colloidal particles. Starch, another colloid, will remain inside for the same reason. Water will reach equilibrium, moving in and out of the membrane.
Explanation:The question relates to the process of dialysis, which is used to separate different substances in a mixture based upon their size. An aquatic mixture containing both colloids like starch and albumin and small molecules like NaCl (sodium chloride) and glucose is placed in a dialyzing bag to see where the substances will be after the process is complete. A characteristic of dialysis is that the dialyzing membrane allows small molecules and ions to pass through, while retaining larger colloidal particles.
Referring to the given options, the correct descriptions after dialysis are as follows:
Therefore, the accurate statement concerning the location of the substances post-dialysis is
c) albumin inside
CAM plants function using crassulacean acid metabolism. Like C4 plants, CAM plants provide preparatory step for the Calvin cycle. CAM plants are found in hot, dry environments; to prevent desiccation, they keep their stomata closed during the day. They take in carbon dioxide at night while stomata are open. To increase the concentration of carbon dioxide available to the enzyme rubisco and minimize the degree of photorespiration, the CAM plants carboxylate ________.
Answer: ORGANIC ACIDS
Explanation:
CAM PLANTS CARBOXYLATE ORGANICS ACIDS through the addition of CO2 to PEP Carboxylase( a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme present in the mesophyll cells of the cytoplasm in a green plant) to produce Oxaloacetate (organic compound).
CO2 + PEP ⇒ C4H4O5 (oxaloacetate)
Oxaloacetate is then converted to a similar molecule, Malate (C4H6O5, another form of organic compound) that can be transported in to the bundle-sheath cells. Malate enters the plasmodesmata and releases the CO2. The CO2 then fixed by rubisco and made into sugars via the Calvin cycle.
The crystal structure of an ionic compound depends on the
Answer:
The ion's sizes and their radius ratio.
Explanation:
Ionic compounds take the form of three dimentional arrays by alternating anions and cations in order to minimize the potential energy of the system by maximizing the attractive force between opposite charges.
The resultant geometric structures are known as crystal lattices and their arrangements depend on the ion's sizes and, since they are bound though electrostatic attraction, their radius ratio.
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How many of the following molecules are polar? Brcl3 cs2 sif4 so3
Answer:
BrCl3
Explanation:
BrCl3: This compound has a T- shaped molecular geometry. And the difference in electronegativity is 0.2 to be precise makes is polar covalent compound.
CS2: Carbon sulphide is clearly a non polar compound because of the similar electronegativities of both carbon and sulphur.
SiF4: This molecule has Tetrahedral geometry. So, even though the difference in the electronegativity of Sulphur and Florine is high, the tetrahedral geometry makes it a non polar compound.
SO3: This molecule has trigonal planer geomtry. Hence, again in this molecule the polarity is being equal and opposite is cancelled out.
Answer:
The polarity of the molecule is defined as ability of the molecule to attract water through hydrogen bonding. Polarity of a molecule determines several characteristics of a substance. In the given examples, Bromine trichloride is a polar molecule.
Explanation:
Polarity of the substance or molecule is defined as the ability of a molecule to have electric dipole moment due to distribution of charges. In the given examples:
1. Bromine trichloride has a T-shaped geometry and the difference in electronegativity is 0.2. It has two lone pairs due to which the shape of molecule is bent.
2. Carbon sulphide is a non-polar molecule because of the symmetric shape having no electric dipole moment.
3. The tetrahedral geometry and symmetry of silicon tetrafluoride molecule provides the non-polar characteristic to the molecule. Silicon tetrafluoride have zero net dipole moment.
4. Sulphur trioxide is a non-polar molecule, which have trigonal planar geometry. The polarity of the molecule is cancelled out, which makes it to have zero dipole moment. Thus, it is a non-polar molecule.
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A) Three gases (8.00 g of methane, CH4, 18.0 g of ethane, C2H6, and an unknown amount of propane, C3H8) were added to the same 10.0- L container. At 23.0 C, the total pressure in the container is 4.60atm . Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the container.
Express the pressure values numerically in atmospheres, separated by commas. Enter the partial pressure of methane first, then ethane, then propane.
B) A gaseous mixture of O2 and N2 contains 39.8% nitrogen by mass. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture if the total pressure is 585mmHg ?
Answer:
A. PpCH4 = 1.21 atm, Pp C2H6 = 1.46 atm, Pp C3H6 = 1.93 atm
B. Pp O2 = 352.17 mmHg
Explanation:
A. First step: Get the total mols of mixture to know the mass of propane.
P . V = n . R . T
T° K = T°C + 273 → 23°C + 273 = 296K
4.60 atm . 10L = n . 0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 296K
(4.60 atm . 10L) / (0.082 mol.K/L.atm . 296K) = n
1.89 mol = n
Mass/Molar weight = mol
Mass CH4 = 16 g/m
Mol CH4: 8g / 16g/m = 0.5 mol
Mass C2H6 = 30 g/m
Mol C2H6 = 0.6 mol
Total mols - Mol CH4 - Mol C2H6 = Mol propane
1.89 mols - 0.5 mol - 0.6 mol = 0.79 mol propane
2nd step: We can use the molar fraction with the partial pressure.
