Answer:
Solar radiation
Explanation:
In general there are three forms of energy: heat, light and sound. Energy transfer takes place as energy moves from one object to another in a certain medium or in vacuum.
The heat energy or the electromagnetic energy from sun strikes the earth surface in the form of radiation. This is also called solar energy or solar radiation.
A chemist dissolves silver nitrate (agno3) in water. he also dissolves ammonium chloride (nh4cl) in water. he mixes the two solutions. a precipitate of silver chloride (agcl) forms. which chemical equation correctly represents this reaction? agno3(s) + nh4cl(s) agcl(s) + nh4no3(s) agno3(aq) + nh4cl(aq) agcl(aq) + nh4no3(aq) agno3(aq) + nh4cl(aq) agcl(s) + nh4no3(aq)
How does the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide, so2, compare to that of helium (he)? (note: the molar masses are so2 = 64 g/mol; he = 4.0 g/mol.)?
Answer : The rate of effusion of helium gas is four times of the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas.
Solution : Given,
Molar mass of sulfur dioxide gas = 64 g/mole
Molar mass of helium gas = 4.0 g/mole
According to the Graham's law, the rate of effusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of gas.
[tex]R\propto \sqrt{\frac{1}{M}}[/tex]
or,
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\sqrt{\frac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]R_1[/tex] = rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas
[tex]R_2[/tex] = rate of effusion of helium gas
[tex]M_1[/tex] = molar mass of sulfur dioxide gas
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molar mass of helium gas
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\sqrt{\frac{4.0g/mole}{64g/mole}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{R_1}{R_2}=\frac{1}{4}[/tex]
Therefore, from this we conclude that, the rate of effusion of helium gas is four times of the rate of effusion of sulfur dioxide gas.
Which of the following is not a best practice for soil conservation?
Question 1 options:
Mulching—covering the soil with wood chips or other protective cover
Mechanical methods—building structures to improve drainage and decrease erosion
Crop management—changing planting patterns & planting cover crops
Bioresurfacing- increasing land and agriculture usage
A gas at 300 k and 4.0 atm is moved to a new loacation with a temperature of 250 k. The volume changes from 5.5 L to 2.0 L. What is the pressure of the gas at the new location?
Match each boundary with its description
1. convergent __________________________________________.
2. divergent __________________________________________.
3. transform ___________________________________________.
This plate boundary creates new land, like the seafloor at the mid-atlantic ridge.
This plate boundary can cause earthquakes from plates rubbing along side each other.
This plate boundary usually forms mountains due to colliding plates.
Answer: 1. convergent :This plate boundary usually forms mountains due to colliding plates.
2. divergent :This plate boundary creates new land, like the seafloor at the mid-atlantic ridge.
3.transform :This plate boundary can cause earthquakes from plates rubbing along side each other.
Explanation:
Convergent boundaries are the areas on the surface of the Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collides. One of the late slides beneath the other making area highly prone to earthquakes.
Divergent boundaries are the areas on the surface of the Earth where two tectonic plates moves away from each other.Due this movement of plates a ridge is created like sea floor at the mid-Atlantic ridge.
Transform are the area on the surface of the Earth where two plates slides away past to each other due to which gives rise to earthquakes.
A solution is made by mixing 48.0 ml of ethanol, c2h6o, and 52.0 ml of water. assuming ideal behavior, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at 20 °c?
The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:
A solution is made by mixing 45.0 mL of ethanol, [tex]C_2H_6O[/tex], and 55.0 mL of water. Assuming ideal behavior, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at 20 °C?
