Answer:
high cultural intelligence
Explanation:
Cultural intelligence is the ability of an individual to adapt to the different cultures in different conditions. It has been used in business, government, and educational context and improves the efficiency of a person working in the environment. If a person interacts well with people from different cultural backgrounds, it will enhance the productivity of the work.
As per the question Caralee's ability to understand the culture of her coworker, make her coworker comfortable and develops a sense of respect for her.
When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of_______.A. Affirmative actionB. White privilegeC. Intersection theoryD. The social construction of race
The correct answer is letter B.
Privilege gives white people higher wages, greater access to education, and even more ability to stay alive.
Being one of the consequences of racial inequality in the country since the period of enslavement, white privilege is a silent, naturalized factor in daily life that conditions blacks to the worst conditions of life and guarantees whites easy access to various types of social advantages.
The concept of ______ court has originated as a way to keep first-time juvenile offenders who commit minor offenses and are willing to admit guilt from being processed in the formal juvenile justice system.
The concept of Teen court has originated as a way to keep first-time juvenile offenders who commit minor offenses and are willing to admit guilt from being processed in the formal juvenile justice system.
Explanation:
The teen court, also known as peer court, includes volunteering teens trained in court hearings, a judge and other adult coaches. Individuals who are charged with crimes such as minor/petty theft, battery, trespassing and other misdemeanours. It prevents teens from facing serial judicial processing while also pleading guilty.
The most teen courts are valid, legal for the process of hearing cases and sentence fulfillment. It depends on training, support from community with court systems which is very traditional. Teen courts are served by youth volunteers.
In a controlled experiment, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers") would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year. In reality, the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers, and were no smarter than any of the other students. Which of the following best describes the results of this study? At the end of the year:
A. bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers.
B. there were no IQ differences between bloomers and non-bloomers, but the bloomers were more interested in school.
C. non-bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did bloomers.
D. bloomers and non-bloomers performed equally well on an IQ test.
Answer:
The answer is A. Bloomers improved more on an IQ test than did non-bloomers.
Explanation:
It is most likely that at the end of the year, the students called bloomers would've improved more on an IQ test than the rest of the students. The results of this experiment can be explained by the Pigmalion effect, which was also a theoretical insight provided by the researchers after conducting this experiment.
The Pigmalion effect explains that teachers' expectations affect students' academic results; if the teacher expects a certain student to perform well and improve, it is likely that he will treat him according to his expectation and therefore, it is likely that the student will perform well. On the contrary, if a teacher expects a student to fail and to perform badly, he will also treat him accordingly and the student probably will perform in that way.
The study by Rosenthal and Jacobson demonstrated that the 'bloomers', who were randomly labeled to show academic improvement, indeed showed greater gains in IQ, particularly in first and second graders, reflecting the Pygmalion effect.
In the controlled experiment conducted by Rosenthal and Jacobson in 1968, the results indicated that the group of students who were randomly selected and labeled as "bloomers" displayed a greater improvement in IQ over the academic year compared to those who were not labeled as such. This effect was especially pronounced in younger students, specifically those in the first and second grades, which suggests that younger children are particularly susceptible to the influence of teacher expectations. This phenomenon is known as the Pygmalion effect, where expectations can essentially alter reality and lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. It is an important aspect of educational psychology as it highlights the impact that teacher perceptions can have on student performance.
A(n) ____________________ implementation is the most common conversion strategy and involves a measured rollout of the planned system with a part of the system being brought out and disseminated across an organization before the next piece is implemented.
Answer:
I believe it's phased
You are a fraud investigator working on an engagement. You decide to search through the suspect’s garbage. When would this be considered a legal activity?a. When the trash is in the possession of the suspectb. When the trash has left the suspect's home or sidewalkc. Searching through a person's trash is never considered as a legal activityd. When the trash is left unattended inside the suspect’s home
Letter B is the correct answer.
Garbage left on curb is considered to be public property. Thus, police officers do NOT need a warrant to search through suspect's garbage when the garbage has left the suspect's home or sidewalk. However, if the trash can has not been abandoned yet and is reasonably close to the house, then searching through it without a warrant is considered illegal.