Partial pressure gas / Total pressure = mols gas / total moles
Sum of molar fraction = 1
0.5 / 1.89 + 0.6 /1.89 + 0.79/1.89 = 1
Partial pressure CH4 → Pp CH4 /4.60 atm = 0.5 / 1.89
PpCH4 = (0.5 /1.89) . 4.60 atm = 1.21 atm
Partial pressure C2H6 → Pp C2H6 /4.60atm = 0.6 /1.89
Pp C2H6 = (0.6 /1.89) . 4.60atm = 1.46 atm
Partial pressure C3H6 → Pp C3H6 /4.60atm = 0.79/1.89
Pp C3H6 = (0.79/1.89) . 4.60atm = 1.93 atm
B. 39.8% means a percent of the molar fraction, so the fraction is 0.398
N2 mass /total mass = Partial pressure N2/ Total pressure
0.398 . 585 mmHg = Partial pressure N2
232.83 mmHg = Partial pressure N2
Total pressure - Pp N2 = Pp O2
585 mmHg - 232.82 mmHg = 352.17 mmHg
A student listed the characteristics of chemical and nuclear reactions.
Chemical and Nuclear Reactions
A -->Total mass remains unchanged
B --> Small change in mass takes place
Which of these statements best explains the identity of Reaction A?
A. It is a nuclear reaction because the total mass remains the same when there is a change in the number of protons and neutrons.
B. It is a chemical reaction because the total mass remains the same when the nuclei of the atoms reacting split.
C. It is a nuclear reaction because the total mass remains the same when there is a change in the overall energy of the system.
D. It is a chemical reaction because the total mass remains the same when new substances are formed.
Answer:
D. It is a chemical reaction because the total mass remains the same when new substances are formed.
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is represented by a chemical equation which show the reactant and products. Reactants are written on left side of arrow while products are written on right side. The number of atoms are remain same however arrangement of atoms is different on both side.
For example:
6H₂O + 6CO₂ + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
it is known from balanced chemical equation that 6 moles of carbon dioxide react with the six moles of water and created one mole of glucose and six mole of oxygen. The number of atoms are same on both side however arrangement of atoms is different.
While in case of nuclear reaction small change in mass take place.
Answer: D
Explanation: Just took the test
What volume is represented by each small tick
Answer:
there
Explanation:
Tick Volume Definition Tick volume is measuring every trade whether up or down and the volume that accompanies those trades for a given time period. If you are a day trader or a short term swing trader, tick volume analysis will assist you in sizing up the market on an intraday basis.
The volume by each small tick on a burette represents 0.05 mL.
What is a burette?A burette is a long, graduated tube with a stopcock at the bottom. It is used to measure small volumes of liquids, such as in titrations. The graduations on a burette are typically in milliliters (mL), and each small tick represents 0.05 mL.
This means that if you want to dispense 0.1 mL of liquid from a burette, you would need to dispense 2 small ticks.
The volume represented by each small tick may vary depending on the burette. It is always best to check the burette's calibration before using it to ensure that you are dispensing the correct volume of liquid.
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The Lewis structure for CO2 has a central The Lewis structure for C O 2 has a central blank atom attached to blank atoms.
1. atom attached to The Lewis structure for C O 2 has a central blank atom attached to blank atoms. atoms.
2. These atoms are held together by These atoms are held together by blank bonds. bonds.
3. Carbon dioxide has a Carbon dioxide has a blank electron geometry. electron geometry.
4. The carbon atom is The carbon atom is blank hybridized. hybridized.
5. Carbon dioxide has two Carbon dioxide has two blankπ bonds and two blankσ bonds.π bonds and two Carbon dioxide has two blankπ bonds and two blankσ bonds.σ bonds.
Answer:
See the explanation
Explanation:
1) The Lewis structure for [tex]CO_2[/tex] has a central Carbon atom attached to Oxygen atoms.
In the [tex]CO_2[/tex] we will have a structure: O=C=O the central atom "carbon" we will have 2 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds, therefore, we have an Sp hybridization. For O we have 1 pi and 1 sigma bond, therefore, we have an Sp2 hybridization.
2) These atoms are held together by double bonds.
Again in the structure of [tex]CO_2[/tex]: O=C=O we only have double bonds.
3. Carbon dioxide has a Carbon dioxide has a Linear electron geometry.
Due to the double bonds we have to have a linear structure because in this geometry the atoms will be further apart from each other.
