Aqueous hydrochloric acid reacts with solid sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium chloride and liquid water . What is the theoretical yield of sodium chloride formed from the reaction of of hydrochloric acid and of sodium hydroxide? Round your answer to significant figures.

Answer:

-4.30 × 10³ kcal

Explanation:

Let's consider the following thermochemical equation for the combustion of acetone.

C₃H₆O(l) + 4 O₂ (g) → 3 CO₂(g) + 3 H₂O(g) ΔH°of the reaction = -1790 kcal

When 1 mole of C₃H₆O burns, 1790 kcal of heat are released. We have to find out how many moles of C₃H₆O reacted in 177 mL. Considering the density of acetone is 0.788 g/mL and its molar mass is 58.08 g/mol, the moles of acetone are:

[tex]177mL.\frac{0.788g}{mL} .\frac{1mol}{58.08g} =2.40mol[/tex]

The heat released when 2.40 moles of acetone burn is:

[tex]2.40mol.\frac{(-1790kcal)}{1mol} =-4.30 \times 10^{3} kcal[/tex]

cis−1−chloro−2−methylcyclohexane undergoes E2 elimination more quickly than its trans isomer due to its axial configuration allowing for an anti-periplanar orientation, which is favorable for E2 elimination.

The E2 elimination reaction of cis−1−chloro−2−methylcyclohexane happens faster than its trans isomer due to the orientation of its reacting groups. In the cis isomer, the leaving group (the chlorine) and the beta-proton are both axial. This axial positioning on the same side of the cyclohexane ring allows for an anti-periplanar orientation, which is favorable for an E2 elimination.

However, for the trans isomer, the beta-proton is equatorial while the leaving group (the chlorine) is axial, preventing them from assuming the anti-periplanar configuration. Hence, it becomes less stable and present in a lower concentration. Because the cis isomer can more readily achieve this favored geometry, it reacts more quickly in E2 reactions.

https://brainly.com/question/38854028

#SPJ2

Answer:

Percentage of uncertainty in average speed of an electron is 0.1756%.

Explanation:

Using Heisenberg uncertainty principle:

[tex]\Deltax\times \Delta p\geq \frac{h}{4\pi }[/tex]

[tex]\Delta p=m\times \Delta v[/tex]

[tex]\Deltax\times m\times \Delta v\geq \frac{h}{4\pi }[/tex]

Δx = Uncertainty in position

Δp = Uncertainty in momentum

Δv = Uncertainty in average speed

h = Planck's constant = [tex]6.626\times 10^{-34} kg m^2/s[/tex]

m = mass of electron =  [tex]9.1\times 10^{-31} kg[/tex]

We have

Δx = 2 × 165 pm = 330 pm = [tex]3.3\times 10^{-10} m [/tex]

[tex]1 pm = 10^{-12} m[/tex]

Average orbital speed of electron = v = [tex]=1.0\times 10^8 m/s[/tex]

[tex]3.3\times 10^{-10} 9.1\times 10^{-31} kg \times \Delta v\geq \frac{6.626\times 10^{-34} kg m^2/s}{4\pi }[/tex]

[tex]\Delta v\geq \frac{6.626\times 10^{-34} kg m^2/s}{4\pi \times 3.3\times 10^{-10}\times 9.1\times 10^{-31} kg}[/tex]

[tex]\Delta v\geq 1.756\times 10^5 m/s[/tex]

Percentage of uncertainty in average speed:

[tex]=\frac{\Delta v}{v}\times 100[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{1.756\times 10^5 m/s}{1.0\times 10^8 m/s}\times 100=0.1756\%[/tex]

Answer:

b. reactant molecules collide more frequently and with greater energy per collision

Explanation:

As the temperature of a reaction is increased, the rate of the reaction increases because the reactant molecules collide more frequently and with greater energy per collision. When temperature is increased there is an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules. The more the molecules move the more they collide. According to the collision theory there should be enough energy to allow bonds to be formed during a chemical reaction hence the need for greater energy per collision. Also the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions that occur.

Sulfur and Fluorine are nonmetals so they will form covalent bonds to gain stability. To do so, they will follow the octet rule: they will share enough electrons so as to have their valence shell complete with 8 electrons.

