The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, because matter is not created or destroyed in the reaction.
What did Antoine Lavoisier’s experiments demonstrate
Answer: Mass is neither lost nor gained during a chemical change.
Explanation:
Antoine Lavoisier’s Law of Conservation of Mass:
'In a chemical reaction the mass can neither be created and nor be destroyed'.
In a chemical reaction the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products which means that the mass remain conserved.
For Example: In a chemical reaction:
[tex]2H_2+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O[/tex]
Mass of reactants = Mass of products
Mass of hydrogen molecule + mass of oxygen molecule = Mass of water
[tex]2\times (1)(2)+ 1\times (16)(2)= 2\times((1)(2)+(16)(1))=36[/tex]
From this we can see that the mass remains conserved in the chemical reaction.
Antoine Lavoisier's experiments fundamentally transformed the field of chemistry, particularly through his work on the law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier's demonstrated that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, leading to the understanding that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. This was a groundbreaking realization, as it contradicted the then-prevalent phlogiston theory, which posited that substances contained a fire-like element.
Lavoisier also played a crucial role in identifying and naming elements, distinguishing between elements and compounds, and introducing a systematic chemical nomenclature. His careful measurements during experiments laid the groundwork for quantitative analysis in chemistry. By meticulously weighing reactants and products, he provided strong evidence for the conservation of mass, which is a foundational principle in modern chemistry.
How many total atoms are in 0.290 g of P2O5?
The total number of atoms in 0.290g of P2O5 is approximately 8.6 x 10^22.
Explanation:To find the total number of atoms in 0.290 g of P2O5, we need to first calculate the number of moles in the given mass. The molecular weight of P2O5 (Phosphorous pentoxide) is approximately 141.94 g/mol (2(30.97 g/mol for P) + 5(16.00 g/mol for O)). This allows us to calculate the moles: 0.290 g / 141.94 g/mol = 0.00204 mol of P2O5.
Since each molecule of P2O5 contains 7 atoms (2 P atoms and 5 O atoms), the number of atoms in one mole will be 7 x Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23). Therefore, for 0.00204 mol of P2O5, the total number of atoms will be 0.00204 mol x 7 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 8.6 x10^22 atoms.
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Upon landing, the 90.7 kg carbon fiber brakes of an airliner heat up 312∘C, producing heat. As the brakes start to cool back to their initial temperature, the heat is absorbed by the 123 kg rubber tires. Assuming that all of the heat is transferred from the brakes to the tires, what is the specific heat of the tires if their temperature rises 172∘C?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
Use 1.400Jg∘C for the specific heat of carbon fiber.
The calculation results in a specific heat of approximately 1.89 J/g°C.
To calculate the specific heat of the tires we first find the amount of heat absorbed by the brakes when they cool down.
Using the formula Q = mcΔT:
Heat absorbed by brakes Q = (90.7 kg)(1.400 J/g°C)(312°C)
Note that 1 kg = 1000 g, so we convert the mass of brakes from kg to grams.
Q = (90700 g)(1.400 J/g°C)(312°C) = 39930720 J
This same amount of heat is transferred to the tires. We can now calculate the specific heat of the tires.
Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change.
Rearranging the formula to solve for specific heat c:
c = Q / (mΔT)
Substituting Q = 39930720 J, m = 123000 g (since tires are 123 kg), and ΔT = 172°C:
c = 39930720 J / (123000 g * 172°C)
c = 39930720 J / 21156000 g°C
c = 1.89 J/g°C
The specific heat of the tires is approximately 1.89 J/g°C.
What chemical element did hennig brand discover and what was he boiling down when he discovered it
an atom of gallium has 31 proton and a mass number of 70 what is the atomic number for an atom of gallium
Hello!
Atomic Number, is the number where the atom lays on the perodic table and can be found through the number of protons. Meaning that gallium has an atomic number of 31 !
Atomic weight, which is equal to 70 in this case, can be found by subtracting the atomic number from that total to find the remaining number of neutrons that make up the mass. So gallium has 31 protons and 39 protons.
Hope this helps answer your question.
Answer: The correct answer is 31.
Explanation:
Atomic number is defined as the number of protons or electrons that are present in a neutral atom.
Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons
Mass number is defined as the sum of number of protons and neutrons that are present in an atom.
Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
We are given:
Number of protons = 31
Mass number = 70
Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons = 70 - 31 = 39
Atomic number will be equal to the number of protons present in an atom which is 31
Hence, the correct answer is 31.