4. The carbon atom is Sp hybridized.
We will have for carbon 2 pi bonds, so we will have an Sp hybridization.
5. Carbon dioxide has two Carbon dioxide has two C(p) - O(p) π bonds and two C(sp) - O(Sp2) σ bonds.
(See figures)
Figure 1: Carbon hybridization
Figure 2: Oxygen hybridization
The Lewis structure of CO₂ has a central carbon atom with double bonds to two oxygen atoms, resulting in a linear geometry and sp hybridization. Each double bond contains one pi bond and one sigma bond.
Explanation:The Lewis structure for CO₂ features a central carbon atom attached to two oxygen atoms. These atoms are held together by double bonds. The electron geometry of carbon dioxide is linear, which is determined by the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
The carbon atom in CO₂ is sp hybridized. In a molecule of carbon dioxide, there are two π (pi) bonds and two σ (sigma) bonds. Each double bond consists of one σ bond and one π bond, contributing to the overall structure and stability of the molecule.
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A sample of 97 g of NaCl is dissolved to make 2 L of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?
Molarity = Moles of solute/liters of solution
Hint: You need to calculate the moles from the grams given first
A. 1.66 M
B. 0.83 M
C. 48.5 M
D. 97 M
Answer:
Option B is the right one 0.83M
Explanation:
Molarity = Moles of solute/liters of solution
You should calculate the molar mass of NaCl firstly.
Molar mass NaCl = Molar mass Na + Molar mass Cl
Molar mass NaCl = 23 g/m + 35.45 g/m
Molar mass NaCl = 58.45 g/m
To know the moles we should divide grams / molar mass
97 g/ 58.45 g/m = 1.66 moles
This moles are in 2L of solution.
Molarity = mol/L
1.66 moles/2L = 0.83M
Hydrogen ion secretion leads to bicarbonate ions reabsorption in order to maintain proper blood pH balance. Hydrogen ion secretion leads to bicarbonate ions reabsorption in order to maintain proper blood pH balance.a.Trueb.False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is transported by the blood in the dissolved form. carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme which is a metalloenzyme having zinc at active site converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid which dissolves in the blood.
Thus,
H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g) ⇔ H⁺(aq) + HCO₃²⁻(aq)
The kidneys in the body help to control the acid base balance. The hydrogen ion secretion in the body leads to the generation and reabsorption of the bicarbonate ions to form carbon dioxide in order to nullify the effect of the acid generated and thus the pH of the blood is maintained.
The enthalpy of combustion of ethane gas, C2H6(g), is about -1.5*103 kJ/mol. When ethane reacts with O2(g), the products are carbon dioxide CO2(g) and water H2O(l). How much heat is released during the combustion of ethane gas when 14 mols of O2(g) are consumed. Express your answer in kJ.
Answer:
[tex]6.0\times 10^3 kJ[/tex] heat is released during the combustion of ethane gas when 14 moles of oxygen are consumed.
Explanation:
[tex]C_2H_6(g)+\frac{7}{2}O_2(g)\rightarrow 2CO_2(g)+3H_2O(l),\Delta H_{rxn}=-1.5\times 10^3 kJ/mol[/tex]
According to reaction, when 7/2 moles of oxygen is consumed by 1 mol of ethane [tex]1.5\times 10^3 kJ[/tex] energy is released.
Energy released when 1 mole of oxygen are consumed: [tex]\frac{1.5\times 10^3 kJ\times 2}{7}[/tex]
Then energy released when 14 moles of oxygen are consumed:
[tex]\frac{1.5\times 10^3 kJ\times 2}{7}\times 14=6.0\times 10^3 kJ[/tex]
[tex]6.0\times 10^3 kJ[/tex] heat is released during the combustion of ethane gas when 14 moles of oxygen are consumed.
Answer:
6.0×10^3 KJmol-1
Explanation:
Equation of the reaction
C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) ------> 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
From the balanced reaction equation:
1 mole of ethane reacts with 3.5 moles of oxygen
x moles of ethane will react with 14 moles of oxygen
x= 14/3.5 = 4 moles of ethane
If heat of combustion of ethane= -1.5*103 kJ/mol
Then for 4 moles of ethane= 4× -1.5*103 kJ/mol= 6.0×10^3 KJmol-1
When combining with nonmetallic atoms, metallic atoms generally will(a) lose electrons and form negative ions(b) lose electrons and from positive ions(c) gain electrons and from negative ions(d) gain electrons and form positive ions
Answer:
(b) lose electrons and form positive ions
Explanation:
Ionic bonding:-
This type of bonding is formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one element to another element. In this bonding one element is always a metal and another is a non-metal.
For example, the formation of NaCl
The electronic configuration of sodium with Z = 11 is : 2, 8, 1
The electronic configuration of chlorine with Z = 17 is : 2, 8, 7
Thus, sodium loses one electron and become positively charged and chlorine accepts this electron and become negatively charged and they have both their octets complete and form ionic bond.
