Answer:
A. Cultures
Explanation:
In the middle east, spicyness is a flavor that all love and need. Up north in germany, and etc. Spicyness is not loved and is avoidable
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. Set point
Explanation:
Hello!
Let's solve this!
Let's analyze each of the options:
Cultures: cultures help the preferences of flavors, since the population since they begin to feed, begin to taste the flavors of cultures.
Body Chemistry: the chemistry of the body limits what flavors we like and which do not.
Set point: this option does not limit taste preferences.
Environmental factors: limits preferences because some foods depending on the area where they live are consumed or not, for example.
After the analysis, we conclude that the correct answer is option C. Set point
Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens to the diaphragm during an inhalation, when the lungs inflate?
A. The diaphragm contracts and flattens.
B. The diaphragm expands.
C. The diaphragm only moves during exhale.
D. The diaphragm returns to its resting state.
A.
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand.
Answer:
The correct answer is A. During an inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens.
Explanation:
In inhalation (incorporation of air into the body) the diaphragm muscle and the intercostal muscles contract. The diaphragm descends from its position and the intercostal muscles, as a consequence of the posture they adopt, elevate the ribs. When this happens, the volume of the rib cage increases together with the volume of the lungs, and more space is available. As the volume of the lungs rises, the air pressure in them decreases. Product of the pressure difference (now greater in the exterior) the air penetrates quickly through the respiratory tract to the inside of the lungs.
A collection of closely related animals or plants that share a similar genetic evolutionary history but cannot necessarily interbreed to produce fertile offspring is referred to as a _____. species genus tetraploid polyploid diploid
Answer:
Genus
Explanation:
Genus is a group of related plant or animal species. These group of species share a common evolutionary history which means that they are descended from a recent or distant common ancestor. These group of plant or animal species can not interbreed among themselves as the individuals of the different species can not interbreed to give rise to the fertile progeny.
Example: Solanum is a plant genus that includes many species such as nigrum, tuberosum, etc. The plants of S. nigrum and S. tuberosum can not interbreed in nature as they belong to different species.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?
Answer: Metaphase; chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate equidistant from the two spindle poles.
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell's two poles on a plane called the metaphase plate. At this stage, the chromosomes are at their peak condensation and sister chromatids are still closely bonded. Ready for the next phase, the microtubules plan to separate these chromatids, pulling each to opposite cell poles.
Explanation:The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles is called metaphase. Here, all of the chromosomes align on a plane named the metaphase plate, or equatorial plane, which is situated midway between cell's two poles. During metaphase, sister chromatids are still closely attached to each other by means of cohesin proteins. This stage also marks the point when the chromosomes reach their highest level of condensation.
Following this stage, the microtubules are prepared to pull these sister chromatids apart, moving one of each pair to opposing sides of the cell. This orderly process ensures that each daughter cell would receive an exact replication of the cell's DNA.
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Anybody know this?
The organ that produces the egg cell in the life cycle of the pine is called the:
ovules, antheridia, or archegonium
Answer:
Ovules
A
Explanation:
The ovule can be found on a megasporophyll, which itself is located on a scale. On each megasporophyll of the female strobilus two seeds can develop after fertilization. In each megasporangium (the female carrier of spores) a megasporocyte is present which leads to four megaspores after meiosis.
What are the receptors for static equilibrium?
The receptors for static equilibrium are mechanoreceptors located in the inner ear. They include hair cells with stereocilia which are found in the vestibule of the inner ear. These receptors detect gravity and linear acceleration, contributing to the individual's sense of balance.
Explanation:The receptors for static equilibrium are specific types of mechanoreceptors located in the inner ear. These receptors, known as hair cells with stereocilia, can sense head position, movement, and the body's motion. The hair cells are situated within the vestibule of the inner ear. Specifically, the utricle and saccule sense head position, and the semicircular canals sense head movement. These cells respond to static equilibrium stimuli including gravity and linear acceleration (such as when the head changes orientation or moves in a straight line). All the signals generated are transmitted through the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem and cerebellum, allowing the body to maintain balance.