Sulfur is in the Group 16 in the Periodic Table and has 6 valence electrons. Thus it must share 2 pairs of electrons to reach the octet.

Fluorine is in the Group 17 in the Periodic Table so each F has 7 valence electrons. Thus, each F needs to share 1 pair of electrons to reach the octet.

As a consequence, they will be bonded in the order F - S - F, with a single bond between each pair of atoms.

Ansfdfggggggggggggggggggggggggggggghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvgggggggggggg

Explanation:

Answer:

0.23 L

Explanation:

Let's consider the following balanced equation.

3 Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2 Na₃PO₄(aq) ⇄ Pb₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 NaNO₃(aq)

The moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ are:

[tex]0.18L\times \frac{5.0mol}{L} =0.90mol[/tex]

The molar ratio of Pb(NO₃)₂ to Na₃PO₄ is 3:2. The moles of Na₃PO₄ are:

[tex]0.90molPb(NO_{3})_{2}.\frac{2molNa_{3}PO_{4}}{3molPb(NO_{3})_{2}} =0.60molNa_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

The volume of Na₃PO₄ required is:

[tex]\frac{0.60mol}{2.6mol/L} =0.23L[/tex]

Answer:

C.) A molecular solid

Explanation:

Molecular solids have low melting points, are non-conductive and are insoluble in water. The interactions between the molecules or atoms can be hydrogen bonds, dipole dipole or London dispersion forces.Because they have relatively weak bonds there are easily vaporized and therefore have a low melting point. Although a network covalent solid is non-conductive it has a high melting point due to the strong covalent bonds. The metallic and the ionic solids are both conductive, with the metallic solids having a high melting point.

A substance that is nonconductive, with a low melting point, and insoluble in water is most likely a molecular solid, due to its weak intermolecular forces and neutral molecular composition.

The substance described as nonconductive, having a relatively low melting point, and insoluble in water is most likely C.) A molecular solid. Molecular solids are typically composed of molecules held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds. These characteristics result in their low melting points and the inability to conduct electricity. Since they are made up of neutral molecules, they usually do not dissolve in water which is a polar solvent. On the other hand, metallic solids conduct electricity and are malleable, ionic solids conduct electricity when molten and are usually water soluble, and network covalent solids are typically hard and have high melting points.

The total enthalpy H' is 2758.611 kJ/kg and the the total entropy S is 5.745 kJ/ kg . K.

Entropy is defined as the amount of thermal energy per unit temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive work.  Entropy, which measures disorder, has an impact on every element of our daily life. In actuality, you could consider it to be nature's tax. Disorder, if unchecked, gets worse over time.

Water vapor will be in its saturated form because the question states that water and water vapor are in equilibrium.

According to the steam table, the total enthalpy Ht = 2758.611 kJ/kg for saturated steam at 8000 kPa (8MPa).

Entropy in its entirety St = 5.745 kJ/ kilogram. K

The saturated steam table at that particular pressure is seen in this figure.

Thus, the total enthalpy H' is 2758.611 kJ/kg and the the total entropy S is 5.745 kJ/ kg . K.

To learn more about entropy, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/13146879

#SPJ5

Given the conditions stated, the water is in a supercritical fluid state where distinct liquid and gas phases don't exist. However, we can't determine the total enthalpy and entropy with the provided information, as we require additional data and the use of thermodynamic equations.

The question pertains to a two-phase system of liquid water and water vapor at a specific pressure and volume. The system exists at 8000 kPa, which is beyond the critical point of water (22.064 Mpa or 218 atm). This signifies that under such conditions, the sample of water is in the state of a supercritical fluid, where distinct liquid and gas phases cease to exist and instead a single phase with properties intermediate of both liquid and gas forms.

Unfortunately, based on the available data, determining the total enthalpy (H) and the total entropy (S) isn't feasible. For that, we need extra data such as the specific heat capacity, the exact temperatures of the different phases of water, and/or the number of moles involved. Calculations for H and S would also involve complex thermodynamic equations and experimentally determined constants for water.