A system is a group of related parts with specific roles that work together to achieve an observed result. Seeds, soil, a plow, and a large field are parts of what type of system?
A.
an agricultural system
B.
an organ system
C.
a legal system
D.
an urban system
Answer - A. an agricultural system
Explanation - Anything that has two or more parts working together is a type of system. Some systems, such as toothbrushes, are very simple because they only have a few parts. Other systems, such as farms, can be very complex because they have hundreds of different parts. The components of a system play different roles in the system.
Plus study island:D
Final answer:
Seeds, soil, a plow, and a large field are part of an agricultural system, which relates to the cultivation and management of crops, unlike an organ system that pertains to biological organisms.(Option A)
Explanation:
Seeds, soil, a plow, and a large field are components that are interconnected to create a specific outcome, which in this case is agricultural production. Therefore, these elements are part of an agricultural system. This system involves the cultivation and management of crops or livestock, and includes a variety of processes and resources to sustain and enhance the production cycle.
It is distinctly different from an organ system, which pertains to biological organisms and consists of organs working together to perform complex functions. Organ systems are found in both animals and plants, with animals having systems like the digestive or skeletal system, and plants having shoot and root systems.
Is making lemonade a physical or a chemical change?
Explain why?
Making lemonade is a chemical change because once the ingredients are mixed together they cannot be seperated.
Making lemonade is a chemical change.
How do we explain?In a physical change, the composition of the substance does not change. For example, if you melt a piece of ice, the ice changes from a solid to a liquid, but the water molecules that make up the ice are still the same.
In a chemical change, the composition of the substance does change. For example, when you make lemonade, you are combining sugar, lemon juice, and water to create a new substance with different properties. The sugar and lemon juice molecules react with each other to form new molecules of sucrose and citric acid.
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What process uses atomic particles and uranium to determine exact age ?
the decay of the neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
The process of radiometric dating uses the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 to determine the age of ancient rocks.
U-238 decays to stable Pb-206 largely by the emission of α particles, with a half-life of about 4.5 × 10⁹ a.
Thus, geologists can determine the age of rocks by measuring the relative amounts of U-238 and Pb-206.
However, the method is not “exact”.
The rock must be more than ten million years old so that enough uranium can decay to make the amount of lead measurable.
The age uncertainty for 100-million-year-old rocks ranges from 100 000 a
to 3 000 000 a.
The error margin for older rocks, say, 2.5 billion years old, can be as low
as 2 000 000 a. That’s a long time, but it’s an uncertainty of less than 0.1 %.
Coal is made of carbon. Coal burns at high temperature in the presence of oxygen. The result of this chemical reaction is
c +o 2 = co 2 i think....hopefully its not wrong
What set of compounds illustrates the law of multiple proportions. A. N2O, NO, NO2
B. NaCl, NaBr, Nal.
C. CH4, CO, CCl4.
D. all of these
Hey There!
let see the definition of law of multiple proportions when two eliments combine to form more than one compound the mass of one element which combine with mass of other element is will always be a fixed ratio ,accordingly answer is first option.
Answer A : N2O , NO , NO2
Option A, N2O, NO, and NO2, are compounds that illustrate the law of multiple proportions, which states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Explanation:The set of compounds illustrating the law of multiple proportions is option A: N2O, NO, NO2. The law of multiple proportions, a basic principle of Chemistry, states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers. The compounds N2O, NO, and NO2 are all made up from Nitrogen and Oxygen, but in different ratios of whole numbers, thereby demonstrating this law. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), for example, both consist of nitrogen and oxygen, but the ratio of oxygen atoms per nitrogen atom in each compound is a simple integer ratio: 1:1 in NO, 2:1 in NO2.
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What is one chemical property of iron?
A) Iron is malleable.
B) The density of iron is 7.86 g/cc.
C) Iron combines readily with oxygen.
D) Iron is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
A chemical property of iron is its ability to combine with oxygen to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust; this process is known as corrosion. Therefore, the correct answer is that iron combines readily with oxygen "C".
The question asks about the chemical property of iron. Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. For iron, a key chemical property is its capability to combine with oxygen to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust. This process is part of a broader category of chemical changes known as corrosion. Unlike physical properties, which can be observed without changing the substance, chemical properties can only be seen as the substance is transformed into a different substance. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C) Iron combines readily with oxygen.
what is the strongest metal known to man? may mark brainliest
I'm pretty sure the strongest metal known to man is Tungsten.
