Answer:
DFS Algorithm stands for Depth First Search.
BFS Algorithm stands for Breadth First Search.
Explanation:
DFS stands for Depth First Search. In DFS, starting from the root node all the elements are scanned following one of the branches of the tree till it finds the desired element, if it hits the leaf node then the nearest ancestor is searched and son on.
BFS Algorithm stands for Breadth First Search. In BFS algorithm, starting from the root node all the vertices at the next level are scanned from left to right. That means, starting from the root node, all the level 1 nodes are searched from left to right and then all the level 2 nodes are searched and so on till the finding the desired node.
Both DFS and BFS are advantageous in their own way. However, the memory required for BFS is high when compared to DFS. This is because BFS has to keep track of the pointers of child nodes. If the element that we are searching lies at the end of the graph DFS is faster. If the element that we are searching lies at the top of the graph BFS is faster.
Write a C++ program to exchange values of two variables using function exchange().
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//create the exchange function
void exchange(int a, int b){
int temp; //initialize temporary
//swap the variables value
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
//print the output after exchange
cout<<"a is: "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b is: "<<b<<endl;
}
//main function program start from here
int main(){
//initialization
int a=3, b=6;
exchange(a,b); //calling the function
return 0;
}
Explanation:
Create the function exchange with two integer parameter which takes the value from the calling function.
and then declare the third variable temp with is used for swapping the value between two variables.
first store the value of 'a' in the temp and then assign the 'b' value to 'a' and then, assign the temp value to b.
for example;
a=2, b=9
temp=2;
a=9;
b=2;
So, the values are swap.
and then print the swap values.
Create the main function and define the input a and b with values.
Then, calling the exchange function with two arguments.
Non linear data structures are always betterthan linear data structures;why
please give me strong ressons withexamples.
Answer:
Linear data structures stores data in a sequential order while Non Linear data structures stores data in a non-sequential order.
Non Linear data structures are better than non - linear data structures in terms of memory utilization and they are multilevel or hierarchical approach.
The memory utilization in non linear data structures is always better than linear data structures. Since linear data structures tends to waste memory.
Linear data structures uses single level while non linear data structures uses multilevel to store the data.
linear data structures examples:- arrays,linked lists,stack,queue.
Non-Linear data structures ex:- tree,graphs,heaps.
Final answer:
Non-linear data structures and linear data structures each have their own advantages and use cases, so it is incorrect to say that one is always better than the other.
Explanation:
Non-linear data structures and linear data structures each have their own advantages and use cases, so it is incorrect to say that one is always better than the other.
Linear data structures like arrays and linked lists are simple and efficient for accessing and processing data sequentially. They are suitable for scenarios where data needs to be stored and retrieved in a specific order.
On the other hand, non-linear data structures like trees and graphs are useful when relationships and connections among data are more complex. For example, trees can be used to represent hierarchical structures such as file systems or organization charts, while graphs can be used to model networks and relationships between objects.
What are the disadvantages of having too many featuresin a language?
Answer:
Disadvantage of having too many features in a language is that:
There are many functions with same name but perform different function or task so it will create an issue or problem. Features do not duplicate one another as, there are different possible syntax for the same meaning. In a mathematical function, sometimes user function and mathematical variable name collide with language base features so it will create problem.a network on the internet has a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0.what is the maximum number of hosts it can handle?
Answer:
4094 hosts
Explanation:
In a network,
Number of hosts is (2^host no -2)
We have subtracted 2 because out of these hosts two are used in broadcasting and other purposes.
Host number is equal to the 0's in the Subnet mask
255.255.240.0
convert this into binary number i.e
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
So,12 0's are there
Number of valid hosts= 2^12 -2
= 4096-2
= 4094
Write a class named Add that has the following data members, constructor, and methods:
Data Members:
private int row; // The number of rows for the addition table.
private int column; // The number of columns for the addition table.
Constructor:
// Sets the values of the above data members.
public Add ( )
Methods:
Answer:
A class is like a blueprint of object.
Explanation:
A class defines the kinds of data and the functionality their objects will have.
A class enables you to create your own custom types by grouping together variables of other types, methods and events.
In C#, we can create a class using the class keyword.
Here's a sample program:
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
Add a1 = new Add(70, 50);
a1.AddNumbers();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
class Add
{
private int row;
private int column;
public Add(int r, int c)
{
row = r;
column = c;
}
public void AddNumbers()
{
Console.WriteLine(row+column);
}
}
}
output: 120
Explanation of the program:
I have created a class named Add. Within a class, row and column are two fields and AddNumbers() is a method. We also have constructor to initialize row and column.