Supercritical fluids are noteworthy substances in which the line separating liquid and gas phases disappears at a critical temperature and pressure, leading to the creation of a new phase with intermediate characteristics between a liquid and a gas. The vapor pressure, the liquid-gas equilibrium, and the thermodynamic properties of substances are crucial concepts in this context.

https://brainly.com/question/18394528

#SPJ3

Answer:

a,c are correct

Explanation:

a) On mixing two gases the final temperature of both the gases becomes the same. The heat will flow from high temp. gas to lower temp gas till the temp of both gases become equal (Thermal equilibrium). This is correct.

b) The rms speed of the molecule is inversely proportional to its molar mass so the final rsm will not be the same. This is incorrect.

c) The average kinetic energy of the system will remain the same. Hence this is also correct.

Answer:

0.367 g

Explanation:

Precipitation of silver and Cl requires 1:1 mol ratio of silver and Cl each, so the amount of mol NaCl (provides 1 mol of Cl⁻) and AgNO₃ (privides 1 mol of Ag⁺) must be equal for complete precipitation.

mol of Ag⁺ we have is

[tex]mol_{Ag^+}=[AgNO_3]*V_{solution}\\ =0.251*0.025=0.006275\ mol[/tex]

Thus we need 0.00625 mol of NaCl as well

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol

Therefore the total grams of NaCl needed is

[tex]m_{NaCl}=58.44*0.006275\\ =0.367\ g[/tex]

To completely precipitate the silver, approximately 0.900 grams of solid NaCl must be added to the 25.0 mL of 0.251 M AgNO3 solution.

The question asks how many grams of solid NaCl must be added to 25.0 mL of 0.251 M AgNO3 solution to completely precipitate the silver. To find the number of grams of NaCl needed, we need to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 in the 25.0 mL solution. Then, using the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can determine the number of moles of AgCl that will precipitate. Finally, we can convert the moles of AgCl to grams of NaCl using the molar mass of NaCl.

First, we calculate the number of moles of AgNO3:

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of AgNO3 produces 1 mole of AgCl. Therefore, 0.00628 mol of AgNO3 will produce 0.00628 mol of AgCl.

Next, we convert moles of AgCl to grams of NaCl:

Therefore, approximately 0.900 grams of solid NaCl must be added to the 25.0 mL of 0.251 M AgNO3 solution to completely precipitate the silver.

https://brainly.com/question/31782632

#SPJ3

When a chlorine atom attracts an electron from sodium, the sodium atom becomes positively charged, forming a sodium cation with a +1 charge, while chlorine becomes a chloride ion with a -1 charge, resulting in the formation of NaCl.

If a chlorine atom were to attract an electron from sodium, the sodium atom would become positively charged. This occurs because chlorine has a high affinity for electrons due to its seven valence electrons, and it is more energy-efficient for chlorine to gain one electron than to lose seven. When chlorine gains an extra electron, it becomes a chloride ion with a net negative charge. Conversely, when sodium loses its single valence electron, it becomes a sodium ion with a +1 charge, also known as a cation.

The transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine results in the formation of two oppositely charged ions that are held together by an ionic bond, creating the ionic compound NaCl. This electron transfer satisfies the octet rule for both ions, resulting in complete outermost shells with stable electron configurations.

Answer:

The correct answer is option E.

Explanation:

The Gibbs free energy is given by expression:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

ΔH = Enthalpy change of the reaction

T = Temperature of the reaction

ΔS = Entropy change

We have :

ΔH = -720.5 kJ/mol =  -720500 J/mol (1 kJ = 1000 J)

ΔS = -263.7 J/K

T = 141.0°C = 414.15 K

[tex]\Delta G = -720500 J/mol - (414.15 K\times (-263.7 J/K))[/tex]

[tex]= -611,288.64 J/mol = -611.28 kJ/mol\approx -611.3 kJ/mol[/tex]

The Gibb's free energy of the given reaction at 141.0°C is -611.3 kJ/mol.

Using the temperature in Kelvin and the given values, ΔG is calculated to be -611.3 kJ/mol, corresponding to option E.