Which of the following is a solution?
a) sand
b) salt water
c) orange juice
d) granola
State the law of conservation of mass. This law applies to physical changes as well as chemical changes. With this law in mind, explain what happens to the mass of 18 mL of liquid water when it vaporizes to form about 22 L of water vapor.
Final answer:
The law of conservation of mass implies that the mass remains constant in closed systems, during both physical and chemical changes. Therefore, when 18 mL of liquid water vaporizes to 22 L of water vapor, the mass remains unchanged despite the change in volume.
Explanation:
Law of Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of a closed system must remain constant over time, as system mass cannot change quantity if it is not added or removed. During physical and chemical changes, matter can change form, such as from a liquid to a gas, but the mass of the system remains the same. This means that if 18 mL of liquid water vaporizes to form about 22 L of water vapor, the mass of the water vapor will still be equal to the mass of the liquid water prior to vaporization.
Example of Conservation of Mass
In the example provided, when water is heated and changes from a liquid to a gas, it expands greatly in volume, but the total mass remains unchanged. Although 18 mL of water becomes 22 L of water vapor, this physical change does not result in a loss or gain of mass. This illustrates that during vaporization, a physical change, the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
The mass of the water remains constant at 18 grams before and after vaporization, in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system during a physical or chemical change. This means that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction must equal the total mass of the products. Similarly, when a physical change occurs, such as a change of state, the mass remains constant.
In the given scenario, 18 mL of liquid water vaporizes to form approximately 22 L of water vapor. To apply the law of conservation of mass, we need to consider the mass of the water before and after vaporization, not the volume. The density of water is approximately 1 gram per milliliter, so 18 mL of liquid water has a mass of about 18 grams.
When water vaporizes, it undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas, expanding in volume as it becomes less dense. However, the number of water molecules does not change during this process, and since mass is a measure of the amount of matter, the mass of the water vapor will be the same as the mass of the original liquid water.
Therefore, even though the volume of the water changes dramatically from 18 mL to 22 L, the mass of the water remains constant at 18 grams, in accordance with the law of conservation of mass. The volume increase is due to the water molecules spreading out to fill the available space as a gas, but the total mass of the water molecules themselves does not change.
What is the (a) frequency and (b) wavelength (in nm) of a source of purple light at the edge of the visible light spectrum?
Answer: a) [tex]Frequency=666\times10^{12}Hz-789\times10^{12}Hz[/tex]
b) [tex]Wavelength=380nm-450nm[/tex]
Explanation: Visible light is a form of electromagnetic wave.
Wavelength is defined as the distance between two successive crests of a wave. It is represented as symbol [tex]\lambda[/tex].
Frequency is defined as the number of complete cycles happening per second. It is represented by the symbol [tex]\nu[/tex].
Wavelength and Frequency follow inverse relation,
[tex]\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]
where, c = speed of light = [tex]3\times10^8m/s[/tex]
Wavelength and frequency of a wave is usually expressed in a range.
a) [tex]\text{Frequency of visible light}=666\times10^{12}Hz-789\times10^{12}Hz[/tex]
b) [tex]\text{Wavelength of visible light}=380nm-450nm[/tex]
What is the pH of a 0.28 M solution of ascorbic acid
Hey there!
Values Ka1 and Ka2 :
Ka1 => 8.0*10⁻⁵
Ka2 => 1.6*10⁻¹²
H2A + H2O -------> H3O⁺ + HA⁻
Ka2 is very less so I am not considering that dissociation.
Now Ka = 8.0*10⁻⁵ = [H3O⁺] [HA⁻] / [H2A]
lets concentration of H3O⁺ = X then above equation will be
8.0*10−5 = [x] [x] / [0.28 -x
8.0*10−5 = x² / [0.28 -x ]
x² + 8.0*10⁻⁵x - 2.24 * 10⁻⁵
solve the quardratic equation
X =0.004693 M
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = - log [ 0.004693 ]
pH = 2.3285
Hope that helps!
(PLEASE HELP will give first correct answer brainliest!!) Which option correctly describes glucose catabolism?
1. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis, yielding two ATP molecules; after the Krebs cycle, 34 molecules of ATP are formed in ETS reactions.
2. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis, yielding pyruvic acid; after the Krebs cycle, two molecules of ATP are formed in ETS reactions.
3. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis, yielding two ATP; after the Krebs cycle, NADH and FADH2 are formed, yielding NAD+ and FAD in ETS reactions.
4. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis, yielding pyruvic acid; after the Krebs cycle, NADH and FADH2 are formed, yielding 34 ADP in ETS reactions.
Missing words please help me
The first one is 206 then move, body, then protects, calcium,strong,blobs
What is the predicited order of first ionization energies from highest to lowest for lithium sodium potassium and rubidium
The predicted order of ionization energies is Li > Na > K > Rb
Atomic size increases as you go down a Group (see image). We are adding electrons to increasingly larger shells.
The valence electrons are further from the attraction of the nucleus, so they are less tightly held.
Thus, Li has the highest ionization energy and Rb the lowest.
what is the answer for this thing below? and how you've done it.
[tex]8x - 9 = 8[/tex]
To solve this, first add 9 on both sides.
8x-9+9=8+9
8x=17
Then divide both sides by 8 to find the value of x.
[tex]\frac{8x}{8}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{17}{8}[/tex]
x=[tex]\frac{17}{8}[/tex]
The final answer is x=[tex]\frac{17}{8}[/tex] or 2.125.
7.321 mg of an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was analyzed by combustion. The amount of carbon dioxide produced was 17.873 mg and the amount of water produced was 7.316 mg. Determine the empirical formula of the compound.
The molecular formula is C₄H₈O.
We must calculate the masses of C, H, and O from the masses given.
Mass of C = 17.873 mg CO₂ × (12.01 mg C/44.01 mg CO₂) = 4.8774 mg C
Mass of H = 7.316 mg H₂O × (2.016 mg H/18.02 mg H₂O) = 0.818 48 mg H
Mass of O = Mass of compound - Mass of C - Mass of H
= (7.321 – 4.8774 – 0.818 48) mg = 1.6251 mg
Now, we must convert these masses to moles and find their ratios.
From here on, I like to summarize the calculations in a table.
Element m/mg n/mmol Ratio Integers
C 4.877 4 0.406 11 3.9984 4
H 0.818 48 0.811 99 7.9944 8
O 1.625 1 0.101 57 1 1
The empirical formula is C₄H₈O.
A mixture in which the particles are distributed evenly, but particles keep their properties.
a) element
b) heterogenous mixture
c) homogenous mixture
d) compound
Answer: Homogeneous mixture
Explanation:
Element: It is a substance made up from only one type of atom. It is not a mixture.
Heterogeneous mixture: This is a mixture having two or more substances that are unevenly distributed. The substances can be easily separated.
Homogeneous mixture: This is a mixture having two or more substances that are evenly distributed. These cannot be easily separated. The substances retain their original properties.
Compound: It is a substance which is composed of two or more elements in a specific ratio. these are evenly distributed but in this the elements do not retain their original properties.
Hence, from the above points, it is easily justified that homogeneous mixtures are the ones, where the particles are evenly distributed and also retain their original properties.
What is the name of the compound CO?\
Carbon Monoxide would be the correct answer.
What elements are not balanced in the equation MgO + 2 LiCl = MgCl2 Li2O
The answer is all elements are balanced.
Answer: This is a balanced equation
An easy way to figure out if the equation is balanced or not is that each element in the R.H.S should be equal to the element in the L.H.S
R.H.S L.H.S
Mg = 1 Mg = 1
O = 1 O = 1
Li = 2 Li = 2
Cl = 2 Cl = 2
As both of them have equal number of elements they are balanced.
A 126.1-gram block of granite at 92.6°C is dropped into a tub of water at 24.7°C in an isolated system. The final temperature of both the granite and the water is 51.9°C. The specific heat capacity of granite is 0.795 joules/gram degree Celsius, and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.186 joules/gram degree Celsius.
The granite block transferred 1.____ of energy, and the mass of the water is 2.____ .Copy
1
A. 21,500 joules
B. 6,810 joules
C. 4,080 joulesCopy
2
A. 189 grams
B. 55.8 grams.
C. 35.8 grams
The granite block transferred 4080 J of energy, and the mass of the water is 35.8 g.
1. Energy from granite block
The formula for the heat (q) transferred is
q = mCΔT
m = 126.1 g; C = 0.795 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹; ΔT = T_f – T_i = 51.9 °C - 92.6 °C = -40.7 °C
∴ q = 126.1 g × 0.795 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹ × (-40.7 °C) = -4080 J
The granite block transferred 4080 J.