In main method, If I need to invoke members of the class, I must create an instance of the class. We can create any number of instances using the single class.IN our program, a1 is the reference variable using which we can invoke members of the class. I invoked function in the class and passed arguments to the constructor while creating an instance.
Those values are assigned to method variables and it operated the addition. Thus the output is 120.
____________________deals with syntax and semantics ofinformation exchange.
a. Presentation layer
b. Session layer
c. Application layer
d. Transport layer
Answer:
The answer is (a).Presentation Layer
Explanation:
This layer is located at the 6th level of the OSI model, responsible for delivering and formatting the information to the upper layer for further processing. This service is needed because different types of computer uses different data representation. The presentation layer handles issues related to data presentation and transport, including encryption,translation and compression.
True / False
. Fixed-length instruction architectures do not use memory as efficiently as variable-length architectures.
Answer:
TRUE. Variable length instruction architectures are better at memory efficiency than fixed length architectures.
Explanation:
Variable length instruction architectures use memory efficiently than fixed length architectures. Fixed length instructions are used in RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) , where as CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers ) have instructions of variable length. In fixed instruction length architectures if the instruction has shorter length than that of fixed length it requires padding to increase the instruction length to fixed length. This is wastage of memory.
.When a design begins with a consideration of what the systemmust accomplish, it is called:
A.user-centered design B.data-driven design C.event-driven design D.task-centered design
Answer: D) Task-centered design
Explanation: Task centered design is the technique for a design to made in such a way that it can have the desired or expected result . The goals are set in it and the task is decided in a particular structure. Thus a design having any such system , it is known as task centered design. It is mainly focused on the user and the way this design can be used by them.
How is the bootstrap program started?
Answer:
Bootstrapping :- It refers when a process does not require any input from outside to start.
Bootstrap program:- It is the first code that is executed when the computer system is started.
Bootstrap program is a part of ROM and it is non-volatile memory. Then the operating system is loaded in the RAM by bootstrap program after the start of the computer system. Then the operating system starts the device drivers.
A bootstrap program is the first code that is executed when the computer system is started. ... The operating system is loaded into the RAM by the bootstrap program after the start of the computer system. Then the operating system starts the device drivers.
Decision-making undercertainty is always easy to solve.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Decision making is a complex subjective process which involves analyzing multiple inputs, current state and identifying the most relevant actions to achieve a set of desired objectives.
The process is complicated by factors such as:
- inadequacy or incorrectness of inputs
- unawareness of the current state
- lack of expertise of the decision maker
- multiplicity of potential actions which lead to desired outcomes
- fuzzy end objectives
Write the half function. A function call and the functionprototype
are provided.
void half(float *pv);
float value=5.0;
printf("Value before half: %4.1f\n",value); // Prints 5.0
half(&value);
printf("Value after half: %4.1f\n",value); // Prints 2.5
Answer:
C code for half()
#include<stdio.h>
void half(float *pv);
int main()
{
float value=5.0; //value is initialized
printf ("Value before half: %4.1f\n", value); // Prints 5.0
half(&value); // the function call takes the address of the variable.
printf("Value after half: %4.1f\n", value); // Prints 2.5
}
void half(float *pv) //In function definition pointer pv will hold the address of variable passed.
{
*pv=*pv/2; //pointer value is accessed through * operator.
}
This method is called call-by-reference method. Here when we call a function, we pass the address of the variable instead of passing the value of the variable. The address of “value” is passed from the “half” function within main(), then in called “half” function we store the address in float pointer ‘pv.’ Now inside the half(), we can manipulate the value pointed by pointer ‘pv’. That will reflect in the main(). Inside half() we write *pv=*pv/2, which means the value of variable pointed by ‘pv’ will be the half of its value, so after returning from half function value of variable “value” inside main will be 2.5.Output:
Output is given as image.
If there is no inheritance in Java then this environment may be__________but not ____________.
object oriented, object based
component based , object based
object based ,component based
object based , object oriented
Answer:
The answer is object based,component based.
Explanation:
If there is no inheritance in Java then the environment may be object based but not component based.
Component based is an approach in programming in which we divide a problem into different parts called components each of having a specific role in the program.
The difference between component based and object based is re-usability and scale. Component based means to emphasize on responsibilities which are mostly independent and may not share or may share common objects with other components.Object based means to emphasize on the integration of objects, where objects are reused over an entire software.That is why the environment may be object based but not component based.
Assume that the reference variable r refers to a serializable object. Write code that serializes the object to the file ObjectData.dat.
Answer:
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("ObjectData.dat");
ObjectOutputStream ostream = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
ostream.writeObject(r);
Explanation:
For object serialization, we can use the writeObject method of java.io.ObjectOutputStream class.