Constants @ 20°C:
ethanol = 0.789 g/mL (Density) & 43.9 Torr (Vapor Pressure)
water = 0.998 g/mL (Density) & 17.5 Torr (Vapor Pressure)
Answer: The vapor pressure of the solution at 20°C is 23.4 Torr
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of substance, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex] ......(1)
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(2)
Mole fraction of a substance is given by:
[tex]\chi_A=\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex] ......(3)
For ethanol:Density of ethanol = 0.789 g/mL
Volume of ethanol = 48.0 mL
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.789g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of ethanol}}{48.0mL}\\\\\text{Mass of ethanol}=(0.789g/mL\times 48.0mL)=37.9g[/tex]
Given mass of ethanol = 37.9 g
Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g/mol
Putting values in equation 2, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of ethanol}=\frac{37.9g}{46g/mol}=0.824mol[/tex]
For water:Density of water = 0.998 g/mL
Volume of water = 52.0 mL
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.998g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of water}}{52.0mL}\\\\\text{Mass of water}=(0.998g/mL\times 52.0mL)=51.9g[/tex]
Given mass of water = 51.9 g
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Putting values in equation 2, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of water}=\frac{51.9g}{18g/mol}=2.88mol[/tex]
Calculating the mole fractions by using equation 3:
Mole fraction of ethanol, [tex]\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{n_{ethanol}}{n_{ethanol}+n_{water}}=\frac{0.824}{0.824+2.88}=0.222[/tex]
Mole fraction of water, [tex]\chi_{water}=\frac{n_{water}}{n_{ethanol}+n_{water}}=\frac{2.88}{0.824+2.88}=0.778[/tex]
To calculate the total pressure of the mixture of the gases, we use the equation given by Raoult's law, which is:
[tex]p_T=\sum_{i=1}^n(p_{i}\times \chi_i)[/tex]
[tex]p_T=(p_{ethanol}\times \chi_{ethanol})+(p_{water}\times \chi_{water})[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]p_T=(43.9\times 0.222)+(17.5\times 0.778)\\\\p_T=23.4Torr[/tex]
Hence, the vapor pressure of the solution at 20°C is 23.4 Torr
please help 30 points please answer all correctly 5 total thank you
A reaction occurs when solid X is placed into solution Y. As a result, the temperature of the new solution increases by 3°C. The temperature rises another 2°C when more of solid X is added to the solution. What does this indicate about the effect of adding more solid? It increased the number of molecular collisions. It decreased the number of molecular collisions. It decreased the space between the molecules and lowered the reaction rate. It increased the space between the molecules and increased the reaction rate
Answer: It increased the number of molecular collisions.
Justification:
The collision theory states the reaction is the result of the collisions between the particles (atoms, ions, or molecules).
The increase of the temperature as solid is added is the result of the reaction of solid X when it is placed into the solution.
Since, the main postulate of the collision theory is that the particles have to collide to react, the amount of particles is a decisive factor of the reaction rate. The raise of the temperature when the solid is added is an evidence of this postulate: more particles → more collisions → more reactions → increase in temperature.
Identify which method of thermal energy transfer would be fastest through a vacuum, which would be fastest through a gas, and which would be fastest through a solid.142
The method of heat transfer that will be the fastest in vacuum is radiation, in gas is convection and in solid is conduction.
There are three modes of heat transfer, they include;
conductionconvection, andradiationThe method of heat transfer that will be the fastest in gas is convection. Heat transfer by convection involves that actual movement of the particles of the fluid. The average distance between gas molecules are large which enables fast and easy transfer of heat through the movement of the molecules.
The method of heat transfer that will be the fastest in vacuum is radiation. Heat transfer by radiation does not require material medium. Vacuum is the best medium for heat transfer by radiation.
The method of heat transfer that will be the fastest in solid is conduction. Heat transfer by conduction involves the vibration of the solid particle about their mean position.
Thus, we can conclude that the method of heat transfer that will be the fastest in vacuum is radiation, in gas is convection and in solid is conduction.
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How many minutes make up one week?
A) 7*60^2
B) 7*24*60
C) 7*24*60^2
D) (7*24/60)
n atom of an element is shown by the model. mc016-1.jpg How is this model useful? It shows how electrons are distributed in the shells of an iron atom. It shows how electrons are distributed in the shells of a cobalt atom. It shows how orbitals are distributed in the shells of an iron atom. It shows how orbitals are distributed in the shells of a cobalt atom.