To determine the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at 141.0 degrees Celsius for the reaction involving the formation of phosphorous trichloride (PCl3) from its elements, we can use the following formula:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Given data at 25.0 degrees Celsius (298.15 K):

ΔH = -720.5 kJ/mol

ΔG = -642.9 kJ/mol

ΔS = -263.7 J/K = -0.2637 kJ/K

Convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin for 141.0 degrees Celsius: T = 141.0 + 273.15 = 414.15 K

Now calculate ΔG at 414.15 K:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = -720.5 kJ/mol - (414.15 K * -0.2637 kJ/K) = -720.5 kJ/mol + 109.19 kJ/mol = -611.31 kJ/mol

The closest answer choice is -611.3 kJ/mol which aligns with option E.

Predators grow along with their victims. Over time, prey animals are now developing and avoiding themselves to get eaten by their predators. Such tactics and modifications can take many forms that make their work easier, including disguise, mimicry, defense mechanisms, flexibility, distance, habits and even tool use.

Though fact an equilibrium appears to occur within an ecosystem between predators and prey, there are several factors which affect it, including the birth and death rates of predators and preys.

Answer:

0.443 g

Explanation:

In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of NaCl, the following half-reactions take place:

Reduction: Na⁺(aq) + 1 e⁻ ⇒ Na(s)

Oxidation: 2 Cl⁻(aq) ⇒ Cl₂(g) + 2 e⁻

Let's consider the following relations:

Suppose a current of 18.0 A is passed through an aqueous solution of NaCl for 67.0 seconds. The mass of chlorine produced is:

[tex]67.0s.\frac{18.0c}{s} .\frac{1mole^{-} }{96468c} .\frac{1molCl_{2}}{2mole^{-} } .\frac{70.9gCl_{2}}{1molCl_{2}} =0.443gCl_{2}[/tex]

Using Faraday's law of electrolysis, we can calculate the mass of chlorine produced by an 18.0 A current over 67.0 seconds in the chlor-alkali process. The result is approximately 0.44 grams.

To determine the mass of chlorine produced in the chlor-alkali process using a current of 18.0 A for a duration of 67.0 seconds, we need to use Faraday's law of electrolysis. This states that the amount of a substance produced at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity that passes through the solution.

The amount of a substance produced can be calculated using the formula: It = zF, where I is the current in amperes, t is the time in seconds, z is the ionic charge(1 for Cl-), and F is Faraday’s constant (96500 coulombs per mole of electrons).

First, let’s find the quantity of electric charge (Q) that has passed through the solution using the formula Q = It. In this case, I = 18 A and t = 67.0 seconds, so Q = 18 * 67.0 = 1206 Coulombs.  

Now we can use this Q in the formula of m = QM/zF, where M is the molar mass of chlorine, which is approximately 35.5 g/mol. After plugging the numbers in, we find the mass (m) of the chlorine produced is 0.44 g.

https://brainly.com/question/30343167

#SPJ11

Answer:

The concentration of the HNO3 solution is 0.103 M

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Volume of the unknow HNO3 sample = 0.125 L

Volume of 0.200 M Ba(OH)2 = 32.3 mL = 0.0323 L

Step 2: The balanced equation

2HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2 ( aq ) ⟶ 2H2O ( l ) + Ba( NO3)2 (aq)

Step 3:

n2*C1*V1 = n1*C2*V2

⇒ n2 = the number of moles of Ba(OH)2 = 1

⇒ C1 = the concentration of HNO3 = TO BE DETERMINED

⇒ V1 = the volume of the HNO3 solution = 0.125 L

⇒ n1 = the number of moles of HNO3 = 2

⇒ C2 = the concentration of Ba(OH)2 = 0.200 M

⇒ V2 = the volume of Ba(OH)2 = 0.0323 L

1*C1 * 0.125 L = 2*0.200M * 0.0323 L

C1 = (2*0.200*0.0323)/0.125

C1 = 0.103 M

The concentration of the HNO3 solution is 0.103 M

Answer:

B. 0.5M NaNO₂ and 0.5M HNO₂ .

C. 0.1M KC₆H₅COO and 0.05M C₆H₅COOH .

E. 0.05M NaOH and 0.1M HCHO₂.

Explanation:

A buffer is made of 2 components:

Select the following solutions that would form a buffer. Select all that apply.