The complete code fragment is as follows:
import java.io.*;
class Demo{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
r = <Reference to Object to be serialized> ;
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("ObjectData.dat");
ObjectOutputStream ostream = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
ostream.writeObject(r);
ostream.close();
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
TRUE/FALSE
The Interrupt Flag (IF) controls the way the CPU responds to all interrupts.
Answer: True.
Explanation:
The value of the IF is very important to respond to the interrupts in the OS. It is a system flag bit. All the hardware interrupts will be handled if the flag value is set to 1 else all interrupts will be ignored. It takes two values either 1 or 0.
What will the following code display?
int number = 6;
cout << ++number << endl;
1. 0
2. 5
3. 7
4. 6
Answer:
7
Explanation:
The operator '++number' is called the pre increment operator which is used to increment the value by 1 first and then assign.
for example:
int n = 10;
b = ++n;
here, it increase the value of 10 first then assign to b. hence, b assign the value 11.
similarly, in the question:
int number = 6;
after that, the pre increment operator increase the value by one and then assign to number.
it means number assign the value 7 and finally print the value.
Therefore, the answer is 7.
Building a linked list forward places the new item to be added at the beginning of the linked list.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
When a new item is added to a linked list it gets added to the rear end of the list.
For example if my list is as follows:
A->B->C
Now I want to add D, it will get added as follows:
A->B->C->D
Similarly if I add E, the updated list will become:
A->B->C->D->E
A function that is called or summoned into action by its reference in another function is a ____.
A) function prototype
B) called function
C) calling function
D) function declarator
Answer:
Answer is B. Called function
Explanation:
The function which is called is the called function.
In which function we call it, that's calling function.
Microsoft has developed the Active Directory Domain structure so that a central authority, called the __________, is the repository for all domain security records.
Answer:
Domain Controller
Explanation:
Microsoft has developed the Active Directory Domain structure so that a central authority, called the domain controller, is the repository for all domain security records.
An active direct identifies and provides the enabled administrators for connecting to the windows-based It resources. It helps the IT department to manage and secure the windows based system and apps.
A domain controller is a server computer that replies to the secure and authentic requests within a computer network.Hence the answer is a domain controller.
Learn more about the Active Directory Domain structure so.
brainly.com/question/13591643.
The process known as AAA (or “triple A”) security involves three components. _____________ means ensuring that an authenticated user is allowed to perform the requested action.
Answer:
The process known as AAA (or “triple A”) security involves three components. Authorization means ensuring that an authenticated user is allowed to perform the requested action.
The process known as AAA (or “triple A”) security involves three components. Authorization means ensuring that an authenticated user is allowed to perform the requested action.
What is access control?By validating various login credentials, such as passwords and usernames PINs, biometric scans, and tokens, access control identifies users. A type of credential known as an authentication factor is one that is used to verify, often in conjunction with other factors.
Multifactor Authentication is a technique that needs multiple authentication methods to validate a user's identity is another feature found in many access control systems. The three AAA are authentication, authorization, and accounting.
Therefore, authorization refers to confirming that a user who has been authenticated is permitted to carry out the specified action.
To learn more about authentication, refer to the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/13553677
#SPJ2
What are the differences between responsibility,accountability and liability?
Answer: Responsibility is the process when one has an authority over another, accountability means to be answerable to the action of the concerned and liability means to be legally responsible for the concerned.
Explanation:
A person who is responsible must be accountable and vice versa. In liability the person responsible must be governed by some documents for legal bindings to be help responsible for someones else action.
You want a class to have access to members ofanother class in the same package. Which is themost restrictive access that accomplishes thisobjective?
? public
? private
? protected
? transient
? default access
Answer:
default access
Explanation:
Classes, methods, variables(identifiers*) declared without any access modifier are considered as default and these can be accesed in others clases of same package.
Identifiers are the name of classes, methods, variables, arrays, enums, etc.
Given a one dimensional array arr, what is the correct way ofgetting the number of elements in arr
?? arr.length
?? arr.length – 1
?? arr.size – 1
?? arr.length()
Answer:
The answer is option 1 arr.length.
Explanation:
In java arr.length gives the correct number of elements in the array.The length is function is only applicable for arrays.
The length() method is applicable for strings.
arr.length-1 will give 1 element less.
There is no .size for arrays in java.
So we conclude that arr.length is correct way of getting the number of elements in one dimensional array arr.
Answer:
The answer is arr.length.
Explanation:
In java arr. length gives the correct number of elements in the array. The length() method is applicable for strings. arr. length-1 will give 1 element less. There is no . size for arrays in java. So we conclude that arr.Learn more about the array, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/13971324.What is computer virus?
