could someone pls help me this is due tomorrow

Answer:

my answer is the use of restriction enzymes.

Answer:

Use of restriction enzymes.

Explanation:

Restriction enzymes are also known as molecule scissors in the recombinant DNA technology. Two main types of restriction endonuclease are exonuclease and endonuclease.

The main function of the endonucleases is to cut the DNA fragments at the specific site. In the diagram, the restriction enzymes function has been shown. The restriction site of the enzyme has been specified and depicted in the picture.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Answer:

The correct answer will be option- Meerkat  with 36 chromosome pairs

Explanation:

Genetic diversity in organisms takes place by the process recombination which takes place during cell division through meiosis.

The process of meiosis takes place during the gamete formation in organisms. During prophase I of meiosis,  the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids takes place mediated by the formation of the synapse between chromosomes.

If the number of chromosomes in an organism will be high then there will be more probability of the genetic recombination process in those organisms.

So the organism with a high number of chromosome pairs can have the maximum chances of genetic recombination and genetic diversity. Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.

In humans, every cell in the body contains the same DNA code, which consists of the entire set of genetic instructions. The answer is d) Humans have 200 different types of cells that develop from 1 DNA code.

During development, cells undergo a process called epigenetic regulation, which involves modifications that control gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic modifications include chemical modifications to DNA, such as methylation, as well as modifications to histone proteins that package DNA.

Dr. Carey provided evidence that genetic identity does not lead to identical phenotypes in organisms through various examples of epigenetic phenomena. However, the fact that humans have 200 different types of cells that develop from 1 DNA code is not an example of an epigenetic phenomenon. It is a result of cellular differentiation and specialization during development, where different cells express different genes and perform specific functions, but it does not involve epigenetic modifications.

Therefore, the answer is d) Humans have 200 different types of cells that develop from 1 DNA code.

For more details regarding DNA sequence, visit:

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Answer:

Variation of mouth parts will decrease

Explanation:

It is given that the insect population has wide variation in shape of nectar gathering mouth parts. Without any disturbance this variation would continue to exist and would be passed on to subsequent generations.

Now the flower shape has changed which leads to efficient collection of nectar by shorter, thicker mouth parts. Insects with such mouth parts would be more competent than others and hence would thrive in population. They will pass on these traits to the next generations too and ultimately shorter, thicker mouth parts would be preferred over other types of mouth parts which will reduce the variation in population. However the variation would not completely cease to exist.

Answer:

a) is present in honhuman primates but not humans, because humans lost this feature.

Explanation:

The opposable big toe is a trait that helps to primates to climb trees easily. Humans' ancestors started to walk in two legs, this created a needing for better stability, so a fixed toe became to evolve to allow our bipedal locomotion.

Therefore, options b and c are wrong. Option d is wrong too because it implies that the group "primates" is newer than "humans", and in fact, "humans" is part of the group "primates", so this is not the correct answer.

The opposable big toe is present in all primates, including humans. Its functionality has been crucial for evolution allowing efficient gripping in many tasks. Though less opposable in humans due to evolution favoring walking, it is not entirely lost.

The opposable big toe is a characteristic found in all primates, including humans. The opposable toe has been crucial in primate evolution, allowing for efficient gripping and manipulation of objects, which has been instrumental in tasks such as foraging for food and navigating arboreal environments.

The toe of humans is not as opposable as those of non-human primates. As humans evolved to walk on two legs (bipedalism), the toe evolved to provide balance and propulsion during walking and running, reducing its opposability to an extent, but not losing it entirely.

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Answer:

The correct answers are options b and d.

Explanation:

Obesity refers to a complex ailment that comprises an excessive concentration of body fat. It refers to a medical condition, which enhances the threat of other diseases and health issues like diabetes, heart disease, a certain type of cancers, and high blood pressure.  

There are many causes why some individuals exhibit difficulty in preventing obesity. Generally, obesity results from a combination of social, environmental and inherited factors, apart from this it also depends upon one's personal diet and exercise choices.  

Some of the risk factors for the development of the condition are family inheritance and influences, an unhealthy diet, and inactivity.  

