Answer:d.group polarization.
Explanation: Group polarization refers to the fact that when people are in a group which shares similar attitude with them , they are more likely to take decisions that are extreme in nature more than they would if they were taking the decision alone.
They become content to take risky decisions that may even put their own lives in danger, this is if the person had initially thought about this risk then it get more encouraged by the group. For a cautious person when they meet more cautious people they become extremely cautious.
These more extreme decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendencies are to be risky and towards greater caution if individuals' initial tendencies are to be cautious.
What did Socrates hope to achieve by practicing the Socratic method? Select one: a. He hoped to show that knowledge is impossible. b. He wanted to show that a skillful debater could win any side of any argument. c. He wanted to display the fact that he was indeed the wisest man in all of Greece. d. He wanted to detect misconceptions and reveal them by asking the right questions.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
The Socratic Method is a method of questioning developed by Socrates. In this method, he tried to show that the student's mind is contradictory, thus he counter-questions them helping the students to come to viable conclusions.
Socrates believed that students tend to learn through critical and logical reasoning. Thus he helped the students find flaws in their own ideas and to correct these ideas. He would reveal the misconceptions to students in their own ideas by asking the right questions.
Thus from the given options, the correct one is D.
How would you classify the form of government utilized in the United States of America?
Answer:The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic in North America, composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories and several island possessions.
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances, including acidosis. The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis, which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism, as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism. Maria is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking her insulin. Her mother takes her to the hospital because her breathing has become deep and gasping.
Explain Maria's breathing pattern.
Which other compensatory responses may occur, and would they occur earlier or later than the respiratory response?
Answer:
Maria’s respiratory system’s response is due to her ketoacidosis. When hyperventilation occurs she removes more portion of Carbon dioxide from her blood. This results in Carbonic acid equation being shifted to the right thereby eliminating free Hydrogen ions and increasing the pH.
The change in pH immediately leads to a gradual process of chemical buffering of the blood. The kidneys buffer more slowly in order to make them more effective later.
what is meant by dun?
Answer:
josh dun
Explanation:
this is a guy in a band
Three most impoverished places in America
Answer:
1. San Juan 41
2. Detroit 18
3. St. Louis 58
Explanation:
hope we can be friends
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U.S. Forces may be required to engage in several types of joint operations simultaneously, across a range of military operations. Commanders combine and sequence offensive, defensive, and _____ operations to achieve objectives.
Answer:
Stability
Explanation:
Stability operation or stabilisation refers to a joint military action aimed at addressing conflict which maybe be created by activities of the United States Government in countries outside the United states. Commanders combine and sequence offensive, defensive, and stability operations to foster host-nation resiliency and creating conditions that enable sustainable peace and security.
Stability operation framework ensures security cooperation (SC) activities often involve routine military presence and contact to prevent armed conflict, prevent civil strife.
In military strategy, commanders combine and sequence offensive, defensive, and stability operations to meet objectives. U.S. history illustrates various usage of these including wars, 'total war' and the 'flexible response' policy. The latter indicates the need to be flexibly adept to respond to different types and sizes of crises.
Explanation:U.S. Forces may be required to engage in several types of joint operations simultaneously, across a range of military operations. Commanders combine and sequence offensive, defensive, and stability operations to achieve objectives. Stability operations refer to various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the U.S. to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.
Historically, the U.S. has waged both offensive and defensive operations such as the 2003 Iraq war and 1991's Operation Desert Storm respectively. Equally, the concept of 'total war' seen during the Civil War, saw both military and civilian resources mobilized in the conflict. Regardless of the type, the goal of these operations is to ensure national security and achieve strategic military objectives.
A nuanced example of a multifaceted strategy is Kennedy's 'flexible response' policy. This policy indicated a readiness of the U.S. to respond with various strategies, tactics, and military capabilities as per the nature and size of insurgencies and crises, including utilizing forces trained in counterinsurgency. These examples demonstrate how U.S. Forces must be prepared to engage in varied operations to protect national interests.
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Justin is trying to find his place in the world. He tries a variety of sports, part-time jobs, and is starting to explore what his college major might be next year. He is in Erikson's _____ stage of development.
