beets are red. what color is being reflected from the beets?

Answer:

1. Metaphase

2. Prophase

3. Telophase

4. Interphase

5. Interphase

6. Interphase

7. Anaphase

8. Interphase

9. Telophase

10. Metaphase

11. Interphase

12. Interphase

13. Interphase

14. Interphase

15. Prophase

16. Interphase

17. Metaphase

18. Anaphase

19. Interphase

20. Interphase

21. Prophase

22. Interphase

Explanation:

The cell cycle is divided into two main divisions. The Interphase ad the M phase or the Mitotic phase.

Throughout Interphase, the cell is not dividing yet, but it is preparing to divide. It synthesizes the nutrients it will need, and grows in preparation to become two cells. This is actually the phase the cell spends the longest time.

Mitotic phase is when the cell starts to divide. It is separated into:

Prophase:

In this phase the chromosomes are condensed and mitotic spindles start to form. These spindles are made up of microtubules that will help later on to split the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane disappears so that the chromosomes will be free to move.

Metaphase

This phase is marked by the alignment of the chromosomes in the middle of the cell. They line up and you will find the asters at the opposite ends of the cell, where the microtubules stem from, attaching themselves to the center of the chromosomes, which we call the kinetochore.

Anaphase

In this phase you will see that the chromosomes are separated by the spindle fibers and are pulled at opposite ends of the cell. The cell then becomes longer by the other spindle fibers that are not attached to a chromosome.

Telophase

This phase is the end phase. The two sets of chromosomes are then enclosed by new nuclear membranes forming two nuclei and other cellular structures just as the cells are about to separate completely. As the two new cells move further apart, in plant cells a cell plate forms, dividing the two cells. The movement of the two cells splitting apart is called cytokinesis and it happens just as mitosis is about to end.

Attached is a picture of the cell cycle of a plant cell.

In the plant cell cycle, the numbered stages typically include Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Each stage carries out specific tasks for cell division and growth.

The sequence of the numbered stages in the plant cell cycle typically follows this order:

FINA could possibly refer to the final phase or stage, but without further context, it's difficult to ascertain its meaning in this situation.

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Answer:

karyotype is the array of chromosomes possessed by a certain specie or by an individual.

it can be used to study human chromosome by facilitating information on the type or array of the chromosomes, hence knowing the data, characteristics and effects of such a chromosome

Explanation:

Answer:

Crossing over and independent assortment

Explanation:

Meiosis can be described as a type of cell division which occurs in the sex cells. All the other cells of the body divide by mitosis.

During the process of meiosis, crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes takes place which is the reason for the genetic variety produced in offsprings.

During crossing over, exchange of DNA segment between homologous chromosomes occur due to which genetic variations occur.

Also, the chromosomes assort independently in gametes during the process of meiosis due to which genetic variability is produced.

Explanation:

Each codon codes for only one amino acid.

However, for one amino acid, multiple  codons maybe encoded. While there are 64 codons, and four nucleotides in groups of three, only 20 amino acids may be encoded by these triplets, showing that the code is degenerate.

RNA codons determine certain amino acids, so the order in which the bases occur within in the codon sequence designates which amino acid is to be made bus with the four RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Guanine, Cysteine and Uracil). Up to 64 codons (with 3 as stop codons) determine amino acid synthesis. The stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA) terminate amino acid/ protein synthesis while the start codon AUG begins protein synthesis.

Further Explanation:

The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand. These are then translated into proteins in ribosomes; RNA codons determine certain amino acids, so the order in which the bases occur within in the codon sequence designates which amino acid is to be made bus with the four RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Guanine, Cysteine and Uracil). Up to 64 codons (with 3 as stop codons) determine amino acid synthesis. The stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA) terminate amino acid/ protein synthesis while the start codon AUG begins protein synthesis.

Nucleic acids like DNA stores all of an organism’s genetic information. Nucleic acid molecules comprise the nitrogenous bases Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine. Conversely, RNA nucleotides are Adenine, Guanine, Cysteine and Uracil. These pair up as base pairs due to their varied structure- largely influenced by the location of N molecule.