Hence, can be seen from the above example, metallic atoms generally lose electrons and form positive ions.
The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called
Answer: Solute or solvent
Explanation: A solute is the substance that dissolves to make a solution. The solvent is the solution that does the dissolving.
Match the vocabulary terms to their definitions.
1. standard metric unit of length
2. a proposed explanation for a scientific problem
3. standard unit of volume
4. the curved top surface of a liquid column
5. a quantity in an experiment that remains unchanged or constant
6. amount of matter in an object
a.mass
b.hypothesis
c.liter
d.control
e.meter
f.meniscus
You may find bellow the association of therms with the definitions.
Explanation:
1. standard metric unit of length - e. meter
2. a proposed explanation for a scientific problem - b. hypothesis
3. standard unit of volume - c. liter
4. the curved top surface of a liquid column - f. meniscus
5. a quantity in an experiment that remains unchanged or constant - d. control
6. amount of matter in an object - a. mass
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For a beaker containing the reaction below that is at equilibrium, using LeChatlier's Principle, predict which way the equilibrium conditions will shift (type in left, right, or no change) if silver chloride was added to a beaker.
AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Explanation:
LeChatlier's principle states that any change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of a reactant applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to tend to counteract the effect of the change.
In our question,[tex]AgCl[/tex] is added.
[tex]AgCl[/tex] is a product.
When product concentration increases,the reaction goes to the left so as to decrease the product concentration.
Adding more silver chloride (AgCl) to the system in equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift to the left, producing more reactants (AgNO3 and NaCl) and reducing the AgCl.
Explanation:According to Le Chatelier's Principle, when a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will adjust itself to counteract the effect of the change. The reaction equation provided is AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq).
If additional silver chloride (AgCl) is added to the beaker, the equilibrium will shift to the left (reactants) to reduce this excess. More reactants AgNO3 and NaCl will be produced, reducing the amount of AgCl. This is because the system strives to maintain equilibrium by utilising the 'extra' AgCl to form more reactants.
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Neptunium-237 undergoes a series of α-particle and β-particle productions to end up as thallium-205. How many α particles and β particles are produced in the complete decay series? α particles β particles?
8 alpha particles
4 beta particles
Explanation:We are given;
Neptunium-237 Thallium-205 Neptunium-237 undergoes beta and alpha decay to form Thallium-205.We are required to determine the number of beta and alpha particles produced to complete the decay series.
We need to know that when a radioisotope emits an alpha particle the mass number reduces by 4 while the atomic number decreases by 2.When a beta particle is emitted the mass number of the radioisotope increases by 1 while the atomic number remains the same.In this case;
Neptunium-237 has an atomic number 93, while,
Thallium-205 has an atomic number 81.
Therefore;
²³⁷₉₃Np → x⁴₂He + y⁰₋₁e + ²⁰⁵₈₁Ti
We can get x and y
237 = 4x + y(0) + 205
237-205 = 4x
4x = 32
x = 8
On the other hand;
93 = 2x + (-y) + 81
but x = 8
93 = 16 -y + 81
y = 4
Therefore, the complete decay equation is;
²³⁷₉₃Np → 8⁴₂He + 4⁰₋₁e + ²⁰⁵₈₁Ti
Thus, Neptunium-237 emits 8 alpha particles and 4 beta particles to become Thallium-205.
Ne, Ar, and Kr have which properties in common? Group of answer choices
They are gases at STP, unreactive, and are generally monatomic.
They are gases at STP, unreactive, and are generally diatomic.
They are gases at STP, reactive, and are generally monatomic.
They are gases at STP, reactive, and are generally diatomic.
Answer:
Ne, Ar, and Kr are gases at STP, unreactive, and are generally monatomic.
Explanation:
they are unreactive and monoatomic and thats why have a very low boiling point.
The correct answer is: They are gases at STP, unreactive, and are generally monatomic.
Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), and Krypton (Kr) are all noble gases, which are elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. The properties of noble gases are well-known and include the following:
1. State at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure): At STP, all noble gases are in the gaseous state. This is because they have relatively low boiling points and exist as gases under normal conditions.
2. Reactivity: Noble gases are known for their lack of reactivity. They have a full valence shell, which means they do not readily form chemical bonds with other elements. This makes them very stable and unreactive under most conditions.
3. Atomicity: Noble gases are generally monatomic, meaning they consist of single atoms rather than molecules made up of two or more atoms. This is due to their stable electron configurations, which do not require sharing or transferring electrons to achieve stability.
Given these properties, the only option that accurately describes Ne, Ar, and Kr is that they are gases at STP, unreactive, and generally monatomic. The other options incorrectly describe either their state at STP, their reactivity, or their atomicity.
