An island arc forms where ____.​

​oceanic crust collides with continental crust
oceanic crust diverges from continental crust​
continental crust collides with continental crust​
continental crust diverges from continental crust​
oceanic crust collides with oceanic crust​

Answer Explanation:

An attack which is due to toxic gasses or chemicals on any place is called chemical attacks. Chemical attacks have genetic and mental effects. it is difficult to accomplish large scaled chemicals attacks. these difficulties are.

I am looking at the summit of Mt. Everest.  Its elevation is 8,848 meters above sea level.  I am cold, and having trouble breathing.

Answer:

D. river current exceeds the oceanic current

Explanation:

The bird's foot delta type of deltas occur at places where the river current exceeds the oceanic current. This is the case with the Mississippi River and its delta. The current of the Mississippi River exceeds the currents from the Gulf of Mexico which are very weak. Because the currents of the Gulf of Mexico are very weak, the river is depositing lot of sediments at its final part. The accumulation of this sediment results in splitting up of the river in a triangular manner at its delta, giving it an appearance of the bird's foot, thus the name bird's foot delta.

A "bird's foot" delta configuration develops when the river current surpasses the oceanic current (option D). This is caused by the river's high silt content discharging into oceans with minimal currents and wave action, resulting in delta formations.

A "bird's foot" delta configuration, such as the one displayed by the Mississippi River delta, forms when the river current exceeds the oceanic current, option D. This happens because as a river reaches the ocean or a large lake, the water typically slows dramatically causing any silt in the river water to settle. Rivers with high silt content that discharge into oceans with minimal currents and wave action can build deltas. Deltas are low-elevation areas of sand and mud, formed as the silt settles onto the ocean bottom. Conversely, rivers with low silt content or in areas where ocean currents or wave action is high create estuarine areas, where fresh and salt water mix.

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Answer:

Japan and the Korean Peninsula

Explanation:

The desertification is a process that has become a very big concern in numerous places around the world. With the climate becoming warmer, and with the destruction of the vegetation, this process has become a major environmental concern. Some places though do not have any problem with desertification, like Japan and the Korean Peninsula. In fact, it would be pretty hard to make these two places deserts even if the humans wanted too, and the main reason is that they are under heavy influence of the sea, so they get solid amounts of rainfall and snowfall throughout the year.

Answer:

a. Its consideration of environment impact (such as accommodation for fish) became a model for future dam projects on western rivers

Explanation:

The Columbia River project was a project of great significance for the whole region, especially for the state of Washington. This project had many positive impacts such as production of electricity, irrigation for more than half of the farmlands, development of the area, opening up new jobs. One very big problem though was the impact on the species of fish in the river. As most of them are migratory species, with the building of the dam they were stopped in their movement, thus they became restricted to the upper part of the river. Also, the water and composition of the water changed, and all of these things contributed to significant reduction of the populations of the native species of fish.

Answer:

Due to fluid flowing down to the fracture

Explanation:

Many scientist and policy maker discovered that depth-volume joint impacts are critical, and the amount of INJECTED MATERIAL  becomes more important  at point where surface of  sedimentary rocks contact crystalline strata rocks and it is capable to cause earthquakes — The main reason behind this massive earthquake is the percolation through deep well which allow easy access to liquid to flow down to fracture that are more susceptible to earthquake.

Answer: A mafic lava cooling at earth's surface

Explanation: Basalt is the mafic igneous rock formed by the cooling of the magnesium rich and iron rich lava exposed area rapidly.It is mostly  crushed for the purpose of using in construction projects. So,when mafic lava cools down on the surface of the Earth it forms basalt or basaltic lava . It is usually found in the form of columns on the Earth's surface.

Answer:

d. Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that contain fossils.