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A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. What would be the order of the bases on the complementary strand of DNA?
Answer: Complementary strand of DNA will be thymine, Guanine,Guanine and cytosine.
Explanation: This is a process called DNA transcription, where DNA makes exact copies of itself during gene expression. DNA unwinds and parent DNA strand will make exact copies of itself resulting in two daughter strands. Complementary base pairs will be formed in a way that adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. This reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase enzyme.
During the 1950s, a scientist named Lysenko tried to solve the food shortages in the Soviet Union by breeding wheat that could grow in Siberia. He theorized that if individual wheat plants were exposed to cold, they would develop additional cold tolerance and pass it to their offspring. Based on the ideas of artificial and natural selection, do you think this project worked as planned?
A. Yes; the wheat probably evolved better cold tolerance over time through inheritance of acquired characteristics.
B. No, because Lysenko took his wheat seeds straight to Siberia instead of exposing them incrementally to cold.
C. No, because there was no process of selection based on inherited traits. Lysenko assumed thatexposure could induce a plant to develop additional cold tolerance and that this tolerance would be passed to the plant's offspring.
D. Yes, because this is generally the method used by plant breeders to develop new crops.
Answer:C
Explanation:
In order to draw a conclusion he needed to do an experiment based on his hypothesis first, then be able to conclude from his results if these breeds can real survive the cold weather.
smoking increases ____ levels in the blood, thus increasing the possibility of unwanted clotting.
Answer:
Increases homocysteine levels
Explanation:
Homocysteine is an aminoacid that is resent in our blood already. This is mostly increased in our blood due to increased consumption of meat and other potential reasons, such as smoking.
High level of this aminoacid are linked to the development of heart diseases. This is because a high homocysteine level causes development of heart diseases along with other risks of renerl diseases.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
Glucose Levels
Explanation:
Which of the following are characteristics of arthropods? 1. Protostome development 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. A pseudocoelom 4. Three embryonic germ layers 5. A closed circulatory system
Answer: 1. Protostome development./2. Bilateral symmetry/4. Three embryonic germ layers
Explanation:
Over 600 million years ago some animals invaded aquatic and terrestrial environments in the pre-Cambrian period. These animals were enforced by huge evolutionary irradiation, and now they occupy every environment on planet Earth. From tiny insects and crustaceans smaller than 1mm in length to giant crabs from Japan that can reach 3m (with open legs), the arthropods are found in all size models, with an estimated number of more than one million species described. Concerning characteristics they are - Bilateral, triploblastic( Three embryonic germ layers), prostomial. Internally and externally segmented body, divided into at least two regions, head, and abdomen; typically with a cephalic shield or carapace. Opened circulatory system; the dorsal heart is a muscle pump with lateral Ostia for blood return.
Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?
A) random fertilization of eggs by sperm
B) independent assortment of chromosomes
C) crossover of homologous chromosomes
D) age of either or both parents
Answer:
The correct answer is option d) age of either or both parents.
Explanation:
Genetic variation is the difference in nucleotide sequences between individuals organisms within a particular population. Variation can occur either in germ cells that are sperm and egg or in somatic cells or in both.
Random fertilization of egg and sperm can lead to genetic variation is every germ cell has a different set of chromosomes. Independent assortment of chromosomes is also the same as random fertilization as it is also random. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes is one of a major source of the genetic variation as it forms a new set of chromosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is option D) age of either or both parents.
1. One of the results of the new and current naming system is that
the scientist who discovers an organism gets to classify the organism
names are universal
the scientist who discovers an organism gets to decide how long the name for the organism should be
more than one name is used for an organism
Answer:
Names are universal
Explanation:
Current naming system that is followed all over the world is called binomial nomenclature. There are many significant and useful features of this classification system however one of the most important feature is the universality of the name.
The scientific names of organism are usually Latin derived and composed of two parts among which first is genus name and second is specie name.
