Atom A has seven electrons in its outer shell. Atom B has one electron in its outer shell. They react and bond. Now both atoms have eight electrons in their outer shells. What kind of bond has formed?

Answer:

The volume will be 4.44 L

Explanation:

Data:

First volume, V1 = 6 L

First pressure, P1 = 150 kPa -> 150 kPa * 1 atm/101.325 kPa = 1.48 atm

Second pressure, P2 = 2 atm

Second volume, V2 = ? L

From Boyle's law:

P1*V1 =P2*V2

V2 = P1*V1/P2

V2 = 1.48*6/2

V2 = 4.44 L

Final answer:

Direct methods of flood control involve structural defenses like dams and levees, while indirect methods employ natural solutions, such as afforestation and wetland development, to absorb and manage water flow.

Explanation:

The difference between direct and indirect methods of flood control involves the approach taken to manage and reduce the impact of floods. Direct methods are structural solutions like levees, dams, and reservoirs that physically prevent floodwaters from reaching vulnerable areas. These methods can control the flow of water, store excess water during times of heavy rain, and are often engineered to protect specific locations.

Indirect methods include strategies like afforestation, maintaining mangrove forests, or developing wetlands, which aim to enhance the natural capacity of the environment to manage water levels without the construction of artificial barriers. Indirect methods can absorb and slow the water to reduce flooding, benefiting the ecosystem and reducing the risk of erosion on a broader scale.

Functional groups chemically define a molecule. Examples include hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), phosphate (-PO4), and sulfhydryl (-SH), each conferring unique chemical properties such as polarity, reactivity, or the ability to form certain kinds of bonds.

In the context of chemistry, functional groups determine the chemical properties of a molecule. For instance, a hydroxyl group (-OH) confers alcohol-like properties to a molecule, making it polar and capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Similarly, a carbonyl group (C=O) introduces reactivity and polarity to compounds known as aldehydes or ketones. A carboxyl group (-COOH) imparts acidic properties, while an amino group (-NH2) gives a molecule basic properties. Another example is a phosphate group (-PO4), often seen in DNA and ATP, that makes a compound acidic and highly reactive. Finally, a sulfhydryl group (-SH), commonly found in some amino acids, gives a molecule the ability to form disulfide bonds.

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Final answer:

The energy required to heat a 5.63 g sample of solid gold from 21.0 °C to 32.0 °C is approximately 8.0239 J or 1.9174 cal, using the specific heat capacity of gold (0.129 J/g°C).

Explanation:

To calculate the energy required to heat the sample of solid gold, we can use the formula: q = mcΔT, where q is the heat energy in joules (J), m is the mass of the substance in grams (g), c is the specific heat capacity (J/g°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).

The mass m of solid gold is 5.63 g, and the specific heat capacity c of gold is given as 0.129 J/g°C. The change in temperature ΔT is (32.0 °C - 21.0 °C) = 11.0 °C.

Therefore, the energy required in joules is:
q = (5.63 g) × (0.129 J/g°C) × (11.0 °C) = 8.0239 J.

To convert joules to calories, we use the conversion factor: 1 cal = 4.184 J. Therefore,
q in calories is: q = 8.0239 J × (1 cal / 4.184 J) = 1.9174 cal.

The energy required to heat the sample of gold from 21.0 °C to 32.0 °C is approximately 8.0239 J or 1.9174 cal.

Answer: The name of the given compound is tin (IV) sulfate.

Explanation:

The given compound is formed by the combination of tin ions and sulfate ions. It is an ionic compound.

The nomenclature of ionic compounds is given by:

In the given compound, tin is present in +4 oxidation state.

Hence, the name of the given compound is tin (IV) sulfate

Answers of this questions are,

1) Reflection

2) Metal spoon

3) strikes an object and bounces off of it.

4) Electromagnetic/Light waves cannot travel through solids.

6) The light wave is bending around an obstacle

7)Reflected light

8) A ring around the Sun caused by particles in the air.

9) A = True

Reflection is the change of direction of the wave at the interface which separates two media. it get incident on the other media and get return to the same media is called as reflection. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves.

we can see that in the dark room when we incident light on the mirror, the direction of the light changes at the point of the incidence. in the scientific language we can say that light has reflected from the surface of the mirror. in this case  angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.

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Answer:

The entropy change for combining the two temperatures of water is 2.9 J/K.  

Hope I helped!!! :)

Question 1 :

To determine whether the salt is KCl or KNO3, one should look for the difference between them in terms of their physicochemical properties, such as their solubility.