Atom is the smallest unit of any element which can participate in a chemical reaction. Each atom of any element contains a central nucleus and outer shells
the central nucleus contains positive protons and neutral neturons
The outer part of nucleus has shells. These shells are occupied by electrons.
so the model must be a representation of how electrons are distributed in the shells of an iron atom
If a neutral atom of boron (B) contains 5 protons, 5 electrons and 6 neutrons, what is the mass number of this atom? (2 points)
21
11
10
5
Why are some substances not able to dissolve in water? A. The attraction between the solute and solvent particles is too strong to mix. B.The attraction between the solute and solvent is not very strong. C.The chemical bonds in the solvent are too strong to be broken. D.The solute and solvent are not able to react together.
What effect does the water temperature have on solution rate hypothesis?
How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 95 grams of carbon dioxide (co2)?
. Why do carpenters use a screw instead of nails to join two pieces of wood?
Screws have phenomenal tensile strength which is far greater than nails. Screws build a tight adhesion between two pieces of wood.
Nails are used for joints, because even after multiple twists the wood at the joints will remain together when nails are used. But a screw will come off after a single twist, if screws are used to hold wood at the joints.
For any static wood work screws are better than nails because of their tensile strength.
When an atom loses one electron, the charge on its ion is _____?
Final answer:
When an atom loses one electron, it becomes a positively charged ion, known as a cation, with a +1 charge due to more protons than electrons.
Explanation:
When an atom loses one electron, the charge on its ion becomes positively charged. This occurs because there are now more protons than electrons in the ion. Atoms that lose electrons are referred to as cations. For example, when a neutral sodium atom loses one electron, it transforms into Na+, which signifies a cation with a +1 charge. The loss of electrons results in a higher number of protons than electrons, leading to a positive charge on the resulting ion, making sodium a cation, Na+, with a +1 charge. This process is essential for forming ions in chemistry, as ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in an imbalance that gives them a net charge.
If 4.50 l of water vapor at 50.2 °c and 0.121 atm reacts with excess iron, how many grams of iron(iii) oxide will be produced?
When the balanced equation for this reaction is:
2Fe + 3H2O → Fe2O3 + 3H2
and according to the formula for vapor pressure:
PV = nRT
when we have P is the vapor pressure H2O = 0.121 atm
and V is the volume of H2O = 4.5 L
and T in Kelvin = 52.5 +273 = 325.5 K
R = 0.08205 atm-L / g mol-K
So we can get H2O
So, with substitution:
n H2O = PV / RT
= (0.121 * 4.5) / (0.08205 * 325.5) = 0.02038 g/mol
n Fe2O3 = 0.02038 * (1Fe2O3 / 3H2O) = 0.00679 g/mol
Note: we get the ratio (1FeO3 / 3H2O) of the balanced equation.
we can get Fe2O3 Mass from this formula:
Mass = number of moles * molecular weight
we have a molecular weight of Fe2O3 = 159.7
= 0.00679 * 159.7 = 1,084 g
So, 1,084 grams will produce Fe2O3
Further ExplanationThe chemical reaction in the event of chemical change from substances that react (reactants) into substances that result from reactions (products). In chemical reactions, new substances are always produced with new properties. Chemical reactions are written using the element symbol. Let's look at how to express a reaction using symbols.
Material conservation law states that in ordinary chemical reactions no material is lost even though it might change. The number of atoms in reagents must remain the same as those produced, however, they change to form new molecular patterns. If an equation fulfills the conditions, it can be said that the equation is balanced.
Characteristics of Chemical Reactions
When a chemical reaction occurs, there are changes that we can observe. Consider the following characteristics of a chemical reaction.
Chemical Reactions Can Cause Color Change Chemical reactions can form deposits Chemical Reactions Can Cause Changes in Temperature Chemical Reactions Can Cause GasLearn more
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Details
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
keywords: The chemical reaction
Conservation of Matter states that the reactants have to equal the _______. products enablers 2. Products and reactants in a balanced chemical reaction have the same number of _______ of each element. atoms molecules 3. If the equation on the board had shown 3 atoms of carbon on the reactants side, how many atoms of carbon would need to be represented on the products is
Answer:
1) Conservation of Matter states that the reactants have to equal the products.