A. 0.1M HNO₃ and 0.15M NH₄Cl. NO. HNO₃ is a strong acid

B. 0.5M NaNO₂ and 0.5M HNO₂. YES. HNO₂ is a weak acid and NO₂⁻ (coming from NaNO₂) its conjugate base.

C. 0.1M KC₆H₅COO and 0.05M C₆H₅COOH. YES. C₆H₅COOH  is a weak acid and C₆H₅COO⁻ (coming from KC₆H₅COO) its conjugate base.

D. 0.1M NH₃ and 0.1M KClO. NO. It does not have the components of a buffer system.

E. 0.05M NaOH and 0.1M HCHO₂. YES.  HCHO₂ is a weak acid that can react with NaOH to produce CHO₂⁻, its conjugate base.

F. 0.1M KF and 0.15M HCl. NO. HCl is a strong acid.

G. 0.1M HBr and 0.1M NaOH. NO. HBr is a strong acid.

The options that would form a buffer are B, C, and E.

A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Using this information, we can analyze the given options:

Based on this analysis, the options that would form a buffer are B, C, and E.

https://brainly.com/question/32129916

#SPJ11

Answer:

The shape of the BF3 molecule is best described as trigonal planar.

Explanation:

The Lewis Structure for BF3 is like this:

 _            _

| F |        | F |

   \          /

        B

         |

      | F |

       ---

It forms three angles of 120° each. The bonds are in the same planar that's why it is trigonal planar and they are exactly the same.

Boron and Fluorine have 3 covalent bonds, produced by electronic promotion that enables the 2py and 2pz orbitals, leaving an electron to pair in the 2px. So boron will have 3 possible electrons to pair in 2s1, 2px and 2py, remember that electronic configuration for B is 1s2, 2s2, 2p1

By hybridization between the orbitals 2s2 and 2p1, the electrons of F, can joined to make the covalent bond. The new B configuration is 1s2, 2s1, 2px1, 2py1 (these last three, hybrid orbitals)

The shape of the BF3 molecule is trigonal planar.

The shape of the BF3 molecule is trigonal planar.

To determine the shape of a molecule, we need to look at its electron geometry and molecular geometry. The central atom in BF3 is Boron, with three Fluorine atoms surrounding it. Boron has three valence electrons, and each Fluorine atom contributes one electron. When we draw the Lewis structure for BF3, we can see that Boron forms three bonds with the Fluorine atoms, resulting in a trigonal planar electron geometry.

Since there are no lone pairs on the central atom, the molecular geometry of BF3 is also trigonal planar.

https://brainly.com/question/30395648

#SPJ12

Answer:

In the Lewis structure of P4 there are 6 bonding pairs and 4 lone pairs of electrons.

Explanation:

The structure of tetrahedral molecule of P4 is provided below.

Each phosphorus atom has 5 valence electrons out of which 3 electrons involve in bonding and the rest 2 electrons exist as a lone pair that does not involve in bonding.Hence each phosphorus atom has one lone pair.In P4 molecule there are phosphorus atoms and hence 4 lone pairs in total.

As you can see in the figure, each phosphorus atom is bonded to the other three atoms.A bond is formed when two atoms share one electron each and the pair is called bonding pair.

From the figure we can see that there are 6 bonds in total.Each bond consist of one bonding pair of electrons and hence in total there are 6 bonding pairs of electrons.

Hence in a P4 molecule there are six bonding pairs and 4 lone pairs of electrons.

Answer:

553 nm

Explanation:

When an electron from O absorbs radiation with an energy (E) of 3.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J, it is excited from orbital 2p to orbital 3s. The wavelength (λ) associated with that radiation can be calculated using the Planck-Einstein equation.

E = h. ν = h . c . λ⁻¹

where,

h is the Planck's constant

c is the speed of light

ν is the frequency

[tex]\lambda = \frac{h.c}{E} =\frac{6.63 \times 10^{-34}J.s \times 3.00 \times 10^{8} m/s}{3.6 \times 10^{-19}J } .\frac{10^{9}nm }{1m} =553nm[/tex]

The correct order of decreasing acid strength in an aqueous solution among HCl, HOCl, HOBr, and HOI is HCl > HIO > HBrO > HClO. This order is based on the strength of the H-X bond and the stability of the X- ion, where HCl is the strongest acid.

