Based on conductivity values, classify the compounds in each set of solutions as molecular, ionic, or acids. what is the level of dissociation (complete, varying, or none) of each set

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The total charge of the thorium nucleus is 1.44 ×  10⁻¹⁷ C.The net electric charge on an ion is similar to the number of protons in the ion less the number of electrons.

The net electric charge on an ion is equal to the number of protons in the ion less the number of electrons. The electric charge on a proton is equal in magnitude to the charge on an electron.

When an atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons, it also has an equal number of positive and negative electric charges (the protons). The atom is referred to as neutral since its overall electric charge is zero.

Total Charge of Thorium Nucleus

= 90 × Charge of 1 electron

Q = 90 × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

Q = 1.44 ×  10⁻¹⁷ C

Thus,  1.44 ×  10⁻¹⁷ C is the total charge of the thorium nucleus is 1.44 ×  10⁻¹⁷ C.

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Answer : The correct answer is oxidation number of Zn changes from 0 to +2.

Oxidation number :

It is number given to an element when it undergoes oxidation by loosing electrons . Oxidation number is equal to number of electrons donated . It is generally represented as charge .

Oxidation number of any element in a compound can be calculated as :

(Total number of positive charge) + (total number of negative charge) = total charge on compound

Where : Total positive charge = No. of atom or polyatomic molecule * positive charge on it

Total negative charge = No. of atom or polyatomic molecule * negative charge on it

Total charge on compound = Charge lying on top of compound .

Following steps can be used to find change in oxidation number of Zn :

Step 1 ) : To find oxidation number of Zn ( reactant side ) :

On reactant side Zn is present in solid state or its elemental state . It is not attached to any other atom , hence it is neutral and isolated atom. So oxidation number on Zn(s) is 0 .

Step 2: To find oxidation number of Zn in ZnSO₄ (aq)

ZnSO₄(aq) is ionic compound compound . It has two ions in it, Zn and SO₄ . Also it is a neutral compound means it has zero charge on it .

SO₄ is sulfate which has -2 charge or oxidation number on it (image attached )and there is one molecule of SO₄ ion . There is one atom of Zn which has unknown charge or oxidation number (x) .

To calculate oxidation number on Zn ion , plug values in above formula :

(No of Zn atom * charge on it ) + (No of SO₄ molecule * charge on it ) = Total charge on ZnSO₄

( 1* charge on Zn ) + ( 1* -2 ) = 0

Charge on Zn + (-2) = 0

Charge on Zn = +2

On reactant side Zn(s) has Zero charge and on product side Zn in ZnSO₄(aq) has +2 charge .

Hence the charge in oxidation number of Zn is from 0 to +2 .

β⁻ emission is an emission of an electron from the parent atom while converting a neutron into a proton. Hence, the formed daughter nucleus has the same number of mass but the atomic number is higher by 1 and number of neutrons is lower by one than the parent atom.

After a β⁻ emission of ¹⁰⁶Ru, the formed daughter nucleus should have 106 as mass number but (44 + 1) = 45 as the atomic number.  

Hence the daughter nucleus is Rh (Rhodium) which has 45 protons (atomic number).

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

Efficiency of an engine is calculated by dividing the energy output over the energy input and expressing that as a percentage.  

Efficiency = [tex]\frac{energy output}{energy input}[/tex] x 100%

Given,  

Heat input = 1000 J  

Heat wasted = 750 J

Heat used = 1000 J – 750 J = 250 J  

Efficiency = [tex]\frac{250 J }{1000 J}[/tex] x 100% = 25%

The volume of SO₂ produced at 325k   is calculated as below

calculate the moles of SO₂ produced  which  is calculated as follows

write the  reacting equation

K₂SO₃ +2 HCl = 2KCl +H₂O+ SO₂

find the moles of HCl used=mass/molar mass = 15g/ 36.5 g/mol =0.411 moles

by use of the mole ratio between HCl to SO₂  which is 2:1 the moles of SO₂ is, therefore, = 0.411 /2 =0.206 moles of SO2