2. Mass of water
q = mCΔT
m = q/(CΔT)
q = 4080 J; C = 4.186 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹; ΔT = T_f – T_i = 51.9 °C – 24.7 °C = 27.2 °C
∴ m = 4080 J/(4.186 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹ × 27.2 °C) = 35.8 g
The mass of the water is 35.8 g.
The granite block transferred 4,080 joules of energy, and the mass of the water is 35.8 grams.
How we calculate heat transfer of any system?Heat transfer in any system can be calculated as follow:
q = mCΔT
Heat transfer by the granite block is calculated as follow:
q = mCΔT, where
m = mass of granite = 126.1 g (given)
C = specific heat of granite = 0.795 joules/gram degree Celsius (given)
ΔT = change in temperature of granite = 51.9 °C - 92.6 °C = -40.7 °C (given)
Putting all these values in the above equation, we get
q = 126.1 × 0.795 × -40.7 = -4080 J
Now by using the above formula, we can also calculate the mass of water in the following way:
m = q / CΔT, where
C = specific heat of water = 4.186 joules/gram degree Celsius (given)
ΔT = change in temperature of water = 51.9 °C – 24.7 °C = 27.2 °C
Putting all these values in the above equation, we get
m = -4080 / 4.186 × 27.2 = 35.8 g.
Hence, 4,080 joules of energy is transferred by granite block and 35.8 g is the mass of water.
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simplify(6x-9-2x)(8+5x-5)
A light wave travels at a speed of 3.0 × 108 meters/second. If the wavelength is 7.0 × 10-7 meters, what is the frequency of the wave?
c = f*L
If you cant remember this just consider the units of each (denoted [c] is units of c):
[c] = meters/second, [f] = 1/seconds or Hertz, [L] = meters
So [c] = [f*L], an easy way to remember it.
So to get the frequency, just solve for f:
f = c/L = (3.00 x 10^8)/(5.93 x 10^-7) m/s = 5.05902192 × 10^14 m/s ~ 5.06 x 10^14 m/s
Please help ASAP. I'm stuck on this one question. >.<
Which is a pure substance?
A. A mixture
B. A solution
C. a compound
C. A compound !hope this helps!
Im pretty sure the answer is C. a compound
How many moles are in 5.0 x 10^25 atoms of iron?
Hello!
To find the number of moles that are in the given amount, we need to divide the total number of atoms by Avogadro's number, which is 1 mole is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 atoms.
5.0 x 10^25 / 6.02 x 10^23 ≈ 83.0564
Therefore, there are about 83.06 moles of iron (sigfig: 83 moles).
The table below shows the commonly eaten foods of some organisms.
Commonly Eaten Foods List
Organism Commonly Eaten Foods
A vegetables, meat, chicken
B insects, fruits, seeds
C grasses, barks, twigs, acorns
D ladybugs, caterpillars, flies, mosquitoes
Which organisms are both primary and secondary consumers?
C and D
B and D
B and C
A and B
Answer: A. vegetables, meat, chicken
B. insects, fruits, seeds
Explanation:
A primary consumer is the trophic level in the food chain, which feeds upon the plants and other autotrophs. It includes all the herbivorous animals.
A secondary consumer is the trophic level in the food chain, which feeds upon the herbivorous animals. They are carnivores.
A and B are the two correct options. A will feed upon both plant and animal products such as vegetables and meat, and chicken respectively.
Also B also consumes over the plant products such as fruits and seeds and insects.
Organisms A (omnivore consuming vegetables, meat, chicken) and B (eating insects, fruits, seeds) function as both primary and secondary consumers in a food web. They consume both producers like plants and other consumers like insects.
Explanation:The commonly eaten foods of the organisms listed determine whether they are considered primary consumers, secondary consumers, or both. Organism A is an omnivore, consuming both plants and animals, making it both a primary and a secondary consumer. Organism B, which eats insects, fruits, and seeds, could also be considered both primary and secondary since it consumes plants and animals (insects). Organism C, which eats grasses, barks, twigs, and acorns, is primarily a primary consumer. Finally, Organism D, which eats other animals (ladybugs, caterpillars, flies, mosquitoes), is a secondary consumer.
Considering the options provided and the definitions of primary and secondary consumers, the correct pairing that identifies which organisms are both primary and secondary consumers is A and B. Organism C is only a primary consumer, and Organism D is only a secondary consumer.