Q1. igneous

The rocks that form from solidifying magma and lava are the igneous rocks. These rocks are the ones that form first, and later, over the course of millions of years, they gradually transform into metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The igneous rocks are the hardest rocks, and the formation is closely associated with the intense geological activities, especially the volcanic activities. The igneous rocks that form inside the ground are called intrusive igneous rocks, while the ones that form on the surface are called extrusive igneous rocks.

Q2. the release of seismic energy

The earthquakes are natural occurrences that happens on places where there is internal adjustments in the crust. As the tectonic plates move, they cause lot of pressure on each other, and as they do, the rocks inside the ground break under the immense pressure. As the rocks break, they make gaps inside the crust, which in turn causes the rocks above the gap to fall and fill in the gap. As the rocks adjust themselves, lot of seismic energy is released, and this energy is manifested through very strong vibrations, that tend to move more vertically inside the crust, and horizontally on the surface.

Q3. the uplift of crustal blocks by tectonic forces

The Earth has numerous tectonic plates, and they are not static, but instead are constantly moving and create lot of pressure and energy on each other. This movement is triggered by the convection currents from the mantle layer. One of the products of this constant pressure and energy is the uplifting of crustal blocks. This happens on places where two tectonic plates are colliding or there is a subduction zone. Because of the pressure from bellow, the crustal blocks are pushed upward, resulting in the formations of hills, plateaus, mountains, as well as valleys in between them.

Q4. conical shape

The stratovolcanoes are volcanoes that are characterized by their conical shape. They have steep sides at the upper half, and gentle sloped sides at the lower half, and are the dominant landfrom in the area where they are located, usually sticking out significantly from everything surrounding them. These volcanoes are considered to be the most dangerous, as they have very explosive eruptions, so there's lot of toxins and pyrocalstic material all over the area when they erupt.

Q5. solid core, liquid core, mantle, crust

The Earth is not uniform in its composition, but instead it has several layers. The layers are in order from the center toward the surface in accordance of their composition. In general, we can say that the heaviest elements have sunk toward the center, while the lighter ones have been pushed toward the surface. The deepest layer, thus in the center, is the solid core, made out of metals. Second comes the liquid core, made out of molten metals. Third is the mantle layer, being composed of molten minerals, rocks, as well as having lot of gasses. On the top is the crust, being the thinnest, coolest layer, made out of the lightest elements.

Q6. endogenic (generated from inside) processes

The uplift of mountains happens as a result of the tectonic processes. As the tectonic plates move, some of them move toward each other, creating either a boundary where they collide, or a subduction zone. Both of these types of boundaries cause lot of pressure on the crust, and they push it upward. As the crust is gradually pushed upward, the area starts to gain on elevation, forming mountain ranges over the course of millions of years.

Answer: Aluminum, sodium, and potassium

Explanation: The igneous rocks that contains high quantity of silica having the inclusion of low weight elements like aluminium, potassium and sodium are known as felsic minerals.They also show the buoyancy effect because of the presence of the lighter weighing elements present in them. The also show the feature of rapid cooling to form the crystal form. Thus the correct option is aluminum, sodium and potassium.

Answer:

d) nationalism/race or ethnicity

Explanation:

World War One was primarily about, nationalism , while World War two largely concerned race or ethnicity.

D. synonymous with "craton"

Answer:

the answer is D. synonymous with “craton”

Answer: seafloor spreading and subduction magmatism

Explanation: Continental crust are termed as the crust destroyed by plate tectonic process mostly.Continental crust usually lies above sea level and because of this existence of land life to evolve from marine life possible.

Seafloor spreading is a type of process in which tectonic plate of Earth's lithosphere separate from one another.  Subduction is also a process related with continental crust that occurs when tectonic plates collide with each other rather than getting apart.

Answer:

1)  d. oxygen

2) d. deforestation

3) a. nuclear power

4) a. paleoclimatology

Explanation:

1)  d. oxygen

option d is correct because above three options are green house gas.

2) d. deforestation

deforestation does not fit the pattern because deforestation  is the phenomenon which is caused by human but rest option are natural.