use the ideal gas equation to calculate the volume SO₂

that is V=nRT/P  

where  n=0.206  moles

R(gas constant) = 0.082 L.atm/ mol.k

T=325 K

P=1.35 atm

V=(0.206 moles x  0.082 L.atm/mol.k x325 k)/1.35 atm = 4.07 L of SO₂

Cows can derive energy from cellulose-rich grass due to the presence of symbiotic bacteria in their digestive system, which secrete an enzyme called cellulase, breaking down cellulose into usable glucose monomers. Their multiple-chambered stomach and appendix further facilitate cellulose digestion. This unique adaptation allows cows and other ruminants to utilize cellulose as an energy source.

Cows and other herbivores are able to derive energy from cellulose-rich grass due to symbiotic bacteria that reside in their rumen, a part of their digestive system. These bacteria secrete an enzyme called cellulase which breaks down cellulose into glucose monomers, providing a viable energy source for the animal. Herbivores, such as cows, buffalos, and horses, possess a multiple-chambered stomach where cellulose digestion mostly occurs, and also an appendix where bacteria help in further breaking down cellulose.

Cellulose is composed of glucose monomers packed tightly as extended long chains, giving it its high tensile strength and rigidity, an important attribute for plant cells. It's interesting to note that every other glucose monomer in cellulose is flipped over, which adds to its complexity and indigestibility in many animals including humans. However, the unique digestive system of ruminants, rooms for cellulase-secreting bacteria such as those in the rumen and appendix, enable them to utilize cellulose as an energy source.

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Answer: color change , temperature change, precipitate formation,  gas formation

Explanation:

A physical change is defined as the change in which shape, size of the atoms change. No new substance gets formed in these reactions.

Example: cutting a solid into smaller pieces

A chemical change is defined as the change in which change in chemical composition of atoms takes place. A new substance is formed in these reactions.

Characteristics of chemical reaction:

1. Change in color

2. Formation of precipitate

3. Energy is lost or absorbed

Answer is: chlorine and sodium.

Molten sodium chloride is separeted::
2NaCl(l) → 2Na(l) + Cl₂(g), 
but first ionic bonds in this salt are separeted because of heat: 
NaCl(l) → Na⁺(l) + Cl⁻(l).

Reaction of reduction at cathode(-): Na⁺(l) + e⁻ → Na⁰(l) /×2.

2Na⁺(l) + 2e⁻ → 2Na(l)

Reaction of oxidation at anode(+): 2Cl⁻(l) → Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻.

The anode is positive and the cathode is negative.

In electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, sodium metal is produced at the negatively charged cathode and chlorine gas is produced at the positively charged anode.

The process of producing sodium via the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride involves a Downs cell. In this setup, sodium ions migrate to the negatively charged cathode, pick up electrons, and are reduced to sodium metal. Chloride ions, meanwhile, migrate to the positively charged anode, lose electrons, and undergo oxidation to form chlorine gas. Therefore, at the cathode, the product is sodium metal and at the anode it is chlorine gas.

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The pH of a 0.45 M solution of aniline (C6H5NH2) is 9.4.

The pH of a 0.45 M solution of aniline (C6H5NH2) can be calculated using the given pKb value of 9.40.

To find the pH, we need to find the pOH first using the pKb value:

pOH = 14 - pKb = 14 - 9.40 = 4.6

Then, we can use the equation pH + pOH = 14 to find the pH:

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.6 = 9.4

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 9.4.

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The pH of a 0.45 M solution of aniline, given that its pKb is 9.40, is calculated to be approximately 10.99 after taking into account the equilibrium constant Kb for aniline and the concentration of OH- ions introduced on the ionization of aniline.

To calculate the pH of a 0.45 M solution of aniline (C6H5NH2), we need to take into account its pKb value, 9.40. Aniline is a weak base, and we can use the formula pOH = pKb - log[(base)/(acid)]. First, we have to calculate the equilibrium constant Kb for aniline which is Kw/Ka = 10^-14 / Ka. We know Ka equals 10^-5.6, hence Kb for aniline = 10^-14 / 10^-5.6 = 4.3 × 10^-10.