It is a (software) program that is installed on a computer without the user's knowledge for the purpose of making harmful changes. A computer virus attaches itself to another program (the execution of the host program triggers the action of the virus). And most of them perform actions that are malicious in nature, such as destroying data. A computer virus operates in two ways: As soon as it lands on a new computer, begins to replicate or it plays dead until the trigger kick starts the malicious code. The term 'computer virus' was formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983.
Answer:
A computer virus is a virus attached onto your computer, and it gives you bugs and can often delete your important files.
______ organizations have physical and online dimensions
A. clicks and mortar
B. pure-play
C. virtual
D. brick and mortar
Answer:
Click and Mortar
Explanation:
In the e-commerce world, a click and mortar organization is a type of business model that includes both its operations in the online and offline domains. Clients are able to shop online and at the same time visit the retailer’s store. It is able to offer its clients fast online transactions and face-to-face service.
Further explanation
Electronic Commerce Describes the process of buying, selling, sending, or exchanging products, services, and / or information through computer networks, including the Internet.
Electronic Business refers to a broader definition of the EC, not only buying and selling goods and services, but also serving consumers, collaborating with business partners, conducting e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions in organizations.
3 forms of EC organization:
• Brick-and-Mortar:
Is an organization that does business offline, sells physical products, and also physical agents.
• Virtual (Pure Play):
Is an organization that conducts business activities only online.
• Click-and-Mortar:
Clicks and mortar refers to the use of electronic sales (CLICK) by combining traditional methods of operation (brick and mortar). Cliks and mortar also refers to the development of electronic commerce that is side by side with conventional business operations by utilizing the strengths in each of the complementary and synergistic channels.
Clicks and mortar, companies can successfully develop parallel electronic trade in parallel with brick and mortar. The level of integration between the two channels is manifested in several dimensions: the actual business processes used for company transactions, the company's brand identity, ownership and management in each channel.
Is an organization that carries out several EC activities, but does major business in the physical world.
E-Marketplace is an online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money, or information.
Learn More
clicks and mortar : https://brainly.com/question/12914277
Details
Class: college
Subject: computers and technology
Keywords : clicks and mortar, Electronic Commerce, Electronic Business, E-Marketplace
Write a program that generates a random number between 5 and 15 and asks the user to guess what the number is. If the user’s guess is higher than the random number, the program should display Too high. Try again. If the user’s guess is lower than the random number, the program should display Too low, Try again. The program should use a loop that repeats while keeping a count of the number of guesses the user makes until the user correctly guesses the random number. Then the program should display the number of guesses along with the following message Congratulations. You figured out my number. Suggest that you also give the user the opportunity to play the game again or quit.
Answer: The c++ program for the number guessing game is given below.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// method declaration without parameters
void game();
int main() {
char reply;
// calling the game method
game();
cout<<"Would you like to continue with the game ? Enter y to continue. Enter q to quit the game. " <<endl;
cin>>reply;
if(reply == 'y')
game();
if(reply == 'q')
cout<<"Quitting the game..."<<endl;
return 0;
}
void game()
{
int num, guess, attempt=0;
num = (rand() % 10) + 6;
cout<<endl<<"Welcome to the game of guessing the correct number "<<endl;
do
{
cout<<"Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<< endl;
cin>>guess;
if(guess<5 || guess>15)
{
do
{
cout<<"Invalid number. Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<<endl;
cin>>guess;
}while(guess<5 || guess>15);
}
if(guess < num)
{
cout<<"Too Low"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
if(guess > num)
{
cout<<"Too High"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
}while(guess != num);
cout<<"Congratulations. You figured out my number in "<<attempt<< " attempts."<<endl;
}
Explanation:
The expression
(rand() % 10)
generates a random number between 0 and 9. 6 is added to generate a random number between 5 and 15.
The integer variable attempt is initialized to 0.
Next, user is asked to guess the number. If the user enters an invalid input, the do-while loop begins until a valid input is received from the user.
cout<<"Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<< endl;
cin>>guess;
if(guess<5 || guess>15)
{
do
{
cout<<"Invalid number. Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<<endl;
cin>>guess;
}while(guess<5 || guess>15);
}
User is prompted to input the guess using the same do-while loop as above. Until the user guesses the correct number, the loop continues. Each incorrect guess by the user, increments the variable attempt by 1. This represents the number of attempts done by the user to guess the correct number.
if(guess < num)
{
cout<<"Too Low"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
if(guess > num)
{
cout<<"Too High"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
The random number generation and the guessing logic is put in a separate method game().