The correct answer is identity versus role confusion
The fifth stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, which takes place between the ages of 12 and 18, takes on different shapes due to the psychosocial crisis that occurs in it, that is, Identity Versus Confusion. In this context, the term crisis does not have a dramatic meaning, as it is something punctual and located with positive and negative poles.
This 5th age is located approximately from 12 to 18/20 years, that is, in adolescence, precisely at the age when in the positive aspect, the adolescent will acquire a psychosocial identity, that is, he understands his uniqueness, his role in world.
The young man experiences a series of challenges that involve his attitudes towards himself, with his friends, with people of the opposite sex, loves and the search for a career and professionalization. As people around you help solve these questions, you will develop a sense of personal identity. If you do not find answers to your questions, you may become disorganized, losing reference.
At this stage, individuals are filled with new cognitive potentialities, explore and rehearse social statutes and roles, due to the society providing this space for experimentation to the teenager. It is in this context that one of the Eriksonian concepts that helps to give so much relevance to this stage stands out, that is, the psychosocial moratorium, a period of pause necessary for many young people, the search for alternatives and the experimentation of roles, which will allow a work of internal elaboration.
Thus, the adolescent anticipates his future, explores alternatives, experiments, takes a break. Personal needs, sociocultural and institutional demands characterize the moratorium.
Tatiana read about the Palace of Fine Arts in a travel book.
A building with columns that create tall arches to hold up an elaborate roof. It's surrounded by trees and a water.
The Palace of Fine Arts is located in San Francisco, California. It was built in 1915 for the Panama-Pacific Exposition to display works of art. It was built around a small lagoon so that the water could reflect the beauty of the building. The Palace of Fine Arts was designed to look like a classical Greek structure. Today it is popular for weddings and is often featured in photographs.
Which new idea can Tatiana form after reading the text and looking at the photograph?
The Palace of Fine Arts has fallen into disrepair over the past century.
Classical Greek structures often have columns and curved archways.
"Lagoon" is another word for "mirror."
Weddings often take place at expositions.
Answer:
Classical Greek structures often have columns and curved archways.
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
on edge
what policy did China adopt after the Tienanmen Square demonstration
Answer:
=> Permission for foreign investors/engaging in foreign investments.
=> Reforms regarding Agriculture.
=> Citizens can create their own work.
Explanation:
The Tienanmen Square demonstration was a protest that started on the 15th of the month of April, in the year 1989 and ended on the 4th day of the month of June, in the year 1989. It was a protest against communism in China and likely adoption of democracy in china. Most of the people that were in the demonstration were students.
During the demonstrations many of the protesters that is the students were killed and many reporters lost their lives.
After the Tienanmen Square demonstration, the Chinese Government make sure to adopt policies that will increase the growth of China's economy.
Answer:
Great reform from a previously encumbered system
Explanation:
This demonstration often called the six-four incident or the June 4th incident was spearheaded by students. This incident was precipitated by: Killing of Hu Yaobang, Economic hardship, High scost of living, Corrupted government and all the revolutions that were taking place in Europe at the time.
Their goal was to end communism and gain freedom. They wanted freedom of speech, press and freedom to leave and join groups as they please.
The protests strengthened the parties in dealing with domestic affairs and many restrictions were loosened including the permission of privately run media houses. Communism was also less of a blanket expectation and traditional beliefs were made acceptable.
While it is said that discussion of the protest is forbidden it has been for the better of the people that gained freedom in some areas of work, life and democracy.
Alisha is writing a sales message to advertise the services provided by the day spa she manages. In the letter she mentions rest, relaxation, and spoiling oneself for the day. Alisha is using what type of appeal?
Alisha is using a type of appeal for the Emotions.
Explanation:
In advertising there are many form of appeals that the person writing the ad can target and base the ad upon.
The goal is to form the strategy around that particular appeal and how it affects the reader and how they want that appeal fulfilled for themselves.
Here the talk is about rest and relaxation that can be provided by the tour which is something that appeals to the senses and the emotions of a person who is rest deprived.
Thus the industry is targeting that sort of audience through this ad.
Negative emotions Group of answer choices are limiting. are the polar opposite of positive emotions. fuel personal flourishing. help you build resources, such as social relationships. broaden your mindset.