Some of the societal influences that can contribute to the condition is getting influenced by the food commercials displayed in between the television shows, adoption of unhealthy habits, and easier accessibility of movie, television, and computer games that enhances the sedentary lifestyle of an individual.  

However, of the mentioned options, the self-esteem of an individual, and the resting metabolic rate of the individual do not contribute to obesity. Thus, the mentioned options are not examples of societal elements contributing to obesity.  

Final answer:

To determine if a nucleic acid sample is RNA or DNA, testing for the presence of uracil is most appropriate, as it only occurs in RNA, not DNA.

Explanation:

A scientist who wants to perform a test to determine whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA should test for the presence of the nitrogenous base uracil. DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil but not thymine. The presence of the  uracil would indicate that the sample is RNA, and the absence would indicate that the sample is likely DNA. Similarly, if thymine is present, the nucleic acid is more likely to be the DNA as RNA does not contain thymine.

Answer:

Typically result from enzymatic metabolism.

Explanation:

Many microorganisms are used in various branches in the commercial sector, from manufacturing food products to promoting cleanliness in a contaminated environment. These microorganisms promote a cheap action and without degrading nature, because naturally, through their enzymatic metabolism can create biological products of great economic value for humanity.

Answer:

Hormones.

Explanation:

Hormones have a really low concentration in blood but are able to trigger a large response because they bind their receptors with extreme affinity, this means that even when there are just a few molecules, they will bind the receptor. Once this interaction happens, the receptor passes the information to the inside of the cell, interacting with many other molecules that continue passing the message to generate a response. Thanks to this, a single hormone can trigger interactions between hundreds of other molecules that amplify the signal, causing a large biological response.

Answer:

The answer would be the epithelial tissue.

Explanation:

Epithelial  tissue. The cells in epithelial tissue are tightly packed together with very little intercellular matrix. Because the tissues form coverings and linings, the cells have one free surface that is not in contact with other cells.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

all levels of organisation within an organism are interdependent

Explanation:

Answer:

The following step is to sterilize the wire loop, turn the plate 90 degrees, collect some organisms from the first area and continue to streak on the second area. Repeat for the third area.

Explanation:

The goal of three-phase streak is to obtain isolated colonies in the plate. To do this, the culture is diluted by spreading it through the entire plate.

In the first phase, one third of the plate  is used to streak the initial inoculum in a zig-zag motion. As the wire spreads, the densitiy of organisms diminishes and colonies start to be further apart. Doing this only one time, is usually not enough to obtain isolated or separated colonies. So two more phases are used.

Before the second phase, the wire is sterilized, and colonies are collected by passing through the first area two or three times, so the inoculum now is much smaller than at the beginning. The organisms are spread in the second third of the plate, also in a zig-zag motion.

The same process is repeated in the third phase, by filling the remaining area of the plate.

By doing this, it is very probable that the initial culture is diluted enough to obtain single, isolated colonies in the plate which can then be grown separately in order to identify them.

Answer:

d. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes.

Explanation:

The prokaryotic cells are those which do not have a defined or definite nucleus because the nucleus is not bounded by the nuclear membrane. This type of nucleus is called nucleon. The prokaryotic cell also does not have membrane-bound cell organelles. Thus, the prokaryotic cell is not partitioned by internal membranes.

Whereas, a eukaryotic cell has a well-defined or definite nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, the eukaryotic cell is partitioned by internal membranes.

Answer:

Endorphin is a type of neurotransmitter with similar properties to morphine.

Explanation:

Endorphins are a large group of peptide hormones in humans and other animals. Endorphins are produced by the pituitary gland and nervous system. They are helping to reduce pain, they are releasing in responding to pain and stress, They are also releasing in other activities such as eating, exercise etc.

Other benefits of endorphins includes:

Reducing the weight.

Reducing stress and anxiety.

Helping in deal with pain during childbirth.

Reducing the symptoms of depression.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-D.

Explanation:

Biologists have identified eight characteristic feature of a living organism which distinguishes the living organism from non-living organism.

