Count: electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the gizmo. the first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (electrons in the inner rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
a. observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how many electrons are there total in each atom? sodium: ____________________ chlorine: ___________________
b. each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. based on this, how many protons are in each atom? sodium: ____________________ chlorine: ___________________

To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO4^2- and use the limiting reagent to find the remaining Ca2+. Finally, use this value to calculate the percentage.

To determine the percentage of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated, we first need to calculate the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- in the solution.

The moles of Ca2+ can be calculated using the formula Molarity (M) = Moles (mol) / Volume (L). Once the moles of Ca2+ and SO42- are known, we can determine which ion is the limiting reagent and calculate how much of the other ion remains unprecipitated.

The formula for the percentage of the Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated is: (Moles of Ca2+ that remains unprecipitated / Initial moles of Ca2+) x 100%.

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Answer: Coli contamination/ E.coli contamination

Explanation:

When there are harmful substance in, whether microorganisms or chemicals in food which can cause adverse effects on animals, the term for it is called food contamination. Food contamination can be caused contamination by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

One of the microorganisms that can be found in food and poses threat to animals life is the Escherichia coli. Escherichia is a bacteria. Naturallyy, the Escherichia coli can be found in animals(including humans) intestines. So, some kinds might be harmless.

While some are poisonous and cause food poisoning. Some of the symptoms include: pneumonia, diarrhea, respiratory illness and so on.

Metabolism is all chemical reactions that occur in organisms, including those that occur at the cellular level.

The three main goals of metabolism are:

In general, metabolism has two directional trajectories for organic chemical reactions:

catabolism, which is a reaction that breaks down molecules of organic compounds, such as the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate by cellular respiration;

anabolism, which is a reaction that assembles (synthesis) organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids from certain molecules.

Catabolism is a series of metabolic processes that break down large molecules, including breaking down and oxidizing food molecules. The purpose of catabolic reactions is to provide the energy and components needed by anabolic reactions in order to build molecules.

Anabolism is a metabolic pathway that arranges several simple organic compounds into chemical compounds or complex molecules. This process requires outside energy. The energy used in this reaction can be either light energy or chemical energy. The energy, then used to bind these simple compounds into more complex compounds. So, in this process the required energy is not lost, but stored in the form of chemical bonds in the complex compounds formed.

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Grade:  College

Subject:  Chemistry

keywords: Metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism.

Buffer solutions can be prepared by using a weak conjugate acid-base pair, such as HC2H3O2 and KC2H3O2 or NH3 and NH4NO3. HCl and NaCl are not an appropriate pair as HCl is a strong acid.

A buffer solution is one that resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or base are added. This is achieved by using a weak conjugate acid-base pair. The pairs of compounds you've mentioned could be used to prepare a buffer solution are HC2H3O2 and KC2H3O2 and NH3 and NH4NO3.

HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) and KC2H3O2 (potassium acetate) are a pair consisting of a weak acid and its salt. Similarly, NH3 (ammonia) and NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) are a pair consisting of a weak base and its salt.

On the other hand, HCL and NaCl couldn't function as a buffer. Since HCl is a strong acid, it doesn't form a buffer with its salt as it doesn't form an appreciable amount of the weak conjugate base.

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The time taken for a first-order reaction's reactant to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M can be calculated using the formula ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. By substituting the provided values into the formula and solving for t, we can get the precise duration.

A first-order reaction relies on the concentration of only one reactant. The rate at which this reaction proceeds is directly proportional to this reactant's concentration. The reaction mentioned in this question has its rate constant (k) as 0.33 min-1.

One key formula used to quantify the reaction rate is ln([A]start / [A]finish) = kt. In this formula, [A]start and [A]finish represent the concentration of the reactant at the beginning and end of the period, and t represents the time taken for the reaction.

Substituting the given values into the formula gives us ln(0.13 / 0.088) = 0.33t. Solving this equation for t the time taken  to decrease from 0.13M to 0.088M.

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Answer : 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius.

Explanation :

The general trend of the atomic radium of the element is that,

As we are going from left to right in a periodic table the atomic radius of the elements decreases and as we are going from top to bottom in a periodic table the atomic radius of the elements increases.

The given elements are the group 15 elements in which the 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius as compared to N, P and As because as we are going from top to bottom in group 15 the the atomic radius of the elements increases that means the number of energy shells increases.

Hence, 'Sb' is the element which has the greatest atomic radius.

