Convert the temperature of 451 degree Fahrenheit to the units requested: a. Rankine b. Kelvin c. Celsius

Answer:

the three part are mass, spring, damping

Explanation:

vibrating system consist of three elementary system namely

1) Mass - it is a rigid body due to which system experience vibration and kinetic energy due to vibration is directly proportional to velocity of the body.

2) Spring -  the part that has elasticity and help to hold mass

3) Damping - this part considered to have zero mass and  zero elasticity.

Answer:

Hot forging is a process which is carried at a temperature that is higher than the recrystalization temperature.

Explanation:

A connecting rod is used in a reciprocating engine which links the piston to the crankshaft. Connecting rods are made of steel which are hot forged.

The various steps that are used to hot forged a connecting rod are :

1. Rods are made to cut in the required size from the billet by billet shearing machine or saw band.

2. Heating of the billets in the furnace upto its recrystalization temperature.

3. Placing the billets in both upper and lower dies and doing the forging operation.

4. Rolling forging : it is important for the quality of the forged component.

5. Finishing and trimming : finishing is done to improve the surface quality and provide a smooth finish.

6. Inspection : Visual inspection is done for any defects.

Answer: d) a & b

Explanation: Composite materials are made up of two or more different types of phases which include dispersed phase and matrix phase as most important phases.

Answer:

So % increment in tool life is equal to 4640 %.

Explanation:

Initially n=0.12 ,V=130 m/min

Finally  C increased by 10% , V=90 m/min

Let's take the tool life initial condition is [tex]T_1[/tex] and when C is increased it become [tex]T_2[/tex].

As we know that tool life equation for tool

[tex]VT^n=C[/tex]

At initial condition [tex]130\times (T_1)^{0.12}=C[/tex]------(1)

At final condition [tex]90\times (T_2)^{0.12}=1.1C[/tex]-----(2)

From above equation

[tex]\dfrac{130\times (T_1)^{0.12}}{90\times (T_2)^{0.12}}=\dfrac{1}{1.1}[/tex]

[tex]T_2=47.4T_1[/tex]

So increment in tool life =[tex]\dfrac{T_2-T_1}{T_1}[/tex]

                                           =[tex]\dfrac{47.4T_1-T_1}{T_1}[/tex]

So % increment in tool life is equal to 4640 %.

Answer:

Power needed to pump=4.79 KW.

Explanation:

Given that:[tex]T_{1}=283K,T_{2}=313K,Q_{H}=50KW[/tex]

We know that coefficient of performance of heat pump

 COP=[tex]\dfrac{T_{H}}{T_{H}-T_{L}}[/tex]

So COP=[tex]\dfrac{313}{313-283}[/tex]

      COP=10.43

COP=[tex]\frac{Q_{H}}{W_{in}}[/tex]

      10.43 =[tex]\frac{50}{W_{in}}[/tex]

[tex]W_{in}[/tex]=4.79 KW

So power needed to pump=4.79 KW.

Answer:

Force on the bolt = 24.525 kN

Force on the 1st hinge = 8.35 kN

Force on the 2nd hinge = 16.17 kN

Explanation:

Given:

height = 2 m

width =1 m

depth of the door from the water surface = 1.5 m

Therefore,

[tex]\bar{y}[/tex] =1.5+1 = 2.5 m

Hydrostatic force acting on the door is

[tex]F= \rho \times g\times \bar{y}\times A[/tex]

[tex]F= 1000 \times 9.81\times 2.5\times 2\times 1[/tex]

         = 49050 N

         = 49.05 kN

Now finding the Moment of inertia of the door about x axis

[tex]I_{xx}=\frac{1}{12}\times b\times h^{3}[/tex]

[tex]I_{xx}=\frac{1}{12}\times1\times 2^{3}[/tex]

               = 0.67

Now location of force, [tex]y^{*}[/tex]

[tex]y^{*}=\bar{y}+\frac{I_{xx}}{A\times \bar{y}}[/tex]

[tex]y^{*}=2.5+\frac{0.67}{2\times 1\times 2.5}[/tex]

             = 2.634

Therefore, calculating the unknown forces

[tex]F=F_{A}+R_{B}+R_{C} = 49.05[/tex]  ------------------(1)

Now since [tex]\sum M_{R_{A}}=0[/tex]