Tracy, a first-year law student, needs a place to live for the rest of the spring semester. She drives past an apartment complex that advertises "rentals by the week or month." On January 6, she visits the apartment manager’s office and speaks with Sonny. Tracy tells him that she needs a quiet, comfortable apartment "for a couple of months." Sonny shows Tracy a spacious one-bedroom unit that’s open, which she agrees to take. They agree to a weekly rental of $200, and she moves in the next morning. Tracy and Sonny do not sign any writing or document. What sort of leasehold does Tracy have?
Answer:
She has a spoken agreement.
Explanation:
A spoken agreement is one formed only verbally between the parties involved without putting anything down in paper. It's a type of agreement that is sustained by the member's honor and responsibility.
Illiana did an historical/comparative of college yearbooks over a 30-year time period. Her particular goal was to take on the circumstances, views, and feelings of those she studied so that she could interpret their lives appropriately. It would be best to use
Answer:
verstehen.
Explanation:
In German, the term "verstehen" means to understand something very clearly or deeply. In psychology, this a behavioral study or understanding where the person who is experimenting or researching wants to understand other people's experience.
Verstehent is important according to Max Weber to understand how things work at the society at larger level.
In the context, Illiana wishes to experience the lives of what she have studied during the historical/comparative of college yearbooks over a 30-year time period.
Thus the answer is ---
verstehen.
An individual joining an interest group for friendship is pursuing ______________, while those who gain satisfaction from taking action and pursuing the shared goals of the group are gaining ____________.
Solidary incentives and purposive incentives are the correct answers, respectively.
According to the American sociologist Mancur Olson, individuals do NOT join groups for rational means but through incentives. These incentives can be either solidary, material or purposive. Material incentives are understood as economic benefits or opportunities that will come afterwards. Solidary incentives, on the other hand, include companionship, a sense of belonging that will come with the pleasure of associating together. Purposive incentives are related to the ethical beliefs and principles that the person holds.
The practice of developing reasonably challenging budgets tend to help:
A. discourage outminusofminustheminusbox and creative thinking as there is very little room for error
B. increase anxiety without motivation not meeting them is viewed as a failure
C. set unrealistic expectations and are perceived as overly ambitious and unachievable
D. motivate improved performance as employees work more intensely to avoid failure
Answer:
D. motivate improved performance as employees work more intensely to avoid failure
Explanation:
Budgets in an organization is the strategies to which company uses to achieve its goal. It also helps to reorganized their strategies and plans towards the goal and optimizes the resources available.
It is to coordinate the strategies and plans to implement a plan.
It is the initial plan that the company intends to achieve in a period accounting to both financing and operating decisions.
Organization tries to develop challenging budgets to motivate the employees to improve their performance to avoid failure. It is the end product of negotiation as the management wants more output while the subordinates want easy targets to complete.
Thus it is used as a motivation to improve performance.
Therefore the answer is ---
D. motivate improved performance as employees work more intensely to avoid failure
Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day?
A) "I'm academically incompetent and always will be."
B) "Yesterday was just my unlucky day."
C) "I suspect that none of the students in my class did well on that test."
D) "Hardly any of the professors are effective teachers."
Inanna is most likey to respond like "I'm academically incompetent and always will be." hence option A is the answer.
What is Depression?Depression is basically a mental disorder that lowers the mood of a victim, it is mostly caused by stress and anxiety.
In our example, we can see that Inanna condition is somewhat closely related to inferiority complex, as she thinks she is not good enough.
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Inanna, who suffers from chronic depression, is most likely to respond to being told that she performed poorly on a test by attributing it to her personal inadequacies, believing that she is academically incompetent and always will be.
Explanation:According to the social-cognitive perspective, Inanna, who suffers from chronic depression, is most likely to respond to being told that she performed poorly on a test with option A) 'I'm academically incompetent and always will be.' This response indicates an internal attribution, attributing the cause of the poor performance to personal inadequacies. It is a global attribution as it suggests that Inanna believes her poor performance reflects her inadequacy in most aspects of her academic life. Lastly, it is a stable attribution as it implies that Inanna believes her lack of academic competence is unchangeable and will persist over time.