Since we have the solubilité of KCl and KNO3, we can use the property of solubility to determine if the mystery salt is KCl or KNO3.

Question 2:

We will try to reproduce the conditions to determine the solubility of the salt at 37°C.

We will put into the beaker 100ml of water (equivalent to 100g) and dissolve a defined quantity of the salt (the number should be between the solubility of the KCl (37g) and KNO3 (30g) so between 30g and 37g).

Let's dissolve for example 32g of the salt, then, heat with the hotplate until the temperature of the beaker content will be 35 ° C (use the thermometer to determine the exact temperature).

Why?

This manipulation aims to determine the solubility of our mystery salt to know if it is KNO3 or KCl. In our conditions, we will obtain two different possibilities depending on if the salt is KCl or KNO3, this justifies why we took a quantity between 30g and 37g of salt.

If it is KNO3 (solubility of 30g/ml) we will observe a precipitation in the beaker because we exceed its solubility.

If it is KCl (37g/100) we will not observe a precipitate since we did not attempt the solubility of KCl

Question 3:

Finally to determine the composition of salt: we know that the solubility of KCL is 37g / 100ml (that is to say if we dissolve a higher mass (38g for example), we will observe a precipitation of salt) and that the solubility of KNO3 is 30g / 100ml (that is to say if we dissolve an upper mass (32g for example), we will observe a precipitation of salt)

In our experiment, 32g of salts were dissolved. If it is KCl, we will not observe a precipitate since the minimum concentration to start having a precipitate is not yet reached (37g / 100ml).

If it is KNO3, a precipitate will be observed since the minimum concentration to start having a precipitate is not yet reached (30g / 100ml).

Hello! The correct answer is, B. are in motion outside the nucleus.

I hope this helped!

Within an atom, electrons are in motion outside the nucleus of an atom. The correct answer is option B.

An electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It is one of the fundamental particles that make up atoms, along with protons and neutrons.

Therefore, option B. are in motion outside the nucleus, is the correct answer.

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Answer:

It has no atmosphere

Explanation:

The first stable compound produced in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis from [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCO in the stroma of the chloroplast.

The first stable compound produced from [tex]CO_2[/tex]in the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, is 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). During the initial stage of fixation, which occurs in the stroma, an enzyme called ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the reaction of [tex]CO_2[/tex] with ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). For each molecule of [tex]CO_2[/tex] that combines with one molecule of RuBP, two molecules of 3-PGA are produced. This step in the Calvin cycle is crucial as it marks the incorporation of inorganic carbon from [tex]CO_2[/tex] into an organic molecule, which can then be converted into glucose and other carbohydrates that are essential for plant energy and growth.

Answer:

the phosphate head mixes with water ;the fatty acid tails do not

Explanation:

The substance that cannot be broken down by chemical change is [tex]\boxed{{\text{C) gold}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

Substance is the pure form of matter while a combination of atoms or molecules is termed as a mixture.

Types of substances:

1. Element

The simplest form of substance that cannot be further decomposed by any chemical means is called an element. Carbon, sulfur, and cobalt are some of the examples of elements.

2. Compound

When two or more different elements are held together by chemical methods, compounds are formed. These can further be decomposed into their corresponding constituents. The properties of compounds are very different from those of their constituent elements. NaCl, [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}[/tex] are examples of compounds.

A) Butanal [tex]\left( {{{\text{C}}_4}{{\text{H}}_8}{\text{O}}} \right)[/tex] is made up of four carbon atoms, eight hydrogen atoms, and an oxygen atom so it is a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical change.

B) Propene [tex]\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}} \right)[/tex] is made up of three carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms so it is a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical change.

C) Gold [tex]\left( {{\text{Au}}} \right)[/tex] is an element so it is present in its simplest form. Therefore it cannot be broken down by chemical change.

D) Water [tex]\left( {{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}} \right)[/tex] is made up of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms so it is a compound. Therefore it can be broken down by chemical change.

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Elements, compounds, and mixtures

Keywords: substance, butanal, propene, gold, water, element, compound, chemical change, decomposed, simplest form, NaCl, CH4, carbon, sulfur, cobalt.

Gold, being an element, cannot be broken down further by a chemical change whereas butanal, propene, and water, being compounds, can be.

The substance which cannot be broken down by a chemical change is gold. This is because gold is an element. Elements are pure substances that are made from a single type of atom and cannot be broken down further by chemical methods. On the other hand, butanal, propene, and water are all compounds, which are substances formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. Compounds can be decomposed into simpler substances, or their constituent elements, by chemical change.