Next, using an approximation approach and the ICE table, we calculate the concentration of OH- introduced by aniline when it ionizes, and find it to be roughly 9.7 × 10-4 M. The pOH of the solution is then -log(9.7 × 10-4) which equals 3.01. To get the pH, we subtract this from 14 (since pH + pOH = 14), yielding a pH for the solution of approximately 10.99.

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Final answer:

To find the number of atoms in 0.10 mol of PtCl₂(NH₃)₂, calculate the total atoms per molecule (11 atoms) and multiply by Avogadro's number and the moles given, resulting in 6.622 x 10²² atoms.

Explanation:

The subject of the question is determining the number of atoms in a given quantity of a compound, in this case, the compound is PtCl₂(NH₃)₂. To calculate the number of atoms in 0.10 mol of PtCl₂(NH₃)₂, we have to first identify the number of each type of atom within one molecule of the compound. There is 1 platinum (Pt) atom, 2 chlorine (Cl) atoms, and 2 ammonia (NH₃) molecules, which equates to 2 nitrogen (N) atoms and 6 hydrogen (H) atoms. In total, one molecule of the compound contains 1 + 2 + 2 + 6 = 11 atoms.

To find the total number of atoms in 0.10 mol, you multiply the number of atoms in one molecule by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mole), which provides the number of atoms in one mole. Therefore, 0.10 mol of this compound will contain (11 atoms/molecule) x (6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mole) x 0.10 mol = 6.622 x 10²² atoms.

Final answer:

The volume of a 1.2M glucose solution that can be prepared with 0.50 moles of C6H12O6 is approximately 0.417 liters (417 mL).

Explanation:

To determine how many liters of a 1.2M solution can be prepared with 0.50 moles of C6H12O6 (glucose), we use the molarity equation M = n/V, where M is the molarity, n is the number of moles, and V is the volume in liters. Rearranging the equation to solve for V, we get V = n/M.

Using the given values, we calculate the volume (V) as V = 0.50 moles / 1.2 mol/L = 0.4167 liters. Therefore, you can prepare approximately 0.417 liters (417 mL) of a 1.2M glucose solution using 0.50 moles of C6H12O6.

Trans-2-butene's C=C double bond can be indicated by IR absorption signals of C-H stretching near 3100 cm⁻¹ for the =CH₂ group, 3020 cm⁻¹ for the –CH= group and C-H out-of-plane bending near 915 cm⁻¹ and 1000 cm⁻¹

To indicate the presence of a C=C double bond in trans-2-butene despite the absence of a distinct signal in the double bond region of the infrared spectrum (1600–1850 cm−1), one would look for other characteristic IR absorption signals. These include the C-H stretching vibrations associated with alkenes, found around 3100 cm⁻¹ for the =CH2 group and around 3020 cm⁻¹ for the –CH= group. Additionally, the out-of-plane bending vibrations of the C-H bonds at the terminal =CH2 group occur near 915 cm⁻¹ and those of the –CH= grouping near 1000 cm⁻¹. These peaks would be indicative of the alkenic C-H bonds as opposed to alkane C-H stretches, which occur at slightly different frequencies.

When the Earth experienced a high tide at 6 a.m, the approximate time will the next low tide occur will be C. 12 noon, because the coastline will turn 90 degrees from the moon.

It should be noted that all around the world, the water is rising and falling at a point. When, it rises, it's known a a high tide.

In this case, when it falls, it's know a a slow tide. The low tide occurs on every 12 hours which is 6 hours after the high tides. Therefore, the correct option is C.

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The next low tide will occur at 12 Noon, because the coastline will turn 90 degrees from the moon.

Explanation:

All around the world, along the coastlines, it can be noticed that everyday the water is rising at some points, and then it is retracting at some points. When the water rises it is called a high tide, while when the water is retracting it is called low tide. Both of these tides occur twice every day.