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Question 1 of 3 Which groups were considered citizens in ancient Greece? Select the three correct answers. A. aristocrats B. tenant farmers C. small farmers D. slaves E. foreigners F. women Previous Next
Answer:
a). aristocrats
Explanation:
Ancient Greece is considered to be the birthplace of democracy where the government was run by the elected members and citizens took an active part in it. However, it is different from the modern democracy because the idea of citizenship was limited in ancient Greece. The citizenship was only held by the male wealthy class and foreigners, women, slaves, and children were not considered citizens.
Answer: Aristocrats, Tenant farmers, and small farmers.
Explanation:Slaves, foreigners, or women did not have citizen rights in most ancient Greece society's. Slaves did not have rights because the slaves were sometimes foreigners. Slaves were also made of lower class. And Foreigners did not have a right to vote because they do not originate from Greece.
The parents of a deviant child often want to find some way to excuse their offspring's behavior, and it's common to hear them say, "He just fell in with a bad crowd." Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation most closely resemble?
Answer:
This explanation most closely resembles the "Differential Association theory" of Deviance.
Explanation:
Differential Association theory is a theory of deviance that was developed by Edwin Sutherland and it states that a person will learn to behave in a deviant manner, from the people surrounding him or her.
After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of_______.
Answer: Informational social influence
Explanation:
The informational social influence is the behavior of the person in the similar situation and it is only influenced by the other people when the person believe and desire that the other person is right or correct.
The social influence is basically influenced by the real or the imagined presence of the others.
According to the question, the Raul behavior are basically illustrate about the informational social influence impact after hearing the lecture by the medical authorities.
When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of_____________.
The correct answer would be, Liberation Theology.
...or at least fund the citizens so that they might help their neighbors. This is an example of Liberation Theology.
Explanation:
A movement in Christian Theology is called as the Liberation Theology. Liberation Theology is basically a synthesis of the the mentioned theology and the socioeconomic analyses. It was developed mainly by Latin Americans Roman Catholics.
Liberation Theology was a movement to address the problem of poverty. In this movement, social justice and spiritual matters were also addressed.
So when Rosa and Sergei realized that poor were being neglected in their synagogue, they wrote a letter to government and asked them to take measures to stop the poverty or at least help the poor. This is an example of Liberation Theology.
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Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. This is an example of a(n) ___________.
A. arousal
B. expectancy
C. incentive
D. attribution
Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. This is an example of an expectancy.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
When a person has a particular thought or hope with regards to some future event, such thought is refer to as expectancy. It is very natural for human to have expectations from others, oneself or the natural course of life. People may have positive expectations or they may be negative.
In the present situation, Chelsea has a set of believe that she will not be promoted even though she is working for long hours and producing good quality work. Her state of thinking or believe can be said to be an expectancy.
Mercedes takes her 1-year-old son, Justice, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Justice eagerly explores the playroom as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns, he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who____________.A. share an avoidant attachment relationship.B. share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationshipC. share a secure attachment relationshipD. have not yet developed an attachment relationship
Answer:
c
Explanation:
since the son really likes the mom
Which of the following is not a feature common to forecasting?
A) Actual results usually differ from forecast values
B) Forecast accuracy decreases as the time covered by the forecast increases
C) Forecast of aggregate demand for group of similar items tend to be more accurate than forecast for individual items
D) Forecast error can be eliminated by better forecast method
E) The common assumption in any forecast method is that causal system existed in the past will continue to exist in the future
Answer:
D) Forecast error can be eliminated by better forecast method
Explanation:
Option A) is a feature common to forecast.
Forecasts may not be perfect. The actual results of the forecast usually differ from that of the predicted values. The presence of randomness in the forecast prevents a perfect forecast. For the forecast errors, allowances should be formed.
Option B) is a feature common to forecast.
The accuracy of the forecast decreases as time period covered by the forecast increases, that is the time horizon increases. The short term forecasts are more accurate than the longer term because they contain very few uncertainties.