The features are that organisms should contain: cells, heredity material, metabolism, reproduction, sensitivity, homeostasis, growth and development.

In the given question, when the scientist hypothesized that structure is living organism then it should show all the options provided as all of these features are shared by the living organism.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

Answer:

Names mean different things to different people.

Explanation:

Language barriers could prevent something from being understood

As well as this, a word that might be normal in one language could have a completely different meaning in another language

Answer:

There may be no common name for an organism.

Names mean different things to different people.

Foreign names may not be understood.

Many names may exist for the same organism.

Answer:

Telomerase

Explanation:

Telomerase enzyme catalyze the reaction of maintaining the length of telomeres, preventing it from degradation or shortening by adding guanine rich sequences towards the end of DNA. Telomeres basic function is to maintain and protect our genetic information because every time DNA replicates a short piece of chromosome is lost.

Answer: Option D.

Explanation:

Outer ear is the external part of ear called pinna with a helical shape.

Pinna helps in collecting sound waves and guide them to the eardrum.

The pinna helps in assisting the difference in pressure inside and outside the ear. Pinna function sin resisting the high pressure of sound waves inside the ear and makes the smoother sound to transmit which passes into the auditory canal.

Hence, the correct option is D.

The basic function of the outer ear is to concentrate and funnel sound waves to the eardrum.

The basic function of the outer ear is to concentrate and funnel sound waves to the eardrum. It acts like a funnel, capturing and directing sound waves towards the ear canal and eardrum. This helps in collecting and transmitting sound efficiently. The shape of the outer ear helps in determining the direction of sound as well.

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Answer:

A. The number of cells that are dying is balanced by the number of new cells that are being formed.

C. Harmful waste products may be accumulating.

D. The cells are likely running out of nutrients.

Explanation:

During the stationary phase, the number of viable cells remains constant. This may be due to a balance between cell division and cell death wherein the total number of newly formed cells and the cells undergoing death are equal.

Nutrient limitation is one of the several factors that make the microbial cells to enter the stationary phase. Depletion of nutrients slows down the population growth.

Accumulation of toxic waste products as it occurs during the growth of anaerobic bacteria also adversely affects the population growth.

For example, the accumulation of lactic acid and other organic acids (by-products of anaerobic respiration) inhibits the growth of the population by making the medium acidic.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer: Evolutionary

Explanation:

Evolution of the male and female reproductive organs is necessary for the advancement of mating strategies that range from simple to complex living beings. This is a kind of adaptation those which have phenotypic characteristics favourable to attract the mates will reproduce the offspring. These traits will be passed on to the progeny and evolution of the species will take place.

Answer:

Epithelial Tissue

Explanation:

The epithelial tissue can be classified according to the amount of layers, such as simple epithelium (formed by a single cell layer) or stratified epithelium (formed by more than one cell layer).

In addition, this tissue is avascular, in other words, it has no proper blood supply. Its nutrient transport usually occurs by diffusion through connective tissue.

The epithelium layers are able to regenerate quickly and easily when destroyed. Being a coating tissue, its cells have high healing power.

The epithelial tissue has two opposite sides, the outside of the epithelium(cavity), is known as the apical surface, and the inside is called the basal surface (this surface receives nutrients from the connective tissue by diffusion).

Cells on both surfaces are tightly connected, providing protection to the underlying connective tissue.

Finally, epithelial tissue also participates in the process of absorption of substances through the intestinal epithelium.

Answer:

A group of bacteria that accumulate in layers and secrete an protective extracellular material.

Explanation:

The biofilm is a natural way how the bacteria get together to survive in an ecosystem or in another living thing. They build little by little this kind of building with different layers of bacteria that secrets a polymer, this protection polymer could be useful to protect the colony or to be attach to another cell or to a tissue. In medicine and in veterinarian studies is interesting because can be useful to create a film to protect some injuries.

Answer: A group of bacteria that accumulate in layers and secrete an protective extracellular material

Explanation:

Biofilm comprises any spectrum of microorganisms, including pathogens in which cells stick to each other and to a surface, so they become adherent cells. These cells become embedded within an extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and DNA) which surrounds and protects cells. For this reason, bacterial biofilms cause chronic infections because they show increased tolerance to antibiotics.