In certain combinations, these bases form codons which act as instructions for protein synthesis. Codons are three nucleotide bases encoding an amino acid or signal at the beginning or end of protein synthesis. Thus, these contribute to the broad diversity of living organisms, as varied combinations of these 64 codons can produce many proteins which can be organized into cells, tissues and organisms.

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Each codon, made up of three nucleotides, codes for one amino acid. But due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, most amino acids are specified by multiple codons, with a total of 64 possible codons and only 20 common amino acids.

Each codon is composed of three nucleotides and codes for a single amino acid. However, the genetic code is degenerate, meaning that most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. There are 64 possible codons, but only 20 common amino acids. Among these codons, 61 code for amino acids and the remaining 3 are stop codons that signal the end of protein synthesis. The degeneracy primarily occurs in the third nucleotide of the codon, which is often referred to as the wobble position. Notably, the amino acids methionine (AUG) and tryptophan (UGG) are the only two encoded by a single codon each. This characteristic of the genetic code helps to protect against mutations that might otherwise be harmful if the code were not redundant.

Answer:

The correct option is A. Higher stomatal density would increase the amount of carbon incorporated into RuBP.

Explanation:

Stomata can be described as tiny structures present in the leaves of a plant which open and close to allow gaseous exchange. They might be present in the stems of some plants as well. The opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by a specialized type of cells which are known as the guard cells.

Option A is correct because it is the only option that correctly relates the function of the stomata.

Answer:

A. Higher stomatal density would increase the amount of carbon incorporated into RuBP.

Explanation:

The above explanation is correct.

Half of the total number of Opals children (50%) will have blue hair.

When an Oompah with purple hair (Pr) marries an Opal with blue hair (rr) out of the four children born two will have blue hair as represented by the below table.

From the table we find that two children are born with the dominant (purple) trait and two with the recessive (blue) trait. Allele is the other word for trait defined by Gregor Mendel in his Law of Segregation. Dominant allele is visible and recessive allele is masked.  

This point mutation in the sex cell of the rabbit by the heart muscle building protein would cause death of the rabbit.  

Explanation:

Adult transgenic rabbits are used to represent human race to experiment different diseases and syndromes of humans. One such experiment is conducted to identify the cardiovascular disease and cardiac rhythm syndrome, known as LQT syndrome.

This disease leads to the cardiac death of patient the human mutants- KCNQ1, KCNH2, which causes this syndrome were represented by rabbits. This gene is overexpressed in the rabbit’s cardiomyocytes through the heavy chain of β-myosin. The LQT2 affected rabbits showed more prolongation of QT and increase in death.

Explanation:

 - Proteins

The nucleus is a large membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic information, DNA, in the cell.  Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles and comprise the genotype. DNA is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins.  These proteins, when expressed, are referred to as an organism's phenotype.

Further Explanation:

All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. Chromosomes within the nucleus is unwound, unzipped and read by enzymes in a complex series of steps known as transcription. The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand. These are then translated into proteins in ribosomes.

Large chains of monomers form biological macromolecules which carry out many essential functions in the body these can include nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. These are organic molecules, meaning they're ringed or long-chain Carbons bonded to the elements oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).

Proteins are structural support molecules comprised of long chains of amino acids joined via peptide (CONH) bonds; these are 20 specific units that are arranged into several macromolecules. Amino acids are absorbed through digestion and are incorporated into the body’s cells to make up organs muscles signal molecules and an alternative energy source.

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Without knowing the exact blood types (ABO and Rh) of Lisa and the men, it's not possible to definitively rule any man out as being Lisa's father or potential blood donors. However, a man with Type O, Rh- blood could donate blood to virtually anyone, including Lisa.

To answer all three questions regarding Lisa's potential father and the men that can donate blood to Lisa, we would require the ABO and Rh types of both Lisa and the potential fathers. The basic principle is that a person of a specific blood type can receive blood only from his own type or type O (universal donor), and a person with an Rh- blood cannot receive Rh+ blood but vice versa is possible.

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Final answer:

Water is crucial to life due to its unique properties such as high specific heat, low density as ice, polarity, and role as a universal solvent. These properties enable temperature regulation, solvent capabilities, metabolic reactions, and maintenance of homeostasis within living organisms.