Answer : The mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] is, 148.48 grams.

Solution : Given,

Molar mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] = 204 g/mole

As we know that,

1 mole contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms

In the given compound [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex], there are 1 atom of aluminium, 6 atoms of carbon, 9 atoms of hydrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen.

As, [tex]6\times (6.022\times 10^{23})[/tex] number of atoms of oxygen present in 1 mole of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]

So, [tex]2.63\times 10^{24}[/tex] number of atoms of oxygen present in [tex]\frac{2.63\times 10^{24}}{6\times (6.022\times 10^{23})}=0.727[/tex] mole of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex].

Formula used :

[tex]\text{Mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3=\text{Moles of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3\times \text{Molar mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this formula, we get

[tex]\text{Mass of }Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3=0.727mole\times 204g/mole=148.48g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of [tex]Al(C_2H_3O_2)_3[/tex] is, 148.48 grams.

The mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ which contains 2.63 Χ 10²⁴ atoms of oxygen is 148.48 grams.

The mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (aluminum acetate) contains 2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms of oxygen, using the molar mass and stoichiometry.

The molar mass of elements are:

Al: 26.98 g/mol

C: 12.01 g/mol

H: 1.01 g/mol

O: 16.00 g/mol

Molar mass of acetate:

C: 2 × 12.01 g/mol = 24.02 g/mol

H: 3 × 1.01 g/mol = 3.03 g/mol

O: 2 × 16.00 g/mol = 32.00 g/mol

Total molar mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃:

Al: 26.98 g/mol

Acetate: 3 × (24.02 g/mol + 3.03 g/mol + 32.00 g/mol)

= 267.99 g/mol

Convert the given number of oxygen atoms to moles:

Number of oxygen atoms = 2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms

To convert to moles, we use Avogadro's number, which states that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10²³ particles.

Calculate the mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃:

Mass (g) = Number of moles × Molar mass

Substituting the values into the equation:

Mass = (Number of moles of oxygen atoms) × (Molar mass of Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃

Mass = [(2.63 × 10²⁴ atoms) / (6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol)] × (267.99 g/mol)

= 148.48 grams

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The work can be calculated by multiplying the force by the amount of movement of an object.

Mathematically it can be represented as:

[tex]W=F\times d[\tex]

F represents force,

W represents work

d represents distance

Here,

W is given as 10 J

d is the height of shell

F is given as 10 N

So,

by putting all the values in the equation, we get:

10=10\times d

So, d=1 m

so the height of shell will be 1 m.

Answer : - 136.0 KJ/mol

Explanation : The complete question is attached below; assuming that the bond energies are given as per the question to find out the heat of formation of [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] we need to draw its lewis dot structure for this reaction;

[tex] H_{2}_{(g)} + O_{2}_{(g)} ----> H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex]

[tex] H_{2} [/tex] will have H-H bond and [tex] O_{2} [/tex] will have O=O with 2 pairs of lone electrons on each of O atom.....These are the bonds which are broken

In [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] has H-O-O-H bonds; Here, O atom again has 2 pairs of lone pairs on each O atom; ....These are bonds which are made

ΔH°f = ∑ {ΔH(bonds broken) - ΔH (bonds made)}

ΔH°f = ∑ { (432 + 494) - [(459 X 2) +142] }

On solving, We get,

ΔH°f = -136.0 KJ/mol

Hence, the heat of formation for [tex] H_{2}O_{2}_{(g)} [/tex] will be -136.0 KJ/mol

Standardizing a NaOH solution means determining its accurate concentration or molarity. It's necessary because factors like air exposure and the hygroscopic nature of NaOH can distort the accurate measurement of NaOH's weight, leading to inaccurate calculation of molarity. By titration using a known concentration solution, NaOH's accurate molarity can be determined.

Standardizing a solution, in this case a NaOH solution, means to accurate determine the concentration (Molarity) of the solution. It is important because the concentration of NaOH cannot be determined accurately just by dissolving it in water. This is due to factors like air exposure and the hygroscopic nature of NaOH,

Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the air, and so the actual weight and hence, the accordant molar concentration of the NaOH in the solution can be distorted. But, by a process known as titration, using a solution of accurately known concentration to react with the NaOH solution, the molarity can be determined accurately.