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Final answer:

The %yield of Fe2O3 from the reaction of 1.0 mol of Fe with excess O2 producing 0.325 moles of Fe2O3 is calculated to be 65%, using the stoichiometric ratios from the balanced chemical equation.

Explanation:

The question involves calculating the %yield of Fe2O3 when 1.0 mole of Fe(s) reacts with excess O2(g) and produces 0.325 moles of Fe2O3. To determine the theoretical yield, we must first understand the balanced equation of the reaction, which is 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3. From this equation, we can deduce that 4 moles of Fe should ideally produce 2 moles of Fe2O3. Given that we started with 1.0 mol of Fe, the theoretical yield for Fe2O3 would be 0.5 mol, considering the stoichiometric ratios.

To find the %yield, we use the formula: (%yield) = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%. Substituting the given values, we have (%yield) = (0.325 mol / 0.5 mol) × 100% = 65%. Therefore, the %yield of Fe2O3 when 1.0 mole of Fe(s) reacts with excess O2(g) to produce 0.325 moles of Fe2O3 is 65%.

B. is indeed correct

The arrangement of particles in a gas differs from that in a solid in that they are farther apart, allowing gases to fill their containers' volume and shape.

How does the arrangement of the particles in a gas compare to that of a solid? The correct answer is that the particles in a gas are farther apart than the particles in a solid (Option C). This difference in particle arrangement is crucial for understanding the distinct physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

Solids and liquids are considered condensed phases because their particles are very close together, which leads to them having definite volumes. Conversely, the particles in a gas phase are much more spread out, allowing them to move freely at high speeds. This significant separation between particles in a gas means that a gas can expand to fill the shape and volume of its container, differentiating it notably from solids and liquids.

The vapor pressure of 25 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius is 23.8 mmHg. The exact molecular formula of substance Xy would require additional information such as the actual change in vapor pressure caused by the added solute and comparison with Raoult's Law to determine the number of moles of solute.

The vapor pressure of 25 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius is a physical property dependent on temperature, not the volume of water. Therefore, it is the same regardless of the amount of water present, provided that there is enough water to establish an equilibrium between liquid water and water vapor. The vapor pressure is given by its equilibrium at a certain temperature, and for water at 25 degrees Celsius, it is 23.8 mmHg.

To determine the molecular formula of substance Xy from the information given, we can use Raoult's Law and the concept of molality. First, we calculate the number of moles of substance Xy using its molecular weight and the mass of the substance provided. Next, we use the change in vapor pressure and Raoult's Law to find the molality and the number of moles of solute, which gives us the value of the subscript y in the molecular formula Xy.

Final answer:

The vapor pressure of 25 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius will be similar to the vapor pressure of pure water at that temperature, which can be estimated using the given table.

Explanation:

The vapor pressure of 25 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius will be the same as the vapor pressure of pure water at that temperature. According to the table provided, the vapor pressure of water at 25 degrees Celsius is not given. However, we can use the information given at other temperatures to make an estimate.

For example, according to the table, the vapor pressure of water at 30 degrees Celsius is 42.2 mmHg, and at 20 degrees Celsius it is 17.5 mmHg. Since vapor pressure generally increases with temperature, we can estimate that the vapor pressure of water at 25 degrees Celsius will be closer to 30 degrees Celsius than to 20 degrees Celsius.

Therefore, we can estimate that the vapor pressure of 25 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius will be around 42.2 mmHg.

If 2.34 g of NaCl was formed, the number of moles of NaHCO3 must have been used in the reaction is 0.0800 mol

To determine the number of moles of NaHCO3 that must have been used in the reaction, we need to use the balanced chemical equation and the given mass of NaCl.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: 2 NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → 2 CO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that there is a one-to-one ratio between NaCl and NaHCO3.

Therefore, the number of moles of NaHCO3 used in the reaction is the same as the number of moles of NaCl formed.

To find the number of moles of NaHCO3, we need to convert the mass of NaCl to moles using the molar mass of NaCl.

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol (22.99 g/mol for Na + 35.45 g/mol for Cl).

Let's assume that x moles of NaHCO3 were used in the reaction.

From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 2 moles of NaHCO3 react to form 2 moles of CO2.

Therefore, the molar ratio between NaHCO3 and CO2 is 2:2.

Since we have found that there are 2.34 g of NaCl formed, we can now set up the following equation:

x moles NaHCO3 = 2.34 g NaCl × (1 mol NaCl/58.44 g NaCl) × (2 mol NaHCO3/2 mol NaCl)

Calculating this, we get:

x = 0.0800 mol

So therefore the number of moles of NaHCO3  is 0.0800 mol