3) a. nuclear power

rest options are natural resources coal, petroleum and natural gas are extracted from nature.

4) a. paleoclimatology

paleoclimatology is the study of change of climate where as rest options are effect of climate change.

Answer:

As given in the problem statement,I reckon oxygen is not in the pattern as it is not a green house gas.

volcanic activity is not fit for the words as all other words are related to the solar but this is related to the environment.

nuclear power is not fit for the words as all other words related to the environment.

Answer:

[tex] r^\frac{1}{2}[/tex]

Explanation:

Angular momentum, L = m v r

areal velocity = [tex]\frac{dA}{dt}[/tex]

according to kepler's 2nd law

[tex]\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{L}{2m}[/tex]

since, we know that

[tex]v=\sqrt{\frac{Gm}{r} }[/tex]

areal velocity= [tex]\frac{mvr}{2m} = \frac{vr}{2}[/tex]

now substituting value of v in areal velocity we get

[tex]\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{GMr}[/tex]

hence from above equation of rate of change of area swept i.e. areal velocity is proportional to   [tex] r^\frac{1}{2}[/tex]

If there is a sudden change in the thermocline and thermohaline circulations in the ocean waters, the organisms that live in the ocean waters would suffer badly, and there's a even a high chance of a mass extinction occurring. The reason for such a devastating effect will be that the water temperature will change, the salinity levels will change, and the amount of nutrients and at which depth they will be will change. Since every living organism is adapted to be able to survive in a particular environment, sudden changes in it will put the organisms in a situation where they are not suited to survive in such conditions, so t=they will most probably die out.

Answer: Unconformity is the procedure between two rocks having a contact. It is usually observed that upper unit of rock is younger in nature compared to the lower unit of rock.

Explanation: There are different types of unconformities such as:

Answer:

Three diffferent type of unconformity are

Disconfirmity, Nonconformity, Angular conformity

Explanation:

The point of conjoin between two rock is known as unconformity.  The unconformity in above rock is much younger than lower rock.

The three different types of unconformity are:-

Disconfirmity: In this,  the layers are parallel on both sides

Nonconformity: In this,  the igneous rocks are attached with sedimentary rocks

Angular conformity: In this,  the tilted rocks are mostly lying  below the flat  rocks

Explanation:  John Locke (1632-1704), was an English philosopher and political theorist. He is considered to be the founder of the British Empiricism, and his idea of ​​overseeing and controlling the liberal government by the citizens they have chosen is also known. Locke's empiricism is the theory by which every knowledge is the result of experience, so that when someone is born his knowledge is a blank board as Locke argued. So there is no innate knowledge, every knowledge is acquired by experience, and experience is sensation and reflection. The human mind gathers information based on experience, and it creates ideas that then compares, analyzes and combines. Thus combined ideas create a certain kind of relationship between them in the human mind, which is knowledge.

Final answer:

John Locke is an empiricist because he believes that all knowledge comes from sensory experience. According to Locke, our ideas originate from the experiences we gather through sensation and reflection, and we are born with minds like a blank slate, or tabula rasa, without any innate knowledge. This perspective counteracts the notion of inherent ideas or concepts being present at birth, positing that our understanding and ideas develop as we interact with the world.

Explanation:

Locke's empiricism is detailed in his work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, where he describes the mind at birth as a tabula rasa. This blank slate is then shaped by experiences obtained through the senses—sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell—and through reflection upon these sensory inputs, we form simple ideas that evolve into complex ideas. Locke's innovative view was fundamentally opposed to the prevailing notion of innate knowledge existing from birth. Instead, Locke posited that knowledge and ideas are the outcomes of empirical evidence and logical reasoning, underpinning the modern scientific method and influencing subsequent philosophical inquiry.

Answer:

B) Parabola

Explanation:  The function sunrise can be seen as the function

F( t = day of the year ) = hour of the day when the sun appears.