The correct order of decreasing acid strength in aqueous solution: HCl, HOCl, HOBr, and HOI, is option C: HCl > HIO > HBrO > HClO. This order is determined by two main factors: the strength of the H-X bond and the stability of the X-ion. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the strongest because it can easily donate protons in solution. The other compounds are oxyacids, and their strength increases with increasing electronegativity and size of the halogen attached to oxygen. So, when comparing HOCl, HOBr, and HOI, the more polarizable (or larger in size) the halogen, the stronger the acid. Iodine is the largest here and thus HOI is more acidic than HOBr and HOCl.

https://brainly.com/question/32792692

#SPJ12

Answer:

a. 0.80V b. 2Ag⁺(aq) + H2(g) ⇄ 2Ag(s) +2H⁺(aq) c. i) 0.88 ii) 1.03 d. Cell is a ph meter with the potential being a function of hydrogen ion concentration

Explanation:

a. The two half cell reactions are

1. 2H⁺(aq) +2e⁻ → H₂(g) Eanode = 0.00V

2. Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) Ecathode = 0.80V

The balanced cell reaction is

2Ag(aq)⁺ + H₂(g) ⇄  2Ag(s) + 2H⁺(aq)

therefore Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode = 0.80 - 0.00 = +0.80V

b. Since the Ecell is positive, the spontaneous cell reaction under standar state conditions is

2Ag(aq)⁺ + H₂(g) ⇄  2Ag(s) + 2H⁺(aq)

c. Use Nernst Equation

E = Ecell - (0.0592/n)log([H⁺]/[Ag⁺]²[P H₂]), where n is the number of moles of Ag and P H₂= 1.0 atm

i) E = 0.80 - (0.0592/2)log(4.2x10^-2)/(1.0)²(1.0) = 0.88V

ii) E =  0.80 - (0.0592/2)log(9.6x10^-5)/(1.0)²(1.0) = 1.03V

d . From the above calculation we can conclude that the cell acts as a pH meter as a change in hydrogen ion concentration results in a change in the potential of the cell. A change of ph of 2.64 changes the E of cell by 0.15 V.

Answer:

a) Molarity = 0.713 M

b) volume = 5.51 L

c) Number of moles = 16.01 moles

Explanation:

A) What is the molarity of a 4.15L solution that contains 173 g of sodium chloride?

Step 1: Data given

Volume = 4.15 L

Mass of NaCl = 173 grams

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Step 2: Calculate moles of NaCl

Number of moles NaCl = Mass NaCl / molar mass

Moles NaCl = 173 grams / 58.44 g/mol

Moles NaCl = 2.96 moles

Step 3: Calculate molarity of solution

Molarity = moles NacL/ volume

Molarity = 2.96 moles / 4.15L

Molarity = 0.713 M

b) Determine the volume of this solution that would contain 3.93 moles of sodium chloride.

Step 1: Data given

Number of moles = 3.93 moles

Molarity = 0.713 M

Step 2: Calculate volume

Volume = Moles/ Molarity

Volume = 3.93 mol/0.713 M

volume = 5.51 L

c) Determine the number of moles of sodium chloride in 22.45 L of this solution.

Step 1: Data given

Volume = 22.45 L

Molarity = 0.713 M

Step 2: Calculate number of moles

Moles NaCl = Molarity * volume

Moles NaCl = 0.713 * 22.45 L

Moles NaCl = 16.01 moles

The molarity of a solution containing 173 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 4.15 L of solution is 0.71 M. The volume of the solution that would contain 3.93 moles of NaCl is 5.52 L. There are 15.95 moles of NaCl in 22.45 L of the solution.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. To determine the molarity of a solution containing 173 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 4.15 L of solution, we first need to calculate the number of moles of NaCl. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol, so 173 g of NaCl is equal to 2.96 moles. Dividing this by the volume of the solution (4.15 L), we find that the molarity is 0.71 M.

To determine the volume of the solution that would contain 3.93 moles of NaCl, we can rearrange the equation for molarity: Moles = Molarity x Volume. Solving for Volume, we find that Volume = Moles / Molarity. Plugging in the given values, we have Volume = 3.93 moles / 0.71 M = 5.52 L.

Finally, to determine the number of moles of NaCl in 22.45 L of the solution, we can use the molarity formula again: Moles = Molarity x Volume. Plugging in the given values, we have Moles = 0.71 M x 22.45 L = 15.95 moles. Therefore, there are 15.95 moles of NaCl in 22.45 L of the solution.