∴ [tex]R_{B}\times L+R_{C}\times L-F\times \frac{1}{2}=0[/tex]

  [tex]R_{B}+R_{C}-F\times \frac{1}{2}=0[/tex]

  [tex]R_{B}+R_{C}=\frac{F}{2}[/tex]

  [tex]R_{B}+R_{C}=24.525[/tex]        -----------------------(2)

From (1) and (2), we get

[tex]R_{A} = 49.05-24.525[/tex]

                = 24.525 kN

This is the force on the Sliding bolt

Taking [tex]\sum M_{R_{C}}=0[/tex]

[tex]F\times 0.706-R_{A}\times 0.84-R_{B}\times 1.68 = 0[/tex]

[tex]49.05\times 0.706-24.525\times 0.84-R_{B}\times 1.68 = 0[/tex]

[tex]R_{B}[/tex] =8.35 kN

This is the reaction force on the 1st hinge.

Now from (1), we get

[tex]R_{C}[/tex] =16.17 kN

This is the force on the 2nd hinge.

Answer:

The major heat transfer mechanisms are:

Answer:

mechanism of energy transfer in system is depend on Heat and Work:

Explanation:

Heat :Heat is described as the type of energy transmitted by a temperature difference between two structures (or a system and its environment).

Work:it is  is an interaction of energy between a system and its environment. In the form of  work   it can cross the boundaries of a closed system. if energy crossing boundary of the system is not heat then it must be work..

Answer:

Q = 0.118 [tex]m^{3}[/tex]/s

Explanation:

Given :

diameter of the pipe, d = 150 mm

                                       = 0.15 m

Pitot tube co efficient, [tex]C_{v}[/tex] = 1.05

manometer reading is given, x = 167 mm

                                                   = 0.167 m

From manometer reading,we can find the difference between the manometer height, h

 [tex]h =x\times\left [ \frac{S_{m}}{S_{w}}-1 \right ][/tex]

[tex]h =0.167\times\left [ \frac{13.6}{1}-1 \right ][/tex]

h = 2.1042 m

Now, average velocity is v = [tex]C_{v}[/tex][tex]\sqrt{2.g.h}[/tex]

                                            = [tex]1.05\times \sqrt{2\times 9.81\times 2.1042}[/tex]

                                            = 6.74 m/s

Area of the pipe, A = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}\times d^{2}[/tex]

                                = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}\times 0.15^{2}[/tex]

                                = 0.0176 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]

Therefore, flow rate is given by, Q = A.v

                                                          = 0.0176 X 6.74

                                                          = 0.118[tex]m^{3}[/tex]/s

Answer:

93.8 sec

Explanation:

it is given that tab has 350 gallon

we know that 1 gallon = 0.134 cubic foot

350 gallon = 350×0.134=46.9 cubic foot

the delivery pressure is 100 psi which is greater than 80 psi to operate machine

it is given that supply volume is 30 cubic foot per minute

=   [tex]\frac{30}{60}=0.5[/tex] [tex]ft^{3}/sec[/tex]

[tex]time\ required\ =\frac{tab\ air }{supply\ volume}[/tex]

[tex]time\ required\=  [tex]\frac{46.9}{0.5}[/tex]

=93.8 sec

Answer:

  Rotary engine was early known by the name of internal combustion engine. It convert heat from a high pressure of combustion. The main advantage of rotary engine is that it can be operate with less number of vibration. It works on the principle of converting pressure into rotating motion. In rotary engine the expansion pressure is applied on the flank rotor.  

Answer: The rotary engine works on the same basic principle as the piston engine: combustion in the power plant releases energy to power the vehicle. However, the delivery system in the rotary engine is wholly unique. The piston engine performs four key operations: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.

Explanation:

Answer:

Pumps converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy while turbines convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

Explanation:

The machines which converts and transfers mechanical energy in the form of torque on the shaft into hydraulic energy in the form of water under pressure are called pumps whereas those machines which converts water pressure or hydraulic energy into mechanical energy that is further converted into electrical energy are called turbines.

   The pump impeller rotates in the opposite direction to the turbine runner.

A turbine delivers work as output whereas a pump consumes work.