Glycerin (C3H8O3) is a nonvolatile liquid. What is the vapor pressure of a solution made by adding 170 g of glycerin to 337 mL of H2O at 40.0°C?
The vapor pressure of pure water at 40.0°C is 55.32 torr and its density is 0.992 g/cm3.
Answer:
mass water = 347 x 0.992 = 344.2 g
moles water = 344.2 g / 18.02 g/mol= 19.1
moles C3H8O3 = 164 g / 92.097 g/mol= 1.78
mole fraction water = 19.1 / 19.1 + 1.78 = 0.915
p = 0.915 x 54.74 = 50.07 torr
Explanation:
An endothermic reaction has An endothermic reaction has a positive ΔH, absorbs heat from the surroundings, and feels cold to the touch. a positive ΔH, absorbs heat from the surroundings, and feels warm to the touch. a positive ΔH, gives off heat to the surroundings, and feels warm to the touch. a negative ΔH, absorbs heat from the surroundings, and feels cold to the touch. a negative ΔH, gives off heat to the surroundings, and feels warm to the touch.
Answer:
An endothermic reaction has a positive ΔH, absorbs heat from the surroundings, and feels cold to the touch.
Explanation:
The enthalpy of reaction, ΔH, is the difference between the enthalpies of the products and the enthalpies of the reactants:
[tex]ΔH = H(products) - H(reactants)[/tex]
The enthalpy of reaction can be positive or negative, depending on the process.
For an endothermic process (heat absorbed by the system from the surroundings), ΔH is positive (that is, ΔH > 0).
For an exothermic process (heat released by the system to the surroundings), ΔH is negative (that is, ΔH < 0).
An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its environment, has a positive ΔH, and feels cold to touch. It occurs when more energy is required to break bonds in reactants than the energy released when new bonds form in products. In contrast, an exothermic reaction releases heat, thus feels warm, and has a negative ΔH.
Explanation:An endothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings, hence it has a positive ΔH (enthalpy change). In simpler words, it requires more energy to break the bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds form in the products. As a result, the reaction feels cold to the touch because heat is being drawn in from the environment. On the other hand, an exothermic reaction gives off heat to the surroundings, has a negative ΔH, and feels warm to the touch as it releases energy.
The enthalpy (ΔH), is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It consists of the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. The sign of ΔH can predict whether a reaction would be exothermic or endothermic.
For instance, the decomposition of dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O4 (g) → 2NO₂ (g)) is an endothermic process, which means the reaction will absorb 57.20 kJ of heat from its surroundings. In contrast, the combustion reaction in an oxyacetylene torch is exothermic and releases energy in the form of heat and light.
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Nylon 6,6 may be formed by means of a condensation polymerization reaction in which hexamethylene diamine [NH2-(CH2)6-NH2] and adipic acid react with one another with the formation of water as a byproduct. What masses of________(a) hexamethylene diamine and(b) adipic acid are necessary to yield 26 kg of completely linear nylon 6,6? This polymerization reaction occurs according to the following equation:
Answer:
Mass of hexamethylenediamine= 13,470.62 g
Mass of adipic acid = 16,940.13 g
Explanation:
Nylon -6,6 is synthesized by poly-condensation of hexamethylenediamine [NH₂-(CH₂)₆-NH₂] and adipic acid (C₆H₁₀O₄).
Both of these are taken in equal equivalents and reacted to form nylon 6,6 and by-product water is also formed.
Molecular mass of hexamethylenediamine [NH₂-(CH₂)₆-NH₂] =116.21 g/mol
Molecular mass of adipic acid (C₆H₁₀O₄) = 146.1412 g/mol
Molecular mass of Nylon 6,6 (C₁₂H₂₀N₂O₂) = 224.3 g/mol
Using unitary method :
Mass of hexamethylenediamine required for 26,000 g of Nylon 6,6 if 116.21 g/mol is required for 224.3 g/mol, is:
= [tex]\frac{26,000 * 116.21}{224.3}[/tex]
= 13,470.62 g
Mass of adipic acid required for 26,000 g of Nylon 6,6 if 146.1412 g/mol is required for 224.3 g/mol, is:
= [tex]\frac{26,000 * 146.1412}{224.3}[/tex]
= 16,940.13 g
Cyanobacteria______.a.can fix nitrogen, thus causing many freshwater ecosystems to be limited by phosphorus availability.b.can mineralize phosphorus from wetland sediments, raising phosphorus levels in inland waters to the point of eutrophication.c.mineralize the phosphates in detergent from an organic corn into an inorganic form that can cause algal blooms and eutrophication.d.consume excess N and P in inland waters and so are essential tools for watershed restoration and management.e.occur when aquatic ecosystems are disrupted by invasive species, and can cause pathogenic infections of native species, further enhancing the invasive nature of introduced exotic invaders.