Answer:
Option A; Negative emotions ARE LIMITING.
Explanation:
Negative emotions can be described as a kind of feeling which causes one to be sad and miserable. Some examples of this emotions are: fear, nervousness, guilt, frustration, loneliness e.t.c.
Negative emotions are not pleasurable to experience, so if an emotion discourages and drags one down, then it is likely a negative emotion.
Negative emotions are limiting because they can stop one from doing so many things, thereby causing one to act in a narrow or specific way.
The correct answer is A) are limiting.
Negative emotions are limiting.
It is true that negative emotions are limiting. More than that, negative emotions block your mind and do not allow you to think clearly in difficult situations. That is why under stressful conditions you need to calm down, and start to think positively. If you keep your negative emotions. these are going to affect your health too.
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How have blogging, podcasting, and social media affected other media you use, like newspapers or television? Do you read print newspapers now or do you get your news some other way? Do you watch programs on TV or on other devices? How has the move away from print and network television affected advertising?
Answer:
Blogging, podcasting and societal broadcasting admittance is preeminent done victimization sensible headsets and these mobile set are maximum utilized devices by the individuals around the planet. So, individuals practice these standard equivalent to blogging, societal broadcasting, on-line newsprint and alternative virtual info supply, whereas affecting on. It’s concentrated the consumption of alternative styles of media equivalent to off-line or motif papers or TV. Although societies utilized these medium, however in declining size with the road of your time. Maximum time, I purchase my novel online victimization virtual news entrances and it's not missing any house for the design newspaper. It’s ensued as on-line sources offer update on a true time basis what's delivered by the design newsprint, next day. Relating to to, I favor to look at it when I purchase time, although I additionally use the video distribution medium. Here, TV has still preserved its relevancy, because it is price operative, have type of content and selection of channels to induce family recreation. Though, the individuals are affecting removed from the TV similarly because of mobile and on-line sources.
It has created a major impression upon marketing. Now, dealers are choosing the digital promoting channels or web advertising and moving removed from ancient variety of offline advertising. Web promoting has larger spread, precise aptitude to focus on spectators, ability to live the movement and comparatively price efficiency that have created it additional popular every passing time. Mobile promoting is additionally one in all the shape of digital advertising.
Paul is suspected of stealing a cell phone which he denies stealing. The police use an approach to lie detection that assesses Paul's physiological response to crime-scene details of the theft which are known only to police investigators. The police are using the _____.
Answer:
Deception detection
Explanation:
Because Paul is denying that he has stole a cell phone, police has to determine his credibility and truthfulness in order to investigate if he is telling the truth or not. This move is considering physiological and certain behavior of the suspected and it is also a process of detecting a proper message that can bring the police to truth about the case.
This type of process is considering verbal type of communication.
The police use a polygraph or lie detector test to measure Paul's physiological responses to questions about the theft. The test's accuracy for lie detection is debated and U.S. courts often exclude polygraph evidence.
Explanation:Paul is suspected of stealing a cell phone which he denies stealing. The police are using a polygraph test to assess Paul's physiological response to crime-scene details of the theft which are known only to police investigators. The polygraph is also known as a lie detector test, and it measures physiological arousal, including factors such as increased heart rate, respiration rate, and sweating, as a person responds to a series of questions. Trained professionals analyze this physiological data to identify potential signs of dishonesty.
However, the efficacy of using the polygraph for lie detection is a subject of intense debate. Critics point out that there is no conclusive evidence that lying causes a specific physiological response that can be measured and analyzed reliably. In addition, both innocent and guilty individuals may exhibit signs of stress during the test, which can lead to false results. While commonly used, it's important to note that most U.S. courts exclude polygraph evidence due to questions about its validity and accuracy.
In looking at differences in intellectual ability between groups, most social scientists see the concept of race primarily as a(n) _____ without well-defined physical boundaries.
In looking at differences in intellectual ability between groups, most social scientists see the concept of race primarily as a social construct.
Explanation:
For a long time race had been something that the people have defined as something that is biological and something that is predefined and predisposed but more and more different races combine and meet the lines have blurred.
Now we are able to understand that it is circumstance that defined the races accordingly and the bias of society and not any particular way that the body of a person functions as it is not even in the question now.