First law of thermodynamics for a pump :

W = ( H₁-H₂) +Q  , where H₁ > H₂

First law of thermodynamics for a turbines :

W = ( H₂-H₁) +Q  , where H₁ < H₂

Answer:

Answer:

1.Flange mounting:

2.Foot mounting:

3.Mounting on end joint:

extra.4. Trunnion mounting

Answer:stress=79.56MPa

strain=[tex]3.8\times 10^{-4}[/tex]

Young Modulus=209.36 GPa

Explanation:

Given data

d=20 mm

Length[tex]\left ( L\right )[/tex]=80mm

[tex]\Delta {L}[/tex]=[tex]3.04\times 10^{-2}[/tex]mm

Load=[tex]25\times 10^{3}[/tex]N

[tex]\left ( i\right )[/tex]

Stress=[tex]\frac{Load\ applied}{cross-section}[/tex]

Stress=[tex]\frac{25\times 10^{3}}{314.2}[/tex]

Stress=79.56MPa

[tex]\left ( ii\right )[/tex]

Strain=[tex]\frac{Change\ in\ length}{Length}[/tex]

Strain=[tex]\frac{3.04\times 10^{-3}}{80}[/tex]

Strain=[tex]3.8\times 10^{-4}[/tex]

[tex]\left ( iii\right )[/tex]

young modulus[tex]\left ( E\right )[/tex]=[tex]\frac{Stress}{Strain}[/tex]

E=[tex]\frac{79.56\times 10^{6}}{3.8\times 10^{-4}}[/tex]

E=209.36GPa

Answer:

(b)Distortion energy theory.

Explanation:

The best suitable theory for ductile material:

       (1)Maximum shear stress theory (Guest and Tresca theory)

It theory state that applied maximum shear stress should be less or equal to its maximum shear strength.

      (2)Maximum distortion energy theory(Von Mises henkey's        theory)

It states that maximum shear train energy per unit volume at any point  is equal to strain energy per unit volume under the state of uni axial stress condition.

But from these two Best theories ,suitable theory is distortion energy theory ,because it gives best suitable result for ductile material.

Answer:

30.12345° can be written as : 30°7'20.42''

Or,

30 degrees 7 minutes and 20.42 seconds.

Explanation:

1 degree consists of 60 arc minutes.  

1 arc minutes consists of 60 arc seconds.  

Thus, 30.12345° can be written as:

30.12345°= 30° + 0.12345°

1° = 60'

So,

0.12345° = 0.12345*60' = 7.407'

Thus, 7.407' can be written as:

7.407' = 7' + 0.407'

1' = 60''

So,

0.407' = 0.407*60'' = 20.42''

Thus,

30.12345° can be written as : 30°7'20.42''

Answer:

A) Body forces-

  Body forces is the forces which acts throughout the volume of the body.     It is basically distributed over the volume and mass of the element of the body. In a body force other body exerts a force without being contract.  

For example : Gravity forces, electromagnetic forces, centrifugal forces.

B) Surface forces-

   Surface forces is the forces which are distributed all over the free surface of the body. Surfaces forces can be further divided into two perpendicular components as: normal forces and shear forces.

For example : Pressure forces and viscous forces.              

Answer:

The given statement for temperature and convection is False.

Explanation:

Convection is not a function of temperature to the fourth power but it depends linearly on temperature. the below equation shows the linear relation of heat transfer due to convection and temperature:

Q = [tex]H_{c}A(T_{hot} - T_{cold} )[/tex]

Whereas, radiation is a function of temperature to the fourth power.

The Stefan-Boltzmann law gives the relationship between an object's temperature and the amount of radiation it emits. The law is given by:

[tex]Q=\sigma T^{4}[/tex]

Answer:

speed = 16.44 m/s

Acceleration = 71.36 m/s²

Explanation:

Given data

Speed ( N) = 240 rpm

angle  = 45°

stoke length(L)  = 750 mm

length of rod ( l )  = 1500 mm

To find out

the piston speed and acceleration

Solution

we find speed by this formula

speed = r ω (sin(θ) + (sin2(θ)/ 2n))  ...................1

here we have find  r and ω

ω = 2[tex]\pi[/tex] N / 60

so ω = 2[tex]\pi[/tex] × 240 / 60

ω =  25.132 rad/s

n = l/r =  1500/750 = 2

we know  L = 2r

so r = L/2 = 750/2 = 375 mm

put these value in equation 1

speed = 375 × 25.132 (sin(45) + (sin2(45)/ 2×2))  

speed = 16444.811823 mm/s = 16.44 m/s

Acceleration = r ω² (cos(θ) + (cos2(θ)/ n))  ...................2

put the value  r, ω and n in equation 2

Acceleration = r ω² (cos(θ) + (cos2(θ)/ n))

Acceleration  = 375 × (25.132)² (cos(45) + (cos2(45)/2))  

Acceleration = 71361.363659 = 71.36 m/sec²

Answer:

Isobaric process

Explanation:

The process in which the system pressure remain constant is called is called isobaric process. The word "iso"means same and baric means pressure.