In this case, we have a high tide occurring at 6 AM, meaning that the other high tide will occur at 6 PM, when the moon circles by 180 degrees from the coastline. The low tide also occurs on every 12 hours, which occurs roughly 6 hours after the high tides, so in this case the low tides will occur at 12 Noon and at 12 Midnight. There are variations among the tides, depending on the relative position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun towards each other, some being:

When 352 g of Fe₂O₃ reacts with excess CO, it produces 4.41 mol of Fe.

To determine how much Fe (iron) is produced when 352 g of Fe₂O₃ reacts with excess CO, follow these steps:

Calculate moles of Fe₂O₃:

The molar mass of Fe₂O₃ is 159.7 g/mol.

Moles of Fe₂O₃ = 352 g / 159.7 g/mol = 2.20 mol Fe₂O₃.

Determine the mole ratio of Fe₂O₃ to Fe using the balanced equation:

The balanced equation is Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 3CO₂ + 2Fe.

1 mol of Fe₂O₃ produces 2 mol of Fe.

Calculate moles of Fe produced:

Moles of Fe = 2.20 mol Fe₂O₃ * 2 mol Fe / 1 mol Fe₂O₃ = 4.40 mol Fe.

Convert moles of Fe to grams:

The molar mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol.

Mass of Fe = 4.40 mol * 55.85 g/mol = 245.74 g of Fe.

The correct answer is option 1: 4.41 mol Fe.

To calculate the molality of a 48.0% glycerol solution, take 48.0% of a 100g sample as glycerol (48.0g), find the moles of glycerol, and then divide by the mass of water in kilograms. The resulting molality of the solution is 10.02 mol/kg.

To calculate the molality of a glycerol solution that is 48.0% glycerol by mass with a density of 1.120 g/ml, we can follow these steps:

Determine the mass of glycerol and water in a given volume of the solution.

Convert the mass of glycerol to moles using its molar mass.

Calculate the molality using the definition that molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (water).

Let's assume we have 100 grams of this solution to make the calculation straightforward. Since the solution is 48.0% glycerol by mass, we have 48.0 g of glycerol and 52.0 g of water. The molar mass of glycerol, C₃H₈O₃, is approximately 92.09 g/mol. Therefore, the moles of glycerol are calculated as:

48.0 g C₃H₈O₃ / 92.09 g/mol = 0.521 moles C₃H₈O₃

The mass of water needs to be in kilograms for the molality calculation:

52.0 g water * 1 kg/1000 g = 0.052 kg water

Finally, the molality of the glycerol solution can be calculated as:

0.521 moles C₃H₈O₃ / 0.052 kg water = 10.02 m

Now, to express the molality in the standard unit of mol/kg, we use the previously calculated values. Thus, the molality of the solution would be 10.02 mol/kg.

A waxing moon means that the moon is increasing in the illuminated portion visible from Earth, growing each day from a new moon to a full moon. In contrast, the waning moon is decreasing in illumination following the full moon.

A waxing moon indicates that the moon is increasing or growing larger. This occurs during the portion of the lunar cycle from the new moon to the full moon. As the moon waxes, the lighted portion that is visible from Earth gets larger each day. For example, during the waxing gibbous phase, more than half but less than all of the moon's near side is illuminated, and it keeps growing until it is a full moon.

In contrast, a waning moon is one that is decreasing or growing smaller, which happens during the portion of the lunar cycle when the lighted portion seen from Earth gets smaller each day after the full moon. Notably, the waxing and waning periods of the lunar cycle each last about 14.8 days within the roughly 29.5-day lunar month.

The list includes elements (Oxygen Gas, Platinum), compounds (Carbon dioxide gas, Silver nitrate), homogeneous mixtures (Chicken broth, Salt water, Sprite), and heterogeneous mixtures (Peanut butter and Jelly sandwiches, Muddy water, 14 k gold).

Here are the classifications for each item listed:

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Answer:

Aluminium.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the most appropriated metal turns out being the Aluminum since  it is higher in the activity series than nickel. Don't forget that activity series is an empirical tool used to predict products in displacement reactions and reactivity of metals with water and acids in replacement reactions and ore extraction.

Best regards.