For example: Rosa indica is the scientific name of Rose and it is same all over the world. Unlike common names we dont have to search for name to make others understand which flower we are talking about because if we know scientific name anyone can understand it.
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What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
Answer:
Sarcoplastic reticulum
Explanation:
The sarcoplastic reticulum is a structure found in muscle cells that stores calcium ions in skeletal muscles. They are made up of a network of smooth endoplasmic reticul (SER), that wrap around the myofibrils and help in transmitting electrical impulses that will determine whether the muscle will contract or not.
The structure in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores, releases, and retrieves calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.
Explanation:In the skeletal muscle cells, the structure that functions in calcium storage is known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that is responsible for storing, releasing, and retrieving calcium ions. The calcium ions stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are crucial for the process of muscle contraction.
The calcium ions get released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, referred to as sarcoplasm, where they bind to proteins that regulate the process of contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers. After the muscle contraction process is completed, ATP-dependent calcium pumps actively transport calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage and out of the cell.
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Parland’s alligator population has been declining in recent years, primarily because of hunting. Alligators prey heavily on a species of freshwater fish that is highly valued as food by Parlanders, who had hoped that the decline in the alligator population would lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. Yet the population of this fish species has also declined, even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the decline in the population of the fish species?
(A) The decline in the alligator population has meant that fishers can work in some parts of lakes and rivers that were formerly too dangerous.
(B) Over the last few years, Parland’s commercial fishing enterprises have increased the number of fishing boats they use.
(C) The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.
(D) Many Parlanders who hunt alligators do so because of the high market price of alligator skins, not because of the threat alligators pose to the fish population.
(E) In several neighboring countries through which Parland’s rivers also flow, alligators are at risk of extinction as a result of extensive hunting.
Answer:
(C) The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.
Explanation:
The ecosystems are complex systems, and removing one species of them, always has a chain reaction and affects the population of the other species, be it in a positive or negative manner. In this case, the alligators prey upon fish, multiple different species. The alligators though have been removed from the ecosystem, thus the apex predator exists no more. This has opened up the top predator niche in the food chain in this particular ecosystem. The predatory fish species had no predators of its own, so its population increased, thus it needed more food, and that food was obtained by hunting the other fish species, resulting in a decline in the population of the other species of fish. Only when the carrying capacity is reached in the ecosystem for the predatory fish, the population of the other fish will stop declining.
A garden aboard the International Space Station allows space scientists to research the growth of plants in space. This research is important because astronauts will need to grow their own food to survive long space journeys.
What challenges would you expect scientists to face when growing plants in space? What challenges will the astronauts have with meeting their own energy needs?
Scientists are also evaluating plants for gene mutations that would help them grow better in space environments. What traits could a plant have that would help it grow better in space?
Answer:
Some of the challenges that scientists might face in space when growing plants would be the fact that plants must have carbon dioxide to carry out their process, which is why they are grown in special chambers. It is true that the astronauts would put off some carbon dioxide, but perhaps not enough. You would also be trying to grow plants in a zero gravity environment, which they aren't accustomed to.
The astronauts would have to be able to provide an extremely large amount of food in order to meet their nutrition needs. There would have to be enough room to grow an adequate amount of food aboard the ship. The plants would also need to be able to produce more than one crop per growing.
If scientists could genetically modify plants to help them grow better in space, they would need to make them able to thrive in a low gravity setting. They would also need to try and engineer them to need less water to survive. They would need to be strong enough to survive the lift off when going into space. The plants would also need to be able to regenerate and produce vast quantities of food.
Explanation:
The challenges that you could expect scientists to face when growing plants in space are microgravity, limited space, light availability, etc.
Scientists are anticipated to confront many obstacles while cultivating plants in space:
Microgravity: The lack of gravity in space has an impact on plant growth and development. Space and resources are limited inside a spaceship or space station. Because sunlight is restricted in space, artificial lighting systems must be employed for photosynthesis.Temperature and humidity control: It is difficult to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity levels within a spacecraft's controlled environment.Astronauts, on the other hand, may encounter difficulties in satisfying their own energy requirements during extended space journeys:
Food supply is in short supply.