At constant pressure, the work done is given by :

[tex]W=p\times \Delta V[/tex]

Where

W is the work done by the system

p is the constant pressure

[tex]\Delta V[/tex] is the change in volume

So, the correct option is (c) " isobaric process ".

Answer:

Explanation:

WATER CONTENT IN AIR-the water content of the air varies from place to place and from time to time because water content in air is dependent on temperature if temperature is change then water content also change water exist in air as a solid liquid and gas

RELATIVE HUMIDITY-Relative humidity is the ratio of partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature  relative humidity depends on temperature and pressure of the system

Enthalpy-when a substance changes at constant pressure enthalpy tells how much heat and work was added or removed from the substance

enthalpy is equal to the sum of system internal energy and product of its pressure and volume.it is denoted H

Answer:

FALSE

Explanation:

REYNOLDS NUMBER :Reynolds number is used to indicate whether the fluid flow past a body or turbulent. it is a dimensionless number

REYNOLDS NUMBER OF A INTERNAL TURBULENT FLOW: For a flow in a pipe experimental observation show that the critical reynolds number is about  2300 for the practical purpose . so the reynolds number can not be so high as 500000

Answer:

The solar panel efficiency in converting solar energy in electrical energy is 18%.

Explanation:

The solar panel's  efficiency can be defined as:

[tex] n= \frac{Pe}{Ps}*100\%[/tex]

Where Pe and Ps are the output electrical power and input solar power respectively. The electrical is computing in terms of the voltage and current delivered:

[tex]Pe=I.V[/tex]

[tex]Pe=4.8 A * 15 V[/tex]

[tex]Pe= 72 AV = 72 W [/tex]

The net solar power of panel is found by multiplying the solar intensity by the panel area in square meters:

[tex]Ps = Is.Ap[/tex]

[tex]Ps = 1000 W/m^2 *(0.8 m * 0.5 m)[/tex]

[tex]Ps = 1000 W/m^2 *(0.40 m^2)[/tex]

[tex]Ps = 400 W [/tex]

Finally the panel efficience n is:

[tex] n= \frac{72 W}{400 W}*100\%[/tex]

[tex] n= 0.18*100\% = 18\%[/tex]

Answer:

Tapering is basically the process of thinning or reducing a work piece according to the set standards. and the final product after tapering is known as tapered workpiece.

Solution:

Included angle = 70 degrees

setting on the swivel base is given by:

2α = 70°

α = 35°

Therefore, the setting on the swivel base should be 35°

Answer:

a). Soderberg method

Explanation:

A straight line joining the endurance limit, [tex]S_{e}[/tex] on the ordinate and to the yield strength,[tex]S_{yt}[/tex]  on the abscissa is know as Soderberg line.

   The Soderberg line is the most conservative failure criteria and in this there is no need to consider yielding point in this case.

The equation for Soderberg is given by

[tex]\frac{\sigma _{m}}{S_{yt}}+\frac{\sigma _{a}}{S_{e}}=1[/tex]

where [tex]\sigma _{m}[/tex] is mean stress

           [tex]\sigma _{a}[/tex] is amplitude stress

Answer:

a). TRUE

Explanation:

Absolute zero temperature is the lowest possible temperature that can be achieved where no heat energy remains in the body. Absolute zero temperature is 0 k in the Kelvin scale and -273.16 degree Celsius in Centigrade scale.

             All bodies with temperature greater than absolute zero emits energy in the form of electro magnetic radiation. Two laws namely Stefan Boltzmann law and Wein's law gives the basis of the fact that bodies with temperature greater than absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation.

Stefan Boltzmann law : It states the relationship between temperature of the body and radiations that it can emit.