Option C) is a feature common to forecast.
Forecasts for groups items is more accurate than forecasts for individual items because there is a cancellation effect in the forecasting errors among the group items.
Option D) is not a feature common to forecast.
Option E) is a feature common to forecast.
The techniques of forecasting normally assumes that the underlying causal system which existed in the past will continue to exist in the future.
Thus the answer is ---
D) Forecast error can be eliminated by better forecast method
Tom needs to make a trip to Ohio from his home state of Texas. He asks his neighbor, Jerry, to feed his parakeet while he is in Ohio. Jerry feeds the parakeet, but one day the bird escapes its cage and flies away. Since this is a bailment for the sole benefit of the bailor ________.
Answer:
Jerry owes a duty of slight care, in regards to the parakeet
Explanation:
In this situation since this is a bailment for the sole benefit of the bailor, Jerry owes a duty of slight care, in regards to the parakeet. This refers to the fact that Jerry has a legal obligation to adhere to the rules set forth by Tom and demonstrate a level of reasonable care when performing these rules/tasks, since not doing so may bring harm to the parakeet or Tom. Which by neglecting to make sure that the cage was closed properly the bird is forever gone and Tom is hurt both financially and emotionally from the parakeets loss.
Despite the insights that PERT provides, there are still practical limitations that impact its usefulness. All of the following difficulties are associated with the use of PERT EXCEPT: a. There is no assurance that three estimates are any more accurate than one b. It does not accurately address the case when two activities both need to be accomplished before a third can begin. c. It often requires more effort to generate three estimates than one. d. It highlights uncertainty in project duration
Answer:
d. It highlights uncertainty in project duration
Explanation:
The acronym PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique. It is method that is used to determine the tasks or activities that are scheduled and examines how much time is required to complete each activity. It is used in project management to determines the minimum time required to complete the whole project.
Despite its highly usage in determining the time required to complete a project, it provides several limitations to its practical use. Like it can provide correct information about the accuracy of one element of any three estimates. It also does not provide the information when exactly a third scheduled task can begin before the accomplishing the two ongoing activities.
Thus the correct answer is--
d. It highlights uncertainty in project duration
The everyday experience of bureaucratic organizations is determined by where one fits into the hierarchical structure. Bureaucracies look very different depending on whether one is situated at the top, middle, or bottom.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Bureaucratic organizations are strictly based on a command system which deals with its top level management controlling every single decision that goes on with the organization.
It is very organized and has a high degree of formality, therefor, for one to actually enjoy a bureaucratic structure or organization, one needs to be among its top managements,
Client A has schizophrenia believed to be caused by brain dysfunction, and he is being seen by a psychiatrist Client B has a mild eating disorder believed to be caused in part by inaccurate belief and he is being seen by a clinical psychologist. Client A will likely receive _________ and client B will likely receive________ a. deep brain stimulation treatment: behavioral therapy b, humanistic therapy; an antipsychotic c. social skills training: a stimulant d. an antipsychotic; cognitive therapy
Client A will likely receive an antipsychotic; and client B will likely receive cognitive therapy.
Explanation:
Antipsychotic are drugs only available on prescription offered to patients with mental health problems and who show signs of psychotic experiences. These include schizophrenia, severe depression, bipolar disorder and etc. The drugs are either tablets or are in liquid form.
Cognitive therapy states that our emotions get affected by the way we think. For someone with a mild eating disorder, this type of therapy helps them to understand the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. Being cognitive encourages changing negative thoughts that may lead to toxic behaviours and also promote improving mood and function.
Anna shows no emotions when people tell her happy or sad stories and complains of hearing voices in her head telling her that the TV is spying on her. At times, she remains motionless in her chair for hours. When she does get out of her chair, she poses like the statue in the town square. Which of these represents a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Answer:
Voices in her head telling her TV is spying on her
Remains motionless in her chair for hours and when she does get out of her chair for hours, she poses like a statue in the town square
Explanation: They all constitute mental, relation, thought and emotion disorder. The above statements are positive signs of schizophrenia
Anna's hearing of voices is a positive symptom of schizophrenia, specifically a hallucination, which involves experiencing sensations that are not present in reality.