The entry and exit from the game only is put inside the main method.
Convert the following binary numbers to decimal:
10010101
01110110
00110011
11100010
10000001
Answer:
Hi!
10010101 = 149;
01110110 = 118;
00110011 = 51;
11100010 = 226;
10000001 = 129;
Explanation:
To convert binary numbers you can use this formula:
[tex]N = bit_{1} * 2^{0} + bit_{2} * 2^{1} + bit_{3} * 2^{2} + bit_{4} * 2^{3} + ... + bit_n 2^{n-1}[/tex], where position of the bit₀ is the rightmost digit of the number.
Results, using the formula:
10010101 = 1*2⁰+1*2²+1*2⁴+1*2⁷ = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 = 149.
01110110 = 1*2¹+1*2²+1*2⁴+1*2⁵+1*2⁶ = 118;
00110011 = 1*2⁰+1*2¹+1*2⁴+1*2⁵ = 51;
11100010 = 1*2¹+1*2⁵+1*2⁶+1*2⁷ = 226;
10000001 = 1*2⁰+1*2⁷ = 129;
Note: All bits in 0 multiplied by any number are 0.
To convert binary numbers to decimal, use the place value system. Multiply each digit by 2 raised to the power of its position and add up the results.
Explanation:To convert binary numbers to decimal, we use the place value system. Each digit in the binary number represents a power of 2. We start from the rightmost digit and multiply it by 2 raised to the power of its position. Then, we add up all the results to get the decimal equivalent.
For example, for the binary number 10010101:
The rightmost digit is 1, so we multiply it by 2 raised to the power of 0, which is 1.The next digit is 0, so we multiply it by 2 raised to the power of 1, which is 2.We continue this process for all the digits and add up the results: 1 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 22.So, the decimal equivalent of 10010101 is 22. Following the same steps, you can convert the other binary numbers to decimal.
write a C program the prints out the size of variables with the following C data types- int, long, unsigned, long long, double, float, char, and double
C program for finding size of different data types
#include <stdio.h>
//driver function
int main()
{
int a; //declaring a of type int
float b; //declaring b of type float
double c; //declaring c of type double
char d; //declaring d of type char
long e; //declaring e of type long
long long f; //declaring f of type longlong
unsigned g; //declaring g of type unsigned
// Sizeof operator is used to evaluate the size of a variable
printf(" int data type contains: %lu bytes\n",sizeof(a));/*Finding size of int */
printf("float data type contains : %lu bytes\n",sizeof(b));/*Finding size of float */
printf("double data type contains: %lu bytes\n",sizeof(c));/*Finding size of double */
printf("char data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(d));/*Finding size of char */
printf("long data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(e));/*Finding size of long*/ printf("longlong data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(f));/*Finding size of longlong */
printf("unsigned data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(g)); /*Finding size of unsigned */
return 0;
}
Output
int data type contains: 4 bytes
float data type contains : 4 bytes
double data type contains: 8 bytes
char data type contains: 1 byte
long data type contains: 8 byte
longlong data type contains: 8 byte
unsigned data type contains: 4 byte
In general, digital to analog modulation equipment is less expensive than the equipment for encoding digital data into a digital signal.
a) True b) False
Answer: False
Explanation:
As for the encoding process we require encoder, decoder, modulator which is less expensive than those required for modulation where we need devices for changing the amplitude, frequency and phase, which is more complex and expensive
Is it legal to "use" an unprotected wireless access point that you discover in a public area? Is it ethical to use it? Hypothetically, if you were at an event and your computer detected a wireless network which was not protected and that was not sponsored by the event or its organizers, would you use it? Justify your answer
Answer:
The legality of use is dependent on the permissions provided by the owner, service provider ad state's laws. It is not ethical to use open wifi not provided or sponsored by event's organizer.
Some of the risk are:
Privacy leak and risk of confidentiality. Wifi data transfer occur using encryption but there are also some devices that can decrypt this data provided the have access the wifi. In open wifi, since everyone has access hence anyone with malicious intents can overlook your activities by decrypting data. This become more dangerous when a person is accessing bank statement or doing transactions on public wifi.
A ____ resembles a circle of computers that communicate with each other.
Answer
hierarchical network
star network
bus network
ring network
Answer:
ring network
Explanation:
In a ring network, the nodes are arranged in a circular pattern where each node is connected to two adjacent nodes. In this topology, any node can communicate with any other node via the intermediaries.
In comparison,
- in a star network every communication needs to pass through a central hub node
- in a bus, each node is connected to a shared linear communication bus.
- in a hierarchical network nodes are organized along a tree structure layout.