Answer:
Cyanophtya
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria also known as Cyanophyta are responsible for fixing nitogen and raising phosphorus level through mineralization they are also called blu-green-algae. They commonly obtain their energy from 'oxygenic' photosynthesis.
(a) Name two types of subatomic particles contained in the nucleus of the atom and state the charge associated with each.
(b) Name the subatomic particle found in the region outside the nucleus. What charge is associated with this type of particle?
Answer:
A.) The Proton and the Neutron are the subatomic particles within the nucleus. The Proton has a positive charge, and the Neutron has a neutral charge.
B.) The subatomic particle that is found on the exterior of the atom is the Electron, which has a negative charge.
Explanation:
The atom's nucleus contains protons with a positive charge and neutrons with no charge. The region outside the nucleus, the electron cloud, contains the negatively charged electrons.
Explanation:
The nucleus of an atom contains two types of subatomic particles, protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, represented as +1, while neutrons are neutral and have no charge.
The region outside the nucleus, known as the electron cloud, contains electrons. These subatomic particles carry a negative charge, represented as -1.
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A steel container with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium which was held at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Additional helium was pumped into the container and the piston adjusted so that the gas pressure remained constant. How many grams of helium were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 3.00 L?A) 0.700 gB) 2.00 gC) 1.8 gD) 1.00 gE) 9.7 gF) 5.63 gG) 4.63 g
Answer: D) 1.00 g
Explanation:
According to the Avogadro's law, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at same pressure and temperature. That means,
[tex]V\propto n[/tex]
or,
[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{n_1}{n_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = 2.00 L
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = 3.00 L
[tex]n_1[/tex] = initial moles of gas =[tex]\frac{\text {Given mass of helium}}{\text {molar mass of helium}}=\frac{2.00g}{4g/mol}=0.500mol[/tex]
[tex]n_2[/tex] = final moles of gas = ?
Now we put all the given values in this formula, we get
[tex]\frac{2.00L}{3.00L}=\frac{0.500mol}{n_2}[/tex]
[tex]n_2=0.75mole[/tex]
Mass of helium =[tex]moles\times {\text {molar mass}}=0.75\times 4=3.00g[/tex]
Thus mass of helium added = (3.00-2.00) g = 1.00 g
Bi undergoes four decay reactions: α, β, β, α. Step 1. undergoes α decay to give In the second step, Tl-210 undergoes β decay. What is the product of this step? symbol = mass number = atomic number =
Answer:
Pb-210 that lead-210 is the product of second step.
Explanation:
Alpha decay : When a larger nuclei decays into smaller nuclei by releasing alpha particle. In this process, the mass number and atomic number is reduced by 4 and 2 units respectively.
General representation of alpha decay :
[tex]_Z^A\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{Z-2}^{A-4}Y+_2^4\alpha[/tex]
Beta decay : In this process, a neutron is converted into a proton and an electron. In this decay, the atomic number is increased by 1 unit.
General representation of beta decay :
[tex]_Z^A\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{Z+1}^{A}Y+_{-1}^0e[/tex]
Step 1. Bi undergoes α decay;
[tex]_Z^A\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{81}^{210}Tl+_2^4\alpha[/tex]
81 = Z-2
Z = 83
210 = A - 4
A = 214
[tex]_{83}^{214}\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{81}^{210}Tl+_2^4\alpha[/tex]
Step 2: Tl-210 undergoes β decay:
[tex]_{81}^{210}\textrm{X}\rightarrow _{82}^{210}Pb+_{-1}^0e[/tex]
Pb-210 that lead-210 is the product of second step.
Imagine that one carbon in buckminsterfullerene (C60) is replaced by a silicon atom, yielding SiC59. This molecule can then orient in 60 different ways. What is the entropy of one mole of SiC59 at T = 0 K?
Answer:
The entropy will be 0
Explanation:
Because of the third principle of thermodynamics, the entropy of a pure substance (such as SiC59), with finite density (we have 1 mol in a finite volume), at 0 K is equal to 0.
So, it really dosen't mather the Si atom, if you are analizing it at the absolute zero (0 K).
To practice Problem-Solving Strategy 11.1 Energy efficiency problems. Suppose that you have left a 200-mL cup of coffee sitting until it has cooled to 30∘C , which you find totally unacceptable. Your microwave oven draws 1100 W of electrical power when it is running. If it takes 45 s for this microwave oven to raise the temperature of the coffee to 60∘C , what is the efficiency of heating with this oven?