There are two important days in a year: - 21 of July, the summer solstice, and, -21 of December, the winter solstice.

The 21 of July is the day of the year when the sun appears the earliest, and, the 21 of December is the day of the year when the sun appears the latest.

We measure the sunrise in on year, i.e, 366 days, we begin to measure the 21 of December and end our measurements the 21 of December of the next year. Hence, t=0 corresponds to the 21 of December, t=366 corresponds to the 21 of December of the next year and t_mid=366/2 corresponds to the 21 of July.

It holds that F(0)=F(366) is the minimum of the function and F(t_mid) is the maximum of the function. Between  t=0 and t_mid F(t) is decreasing, also between t_mid  and t=366 F(t) is increasing. Moreover, by the way that the earth travels around the sun, we can assume that F(t) is symmetric with respect to t_mid. Finally, by plotting or drawing F(t), for t between 0 and 366, looks like a parabola facing downwards.

Answer: Most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are in stage 2 of the Demographic Transition, which means that the population is increasing incredibly rapidly, even though the average death age in most countries is still relatively low. This increase in birthrate is due to increased economic activity.

Answer:

Heat absorption increases as the albedo decreases.   B

Explanation:

The effects when more ice in the Arctic Ocean melts have on the water is "Heat absorption increases as the albedo decreases"

Therefore, heat absorption of the water increases as the albedo increases when ice in the Arctic ocean melts.

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Answer:

During the Enlightenment, Western European thinkers used the Orient as a means of critiquing their own society and  a means of demonstrating the superiority of their society .

Explanation:

Orientalism -

According to Orientalism -

1. The academic study of the orient , teaching and writing about them .

2. The way of thinking based on the ontological and epistemological distinction between the Western and eastern countries . orientals and Occidentals differ greatly and only westerns can produce knowledge of the orient.

3. A way of defining and commanding the orient . Western states dominates the orients on matter of intellect and economics.

Orientalism does not distinguish between different peoples in the east . This leads to a static view of the orient - opposite to the progress in the west.

Hence ,

Correct option is ( c ) both a and b.

During the Enlightenment, European thinkers used the Orient as both a critique of their own societies and as a means to demonstrate their superiority, a dual approach embodied by the concept of Orientalism.

During the Enlightenment, Western European thinkers utilized the concept of the Orient as both a means of critiquing their own society and a means of demonstrating the superiority of their society. This process is encapsulated by the term Orientalism, a concept put forth by literary critic Edward Said. Said argues that orientalism portrayed non-European societies, particularly those in Asia and the Middle East, in a way that emphasized their perceived irrationality and mystique. This served not only as a juxtaposition to the rational, moral, and democratic ideals in European societies, but also provided a critical mirror through which Europeans could reflect on their own societal practices and philosophies.

Enlightenment thinkers were diverse in their ideas, but they collectively emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method to understand the world. They also grappled with concepts of natural rights and social contract theory, which influenced Western legal and political structures. However, the depiction of the Orient by European thinkers was often done in a manner that reinforced European ethnocentrism while simultaneously using the Orient as a critical lens for European societal flaws.

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Answer:

b. is more economical than selective cutting

Explanation:

"Clear-cutting" is more economical than selective cutting. Thus, option A is correct.

The components or the supply of products and objects that would aid in the utility process are known as resources. Both resources and energy can be renewable. A person can have varying needs for resources depending on how much resources are available and what they seek.

The clear-cutting is a factor that seeks that the resources are less wasted as compared to selective cutting. Little planning is necessary for clearcutting, but substantial quantities of timber are handled on smaller areas of land.

Compared to selecting the total forest branch by plant and then removing only the most suitable trees, transparency could be more cost-effective and time-efficient.

Therefore, option A is the correct option.

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B) That the sides of a canyon are more steep than those of a valley

The distinction between a valley and a canyon is that the sides of a canyon are more steep than those of a valley. Hence, option B is correct.