Answer:

Statement 1: hypothesis

Statement 2: natural law

Statement 3: theory

Explanation:

1) An hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. It provides a suggested outcome. It needs to be tested through experimentation.

The statement says that an increase in sun exposure, increases the tomato plant growth, which is a suggested outcome and it can be tested.

2) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, is the first law of thermodynamics.

A scientific law is the description of an observed phenomenon. Without an explanation of the causes behind it.

3) A scientific theory is the explanation of a given phenomenon, based on a large body of empirical data.

This why after the pale and dark moths example, it says: Natural Selection had caused a change in the British moth population.

It is a theory that explains the phenomenon quoted.

Answer:

a) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus

Explanation:

The strength of a muscle contraction is determined by:

Number 1 is the only necessary factor for your answer.

The strongest muscle contractions are achieved by a) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus, which activates all available muscle fibres that can participate in the contraction.

The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by a) increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus. This is referred to as maximal tetanic stimulation. When a muscle fibre is exposed to a rapid series of stimuli, it reaches a point where it is fully contracted, and additional stimuli do not increase contraction strength.

This indicates that all the available muscle fibres that can participate in the contraction have been recruited. In other words, additional stimuli do not cause an increase in contraction force because all the muscle fibres are already engaged. This state of maximal contraction of a muscle fibre is referred to as a maximal stimulus.

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Answer:

Transcription

Explanation:

The DNA is stored in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA has the sequence information of every gene. This means that depending on the DNA sequence, we are going to have a particular protein. The transcription is a process within the cell in which an enzyme called polymerase enters the nucleus and transcribes the DNA into another molecule, RNA. Let's say that this process makes another "copy" of the nucleic acid sequence, but now the RNA is able to get out of the nucleus carrying genetic information into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the RNA is translated into protein. During the translation, a ribosome "reads" the RNA and builds the protein depending on the nucleic acid sequence. To sum up, we can say that the transcription is the first process involved in accessing the information from the DNA.

When a cell accesses information in the DNA of genes, it carries out the processes of transcription and translation. These processes convert DNA information into an RNA formate that's used to construct proteins.

The processes carried out by a cell when it accesses information in the DNA of the genes are transcription and translation.

In transcription, the information stored in the DNA is converted into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA then moves to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm where translation takes place.

During translation, the mRNA sequence is used to build a protein, with each three-letter 'codon' of RNA setting the position of a particular amino acid in the protein. Hence, both these processes together aid in forming proteins, which perform many vital functions in the body.

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Final answer:

In the US, where 0.2% of newborns are affected by sickle cell disease, the expected number of homozygous dominant individuals in a sample of 10,000 newborns is estimated to be approximately 9,126, based on the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium calculations.

Explanation:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, named hemoglobin S, which leads to the sickling of red blood cells. This sickling can block blood flow and cause a range of health issues. In the United States, 0.2% of newborns are affected by SCD.

In a population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the Hardy Weinberg principle to calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals. The frequency of the recessive allele 'q' can be determined by taking the square root of the disease prevalence, which is 0.002 in the US (since 0.2% = 0.002). Applying this, we get q = √0.002 ≈ 0.0447. The frequency of the dominant allele 'p' can be calculated as p = 1 - q which gives us p ≈ 1 - 0.0447 = 0.9553.

The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals is p². So, p² = (0.9553)² ≈ 0.9126. In a sample of 10,000 newborns, the number of individuals homozygous for the normal hemoglobin genotype would be expected to be 10,000 * 0.9126 ≈ 9126.

Answer:

It transmits genetic information to the next generation

Explanation:

DNA stores information on how the cell should be made and ‘run’. This is why it is critical that its integrity is well preserved. Otherwise, mutations on DNA can be lethal to the cell. In higher cells, DNA is protected in the nucleolus. To pass down the genetic information, DNA is replicated by DNA polymerases and then during cell division, either copy of the pair goes to each of the two daughter cells.

Answer:

transmits genetic info to next gen

Explanation:

taking the test