Answer:
efficiency of heating with this oven is 51 %
Explanation:
to raise the temp of 200 ml of coffee from 30°C to 60°C the energy input to microwave oven is:
1100 J/s x 45 = 49,500 J
AT 100% efficiency
For 1°C the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 ml = 4.2 J
So for 30 C°, 1°C the energy required to raise the temperature of 200 ml =
Q = (4.2) (200)(30) = 25,200 J
efficiency = 25,200/49,500 = 0.51 = 51%
Answer:
51%
Explanation:
To practice Problem-Solving Strategy 11.1 Energy efficiency problems. Suppose that you have left a 200-mL cup of coffee sitting until it has cooled to 30∘C , which you find totally unacceptable. Your microwave oven draws 1100 W of electrical power when it is running. If it takes 45 s for this microwave oven to raise the temperature of the coffee to 60∘C , what is the efficiency of heating with this oven?
Using the formula Q=mCdT
Q=Energy (J)
m=mass
C=specific heat capacity
dT=temperature change
but Q=power xtime
to raise the coffee from 30∘C to 60∘C requires
1100 J/s x 45 = 49,500 J
Energy to raise 200ml coffee to 30∘C is at 4.2j/gC
Q = (4.2)(200)(30) = 25,200 J
Efficiency=output/input
efficiency = 25,200/49,500*100% = 0.51 = 51%
Methane burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water. The chemical formula for this reaction is CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O. What is the product, or what are the products, of this reaction?
a. water and methane
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. oxygen and methane
d. carbon dioxide and methane
Answer: the product of this reaction is option B which is carbondioxide and water.
Explanation:A chemical reaction involves the process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. In the equation above, methane and oxygen gas are the reactants while carbondioxide and water are d products.
Answer:B
Explanation:
co 2 is the same as carbon dioxide and H 20 stand for water.
Liquid hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent in many rocket fuel mixtures, releases oxygen gas on decomposition.
2 H2O2(l) 2 H2O(l) + O2(g) Hrxn = -196.1 kJ
How much heat is released when 765 kg H2O2 decomposes?
Answer:
4.3 x 10⁶ kJ are released
Explanation:
From the balanced chemical equation we know that when 2 moles of hydrogen peroxide decompose, 191 kJ of heat are released. So what we need to calculate is the number of moles the 765 kg of H2O2 represent and calculate the heat released.
Molar Mass H2O2 = 34.01 g/mol
Mass H2O2 = 765 Kg x 1000 g/Kg = 765000 g
moles H2O2 = 1 Mol / 34.01 g x 765000 grams = 22.5 Mol
(-196.1 kJ/ 2 mol H2O2 ) x 22.5 mol H2O2 = -4.3 x 10⁶ kJ
Acidic solution In acidic solution, the iodate ion can be used to react with a number of metal ions. One such reaction is IO3−(aq)+Sn2+(aq)→I−(aq)+Sn4+(aq) Since this reaction takes place in acidic solution, H2O(l) and H+(aq) will be involved in the reaction. Places for these species are indicated by the blanks in the following restatement of the equation: IO3−(aq)+Sn2+(aq)+ −−−→I−(aq)+Sn4+(aq)+ −−−
Answer:
[tex]\large \text{IO$_{3}$$^{-}$(aq) + 3Sn$^{2+}$(aq) + 6H$^{+}$(aq) $\longrightarrow \,$ I$^{-}$(aq) + 3Sn$^{4+}$(aq) + 3H$_{2}$O(l)}[/tex]
Explanation:
IO₃⁻ + Sn²⁺ ⟶ I⁻ + Sn⁴⁺
1: Separate the equation into two half-reactions.
IO₃⁻ ⟶ I⁻
Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺
2: Balance all atoms other than H and O.
Done
3: Balance O.
IO₃⁻ ⟶ I⁻ + 3H₂O
Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺
4: Balance H
IO₃⁻ + 6H ⟶ I⁻ + 3H₂O
Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺
5: Balance charge.
IO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ I⁻ + 3H₂O
Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺ + 2e⁻
6: Equalize electrons transferred.
1 × [IO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ I⁻ + 3H₂O]
3 × [Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺ + 2e⁻]
7: Add the two half-reactions.
1 × [IO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ + 6e⁻ ⟶ I⁻ + 3H₂O]
3 × [Sn²⁺ ⟶ Sn⁴⁺ + 2e⁻]
IO₃⁻ + 3Sn²⁺ + 6H⁺ ⟶ I⁻ + 3Sn⁴⁺ + 3H₂O
8: Check mass balance.
On the left: 1 I, 3 O, 3 Sn, 6 H
On the right: 1 I, 3 O, 3 Sn, 6 H
Step 9: Check charge balance.
On the left: 1- + 12+ = 11+
On the right: 1- + 12+ = 11+
The equation is balanced.
[tex]\text{The balanced equation is }\\\large \textbf{IO$_{3}$$^{-}$(aq) + 3Sn$^{2+}$(aq) + 6H$^{+}$(aq) $\longrightarrow \,$ I$^{-}$(aq) + 3Sn$^{4+}$(aq) + 3H$_{2}$O(l)}[/tex]
The reaction in an acid solution involves IO3−(aq) reacting with Sn2+(aq) to form I−(aq) and Sn4+(aq). The complete balanced redox reaction is 2IO3−(aq) + 10H+(aq)+ 6Sn2+(aq) → I−(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 6Sn4+(aq). It is a redox reaction where iodate ions act as strong oxidizing agents.