                         E = σ. [tex]T^{4}[/tex]

where E = radiation emissions

           σ =  Stefans Boltzmann constant

           t is temperature

Wein's Law : It states the temperature of the object and the wavelength at which the body emits maximum radiations.

[tex]\lambda _{max} = \frac{b}{T}[/tex]

where λ is wavelength

           b  is a constant

           T is temperature

Answer:

a) [tex]T_{2}=837.2K[/tex]

b) [tex]e=91.3[/tex] %

Explanation:

A) First, let's write the energy balance:

[tex]W=m*(h_{2}-h_{1})\\W=m*Cp*(T_{2}-T_{1})[/tex]  (The enthalpy of an ideal gas is just function of the temperature, not the pressure).

The Cp of air is: 1.004 [tex]\frac{kJ}{kgK}[/tex] And its specific R constant is 0.287 [tex]\frac{kJ}{kgK}[/tex].

The only unknown from the energy balance is [tex]T_{2}[/tex], so it is possible to calculate it. The power must be negative because the work is done by the fluid, so the energy is going out from it.

[tex]T_{2}=T_{1}+\frac{W}{mCp}=1040K-\frac{1120kW}{5.5\frac{kg}{s}*1.004\frac{kJ}{kgk}} \\T_{2}=837.2K[/tex]

B) The isentropic efficiency (e) is defined as:

[tex]e=\frac{h_{2}-h_{1}}{h_{2s}-h_{1}}[/tex]

Where [tex]{h_{2s}[/tex] is the isentropic enthalpy at the exit of the turbine for the isentropic process. The only missing in the last equation is that variable, because [tex]h_{2}-h_{1}[/tex] can be obtained from the energy balance  [tex]\frac{W}{m}=h_{2}-h_{1}[/tex]

[tex]h_{2}-h_{1}=\frac{-1120kW}{5.5\frac{kg}{s}}=-203.64\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]

An entropy change for an ideal gas with  constant Cp is given by:

[tex]s_{2}-s_{1}=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})-Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})[/tex]

You can review its deduction on van Wylen 6 Edition, section 8.10.

For the isentropic process the equation is:

[tex]0=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})-Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})\\Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})[/tex]

Applying logarithm properties:

[tex]ln((\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R} )=ln((\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})^{Cp} )\\(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R}=(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})^{Cp}\\(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R/Cp}=(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})\\T_{2}=T_{1}(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R/Cp}[/tex]

Then,

[tex]T_{2}=1040K(\frac{120kPa}{278kPa})^{0.287/1.004}=817.96K[/tex]

So, now it is possible to calculate [tex]h_{2s}-h_{1}[/tex]:

[tex]h_{2s}-h_{1}}=Cp(T_{2s}-T_{1}})=1.004\frac{kJ}{kgK}*(817.96K-1040K)=-222.92\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]

Finally, the efficiency can be calculated:

[tex]e=\frac{h_{2}-h_{1}}{h_{2s}-h_{1}}=\frac{-203.64\frac{kJ}{kg}}{-222.92\frac{kJ}{kg}}\\e=0.913=91.3[/tex] %

Answer:

Explanation:

Thermostatic expansion valve is mainly a throttling device commonly used in air conditioning systems and refrigerators.

It is an automatic valve that maintains proper flow of refrigerant in the evaporator according to  the load inside the evaporator. When the load in the evaporator is higher the valve opens and  allows the increase in flow of refrigerant and when the load reduces the valve closes a bit and  reduces the flow of refrigerant. This process leads to higher efficiency of compressor as well as the whole refrigeration system.  Thus TEV works to reduce the pressure of refrigerant from higher condenser pressure to the lower evaporator pressure. It also keeps the evaporator active.      

Answer: a) angle, geometry and coordination number

Explanation: Crystal lattice is described as arrangement of groups of atoms inside three dimensional structure of crystal. It has a particular geometry in which atoms are placed in a symmetry. The also have angle in which placement of atoms are done. Co-ordination number also determines the crystal lattice by counting the atoms with which it is bonded. Thus, option (a) is the correct option.

Answer:

The presence of element Carbon.

Explanation:

The diagrams Steel- Carbon usually show the percent the carbon vs the phases of the steel.

In the middle you increase the carbon percent the steels are not commercial because they are no malleables ( Hardennes).  

By the other hand according the application of the steel you need to look the diagram Fe-Cr.