A deep, narrow valley with steep sides and frequently a stream flowing through it; something resembling a canyon. concrete canyons in the city. The most famous example of a canyon is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, located in northern Arizona.

There are prominent undersea canyons that span continental shelves and descend continental slopes in many parts of the world.

A canyon is a deep valley that has been eroded into the earth's surface over a lengthy period of time by a river that is running. It is also known as a gorge and often has very steep walls and rocky rocks. The Grand Canyon, which the Colorado River carved out, is one of the best-known examples.

Thus, option B is correct.

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A. producer - clover

   herbivore - bison

   omnivore - prairie dog

   carnivore - black-footed ferret

The temperate grasslands are biomes that are located at the mid-latitudes. The climate is semi-arid, having only seasonal rainfall, and the majority of the year being dry. The landscape is dominated by grasses and flowers. One of the producers in this biome is the clover, which in turn is a food source for the herbivores like the bison. The prairie dig is a very opportunistic eater, and it is omnivore, eating both plants and animals. The black-footed ferret is one of the few predators in this biome, and even though it is small, it is a ferocious predator which feeds exclusively on meat.

B. producer - oak

   herbivore - hair

   omnivore - badger

   carnivore - jackal

The Mediterranean biome can be found on several places around the globe, though it is usually small areas in question, such as the Mediterranean coastline, the southwestern part of Australia, small part of Chile, California, and the Cape area in RSA. This biome is characterized with hot and dry summers, pleasant spring and autumn, and mild, rainy winters. The oak is one of the major producers in this biome. The hair is one of the most common herbivores, while the badger is one of the most prominent omnivores. Both of these species though are often on the menu of the predatory jackal. In general, the animals in this biome tend to be small, or small toward medium size.

C. producer - palm tree

   herbivore - tapir

   omnivore - coati

   carnivore - ocelot

The tropical rainforest is the biome that has the biggest abundance of species, be it plants or animals. It is a biome where it is constantly summer, and where there is very large amounts of precipitation. It can be found at the Equator and in close proximity to it. The palm trees are one of the most common producers in this biome, having high speciation as well. The tapir is one of the largest herbivores, which is also a very dangerous and aggressive animal. A good example of an omnivore is the coati, feeding on anything from small animals, insects, fruits, tubers. The ocelot is a cat that is a predator as all other cats, often hunting on the canopies, with wide range of prey animals on its menu.

D. producer - moss

   herbivore - reindeer

   omnivore - arctic fox

   carnivore - polar bear

The tundra is one of the harshest biomes on the planet. It is covered with ice and snow for most of the year, the temperatures are extremely low, the winds strong, and the summer is very short and mild. The organisms living here have special adaptations to survive in these harsh conditions, such as double layer of fur, wider paws, wider nostrils, larger heart. There are not many producers in the tundra, and the most common is the moss, and that is only in short space of time. The reindeer is one of the largest herbivores in this biome, while the largest land predator is also found in here, the polar bear. The arctic fox is very opportunistic when it comes to food sources, and it eats anything that it can find and digest.

E. producer - pine tree

   herbivore - squirrel

   omnivore - black bear

   carnivore - lynx

The montane forest is a biome found in the higher mountains. This biome has several variations, depending on the elevation. In general, it has mild summers, wet springs and autumns, and snowy, cold winters. One of the most common producers in this biome are the pine trees, which produce lot of food for the herbivorous squirrel. The black bear is the dominant omnivore, eating meat, fish, berries, and everything else that is eatable in order to accumulate fat for the winter. The lynx is one of the top predators in this biome, praying on variety of small and medium sized animals.

Answer:

d.Consistent color

f.Organic

Explanation:

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal  structure and a definite chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties.

Minerals are naturally occuring substances. This implies that they are not synthetic materials that are manufactured in the laboratory.

They are also inorganic element or compound that are not formed through biological processes in living organisms.

The structures of minerals are ordered and internally well arranged.