Suppose that there is only one provider of a service in a state. Because this provider experiences economies of scale, the government does not want to break into smaller pieces, but it does want the provider to supply the efficient quantity.
Which of the following policy options might most effectively enable the government to achieve its objectives in this situation?
a. Use the law to increase competition
b. Turn the company into a public enterprise.
c. Regulate the pricing behavior
d. Do nothing at all.
Answer:
Turn the company into a public enterprise.
Explanation:
When a natural monopoly, such as an electric utility, is forced to sell itself to a public institution, the private monopoly will become a public enterprise. Such a policy option, which might be chosen by a government that views electricity as a public good, is generally the European approach to providing utilities. A potential drawback of this approach is that government managers may have little incentive to keep costs down.
A mixed market economy is similar to a command economy because it:
Answer:
partly controlled by the government and partly based on the forces of supply and demand. The prices and production levels are subject to the discretion of the company and driven by the law of supply and demand.
Explanation:
Nasir occasionally experiences periods of intense overwhelming dread that come about for no reason. These periods are marked by trembling, heart palpitations, and chills, and the feeling that he is losing control.
Nasir might be diagnosed as having:
A. post-traumatic stress.
B. generalized anxiety.
C. phobic disorder.
D. panic disorder.
Answer: B)
Explanation:
Nasir's behavior can be diagnosed as generalized anxiety because of the feelings that he is having and those are chills, palpitations, feeling of losing control and more.
If he had post-traumatic stress, panic or phobic disorder those feelings would be represented in a situation that is triggering him and reminding him of some past event but the anxiety is showing sometimes for no reason when the body became used to them.
Which of the following UN agencies would be most likely to investigate the nations possible development of nuclear weapons?
A. UNESCO
B. UNICEF
C. IAEA
D. UNEP
Answer:
C. IAEA
Explanation:
They serve to find peace and regulation of nuclear weapons and arms.
Answer:
C) IAEA
Explanation:
The following UN agency would be most likely to investigate the nation's possible development of nuclear weapons.
Andrew CherySouth africa has the largest racial division. Nelson Mandela tried to help the people of africa, the Apartheid government in South Africa arrested a total 156 people, including chief albert luthuli and Nelson Mandela. In 1962 Nelson Mandela was smuggled out of South Africa. Nelson Mandela was a man of peace, he would not use violence. Which conclusion is best supported by this cartoon?
a.Imprisonment of political dissidents rarely ends opposition to the government.
b.The United Nations supports punishment for acts of civil disobedience.
c.Better media coverage would prevent the imprisonment of protesters.
d.Mistreatment of political prisoners often results in their acceptance of government policies.
The correct answer is A) Imprisonment of political dissidents rarely ends opposition to the government.
The conclusion that is best supported by this cartoon is "Imprisonment of political dissidents rarely ends opposition to the government."
This has been shown in many civil rights movements around the world. The government thinks that putting in jail the heads of any civil rights movement would be enough to stop the movement or a revolt. But in most cases, this is not the truth. On the contrary, when the leader is jailed, automatically it becomes a martyr, and its followers have a stronger reason to fight for. This was the case of Nelson Mandela and the South African people. After so many years in prison, Mandela left jail to become the President of South Africa.
Answer:The answer is a imprisonment of political dissident rarely ends opposition to the government.
Explanation:
Nelson mandela was the leader of African National Congress (ANC), he was one of the leading opposition to the then apartheid government in South Africa. As a result of his opposition to the government he was arrested by the apartheid government in 1962 and was sent to prison to silence the black people of South Africa who was agitating for freedom. The arrest and imprisonment of Nelson mandela does not end the struggle for freedom in the then apartheid South Africa, it only further helped to fuel their quest for freedom. Nelson mandela was later released from prison by the then government of Fredrick de clerk who was the president of apartheid South Africa in 1992, Nelson mandela was elected as the president of Republic of South Africa in 1994.
Joe attends a class in order to learn to use a computer. Joe takes notes during the class, and uses the notes to operate his own computer when he gets home. Using the notes from the computer class to use his computer at home is an example of which strategy for promoting generalization
Answer:
The complete question is a multiple choice question, however the answer is:
self generated mediators of generalization
Explanation:
A mediator of generalization is a a stimulus that is maintained and transported by the client as part of treatment. It can be physical stimulus or a behavior which controls the behavior of the target.