Answer:

The approximate molar mass of lauryl alcohol is 174.08 g/m

Explanation:

An excersise to apply the colligative property of Freezing-point depression.

This is the formula: ΔT = Kf . m

First of all, think the T° of fusion of benzene → 5.5°C

ΔT = T° pure solvent - T° fusion solution

Kf for benzene: 5.12 °C/m

5.5°C - 4.5°C = 5.12 °C /m  . m

1°C /  5.12 m /°C = m

0.195 m = molality

This moles of lauryl alcohol, solute, are in 1 kg of benzene, solvent.

I have to find out in 0.2 kg.

1 kg sv ____ 0.195 moles solute

0.2 kg sv ____ (0.195 . 0.2)/1 = 0.039 moles solute

The mass for these moles is 6.80 g, so if I want to know the molar mass, I have to divide mass / moles

6.80 g/ 0.039 moles = 174.08 g/m

Answer:

(a) Ionic

(b) Nonpolar covalent

(c) Polar covalent

(d) Polar covalent

(e) Nonpolar covalent

(f) Polar covalent

For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the least polar bond? NO₂

For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the most polar bond? BF₃

Explanation:

Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent?

The nature of a bond depends on the modulus of the difference of electronegativity (|ΔEN|) between the atoms that form it.

(a) KCl    |ΔEN| = |EN(K) - EN(Cl)| = |0.8 - 3.0| = 2.2. The bond is ionic.

(b) P₄      |ΔEN| = |EN(P) - EN(P)| = |2.1 - 2.1| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.

(c) BF₃    |ΔEN| = |EN(B) - EN(F)| = |2.0 - 4.0| = 2.0. The bond is polar covalent.

(d) SO₂   |ΔEN| = |EN(S) - EN(O)| = |2.5 - 3.5| = 1.0. The bond is polar covalent.

(e) Br₂    |ΔEN| = |EN(Br) - EN(Br)| = |2.8 - 2.8| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.

(f) NO₂   |ΔEN| = |EN(N) - EN(O)| = |3.0 - 3.5| = 0.5. The bond is polar covalent.

The nature of bonding between atoms depends on the electro negativity between the atoms in the bond.

An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another. It commonly occurs between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between bonding atoms. If the electronegativity difference between the two bonding atoms is small, electrons are equally shared in the molecule and the bonds are nonpolar. However, when the difference in electro negativity is significant (about 0.5) a significant magnitude of polarity of the bond is observed and the bond us polar because electrons lie closer to the more electronegative atom.

The classification of the compounds according to nature of bonding between atoms is done as follows;

KCl - ionic bond

P4 - nonpolar covalent bond

BF3 - polar covalent bond

SO2 - polar covalent bond

Br2 - nonpolar covalent

NO2 - polar covalent bond.

The most polar bond occurs between bromine and bromine because of a large electro negativity difference between the both atoms.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/17762711

Answer:

D.) sp² and sp³

Explanation:

Acetic acid  CH₃COOH

H3C-----sp³                        C(O)OH----sp²

Answer:

a. The central atom is sulfur

b. SF2

c. The central atom has two lone pairs

d. The ideal angle between the sulfur-fluorine bonds is 109.5°

e.  I expect the actual angle between the sulfur-fluorine bonds to be less than 109.5° because unbonded pairs repel bonded pairs more than bonded pairs repel other bonded pairs. So the bonds here will be pushed closer than normal

Explanation:

Question #1:  What is the central atom?

The central atom of this molecule is Sulfur, S.

Question #2:  Enter its chemical symbol.

The chemical symbol of the molecule is SF2 but the chemical symbol of the central atom is S.

Question #3:  How many lone pairs are around the central atom?

There are two lone pairs around the central atom of Sulfur.

Question #4:  What is the ideal angle between the sulfur-fluorine bonds?

The ideal angle between the Sulfur-Fluorine bonds is 109.5 degrees.

Question #5:  Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the sulfur-fluorine bonds to be.

I would expect the actual angle between the Sulfur-Fluorine bonds to be less than 109.5 degrees since the unbonded pairs have a greater repulsion with bonded pairs than the repulsion that happens between two bonded pairs.  Therefore, the bonds would be closer to each other causing a smaller angle.