Compositions of minerals are usually definte but can vary over a narrow range.

Minerals are solids.

The components that are not required in the definition of a mineral include not having chemical variation, having a consistent color, and being organic.

The definition of a mineral does not really include its color, whether it has chemical variation, or if it's organic. In actuality, a mineral is required to be naturally occurring, solid, and have an orderly crystalline structure.

b. Does not have chemical variation is not essential as minerals can indeed have slight chemical variations within a given species. d. Consistent color is likewise not a part of the definition; minerals often come in a variety of colors thanks to impurities in their crystalline structures. Lastly, f. Organic is not required, because minerals are, by definition, inorganic substances.

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Answer:

rich in organic matter and bases​

Explanation:

Mollisols are rich in organic matter and bases​.

Mollisols are soils rich in organic matter and bases, are dark in color indicating high organic content, and have excellent moisture retention properties which make them ideal for crop growth.

Mollisols are a type of soil that is rich in organic matter and bases. They are often referred to as the 'breadbasket' soils because they are very fertile and perfect for growing crops. These soils are deep, dark in color demonstrating the high organic content, and have a granular structure that makes them good at holding moisture without being waterlogged. Unlike other soils, mollisols have a high base saturation, indicating that they have a good capacity to retain and supply nutrients to plants.

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Answer:

A. Nitrogen

Explanation:

The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of about 78% nitrogen, as well as 21% oxygen, and small amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide.

1. c. 100,000 years

There has been multiple glaciations during the geological past of the Earth, but while they have all been separated by millions of years and have appeared randomly, this is not the case in the Pleistocene. The glaciations in the Pleistocene have started to have a cyclic pattern. This pattern is approximately 100,000 years, which is actually the period from the beginning to the peak of the glaciation, thus in general the peak of the Pleistocene glaciations is in about 100,000 years since the beginning of the glaciation.

Q 68. b. Huronian

The Huronian is the first glaciation known to the scientists. It has occurred between 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago. The reason for the appearance of this glaciation is thought to be the quietness of the volcanoes for millions of years. Because the volcanoes were not erupting, or it was very little, the CO2 levels in the atmosphere dropped, resulting in significant weakening of the greenhouse effect, sot he Earth cooled off, and became a snow/ice ball. This glaciation occurred when there was only unicellular organisms, thus before the explosion of life.r

Q 69. c. Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move

The glaciers are very powerful, and as they move they manage to move lot of things with them. The things that are moved by the glaciers and later deposited vary from very small sand grains to enormous blocks of rocks. The big blocks of rock that weigh several tons are called glacial erratics. Despite their weight, the glaciers were able to move them over long distance, tens or even hundreds of km away. These rocks are easy to notice, as they stick out in the landscape, having different composition that the native rocks, and looking like they don't belong there.

Q 70. c. About 35 million years ago

Antarctica is a frozen continent in the present, but this has not been the case always. In the past, Antarctica has actually been a continent that was covered with dense forests, having tropical and temperate climate types. This started to change with the breakup of Gondwanaland. As Antarctica was moving away from South America and Africa, it was moving toward the South Pole, and as it was getting closer, the climate started to change. Around 35 million years ago, the first glaciers started to form on Antarctica, and over the next 20 million years, this continent gradually was becoming more and more covered in ice until it got almost completely frozen.

Q 71. d. icy comets

The glaciers on Earth depend on numerous factors in order for them to form and exist. Some of those factors are the precession, eccentricity, and obliquity, all of which have very big impact on Earth's climate, making it warmer and wetter at times, and than making it colder and drier. When the climate is becoming colder and drier, the glaciers start to form, and they start to expand from the poles toward the lower latitudes, as well as occupying the higher mountains around the globe. The icy comets though have nothing to do with the formation of glaciers. While they may have impact with our planet and cause changes, they will be very short lived, and the ice they carry will melt down immediately at the moment of the impact.