Example include a parent attend a lecture on children management and then after implementing the techniques, they guide the behavior of their own child.
Argue whether or not Armand knew he was "tainted" before discovering the letter at the end of the story. Use specific examples from the text and draw some conclusions. Do you think he even knew about the letter before the end of the story?
Answer:
He didn't know he was "contaminated" before the letter.
Explanation:
The above question is related to the story "Desiree's Baby".
It is important to note that the word "contaminated" is used in this story in a racist way, as it refers to black people.
Armand belongs to a noble family and has fair skin, in addition to features that keep him from the characteristics that black people have. In addition, he is a handsome, wealthy man, with influence in the city and good contacts. He believes that black people and their descendants are "contaminated", however, he does not know that his mother was black, which makes him, despite having lighter skin than his slaves, is a descendant of black and, according to his concepts , contaminated.
He only learns of this after reading a letter written by his father.
Armand may have known he was 'tainted' before discovering the letter at the end of the story, as suggested by his wife's comments about a letter containing information about his racial background.
Explanation:In the story, 'The Cask of Amontillado' by Edgar Allan Poe, it can be argued that Armand knew he was 'tainted' before discovering the letter at the end of the story. One specific example from the text is when Armand's wife, Desiree, suggests that he should read a letter that was sent to him. She implies that the letter holds information about his racial background, which would 'taint' his identity. This suggests that Armand had some knowledge or suspicion of his 'tainted' heritage before the letter was found.
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If Pauline is a typical girl, she is likely to have her first sexual experience at the age of _______, and her brother is likely to have his first sexual experience at ______.
Answer: 14 and 16 year
Explanation:
According to statistics of teenagers sexual intercourse information, if Pauline is a typical girl she is most likely to have her sexual experience at age of fourteen and her brother is likely to have his first sexual experience in thirteen because of the statements that statistics are showing when they are comparing girls and boy with the years of their first sexual experience.
The age of first sexual experience varies among individuals and is influenced by sex education, cultural norms, and personal values. Studies show that adolescents go through sexual maturation and often form romantic relationships, highlighting the significance of comprehensive sex education.
Explanation:Discussing the age of first sexual experiences can be complex as it varies widely among individuals and is influenced by various factors such as cultural norms, personal values, and access to sex education. The provided information reflects general trends rather than specific ages and cautions against overgeneralizing. Sociological studies suggest that the process of sexual maturation during adolescence often leads to young people exploring romantic relationships, with some engaging in sexual activities. According to the National Survey of Family Growth, there's a broad acceptance of non-traditional sexual values among the youth, although many still aspire to monogamous relationships. Additionally, the importance of comprehensive sex education is highlighted by contrasting teenage pregnancy rates between countries with differing approaches to this education.
It is important to note that the question presented presupposes typical norms that may not apply to every individual and should be approached with attention to the diverse experiences and education of adolescents. Addressing the specifics of when individuals typically have their first sexual experience is fraught with variability and should be contextualized within a broader discussion about sexuality, education, and the support available to young people navigating these life changes.
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Discuss how lack of self-knowledge and self-confidence makes you or others you know more vulnerable to fallacious reasoning. Use specific examples showcasing what you have learned from this course to demonstrate how you would solve a common problem you would experience in the workplace with critical thought applied to your decision making and fallacious reasoning would stand in your way.
ANSWER: Lack of self-knowledge and self-confidence can make one vulnerable to fallacious reasoning, because the person will want to use fallacy to explain a point which he/she does not have a proper knowledge in.
Example: someone asked you to buy a cream from Obi. You don't want to buy that cream from Obi but from Ada, and you don't have any proper knowledge about the cream, you just respond by saying, why not I, buy the cream from Ada which has a smooth skin, instead of Obi, which has a rough skin, if Obi's cream is good, he could have used it to heal his rough skin. You replied like this because you don't have a self-knowledge about the constituents of the creams sold by Obi and Ada, and you neither dont know how to determine the best cream for his body.