Nutritional necessities.
Energy use.
Plants with the following characteristics may grow better in space:
Dwarfism: Due to restricted vertical growth area and lower gravitational effects, plants with shorter height might be favourable in space.
Compact and efficient root systems: Plants with well-developed root systems that can absorb water and nutrients in tight locations will flourish in space habitats' limited root space.
Thus, scientists are currently researching and performing experiments to find and create plants with these desired features in order to increase the effectiveness of plant growth in space and enable astronauts to generate their own food sustainably during extended space trips.
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Bioinformatics includes _____. I. using computer programs to align DNA sequences II. creating recombinant DNA from separate species III. developing computer-based tools for genome analysis IV. using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems II and III I and II I, III, and IV II and IV
Answer: the correct answer is I, III and IV
Explanation:
Bioinformatics include using computer programs to align DNA sequences, developing computer-based tools for genome analysis and using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems.
If a sample of air contains 1 g/kg of water vapor and has a relative humidity of 25 percent at -5 degrees Celsius how much water vapor does it need to contain to be saturated?
A) 2 g/kg
B) 1 g/kg
C) 4 g/kg
D) 3 g/kg
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
As we know that
Relative humidity (RH) is defined as the ratio of amount of water vapor present in a given sample of air to the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by the same sample of air to attain saturation at a particular temperature .
Thus,
[tex]RH = \frac{X}{Y} \\[/tex]
Where X represents the current amount of water vapor present in a given sample of air
and Y represents the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by the same sample of air to attain saturation at a particular temperature
Substituting the given values in above equation we get -
[tex]0.25 = \frac{1 g/Kg}{Y} \\Y = \frac{1 g/Kg}{0.25} \\Y = 4 g/Kg[/tex]
Hence, option C is the correct answer
Summarize the steps of the scientific method.
Answer:
1) make an observation- what problems do you notice in the natural world? these probelms all have a solution, what do you think would be a way to solve them,
2) create a hypothesis- create an educated guess on how your solution to fix the problem will work, it must be highly specific and it cant be a yes or no answer
3) test the hypothesis- test to confirm your theory
4) draw conclusions- was this a good solution or not? why?
In primary production ________. oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs proteins are made by animals carbon dioxide is released into the water oxygen is utilized by plants there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
Answer:
There is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms
Explanation:
Primary production refers to the total biomass produced by producers. It mainly includes the organic matter produced by the photosynthetic activity of green plants using the energy of sunlight. Since the process of primary production includes the production of organic matter, the organic matter present in living beings is increased.
How has the eye accomplished correction for spherical aberrations? Fill in the blanks. The _____ is flatter at its ____ than at its ______, and the ______ is denser in the center and hence refracts more strongly at its core than at its outer layers.
Answer:
Cornea, margin, center, lens
Explanation:
Spherical aberration is defined as a class of aberration which is found in various optical systems which use the elements with various spherical surfaces.
The eye accomplished correction for spherical aberrations through cornea and lens.
The cornea is a transparent front part of eye. In humans, the cornea's refractive power is about 43 dioptres. The cornea is flatter in shape at it margin than at its center.
The lens in the eye focuses light rays which pass through it so that clear images of objects can be created which are positioned at different distances. Eye lens is of ellipsoid and biconvex shape. It is denser at the center.
Where in a sarcomere do you find titin and tropomyosin
Answer:
The titin in the sarcomere extends from the Z-line. The tropomyosin along with troponin binds inside the grooves between actin filament.
Explanation:
The sarcomere is the unit of muscle tissue. The titin protein is very large and extends from the sarcomere. The titin binds to the thick filaments and it provides the elasticity.
The tropomyosin protein binds to the another protein, troponin. This complex help in contraction of muscles. The calcium binds to the troponin complex and thereby activating it and allow contraction of muscles.
1. What limits do common names have?
They depend on geography.
They often use multiple words.