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Final answer:

Standardizing a NaOH solution is necessary to accurately determine its concentration due to the presence of impurities and water absorption. The process involves titrating the NaOH against a primary standard like KHP. Without standardization, the molarity of NaOH solution cannot be precisely known.

Explanation:

Standardizing a NaOH Solution:

To standardize the NaOH solution means to accurately determine its concentration because NaOH solid often contains impurities and absorbs water from the atmosphere, which affects its molarity. The process typically involves titrating NaOH against a primary standard such as potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). A carefully weighed amount of dry KHP is dissolved in water and titrated with the NaOH solution. The point at which the reaction between KHP and the NaOH is complete (the endpoint) allows for the calculation of the NaOH's molarity.

One reason the molarity of an NaOH solution cannot be determined accurately without standardization is because commercially available NaOH contains impurities such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and it readily absorbs water (H₂O). As a secondary standard, its exact concentration is not known unless standardized against a primary standard.

If we want to prepare 2 liters of a 0.100 M NaOH solution, we would use the equation: Mass NaOH = Molarity (M) x Molar Mass NaOH x Volume NaOH (L). For NaOH with a molar mass of 40.0 g/mol, the calculation is 0.100 mol/L x 40.0 g/mol x 2.00 L, resulting in 8.00 g of NaOH required.

The net ionic equation for the reaction occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide are combined is:

[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]

An Oxidation-reduction reaction is a reaction in which the oxidation states of an atom is being transformed from one state to the other.

In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, reacting electrons are shifted and transferred from one reacting species to another.

The net ionic equation for the reaction occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide are combined is determined as follow:

The complete Ionic equation is:

[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + NaOH_{(aq)} \to NaClO_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]

∴

[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + Na^+_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to Na^+{(aq)} + ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]

The net Ionic Equation is:

[tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]

We can therefore conclude that the net Ionic Equation is [tex]\mathbf{HClO_{(aq)} + OH^-_{(aq)} \to ClO^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}}[/tex]

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Final answer:

The net ionic equation for the reaction between hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq) -> OCl- (aq) + H2O (l). This neutralization reaction forms sodium hypochlorite and water, with sodium ions being spectator ions.

Explanation:

The net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are combined can be written following the principles of a double displacement reaction, which is a type of neutralization reaction. Despite the information provided referring to the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with NaOH, the question asks about hypochlorous acid specifically. Thus, the reaction between HOCl and NaOH will result in the formation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and water (H2O), not HCl and NaOH.

Here is the net ionic equation for the HOCl and NaOH reaction:
HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq) → OCl- (aq) + H2O (l)

In this reaction, the OCl- is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid, and the hydroxide ion (OH-) comes from the sodium hydroxide. The H+ from the acid and the OH- from the base combine to form water, leaving the OCl- and Na+ ions in solution. As Na+ is a spectator ion, it does not appear in the net ionic equation.

There are three atoms of Sn (Stannous or Tin) in 356.13 g of Sn.

One atom of Sn has the atomic mass (mₐ) of 118,71u which means:

356.13/118.71=3 atoms of Sn

The mass number (symbol A) also called atomic mass number or nucleon number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms and it is in the periodic table.

Initially, the pH of the solution is 7, and the hydronium ion concentration is 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M. Adding acid increases the concentration by 100 times to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M, resulting in a new pH of 5. The answer is D) 5.

Initially, the pH of the solution is 7, indicating a hydronium ion concentration of 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M. When acid is added, the hydronium ion concentration becomes 100 times greater. The new concentration will be:

1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M × 100 = 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M

The pH is calculated using the formula:

Substituting the new hydronium ion concentration into the formula:

pH = -log(1.0 × 10⁻⁵) = 5

Thus, the pH of the new solution is 5. The correct answer is D) 5.

Final answer:

To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula: ΔT = Kf × m × i, where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9. The freezing point of the solution can be found by subtracting the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water.

Explanation:

To determine the freezing point of a 1.50 m NaCl solution, we need to calculate the freezing point depression using the formula:

ΔT = Kf × m × i,

where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for water, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van 't Hoff factor. In this case, the van 't Hoff factor for NaCl is given as 1.9.

Let's substitute the given values into the formula:

ΔT = 1.86 °C/m × 1.50 m × 1.9,

ΔT = 5.31 °C.

To find the freezing point of the solution, we subtract the calculated freezing point depression from the freezing point of pure water, which is 0 °C:

Freezing point = 0 °C - 5.31 °C = -5.31 °C.