Explanation:The positive symptom of schizophrenia represented by Anna's experiences is her hearing voices telling her that the TV is spying on her, which is a type of hallucination. Positive symptoms refer to the presence of psychotic behaviors not seen in healthy individuals. They can include hallucinations (such as hearing voices), delusions (false beliefs that are not based in reality), and thought disorders (unusual or dysfunctional ways of thinking).
Anna's lack of emotional response and remaining motionless may be considered negative symptoms, as they are the absence or diminishment of normal behaviors. However, the question specifically asks for the positive symptom, which is clearly the auditory hallucinations Anna is experiencing.
It's important to note that treatment for schizophrenia often involves antipsychotic medications, which can block dopamine receptors to reduce the severity of these symptoms, although they are not a cure and life-long medication may be necessary for management of the condition.
A progressive approach allows an organization to develop a multi-year exercise program to which exercise increase in complexity and each successive exercise builds upon the previous one until mastery is achieved.A) TrueB) False
Answer: True.
Explanation: Progressive approach involves an approach which involves growing from a less complex task to a harder one gradually until the target is achieved.
So according to the question the company has a long term progressive plan to grow better and better until it attains excellence which is a progressive approach.
In the 1950s, television fathers were presented as 9-to-5 workers who came home, poured a drink, and waited for their wives to serve them dinner. Today, a television father might be one who stays at home with the children while his wife heads out the door to work. Viewers who watch these representations accept these different ideas of fathers. What explains this acceptance?
The correct answer would be, Hegemony.
Today, a television father might be one who stays at home with the children while his wife heads out the door to work. Viewers who watch these representations accept these different ideas of father. Hegemony explains this acceptance.
Explanation:
Hegemony is a concept which shows dominance, or leadership, or supremacy or ascendancy of one state or social group over the other. Hegemony can be seen between two individuals, groups or even states.
So when people has accepted the changing roles of men and women and has accepted the change of leadership or supremacy from men to women in the recent decades, this acceptance is called as Hegemony.
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As a project manager of a large project, the customer asks you to inflate the costs by 25 percent. His reasoning for asking for this is that management always ends up reducing the costs of the estimates and so inflating costs is the only way to get the money needed to complete the project. What is the ethical and appropriate response to this situation?
Answer:
In a system of outcome-based ethics, the appropriate response would be to follow the customer's advice because what is paramount is the completion of the project. It is what is convenient for the business, the shareholders, and the project manager himself.
In a more morally-based ethical system, the appropriate system would be to either to refuse to inflate the costs, or to raise these costs only minimally. This in order to maintain financial similarity between reality and what was estimated. An ethical person also would opposed the furtherance of this practice of undervaluing costs in order to win licitations.
Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father. She and her therapist often engage in lengthy verbal interactions, and her therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing. In this case, her therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as
a. biomedical therapy.
b. insight therapy.
c. homeopathic therapy.
d. behavior therapy.
Answer: (B) Insight therapy
Explanation:
The insight therapy is one of the type psychotherapy that the doctors helps the patient for understanding the actions, beliefs and the feeling for influence the current mind state of the person.
It is the form of treatment in which the therapist try to understand the patient feelings and try to figure out the actual problem.
The insight therapy is the process in which the doctors are talk about the past and also childhood of the patient for solve the problem and issue of the patient by determine the main trigger of the patient feeling.
Therefore, Option (B) is correct.
Final answer:
Vicki's therapy, characterized by verbal interactions and exploring solutions for self-understanding, is likely classified as insight therapy.
Explanation:
Vicki is seeing a therapist to work through her relationship troubles with her father. The therapeutic approach described involves lengthy verbal interactions and the exploration of a variety of potential solutions to her problems, suggesting a focus on increasing her understanding of herself and her situation. Given this description, her therapist's approach would most likely be classified as insight therapy.
Unlike biomedical therapy, which often involves medication or medical procedures, insight therapy aims to provide the client with a deeper understanding of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It differs from behavior therapy, which focuses on modifying problematic behaviors, and homeopathic therapy, which uses natural substances to treat physical and mental health conditions.