To give a critical thought to the above example, your statement is fallacious, but you can overcome those fallacy in your statement if you have advised that the two creams sold by Obi and Ada should be checked to know the one that is best for his skin, considering the fact that Obi applies his cream but it doesn't change his skin roughness, while Ada skin is smooth and shinning as she applies her cream.
Your friend has designed a study to examine sexual arousal among male and female college students to erotic or nonerotic movies.
A simple main effect of the type of movie would analyze whether the arousal level is different for ______.
The correct answer is movies when the viewer is a male and when the viewer is a female.
Unlike what many people think, sexual arousal does not depend on gender or sexual orientation.
Men and Women experience the same degree of sexual arousal in the face of erotic images. Therefore, there are no differences at the neurobiological level in this process.
The results show that there are no differences in the brain's response to visual sexual stimuli.
For women, sex involves an affective bond. The female sexual universe requires a whole set of stimuli that demand self-knowledge, permission and willingness.
During his speech on changing general education requirements at the university, Ben made it a point to discuss the need for gainful employment, a concern shared with his audience. By doing so, Ben was attempting to establish identification with his audience.
a. true
b. false
Answer: True
Explanation:
In that way, Ben was attempting to establish identification and confidence with his audience because he was pointing on something that worried the audience. Changing general education requirements should always take in consideration opinion of the audience and when talking to audience about things that they are interesting in, it can make a great and successful discussion or presentation.
In the 1980s the thinking behind the assessments went away from being focused on mother-daughter relationship based on Freud's psychoanalysis to ____________? Group of answer choices societal norms what was going on within the personality of the individual cultural observations genetic disposition
Answer: Societal norms
Explanation:
Sigmund Freud was analyzing the relationship between mother and daughter and also a relationship with boys and their father where he was talking about the Odeus complex in children.
He was describing a relationship between mother and daughter as one complex devastated relationship that is based on a love-hate relationship which is also considered as part of development where control and affection are present.
Rashid decided to fulfill his service learning requirement by working with a local organization that helps people in need find free furniture and appliances. His teacher insisted that he keep a journal during the project and at the end present a summary to the class. She is providing a key component to the service learning experience, which is:
Answer:
Providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation Improve public speaking .Explanation:
When working in a group it is important to reflect upon participatory roles that one has played. It helps to know one's weaknesses and strengths as well.
So, in the given case, when Rashid's teacher asked to keep a journal during this project she is encouraging the students to reflect upon their role in group participation. Self-reflection is important as it helps to analyze ourselves and the areas in us that need to be improved.
The second thing that she is encouraging is that she is helping the students to improve their public speaking skills. It is done when she asked her students to present the summary of the journal before the class.
So, she is providing the key components of self-reflection on participation and public speaking.
Kira and her husband Hiroto had a baby with the help of assisted reproductive technologies. This family, which consists of herself, Hiroto, and their baby, is Kira's __________.
Answer:
Family of procreation
Explanation:
Kira and her husband Hiroto had created a type of family that is family of procreation because they raised their child with the help of assisted reproductive technology.
In this kind of family, parents can influence and help their children by using help of technology and in that way, parents are learning their children how to behave, have proper values and development.
Which of the following statements about European efforts to trade in the East is not true?
a.
Portugal took control of the Indian Ocean by force.
c.
The Philippines were used as a gateway to trade American silver with Asian economies.
b.
The Dutch did not try to impose anything but trade onto the Chinese.
d.
Europeans waited for civil war to collapse the Mughal Kingdom, then moved in to India.
Answer:
D.
Europeans waited for civil war to collapse the Mughal Kingdom, then moved in to India.
Explanation:
During the colonial period, colonial powers had a significant effect on Southeast Asia. ... The arrival of Christianity that brought by the Europeans have affected Southeast Asian society and culture. In addition, a large demand for labor resulted in mass immigration that caused the demographical change.
Treaty gave France control of most of territory in southern Vietnam. ... European nations needed raw materials, European leaders wanted power and land, and they believed in social Darwinism.
Between 1945 and 1960, three dozen new states in Asia and Africa achieved autonomy or outright independence from their European colonial rulers. There was no one process of decolonization. In some areas, it was peaceful, and orderly. In many others, independence was achieved only after a protracted revolution.