Therefore, the 1.50 m NaCl solution would freeze at a temperature of -5.31 °C.

Answer:

The answer is 83

Explanation:

I took a quiz and 63 was wrong and it was 83

Answer:

176 L liters of water vapor can be produced.

Explanation:

Using the Ideal gas law,

PV = nRT, where P, T, n, R and T stand for pressure, volume, moles, universal gas constant and temperature respectively.

n = m/M, where n, m and M stand for moles, mass and molar mass respectively.

PV = [tex]\frac{mRT}{M}[/tex]

Given ,

T = 312 K

P = 0.98 atm

m = 108 g

M (CH4) = 16.04 g /mol

R = 0.0821 Latm/molK

V = [tex]\frac{mRT}{PM}[/tex]

Plugging the numbers in the  Ideal gas law we get,

V = [tex]\frac{(108 g)(0.0821 Latm/molK)(312K)}{(16.04g/mol)(0.98atm)}[/tex]

V = 175.99 L

The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 °C is 364.42 m/s.

The root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms can be calculated using the equation Vrms= √(3kT/m), where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of the particle.

To calculate the velocity, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the value in degrees Celsius. In this case, the temperature is 26 °C, so T = 26 + 273.15 = 299.15 K.

Substituting the given values and the molar mass of argon into the equation, we get Vrms= √(3 (1.38x10-23 J/K) (299.15 K) / (39.948 g/mol)) = 364.42 m/s.

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The root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius is calculated using the root mean square equation and the constants for the Boltzmann constant and the molar mass of argon. The temperature is also converted to Kelvin.

In order to calculate the root mean square velocity of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius, we have to use the root mean square speed equation, which is also known as the urms equation. The urms is a measure of the average speed for a group of particles. This equation is calculated as the square root of the average squared speed.

Firstly, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Hence, the temperature (T) becomes 299.15K.

The formula for root mean square velocity is Vrms = sqrt(3kT/m) where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38×10−23 J/K) and m is the molar mass of argon which is 39.95g/mol. Please note, that the molar mass should be converted to kg/mol which becomes 39.95x10^-3 kg/mol.

So, urms=sqrt[(3)(1.38×10−23 J/K)(299.15K)/(39.95x10^-3 kg/mol)]. This will give you the root mean square speed of gaseous argon atoms at 26 degrees Celsius.

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Answer:

C. The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.

Explanation:

Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element that exist is the same physical state. In other words, they differ in their bonding arrangement.

Carbon has two allotropes: diamond and graphite.

In diamond each C atom is sp3 hybridised and is bonded to 4 other C atoms forming a tetrahedral unit which extends into a crystalline network. In contrast, each C atom in graphite is sp2 hybridised and bonded to 3 other carbon atoms in a crystalline hexagonal layer like structure.

Thus, the carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in widely spaced layers.

1029

(0.3720/2.000)/772.0=(0.4960/2.000)/x

Polar solute dissolve in polar solvent and non polar solute dissolve in non polar solvent. Therefore, at  1029 torr,  0.4960 g of sulfur dioxide would dissolve  in the same amount of water.

Solubility shows the extent of solubility of a solute in solvent to make a solution. Solute is substances that is present in small amount. solvent is a substance that is present in large amount. Its SI unit is gram per litre or g/L.

Bond strength affect the solubility of a solute in solvent. weaker the bond strength is, more the solubility is. The weaker bond can be easily broken by water molecule.

Using henry's law

C₁/T₁=C₂/P₂

C represents concentration and P represents pressure corresponding to the temperature.

(0.3720/2.000)/772.0=(0.4960/2.000)/x

X= 1029 torr

Therefore, at  1029 torr,  0.4960 g of sulfur dioxide would dissolve  in the same amount of water.

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Answer:

It's Aluminium

Explanation:

On Edge 2021

Answer is: B because it has a lower activation energy.

For all chemical reaction some energy is required and that energy is called activation energy (energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start), activation energy for reaction B is lower that for reaction A.

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.

Chemical reactions occur faster with a catalyst because they require less activation energy.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Hello,

As long as it shows important relationships between the size and color of stars, age wouldn't affect observation and measurement but will just provide more accurate results but the method is still valid.

Best regards.

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Answer:

combustion reaction

Explanation:

there is oxides in the equation c3h8(g)+5o2(g)3co2(g)+4h2o(g)

matter is what occupies space and possesses rest mass.