Explanation:

Water is essential to life largely due to its unique properties. Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds make it an ideal medium for biological processes. These bonds are responsible for water's high specific heat, which allows it to absorb heat without a significant change in temperature, protecting living organisms from drastic temperature swings. The density of water plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, as ice, being less dense than liquid water, floats and provides insulation.

As a universal solvent, water can dissolve a wide range of substances, which is vital for cellular metabolism and transporting nutrients and waste materials. The cohesive and adhesive properties of water contribute to the movement of water against gravity in plants and the formation of droplets. Lastly, water's role in homeostasis is seen in its ability to buffer changes in pH, which is essential for the function of enzymes and other biochemical reactions.

Understanding the special properties of water is fundamental in comprehending how it supports life on Earth, from cellular functions to global climate patterns.

Correct answer

A. Dishwasher Detergent

Explanation:

Dangers of Using Dishwashing Detergents will cause multiple carcinogens.

Carcinogens are things that can cause cancer, usually in the form of chemicals, viruses, or even drugs and radiation used to treat cancer itself. In essence, what causes cancer can be called a carcinogen. In general, cancer is caused by carcinogens or a combination of carcinogens themselves. Carcinogens can work in many ways, namely directly damaging DNA in cells, causing abnormalities in normal cells, and another way is by causing cell damage that causes cells to divide more quickly, which in turn can lead to the development of cancer.

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Details:

Grade: Middle School

Subject: Biology

Keywords: Carciongens, Cancer

Answer:

B : Oven cleaner

Explanation:

Answer:

Because DNA is the one which is responsible for provision of Codes neccessary for protein synthesis

Answer:

Because DNA will be responsible for the next steps that will lead to the production of proteins, therefore, if there are errors in the DNA, the entire transcription and translation process will be compromised.

Explanation:

DNA has the formulas to form all the proteins in the body, each segment of DNA has a set of genes that indicate the order of placement of each amino acid, how many and which amino acids are used to form a certain protein, with a certain function. If there are errors in the DNA, the entire production of amino acids will be compromised, whereas errors in the production of proteins compromise only that protein.

A gene is what encodes a specific enzyme or protein. The genome is all encoded human genetic material, that is, it is all base pairs present in DNA.

The chromosome is a grouping of genes, that is, it is a strand of DNA condensed into historical proteins. A codon is just a crack of base pairs, and each crack represents an amino acid.

Question:

Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance?

A. All traits are inherited through patterns found by Mendel.

B. When individuals with the genotype BB cross, all of the offspring have brown fur.

C. When pea plants that are heterozygous for a certain trait cross, some of the offspring express both distinct versions of the trait.

D. Human feet come in a wide range of sizes.

Answer:

Human feet come in a wide range of sizes is an example of a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance

Explanation:

The Mendelian pattern of inheritance says single gene loci governs the physical feature of an organism or a trait. In two alternate form single genes are present i.e. recessive and dominant allele. This shows a particular trait like small or tall in pea plant. The variation of size of human feet shows the polygenic trait (depicting the variation) that is known to be controlled by more than two genes, so the human feet size variation is the non mendelian pattern of inheritance.  

The word equation that summarizes the hydrolysis of a carbohydrate is presented in option C, which shows: sucrose + water-glucose + fructose.

What is hydrolysis?

The hydrolysis of carbohydrate is an important process through which living beings obtain quick energy for other metabolic processes. As the name suggests, hydrolysis requires water to come into contact with the carbohydrate, sucrose, for example, reacting with the molecule and releasing other molecules.

Full question:

Which word equation summarizes the hydrolysis of a carbohydrate

A. starch + water-glycerol + fatty acids

B. glycerol + fatty acids - triglyceride + water

C. sucrose + water-glucose + fructose

D. amino acids + oxygen

starch + water

The answer is the 2nd sentence. This is because all living things come from other living things, due to reproduction, which is what the cell theory is based off of.

Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells that come from other living cells is statement that best describes cell theory.

The cell theory, applied to biology, is responsible for identifying and describing the properties of cells, holding that all living things can be made up of a single cell or several.

The cell is considered the basic unit of life, which through a process in which cells are split or divided, gives way to the existence of new cells.

This indicates that every cell originates from the division of another cell and therefore contains the necessary genetic information within themselves.

Therefore, we can conclude that the cell theory indicates the cell as a unit of origin, being the basic unit of life, the only unit from which others can be born and being necessarily from a pre-existing one.