Roger and Tara are planning a day at the beach with their kids Mark, Kyle, and Becca. Roger packs a lunch for the family, with turkey sandwiches for everyone except Kyle, who only seems to like peanut butter and jelly. Tara is busy making sure that Becca has her asthma inhaler, and that the family has enough sun screen to last the entire day. Mark, the eldest, is helping his dad by packing the family van, and by securing the beach chairs to the roof. Who has asthma? A. MarkB. KyleC. BeccaD. Tara
Answer: (C.) Becca is the one who has asthma.
Explanation: The person in the family that has asthma is one of the kids: Becca. What indicates that Becca is the person with asthma is the clause "Tara is busy making sure that Becca has her asthma inhaler". In other words, the mother, Tara, is checking that her daughter is taking her asthma inhaler, the device holding a medicine for a asthmatic person, to the beach. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Conversations on Twitter move fast and it’s easy to miss the opportunity to engage with an important influencer or prospect. _____________ are a great way to group together similar people and topics in Twitter so you can focus on activity within a group without distractions.
a) Twitter streams
b) Twitter spaces
c) Twitter lists
d) Hootsuite groups
e) Twitter groups
Twitter lists are a great way to group together similar people and topics on Twitter so you can focus on activity within a group without distractions.
Option c
Explanation:
Twitter is a social networking site where instant news and other information are shared in the form of short messages and that messages are called tweets. Tweeting is nothing but posting of short messages in the group which will be useful and interesting to the members.
Twitter list is a list you can create on twitter to organize your topics. This group of Twitter users is simply a curated group that allows you to organize your users in various groups based on the topics.
To edit or delete lists ,
Go to your profile page. Click or tap the Lists tab. You will see lists you have created and also other people's lists you follow under the Subscribe tab. Click on the list you would like to edit or delete from the lists you have created.Rodney has autism. He is a bright student and is extremely interested in insects. His classmates are sometimes amazed by his knowledge. This morning, he found a ladybug in class and he has been talking about beetles for 20 minutes. His classmates are yawning and looking away from him. How is Rodney most likely to react?
Answer:
He will continue to talk about beetles
Explanation:
Autism: The term autism is also referred to as an autism spectrum disorder or ASD. It is defined as consisting of various conditions such as repetitive behavior, social skills, nonverbal communication, and speech. It affects one child in fifty-nine children in the USA.
Types:
1. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
2. Asperger's Syndrome.
3. Autistic Disorder or classic autism.
Symptoms:
1. Poor Eye Contact.
2. Inappropriate Social Interaction.
3. Flat or Monotonous Speech.
Linda passes the bar exam that allows her to practice law. Her parents explain her success by saying, "We knew she could do it; she has always been smart." Linda's parents have attributed performance to
A. situational causes.
B. dispositional causes.
C. dissonant causes.
D. interpersonal causes.
Answer:
The answer is B. dispositional causes.
Explanation:
Dispositional causes are those that arise from individual characteristics, in contrast to external factors (situational causes). For this reason, they are also called internal causes.
Dispositional causes deal with personality and experience. In other words, the behaviour of a person might be explained by his/her unique traits, or past events.
Linda's parents believe that dispositional causes, specifically Linda's intelligence, led to her success in passing the bar exam. This reflects an internal attribution of her achievements as opposed to situational factors.
Explanation:Linda's parents have attributed her success to dispositional causes. This means they believe Linda's intelligence, which is an internal characteristic, is responsible for her passing the bar exam. On the other hand, situational causes would imply that external factors contributed to her success. Dispositional causes relate to one's personality, habits, or temperament, while situational causes involve the external environment or circumstances surrounding the individual.
For example, Jane's belief that her bad grade is a result of her professor not liking her would be an example of an external locus of control, where she views her grade as being influenced by factors outside of her own actions or abilities.
The concepts explored here, including fundamental attribution error and actor-observer bias, highlight the complexity of human behavior and the importance of considering both internal and external factors when evaluating situations.