They are non-descriptive of the organism.
They are descriptive of the organism.
They can be in different languages.
None of the above
Answer:
Explanation:
Common names are local names that are given to organisms. These names are widely and locally accepted even within scientific bodies in order to avoid the rigors of having to use latin names of organisms.
Some of the limits of using common names are:
1. They can depend on geography: some common names are restricted in their use based on their acceptance by set of people. In some other climes, they might not be accepted. This is one big limitation in using common names.
2. They often use multiple words: within a particular area, an organism can be called different names. This is yet another big limitation of common names.
3. They are can be descriptive or non-descriptive of the organism: some common names are descriptive and they can easily tell us about an organism. Others might not even relate to to the organism at all.
4. They can be in different languages: Most languages have a common name for all organisms. This pose a serious scientific barrier when studying such species.
Common names often depend on geography, use multiple words, and can be non-descriptive or overly descriptive. They can also exist in different languages, creating potential confusion.
Explanation:The common names of organisms often have certain limitations. Firstly, they often depend on geography. This means a species might have one common name in one region and another name in a different region. Secondly, they often use multiple words which can complicate their usage. Thirdly, they can be non-descriptive or overly descriptive of the organism. For instance, a 'silverfish' is not a fish, but an insect. Lastly, they can exist in different languages, causing confusion.
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According to the cladogram shown, which two animal species shared the most recent common ancestor?
A. Primates and crocodiles
B. Birds and rodents
C. Sharks and birds
D. Birds and crocodiles
Answer:
The answer is D. Birds and crocodiles
Explanation:
They both share the same point which is their characteristic
If a nearsighted person has a far point df that is 3.50m from the eye, what is the focal length f1 of the contact lenses that the person would need to see an object at infinity clearly?
Answer:
[tex]-3.50[/tex] meter
Explanation:
A nearsighted person uses concave lens.
Given -
Far point i.e distance of object [tex]= - 3.5[/tex] meter
Distance of image is not given . Hence we will assume that the image can be formed at any distance. We will take "di" [tex]=[/tex] infinity
As we know
[tex]\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{di} + \frac{1}{df} \\[/tex]
Substituting the given values in above equation, we get -
[tex]\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{infinity} + \frac{1}{-3.50}\\ \frac{1}{f} = 0 + \frac{1}{-3.50}\\ f = -3.50[/tex]
Hence, the focal length of the contact lens is equal to [tex]-3.50[/tex] meter
The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin target the pancreas, ________, and ________ to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion.
Answer: stomach + liver
Explanation:
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year around, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn to winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in groups size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation above?(A) It is the spring and in the early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.(D) Winters in prairie vole's habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
Answer: the correct answer is E. Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
Explanation:
Mortality among young voles from spring to early fall is high because snakes are active during this time.
The colonization of land by animals: took place billions of years ago.was made easier by high atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.preceded the presence of plant species on land.may have taken place independently by a variety of species descended from aquatic ancestors.
Answer: the correct answer may have taken place independently by a variety os species descended from aquatic ancestors.
Explanation:
Scientists think that life started in the oceans as early as 4 to 4.2 billion years ago.
Tall pea plants are dominant over short pea plants. If there are 200 short plants in the F2 generation from a cross that followed Mendel's methods, about how many plants will be tall in that generation?
Answer:When two true breeding plants breed they produce an F1 generation. The genotype for the true breeding parents would be TT and tt. Each of the offspring in the F1 generation would have the genotype of Tt and would have the phenotype of being tall, since tall is dominant. Next, we breed the plants of the F1 generation to produce the F2 generation. We know that the phenotype of the parents are both Tt. From this you can create a punnet square:
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
Explanation:TT is expressed as tall
Tt is expressed as tall
tt is expressed as short
The punnet square shows you that 75% would be tall and 25% would be short.
The 200 short plants in the questions would be 25% of 800. Take the 200 away from 800 and you get approximately 600 that would be tall.
Answer:
600 tall plants.