Explanation:The reaction under consideration involves the iodate ion (IO3−) reacting with a tin(II) ion (Sn2+) to create iodide (I−) and a tin(IV) ion (Sn4+) in an acidic solution. In an acid solution, water (H2O) and hydrogen ions (H+) play crucial roles, hence they have places in the reaction. The complete balanced redox reaction is:
2IO3−(aq) + 10H+(aq)+ 6Sn2+(aq) → I−(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 6Sn4+(aq)
. To balance this reaction, we consider the change in oxidation state, the law of conservation of charge, and the law of conservation of mass. This reaction is a prominent example of a redox reaction where iodate ions act as strong oxidizing agents, oxidizing Sn2+ to Sn4+.
Learn more about Redox reactions in acidic solutions here:https://brainly.com/question/30762077
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Bromine (Br2) is produced by reacting HBr with O2, with water as a byproduct. The O2 is part of an air (21 mol % O2, 79 mol % N2) feed stream that is flowing sufficiently fast to provide 25% excess oxygen ("excess" has a precise meaning in process analysis: in this case there is 25% more oxygen than the amount needed to completely react with the limiting reactant). The fractional conversion of HBr is 78%.
a) Show the degree of freedom analysis. Be as specific as possible about labeling the unknowns and completely write out all of the independent equations.
b) Calculate the composition (mole fractions) of the product stream.
Answer:
The mole fractions:
[tex]x_{HBr}=\frac{100mol}{318.5}=0.314[/tex]
[tex]x_{Br_2}=\frac{78mol}{318.5}=0.245[/tex]
[tex]x_{H_2O}=\frac{78mol}{318.5}=0.245[/tex]
[tex]x_{O_2}=\frac{62.5mol}{318.5}=0.196[/tex]
Explanation:
The reaction described is:
[tex]2 HBr (g) + 1/2 O_2 (g) \longrightarrow Br_2 (g) + H_2O (g)[/tex]
The limiting reactant is the HBr (oxygen is in excess).
a) The mass (in moles) balance for this sistem:
[tex]n_{Br_2}=\frac{ 1 mol Br_2}{1 mol HBr} *n_{HBr}*0.78[/tex]
(the 0.78 is because of the fractional conversion)
[tex]n_{O_2}=\frac{ 0.5 mol O_2}{1 mol HBr} *n_{HBr}*1.25[/tex]
(the 1.25 is because of the oxygen excess)
[tex]n_{H_2O}=\frac{ 1 mol H_2O}{1 mol Br_2} *n_{Br_2}[/tex]
There is only one degree of freedom in this sistem, you can either deffine the moles of HBr you have or the moles of Br2 you want to produce. The other variables are all linked by the equations above.
b) Base of calculation 100 mol of HBr:
[tex]nn_{HBr}=100 mol HBr[/tex]
[tex]n_{Br_2}=\frac{ 1 mol Br_2}{1 mol HBr} *100mol HBr*0.78[/tex]
[tex]n_{Br_2}=78 mol Br2[/tex]
[tex]n_{O_2}=\frac{ 0.5 mol O_2}{1 mol HBr} *100 mol HBr*1.25[/tex]
[tex]n_{O_2}=62.5 mol O_2[/tex]
[tex]n_{H_2O}=n_{Br_2}= 78 mol[/tex]
[tex]n_{total}=(78+78+100+62.5)mol= 318.5mol[/tex]
The mole fractions:
[tex]x_{HBr}=\frac{100mol}{318.5}=0.314[/tex]
[tex]x_{Br_2}=\frac{78mol}{318.5}=0.245[/tex]
[tex]x_{H_2O}=\frac{78mol}{318.5}=0.245[/tex]
[tex]x_{O_2}=\frac{62.5mol}{318.5}=0.196[/tex]
Within the parietal cells of the stomach, CO2 and H2O are combined by ___________ to produce H2CO3, which quickly dissociates into H+ and HCO3-. H+ ions are pumped into the lumen of the stomach via a _____________, while HCO3- is pumped into the blood in exchange for Cl-, which ultimately enters into the lumen of the stomach as well.
Answer:
Carbonic anhydrase, H+K+ATPase
Explanation:
Within the parietal cells of the stomach CO2 and H2O are combined by carbonic anhydrase to produce H2CO3,which quickly dissociates into H+ and HCO3- .H+ ions are pumped into the lumen of stomach via a H+K+ATPase,while HCO3- is pumped into the blood in exchange for Cl- ,which ultimately enters the lumen of the stomach as well.