Answer:

1.48x10⁻³ mol

Explanation:

The balanced equation is

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

The aqueous solution will disociate, so:

Mg(s) + 2H⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → Mg²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + H₂(g)

Simplifying by eliminating the bolded substances that have the same amount in both sides, we have the net ionic equation:

Mg(s) + 2H⁺(aq) → Mg²⁺(aq) + H₂(g).

a) The number of moles of Magnesium is the mass divided by the molar mass (24.305 g/mol):

n = 0.0360/24.305

n = 1.48x10⁻³ mol

Answer:

1) 4.35 atm

2) 36.88 °C

Explanation:

1) Because the temperature and number of moles remained constant, we can use the formula P₁V₁=P₂V₂

3.00 L * 1.45 atm = P₂ * 1.00 L

P₂ = 4.35 atm

2) First we use a geometrical formula to calculate the volume of the spherical balloon when it has a diameter of 50.0 and of 51.0 cm.

V₁ = 4/3 * π*(50/2)³ = 65449.85cm³

V₂ = 4/3 * π*(51/2)³ = 69455.90cm³

Then we use T₁V₂=T₂V₁, keeping in mind using Kelvin as the unit for temperatures:

292.16 K *  69455.90cm³ = T₂ * 65449.85cm³

T₂ = 310.04 K = 36.88 °C

The final pressure of the chlorine gas in the cylinder is 4.35 atm as per Boyle's Law. The temp on a hot summer day outside can be found using Charles's Law after a series of steps starting with converting the diameter to radius then to volume, adjusting for Kelvin, and then solving for T2 with Charles's Law.

The subjects of these problems pertain to gas laws, specifically, Boyle's Law and Charles's Law.

1) According to Boyle's Law, the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship when the temperature and the number of moles remain constant. Thus, if the volume is decreased, the pressure should increase. We can calculate the final pressure with the formula P1*V1 = P2*V2. Substituting the given figures: 1.45 atm * 3.00 L = P2 * 1.00 L. Solving for P2, the final pressure of the gas is 4.35 atm.

2) With Charles's Law, the volume and temperature of a gas have a direct relationship when pressure and the number of moles remain constant. Converting the diameters to radii (25.0 cm to 26.0 cm) and using the volume formula of a sphere, you find the volume before and after. The formula for Charles's Law is V1/T1 = V2/T2. However, all temperatures need to be in Kelvin, so 19.0 C converts to 292.15 K. Substituting the calculated volumes and temperatures, solve for T2. This will give you the temperature outside in Kelvin. Convert to Celsius for a meaningful interpretation.

https://brainly.com/question/12669509

#SPJ3

Final answer:

The standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the process C6H6(l) → C6H6(g) is 82.93 kJ/mol. The standard entropy change (ΔS°) for the process is 269.2 J/K*mol. The standard free energy change (ΔG°) for the process is 7361.033 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

The standard enthalpy change, ΔH°, for the process C6H6(l) → C6H6(g) can be calculated using the standard enthalpy of formation of benzene in the gaseous state and the liquid state. The equation for ΔH° is ΔH° = ΣΔH°(products) - ΣΔH°(reactants). In this case, since benzene is the only product and there are no reactants, the equation simplifies to ΔH° = ΔH°(C6H6(g)). Therefore, ΔH° = 82.93 kJ/mol.

The standard entropy change, ΔS°, for the process can be calculated using the standard entropy of benzene in the gaseous state and the liquid state. The equation for ΔS° is ΔS° = ΣΔS°(products) - ΣΔS°(reactants). Similar to the calculation for ΔH°, since benzene is the only product and there are no reactants, the equation simplifies to ΔS° = ΔS°(C6H6(g)). Therefore, ΔS° = 269.2 J/K*mol.

The standard free energy change, ΔG°, for the process can be calculated using the equation ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. Since the temperature is given as 25.00°C, we need to convert it to Kelvin by adding 273.15. Therefore, T = 25.00°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K. Substituting the values into the equation, we get ΔG° = 82.93 kJ/mol - (298.15 K)(269.2 J/K*mol) = 7361.033 kJ/mol.