Explanation:
Tall pea plants is dominant over short pea plants. The short pea plants has genotype tt. Tall pea plants can genotype either TT or Tt.
According to mendel's cross the cross between TT × tt will result in the following genotype.
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
The cross clearly indicates that 25% plant will be short and 75% plant will be tall. 25% plant is short out of 800. So, the remaining 600 plants will be tall.
Thus, 600 plants will be tall in the generation.
Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor
Answer:
Pulmonary artery
Explanation:
The pulmonary artery delivers oxygen poor blood to the lungs that comes from the right ventricle of the heart. The pulmonary artery is also the only artery in the body that carries unoxugenated blood. When the blood goes to the lungs, it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body. The pulmonary vein then takes the oxygen-rich blood and brings it back to the heart.
Cells undergoing chemotaxis rely on the process of accommodation to keep moving towards higher concentrations of attractants. What protein is directly responsible for modifying the MCP and causing accommodation?
Answer: CheA
Explanation:
Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that bind to other, cells that require specific antibodies to these proteins, making them a form of communication between the system cells immune. That process by which cells are sent to move through a chemical stimulus is called chemotaxis. The internal environment is responsible for the signal transduction part received by the receivers. CheR is a relatively slow enzyme and its main function is to methylate the receptors. It is divided into two domains: one responsible for substrate identification and the other for transferring methyl groups to the receptor.
Answer:
CheR is the protein responsible of for modifying the MCP and causing accommodation. When cells undergo chemotaxis.
Explanation:
Chemotaxis is the movement effect a certain organism suffers after being exposed to chemical stimuli. The organisms that react like this are somatic cells, bacteria, single-cell, or multicellular organisms. Now, when these organisms are in the regulation phase they accept CheR to modify the Mcp or methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. The McP is modified because it is needed to regulate the number of proteins required to move and maintaining the number of proteins high but not over administered. Thus, to be capable o performing chemotaxis at its most optimate level at any time.
A geneticist is mapping the chromosomes of the newly captured gremlin. Stripe is heterozygous for three linked genes with alleles Ee, Hh, and Bb, that determine if gremlins are evil (E), have hair (H), and biting teeth (B). In order to determine if the 3 genes were linked, a standard testcross was done, and the 1000 offspring had the following genotypes: 48 ee Hh bb 36 ee hh Bb 400 ee Hh Bb 4 Ee Hh Bb 426 Ee hh bb 46 Ee hh Bb 38 Ee Hh bb 2 ee hh bbChoose the alleles on the homologous chromosomes of the heterozygous individuals with the correct gene order.What is the recombination frequency between genes E and B? a. 8.4% b. 9.0% c. 42.6% d. 9.4% e. 10.0%
Explanation:
A geneticist is mapping the chromosomes of the newly captured gremlin. Stripe is heterozygous for three linked genes with alleles Ee, Hh, and Bb, that determine if gremlins are evil (E), have hair (H), and biting teeth (B). In order to determine if the 3 genes were linked, a standard testcross was done, and the 1000 offspring ...
Answer:
The correct gene order is H-e-B
Recombination frequency between genes E and B = 10%
Explanation:
In linkage parental genotype is always in greater number than recombinants, hence:
400 = eeHhBb : Parental
426 = Eehhbb : Parental
Double crossovers have the smallest number hence:
EeHhBb = 4 : Double recombinant
eehhbb = 2 : Double recombinant
Double cross over places middle allele from one sister chromatid to other one. Hence a non parental allele of the middle gene is present with parental alleles of the flanking genes.
Here recombinant type is EHB and parental type is eHB . Only gene order H-e-B would result in double cross over which would give EHB and ehb double recombinants. Hence, the correct gene order is H-e-B.
Single crossover between gene E and B would result in Heb and hEB progeny ( 48 and 46 )
Recombination frequency between E and B = [(Double recombinants + Single E and B recombinants) / Total progeny)*100]
= [ (4 + 2 + 48 + 46)/1000] * 100
= 100/1000
= 0.1 * 100 = 10%