2) Products and reactants in a balanced chemical reaction have the same number of atoms of each element.
3) Three (3) atoms of carbon would need to be represented.
Explanation:Number of atoms on the left and on the right side of the balanced chemical reaction is the same, for example: Mg + 2HCl → H₂ + MgCl₂. There are two hydrogen atoms, two chlorine atoms and one magnesium atom on both side of chemical reaction.
1. Conservation of Matter states that the reactants have to equal the products.
2. Products and reactants in a balanced chemical reaction have the same number of atoms of each element.
3. If the equation on the board had shown 3 atoms of carbon on the reactants side, then there would need to be 3 atoms of carbon on the products side.
Conservation of Matter is a law of science that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. This means that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction must equal the total mass of the products.
Atoms are the basic unit of matter. A molecule is a group of atoms that are bonded together.
In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element is the same on the reactant side and the product side. This is because the law of conservation of matter must be obeyed.
So, if the equation on the board had shown 3 atoms of carbon on the reactants side, then there would need to be 3 atoms of carbon on the products side in order for the equation to be balanced.
Here is an example of a balanced chemical equation:
2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O
In this equation, there are 2 hydrogen atoms on the reactant side and 2 hydrogen atoms on the product side. There is also 1 oxygen atom on the reactant side and 1 oxygen atom on the product side. This is a balanced equation because the law of conservation of matter is obeyed.
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A population of Purple Gorillas feeds entirely on plants. But some of these Gorillas are good at digesting Plant A, while others are good at digesting Plant B. Still other Purple Gorillas are good at digesting Plant C. What might be an advantage of a single population of animals, such as the Purple Gorilla, having a very large amount of variability surrounding certain traits? A. There is no evolutionary advantage to this situation. B. It increases the chance that some members of the population will survive under changing environmental conditions. C. It makes it more difficult for poachers to hunt them. D. It makes it less likely that the population will split into different species, when selective pressures are increased.
Answer:
Answer is C
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Based on what you read on the Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity website, name the scientists who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and describe their contributions that were recognized by the award.
In a titration, 25.9 mL of 3.4 x10^-3 M Ba(OH)2 neutralized 16.6 mL of HCL solution. What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Final answer:
The molarity of the HCl solution is determined by using the volume and molarity of Ba(OH)2 to find the moles of HCl neutralized, which in this case results in a molarity of 0.01061 M for the HCl solution.
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity of the HCl solution, we will use the data provided from the titration of Ba(OH)2 with HCl. We are given that 25.9 mL of 3.4 x 10-3 M Ba(OH)2 completely neutralized 16.6 mL of HCl solution.
First, we calculate the number of moles of Ba(OH)2:
# moles Ba(OH)2 = Volume (L) x Molarity = (0.0259 L) x (3.4 x 10-3 M) = 8.806 x 10-5 moles
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O
From the equation, we see that 1 mole of Ba(OH)2 reacts with 2 moles of HCl. Therefore, the moles of HCl neutralized by Ba(OH)2 would be twice the number of moles of Ba(OH)2, which is 2 x 8.806 x 10-5 = 1.7612 x 10-4 moles.
Now, we can find the molarity of the HCl solution:
Molarity HCl = # moles HCl / Volume HCl (L) = 1.7612 x 10-4 moles / 0.0166 L = 0.01061 M
Presently, earth's atmosphere is dominated by which two gases? hydrogen and helium oxygen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide nitrogen and oxygen
Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen accounts for about 78% of the atmosphere and oxygen makes up approximately 21%. The rest is made up of argon and trace gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Explanation:Presently, Earth's atmosphere is dominated by nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂). Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, while oxygen accounts for around 21%. The remaining 1% consists of gases such as argon, with trace amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. These percentages refer to the volume mix in the air at Earth's surface. This is a significant shift from early in the Earth's history, when the atmosphere was dominated by carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen-containing gases. That initial chemical composition changed over time due to processes like photosynthesis, which resulted in the release of oxygen, and the effects of solar ultraviolet light, which caused lighter hydrogen atoms to escape from Earth.