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In sickle cell anemia, the sixth amino acid in the beta chain is valine instead of glutamic acid due to a single nucleotide change. This substitution changes the protein's structure and function, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape.

Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

The process that is used by producers to make glucose is called photosyntheis and the chemical process used by both producers ans consumers to make ATP ito contribute to the energy exchange is called cellular respiration.

Explanation:

Photosynthsis

Photosynthesis occue in the mesophyll tissue present in  leaves of plants .During photosynthesis the green plants or producers acquires CO2 from the atmosphere and utilizes water in presence of sunlight to produce glucose molecules along with the liberation of oxygen gas.

Cellular respiration

During cellular respiration the glucose molecules are oxidized to form energy in form of ATP along with the production of water and carbon dioxide.

    The O2 that formed during photosynthesis is inhaled by human beings for respiration whereas the CO2 that is produced as waste material inside our body is exhaled by us in the atmosphere.The CO2 is then used by the green plants to carry out photosynthesis.

Plants use photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen, and both plants and animals use cellular respiration to turn glucose into ATP, energy. The products of photosynthesis, glucose and oxygen, and the products of cellular respiration, ATP, carbon dioxide and water, contribute to the cycle of energy exchange in ecosystems.

Part A - The chemical process used by producers, such as plants, to make glucose is called photosynthesis. This process uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. On the other hand, both consumers (animals) and producers (plants) use a chemical process called cellular respiration to convert glucose into a form of energy known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Part B - The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used as a form of energy during cellular respiration to create ATP, and the oxygen is used by consumers in their own process of cellular respiration. The products of cellular respiration are ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. The ATP provides energy for various biological processes, while carbon dioxide and water are waste products or are used in other processes like photosynthesis.

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Answer and Explanation:

The determination of DNA technologies that allows for each of the following scenarios are as follows:

DNA technology may be defined as the process of sequencing, analysis, and cutting-and-pasting of DNA within the organisms or in vitro. Common forms of DNA technology include DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, DNA cloning, and gel electrophoresis.

The process of identification of Y chromosomes in humans determines the maleness. In other words, it represents a correct identification of father and son. PCR stands for Polymerase chain reaction. It involves a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA.

While mtDNA is the DNA that is specifically located in the region of the mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate.

Therefore, The determination of DNA technologies that allows for each of the following scenarios is well described above.

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Final answer:

DNA fingerprinting is the technology used to identify individuals for paternity testing, criminal investigations, and missing person identification by analyzing variations in DNA sequences.

Explanation:

The DNA technology used to identify a correct father, a suspect using a small sample of evidence, and a missing person is commonly known as DNA fingerprinting or genetic fingerprinting. This technology analyses the variability in DNA sequences to match individuals with biological samples. For paternity tests, technicians compare DNA sequences from the mother, child, and potential father. In forensic cases, geneticists compare the DNA from crime scene evidence to that of suspects to find a match.

DNA fingerprinting is incredibly powerful because it utilizes the parts of human DNA that show high variability, meaning those sequences that are likely to be different in each individual, except for identical twins. The process typically involves amplifying a specific region of DNA, often using a method called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and then separating and analyzing the DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis.

Furthermore, the use of restriction enzymes allows DNA molecules to be cleaved at specific points, making the analysis more precise. DNA collected from various sources such as hair, blood, or saliva, can uniquely identify individuals, establishing relationships or linking suspects to crime scenes based on their unique genetic makeup.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Mitosis is a form of reproduction in simple living organisms. The outcome of mitosis is two identical daughter cells, and it follows the process described in the prompt. It doesn't require genetic material from another organism, so it's asexual reproduction.

The correct option is (b) . Meiosis; asexual reproduction

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Answer:

population

explanation:

Answer:

community

Explanation:

Answer:

Purple : white = 3:1

Explanation:

Answer:

Viruses cannot be cultured in media like, bacteria, but in a living cells.

Explanation:

In order to identify a virus the following techniques are performed: PCR (single round) or nested/semi-nested PCR, real-time PCR, direct electronic microscopy, antigen capture, isolation (gold standard for viruses that can be cultured). Viruses cannot be cultured in media like, bacteria, but in a living cells.

Virus culture is based upon amplification of potentially infectious pathogens. Implies intracellular replication of viruses in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. It is controlled by regulations (i.e. bio-safety level 2, 3 or 4). It is possible to identificate and further investigate for pathogenicity, and antiviral sensitivity.

The primary cell culture is developed directly from living tissue and contain several different kinds of cells. They are expensive as they cannot be subcultured (passaged) more than a few times and hence new tissue needs to be obtained from animals on a regular basis. One example of a primary cell line is chicken embryo fibroblasts.

Diploid cell lines can be subcultured about 100 times before they die. Much more useful in the laboratory and they can be stored indefinitely in liquid nitrogen. An example of this type is human embryonic fibroblasts.

Continuous cell lines have lost the normal constraints on cell growth such as contact inhibition and mortality. They can be subcultured indefinitely in vitro. They are Hep-2, HeLa (from human cancers) and VERO (from Green African monkey kidney).

In order to obtain suitable specimens it is necessary to identify specimens with suitable information and to evaluate the success percent of the process. Transport attributes are 4⁰C,-20⁰C, dry ice (-79⁰C). According to the protocol, in vitro/in vivo cell cultures are used. There are blood specimens, stool, throat swabs, naso-pharyngeal aspirat, urine, saliva and biopsy of certain areas.  

Virus detection may be non specific (cytopathogenic effect – microscope) or specific (immunological detection – antigen detection, PCR etc.).

Viral load estimation I performed by titration and/or plaque assay.

The most common culture limitations are the absence of detection system for the agent, inappropriate culture systems, viruses that cannot be cultured, a negative viral culture results does not mean that the agent is absent (PCR).

Answer:

A solution that can help to reduce noise pollution caused by things such as pile-driving is air-bubble curtain.

Explanation:

Answer:

This historical data could have helped with the development of Tokyo’s new flood protection system:

Explanation:

In the seven-generation pedigree, there are seven individuals with blue skin, including Martin, his two daughters, two sons (one being Zach), Luna, and Benjy.

Let's break down the information further based on the provided hint:

1. Martin: The first individual with blue skin.

2. Martin's two daughters: Two more individuals in the second generation.

3. Martin's two sons (one is Zach): Two additional individuals in the second generation, one of whom is named Zach.

4. Luna: One individual in the third generation.

5. Benjy: One individual in the fourth generation.

If we count these individuals from each generation, we have a total of seven individuals with blue skin across the seven generations:

1. Martin (1st generation)

2. Martin's two daughters (2nd generation)

3. Martin's two sons (one is Zach) (2nd generation)

4. Luna (3rd generation)

5. Benjy (4th generation)

So, the seven individuals with blue skin span across these generations in the given pedigree.

By counting the blue symbols across all seven generations in the pedigree chart, we can determine the number of individuals with blue skin, as blue represents those with the genotype aa.

We need to identify individuals with the genotype aa. Pedigree charts represent affected individuals with specific colors, in this case, blue denotes individuals with blue skin. By carefully examining the chart and counting each blue symbol across all seven generations, we can determine the number of individuals with blue skin.

Overall, the process involves:

With this approach, you can accurately count and determine the number of individuals exhibiting the blue skin trait.

Answer:

Wow this is almost a year ago, anyway if u see this have a nice day :D

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

DNA is a double-strandard molecule, while RNA is a single-stranded. DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring.

The difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA is double- stranded while RNA is single stranded.

DNA is a hereditary material which is present in human beings as well as all other living organisms.  Every cell which is present in an organism's body has DNA  which is the same. Most of the DNA is situated in the cell's nucleus  and small amount of it can be found in the cell's mitochondria as well.

Information which is stored in DNA is stored as codes made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine, thymine , cytosine and guanine.Human DNA consists of 3 billion bases .The order of the bases determines information which is required for building and maintaining an organism.

DNA bases are capable of pairing up with each other. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs up with cytosine .Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule  and a phosphate group. A base, phosphate  sugar are together called as nucleotides.

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Answer:

50% Bb and 50% bb

Explanation:

       B       b

b     Bb     bb

b     Bb     bb

therefore the genotype percentage for Bb: bb is 50:50%

the phenotype is 2 brown: 2 white