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how do you think earths internal processes cause surface features on earth as large as mount everest
Explanation:
The mountain ranges like the Himalayas, where Mt. Everest is situated, and other bigger peaks are the outcomes of plate tectonics, resulting mainly due to huge slabs of Earth's crust colliding with each other. The point where collision takes place is known as a subduction zone, in which one of the subducts or slabs goes underneath, and the other gets on the top. When such kind of phenomenon take place, the push of one slab against the other, and the friction resulting on both the slabs lead to the formation of mountain ranges with the peaks like of Mt. Everest.
Iron combines with oxygen to form rust. Given the chemical reaction, how many grams of rust would be produced if 3 grams of reactants were consumed? A) 0 grams B) 1 gram C) 3 grams D) 7 grams
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If 3 grams of reactants were consumed, then C) 3 grams of rust must be produced.
Why?There are two possible chemical reactions between iron and oxygen to form rust:
2Fe + O₂ → 2FeO (Ferrous Oxide)4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃ (Ferric Oxide)These two chemical reactions obey the Law of Conservation of Matter, which states that matter is conserved in a chemical reaction.
So, if there are 3 grams of reactants initially, and they react completely, then 3 grams of rust (either Ferrous Oxide or Ferric Oxide) must be produced for the reaction to obey the Law of Conservation of Matter.
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Elements with similar properties are located
in the same row on the periodic table
on opposite ends of the periodic table
in the same column of the periodic table
next to each other on the periodic table
Elements with similar properties are located in the same column of the periodic table, as these elements have the same number of valence electrons, which determine their chemical properties.
Explanation:Elements with similar properties are found in the same column of the periodic table. This is due to the fact that elements in the same column (also known as a group) have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level, also known as valance electrons. These valance electrons determine an element's chemical properties. For example, Group 18 elements, or noble gases, all have a complete set of electrons in their outermost shell, making them extremely stable and unreactive.
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A student says that since the atomic theory is just a theory, it should not be considered useful. Which statement best argues against the student’s opinion?
a) scientific theories change over time
b)scientific theories are the results of many experiments and observations
c) scientists often do not agree about specific details of scientific theories
d) scientists often propose competing theories
e) scientific theories do not become scientific laws
Answer:
b
It's the only one that would oppose to the student
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases?
Gas particles are in constant random motion.
The volume of individual gas particles is zero.
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
Gas particles collide without losing energy.
The correct answer is
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
:)
The following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases : The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.
Further explanationKinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) states that a gas consists of molecules that move at a constant and random speed. The collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic so that no energy is wasted.
The molecules move in straight lines until they collide
Energy because this motion is expressed as Kinetic energy (KE) which can be formulated as:
[tex] \displaystyle KE = \frac {1} {2} mv ^ 2 [/tex]
The average kinetic energy value is only affected by temperature changes. The higher the temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases
This molecule is very small when compared to the distance between molecules, so the volume of gas contains mostly empty space
Gas particles move randomly (both speed and direction, as vector)
From the question :
Gas particles are in constant random motion.Particle motion creates kinetic energy.
they collide between particles or the walls of its container
The volume of individual gas particles is zero.The volume of the individual particles is negligible
The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.The motion of each particle is independent (no attraction or repulsion)
Gas particles collide without losing energyThe collisions are elastic, so there is no loss of kinetic energy, only transferred from between particles
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Keywords: Kinetic Molecular Theory, Collisions, The average kinetic energy , gas molecule
Which of these is a combustion and synthesis reaction?
A. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
B. Mg + O2 → MgO
C. H2O → H2 + O2
D. CaO → Ca + O2
Answer:
It's B!
Explanation:
Oxyacids contains at least one h+ and an oxyanion. the " sulfurous " oxyacid contains the oxyanion ________.
Answer:
Oxygenation Nitrite
Explanation: