Direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas by the autonomic nervous system is an example of _____ control.
a,negative feedback
b.positive feedback
c.neural
d.substrate-level dependent

Answer:

Cancerous tissue has high mitotic index.

Explanation:

Mitotic index may be defined as the number of dividing cells divided by the total number of cells. Cell proliferation can be measured by mitotic index.

Cancerous cells are highly dividing cells and are less differentiated than normal cells. Cancer cells have higher mitotic index because the number of dividing cell is more in cancerous cell than the normal cells.

Answer:

Cancerous tissue has high mitotic index.

Explanation:

Answer:

1)

Tissues in the intestinal tract made up of loose connective tissues

Mucosa: It playa a role in the secretion of lubricants that lubricate and protect the intestinal wall from digestive enzymes.

Submucosa: It contains nerves, blood vessels and elastic fibers with collagen. It maintains the shape of the intestine by stretching.

Serosa: During digestive movements, it secretes lubricating fluid and prevents from frictional damages.

2)

Accessory digestive organs have common specialized cells, ducts, and secrete digestive hormones to help in digestion.

3)

Acinar cells that secrete and transport enzymes or bicarbonate into the duodenum for the digestion of the food.

Islet cells that secrete insulin or glucagon that increase the glucose level in the blood.

Blood vessels provide oxygen and nutrients for tissue growth and maintenance.

4)

Villi help to absorb digested food.

Smooth muscle moves food through the digestive tract.

Intestinal glands help in digestion and absorption by releasing hormones.

Acinar cells are basic units of the exocrine pancreas, islets are clusters of cells, and blood vessels maintain pancreatic islets. Villi are projections of the small glandular intestine, whose contraction is due to smooth muscle.

In conclusion, acinar cells are units of the exocrine pancreas, islets are clusters of cells, and blood vessels maintain pancreatic islets. Villi are projections of the small glandular intestine, whose contraction is due to smooth muscle.

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The template strand must be the complementary DNA sequence: 3'-ATGCCTAACATTAAGT-5'

The template strand must be the complementary DNA sequence: 3'-ATGCCTAACATTAAGT-5'

Answer:

Mechanoreceptors

Explanation:

Mechanoreceptor is a type of sensory receptor that responds against the mechanical pressure. These receptors are present on the hair, skin and tactile corpuscles.

Mechanoreceptors may responds against the change in pressure, detects different sounds (hearing), touch and can sense the equillibrium. These receptors transfer the mechanical information into electrical signals. Mechanoreceptors contain sensory neurons that can respond towards the external stimuli.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

Answer:

mechanoreceptors

Explanation:

mechanoreceptors are responsible for touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium.

Final answer:

To determine the percentage of people heterozygous for sickle-cell allele and resistant to malaria, we use the Hardy-Weinberg principle. With 4% being homozygous recessive, we found out that p = 0.8 and q = 0.2 and calculated the heterozygous population (2pq) being 32%.

Explanation:

To calculate the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele and resistant to malaria, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This principle states that the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (ss) is equal to q2. Given that 4% of the population is homozygous recessive (ss) for sickle-cell disease, we can say that q2 = 0.04, which means q = sqrt(0.04) or q = 0.2. The frequency of the dominant allele (S) is represented as p, and since p + q = 1, we can find p by subtracting q from 1: p = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8.

The frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Ss), which provides resistance to malaria, is 2pq. Therefore, the percentage of the population that is heterozygous and malaria-resistant is 2 * 0.8 * 0.2 = 0.32 or 32%.

Answer:

The correct answer is option C (voltage gated Na+ channels).

Explanation:

Output region or axon terminal is the structure of neuron which transmits the signals to other nerve cells.

The signal is transferred via action potential generated by the dendrite cell which moves along the axon and reaches the synaptic junction.  

At the synaptic junction, voltage-gated channel (Na+) channels located in the membrane of the axon terminal cell opens due to the changes in the electric membrane potential which play important role in returning the depolarized cell to a resting state.

Thus, option C (voltage-gated Na+ channels) is the correct answer.

The output region of neuron is where neurotransmitters are released, following the arrival of an action potential which opens voltage-gated calcium channels at the axon terminal, leading to neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. The correct answer is d. neurotransmitter release.

In the context of neuron signaling, the output region of a neuron is the terminal end of the axon where synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located. When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, it triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels.

The subsequent influx of calcium ions causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release their neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters can then bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, potentially initiating a new action potential in that neuron. This process is essential for the communication between neurons.

Answer:

the answer is B rectus abdominis!!! i hope this helps

Explanation:

The rectus abdominis is not an appendicular muscle; it is an axial muscle located in the anterior wall of the abdomen. Hence, the correct option is B.

The appendicular muscles are those that are associated with the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the shoulder, arm, pelvis, and leg. The serratus anterior, deltoid, rhomboid major and latissimus dorsi are all muscles connected to the upper extremity of the appendicular skeleton. In contrast, the rectus abdominis is part of the muscles of the trunk and is specifically classified as an axial muscle since it is located in the anterior wall of the abdomen, not associated with the appendicular skeleton.

Answer:

Liver cells.

Explanation:

Liver maintains the carbohydrate metabolism of the body. Glucose can be stored in the liver in form of glycogen.

Pancreas releases the hormone insulin and glucagon. When the blood glucose levels are high, the insulin hormone is released by pancreas and liver cells convert glucose into glycogen. When the blood glucose level are low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. The liver cell under the hormone influence, breaks down the glycogen and releases glucose. This maintains the blood glucose level in the body.

Liver cells respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream to raise blood glucose levels.

The cells in the body that respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose are primarily liver cells. Glucagon is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas, particularly when blood glucose levels are low. It acts on the liver cells to stimulate the conversion of glycogen into glucose through a process known as glycogenolysis. Additionally, it can promote gluconeogenesis, which is the creation of glucose from amino acids and glycerol. The glucose released by these processes is then introduced into the bloodstream to increase blood glucose concentrations and maintain normal homeostatic levels.

Answer:

The pancreatic duct

Explanation:

The pancreatic duct is formed when the many tiny tubes from exocrine part of the pancreas are joined together. The exocrine part of the pancreas consists of pancreatic acinar cells. These cells serve to secrete the digestive pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes.

The pancreatic juice is released into the pancreatic duct via tiny tubes. The pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum and releases the pancreatic juice into the duodenum of the small intestine.  

1. Vog

The term vog comes from combining the words volcano and smog. The word itself is created to associate with pollution, as it is a natural pollution of the atmosphere. The vog represents the sulfur dioxide and the other gases and particles that the volcanoes release into the atmosphere when they erupt. These gases and particles further react with the moisture in the atmosphere and the oxygen while exposed to sunlight. This process causes a large natural pollution of the air in the area influenced by the volcanic activity.

2. Model

Steven Businger is a scientists that has devoted big portion of his career in examining the volcanoes and their activities. Most of his research has been on the Hawaii Islands and the volcanoes on them. With his vast experience and knowledge of the volcanic activities and their products, Businger managed to create a model that predicts how the smoke from the volcanoes spreads. This model has been very helpful as it can be used for warning the population on time, as well as using it for avoiding accidents, especially in the air traffic.

3. Sulfur dioxide

One of the gasses that is in largest quantities in the smoke produced by the volcanic eruptions is the sulfur dioxide. This gas is a natural polluter of the atmosphere, so once big amount of it is propelled into the atmosphere, it manages to have big effect over the area that is affected. It is a gas that is very harmful for the living organisms, thus for the human health as well. It is mostly damaging the respiratory system, managing to cause lot of damage that can easily be fatal if the amount of sulfur dioxide is high.

Answer:

1: Vog

2: computer model

3: sulfur dioxide

Explanation:

Just took the questions, Hope this helps :D

Answer:

Diagram of the chromosome is attached below.

Explanation:

A fruit fly has gray body and vestigial wings is crossed with a fly with black body and normal wings. These chromosomes represent the pair of homologous chromosomes. These genes are linked gene and present on the same chromosome.

The cross shown below shows the parental generation of the fruit fly.

The question delves into the inheritance of traits in true-breeding fruit flies. Using the grey body and vestigial wings genes as dominant, and the black body and normal wings genes as recessive, the F1 genotype after the mating would have both dominant and recessive traits - grey body and normal wings.

The fruit fly question revolves around understanding genetic inheritance, specifically exploring Punnett squares and genetic dominance. The scenario provided suggests a cross between two true-breeding fruit flies, one with a grey body and vestigial wings (b+ b+ vg vg), and one with a black body and normal wings (b b vg+ vg+). Because they are true-breeding, we can infer they are homozygous, i.e., have two identical alleles for the traits.

Step 1: First off, b+ designates the gray gene and b designates the black gene, with gray being dominant over black. Similarly, vg+ is the normal wing gene and vg is the vestigial wing gene, with normal wings being dominant over vestigial wings.

Step 2: Next, we set up the allelic pairs for the genes on either homologous chromosome. The first fruit fly would have [b+ vg] and [b+ vg] on its pair of homologous chromosomes, and the second fruit fly would have [b vg+] and [b vg+] on its chromosomes.

Step 3: When these flies mate, the F1 generation would have one chromosome from each parent, hence their genetic makeup would have a combination of these alleles. Consequently, the F1 genotype would be [b+ vg] and [b vg+].

All of these steps are based on Mendelian genetics, which study how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when both alleles are recessive.

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Answer:

Isometric contraction

Explanation:

The length of the muscle is changed during contraction only when the muscle tension during contraction can outstand the resistance exerted by the object to be lifted.  

During isometric contractions, the muscle tension is not sufficient to exceed the resistance of the object. Hence, there is no change in the length of the muscle. The isometric contraction does not bring about any body movements.  

Isometric contractions are the type of muscle contractions where the muscle fibers do not shorten. Despite the muscle producing tension, there is no movement because the force produced can't overcome the resistance of the load. Unlike isotonic contractions where muscle length changes to move a load, in isometric contractions the goal is often to remain stationary.

The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called an isometric contraction. This type of contraction involves the muscle producing tension without changing the angle of a skeletal joint. Despite the muscle tension, there is no movement of the load, as the force produced cannot overcome the resistance provided by the load. This is because sarcomere shortening and increasing muscle tension are involved, but the goal is to remain stationary and not produce movement. Isometric contractions are crucial in daily activities such as maintaining posture and providing bone and joint stability.

In contrast, there are also isotonic contractions, in which muscle length changes to move a load. This includes both concentric and eccentric contractions, where the muscle either shortens or lengthens respectively.

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Answer:

The S-A node which is also known as the coronary artery disease

Explanation:

Final answer:

The amount of blood flow to the myocardium is termed as cardiac output. Cardiac output is the measurement of blood flow from the heart through the ventricles and is determined by the heart rate and stroke volume. Factors that increase cardiac output promote blood flow.

Explanation:

The amount of blood flow to the myocardium is termed as cardiac output.

Cardiac output is the measurement of blood flow from the heart through the ventricles and is usually measured in liters per minute. It is determined by the heart rate and stroke volume. Any factor that increases cardiac output, such as sympathetic stimulation or increased calcium ion levels, will promote blood flow.

Answer:  (SL) Semilunar Valves

Explanation:

The tricuspid and mitral valves close when the ventricles contract and their cusps fill with blood, preventing backflow into the atria.

When the ventricles begin to contract, the pressure inside them rises, causing blood to flow toward the area of lowest pressure, initially in the atria. This backflow of blood causes the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves to close. These valves are tethered to papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae. As the ventricles contract, so do the papillary muscles, which creates tension on the chordae tendineae.

This tension prevents the cusps of the atrioventricular valves from being blown back into the atria. In contrast, when the ventricles relax, the pressure decreases, which can cause blood to fill the cusps of the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) and close them, preventing backflow into the ventricles. This closing of semilunar valve cusps with blood produces an audible sound during the cardiac cycle.

Answer:

pump blood with greater pressure

Explanation:

this is because it pump blood with greater pressure

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall because it has to pump blood with greater pressure to the entire body.

The left ventricular wall of the heart is indeed thicker than the right wall. The reason for this is not to accommodate a greater volume of blood, expand the thoracic cage during diastole, or pump blood through a smaller valve. Instead, the left ventricular wall is thicker because it is responsible for pumping blood with greater pressure, option C. The left ventricle has to pump blood to the entire body, while the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs, requiring less pressure. Therefore, a thick muscular wall is needed on the left side to generate the necessary pressure.

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Answer:

A. Hepatitis B

Explanation:

Hepatitis B is a disease caused by a virus.

Hepatitis B is passed from person to person from bodily fluids.

Tuberculosis, Tetanus, and Strep throat is caused by bacteria.

Answer:

d. It is where an artery breaks into two sets of capillaries before returning to the heart.

Explanation:

A Portal System is where an artery breaks into two sets of capillaries before returning to the heart.

Answer:

50 chromosomes

Explanation:

Answer: The glucose extracted is stored in the liver as glycogen, which is made available to the body as needed. In this case, the liver cells function as a fuel reservoir.

Explanation:

Glycogen is the available reserve of glucose to supply tissues with a source of energy and is found mainly in the liver, this is considered a source of glucose that can be used throughout the body. The main area of daily glucose consumption is the brain, via the aerobic route. The biggest part of the remaining energy is used by red blood cells, skeletal and cardiac muscles. The body obtains glucose through diet or gluconeogenesis pathway. The glucose obtained from these two primary sources remain soluble in body fluids or are stored in a polymeric form called glycogen. Glycogen is considered the main form of glucose deposition and is found mainly in the liver and muscle.

Once processed in the liver, glucose either circulates in the body supplying energy, gets stored as glycogen for short-term energy reserves, or reformed into triglycerides and fatty acids for long-term storage. If needed, the liver can also produce glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis. These processes are all key parts of carbohydrate metabolism.

After glucose has been processed in the liver, it has multiple fates depending on the body's needs. It can remain in the bloodstream, providing energy in the form of ATP through a process known as glycolysis. This process, occurring in body cells, involves a series of reactions that transfer the energy in glucose to ADP to form ATP, with the product being pyruvate.

If the body has more glucose than is immediately needed, this excess glucose can be stored in the liver as glycogen or be converted into triglycerides and fatty acids for long-term storage. Should the body need more glucose, such as during fasting, the liver is capable of gluconeogenesis, a process where it produces more glucose.

The role and fate of glucose in the body is part of the larger process of carbohydrate metabolism, where complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars and ultimately used for energy production.

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Answer:

11 year in girls and 12 years in boys

Explanation:

The volume of grey matter peaks at the adolescent age of child, however it starts growing since the childhood. It is considered that a girl’s adolescent age starts from 11 years while a boy’s adolescent age starts from 12 years. Thus, grey matter reaches at its peak when  girls reaches the age of 11 years and boy reaches the age of 12 years.

Grey matter starts declining as adulthood is reached in both male and female.

Answer: a. Hemolysis

Explanation:

Hemolysis can be defined as a rupture of the membranes of the red blood cells and the consequent release of hemoglobin. Hemolysis is the process in which the rupture of the red blood cells occurs and the consequent release in the environment, of hemoglobin and other substances. Hemolysis can occur in the human body or during the processing of blood. It is said that hemolysis is in vivo or in vitro when occurring in the body or outside the body, respectively.

In vivo hemolysis can cause serious health problems, such as hemolytic anemia, a disease characterized by the early destruction of red blood cells. Jaundice and splenomegaly are signs of this pathology, which may be hereditary or acquired. In cases of severe hemolysis, blood transfusions may be required.

The fork line method is used to get genotypic and phenotypic proportions. In this case, 0.03 of the progeny have the father's genotype, 0.03 have the mother's genotype, 0.09 looks like the father, 0.09 looks like the mother, and 0.81 are different from both parents.

---------------------------------------------

Available data:

Cross: Mother x Father

Parentals) aabbCcDDEe x AaBbCcDdee

To avoid making a Punnett square -which whould be very complex-, we will perform crosses separately for each gene, and then multiply their proportions. This is the fork line method, and is useful to get the proportions of the desired genotypes and phenotypes among the progeny.

Gene A:

Parentals) aa   x    Aa

Gametes) a  a     A   a

F1) 1/2 = 50% Aa  

    1/2 = 50% aa

Gene B:

Parentals) bb   x    Bb

Gametes) b  b       B   b

F1) 1/2 = 50% Bb  

    1/2 = 50% bb

Gene C:

Parentals) Cc   x    Cc

Gametes) C   c      C    c

F1) 1/4 = 25% CC  

    1/2 = 50% Cc

    1/4 = 25% cc

Gene D:

Parentals) DD   x    Dd

Gametes) D   D      D    d

F1) 1/2 = 50% DD

    1/2 = 50% Dd

Gene E:

Parentals) Ee   x    ee

Gametes) E   e     e   e

F1) 1/2 = 50% Ee

    1/2 = 50% ee

F1) Genotypes

a. Same genotype as the father ⇒ AaBbCcDdee

1/2 Aa x 1/2 Bb x 1/2 Cc x 1/2 Dd x 1/2 ee = 1/32 = 0.03 AaBbCcDdee

[tex]1/2 Aa x 1/2 Bb x 1/2 Cc x 1/2 Dd x 1/2 ee = 1/32 = 0.03 AaBbCcDdee[/tex]

b. same genotype as the mother ⇒ aabbCcDDEe

1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 1/2 Cc x 1/2 DD x 1/2 Ee = 1/32 = 0.03 aabbCcDDEe

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 1/2 Cc x 1/2 DD x 1/2 Ee = 1/32 = 0.03 aabbCcDDEe[/tex]

     Phenotypes

c. phenotypically resemble the father  ⇒ A-B-C-D-ee

1/2 A-x 1/2 B- x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 3/32 = 0.09 A-B-C-D-ee

[tex]1/2 A-x 1/2 B- x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 3/32 = 0.09 A-B-C-D-ee[/tex]

d. phenotypically resemble the mother ⇒ aabbC-D-E-

1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 D- = 3/32 = 0.09 aabbC-D-E-

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 D- = 3/32 = 0.09 aabbC-D-E-[/tex]

e. phenotypically resemble neither parent 26/32 = 0.81

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 B- x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 3/32 A-B-C-D-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 B- x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 1/32 A-B-ccD-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 B- x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 1/32 A-B-ccD-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 bb x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 3/32 A-bbC-D-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 bb x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 1/32 A-bbccD-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 bb x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 3/32 A-bbC-D-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 A- x 1/2 bb x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 1/32 A-bbccD-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 B- x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 3/32 aaB-C-D-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 B- x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 3/32 aaB-C-D-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 B- x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 E- = 1/32 aaB-ccD-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 B- x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 1/32 aaB-ccD-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 E- =1/32 aabbccD-E-[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 3/4 C- x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 3/32 aabbC-D-ee[/tex]

[tex]1/2 aa x 1/2 bb x 1/4 cc x 1 D- x 1/2 ee = 1/32 aabbccD-ee[/tex]

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Answer:

I snatched this from someone else, so it isn't mine, but I hope it helps. They don't have a username so I cannot credit them.

Explanation:

DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II.

During anaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content (number of copies of chromosomes) in a cell is halved. However, the ploidy level changes only when the number of unique chromosome sets in the cell changes. This occurs only in meiosis I (where separation of homologous chromosomes decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n and produces daughter cells with a single chromosome set).

This Chemistry problem involves understanding reactions and stoichiometry. All Fe2+ ions in the blood would be sequestered by the ingested NaCN, leading to 100% sequestration of iron(II) ions by cyanide ions.

This problem involves understanding the chemical reactions and stoichiometry. In this scenario, sodium cyanide (NaCN) reacts with Fe2+ in blood to form cyanoferrate(II) complex. Potentially, each CN- ion can bind to one Fe2+ ion, since the cyanide ion has a 1- charge and iron(II) ion has a 2+ charge.

First, convert the volume of blood into liters: the average human body contains 6.1L of blood. Next, calculate the number of moles of Fe2+ ions using the molarity (M), which is moles/Liters:

1.5x10^-5 moles/L * 6.1L = 9.15x10^-5 moles

Do similar calculations for NaCN. Convert the volume ingested, 12.0 mL, to L: 12.0 mL * (1L/1000 mL) = 0.012L. Find the moles of CN- (since Na+ doesn't participate in the reaction):

0.014 moles/L * 0.012L = 1.68x10^-4 moles of CN-

As each CN- ion can bind to one Fe2+ ion, the limiting reactant is the one with fewer moles. Hence in this case, Fe2+ is the limiting reactant. All of it would be sequestered by cyanide ion.

As iron(II) is fully sequestered, the percentage sequestered is 100% in this case.

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Theoretically, 100% of the iron(II) in the blood could potentially be sequestered by the cyanide ion as there are more moles of cyanide ions ingested than moles of Fe2+ present in the body.

To determine the amount of iron(II) that would be sequestered by cyanide ions, we should first calculate the total amount of Fe2+ present in blood and the total amount of cyanide ions ingested. The concentration of Fe2+ was given as 1.50×10-5 M and we assume an average blood volume of 6.10 L, so the total amount of Fe2+ in moles is (1.5*10-5) * 6.10 = 9.15 * 10-5 mol.

Similarly, the ingested cyanide (NaCN) has a concentration of 14.0 mM in 12.0 mL which is 12.0/1000 = 0.012 L of solution. So total CN- ion in moles is 14 * 10-3 * 0.012 = 1.68 * 10-4 mol.

Therefore, we can see more moles of CN- ions were ingested than there are moles of Fe2+ in the body. Consequently, all of the Fe2+ could theoretically react with the CN- ions indicating that 100% of the iron(II) in the blood could potentially be sequestered by the cyanide ion.

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Answer:

The correct answer to the question: During inhalation, which changes first in the thoracic cavity, the pressure or the volume, is, the volume.

Explanation:

The process of breathing, that is the cylces of inhalation and inspiration, are completely dependent on pressure gradients both on the atmosphere and inside the body, specifically the lungs and thoracic cavity. Before the breathing is initiated, both the atmospheric and alveolar pressures (alveoli are where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide will take place), is equal. However, during the initiation of inspiration, the costal muscles and the diaphragm descend and open up the chest cavity, pulling with them the lungs. This causes an increase in volume capacity and a decrease of pressure within the alveoli. Since gases like oxygen tend to move from higher to lower pressure gradients, as the volume of the lungs increases, and pressure decreases, oxygen will flow from the atmosphere into the lungs. During expiration, as the lungs return to their normal state, volume diminishes, pressure increase, and the gases are thus expelled to normalize pressures again.

Answer:

The amount of calories intake on daily basis depend upon the the age and sex of the person, more younger and active person can consume more calories.

To loose weight by consuming low calorie diet can could reverse the whole dieting scene. Shortage of calorie intake could result in body storing fats, as a fear of starvation. It could also result in diet distress, just the metabolism becomes slow and body do not loose any weight, and frustration could lead you to over-eat. On the other hand, long term use of such low calories diet could result in fatigue, constipation, diarrhea etc. Gallstones are mostly observed in people using low calories diet.

This is because weight gain and weight loss are governed by many factors and mechanisms that are a balance between energy intake and expenditure. Even after reducing calorie intake weight may not be lost effectively if the metabolic rate of the body is lowered. Metabolic rate can be increased by exercising to burn excess calories.

Explanation:

Neurons communicate by changes in electrical properties of the plasma membrane that move from one cell to another. The architecture of the neuron aids the spread of these electrical signals called nerve impulses. A potential difference exists across every cell’s plasma membrane. The side of the membrane exposed to the cytoplasm is the negative pole, and the side exposed to the extracellular fluid is the positive pole. This potential difference is called the membrane potential.

If the plasma membrane is depolarized (moved toward a polarity above that of the resting potential) slightly, an oscilloscope will show a small upward deflection of the line that soon decays back to the resting membrane potential. These small changes in membrane potential are called graded potentials because their amplitudes depend on the strength of the stimulus. Graded potentials can be either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing and can add together to amplify or reduce their effects. The ability of graded potentials to combine is called summation. The level of depolarization needed to produce an action potential is called the threshold.

Answer:

At the gym work out gaining weight needs to adjust balanced.

Healthy nutrition, exercise, sufficient sleep, and stress management are all necessary for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Other elements could also influence weight gain. Numerous healthful foods are part of a healthy diet.

A nutritious diet supports normal growth, development, and aging, helps people maintain a healthy body weight, and lowers their chance of developing chronic diseases, all of which contribute to overall health and wellbeing.

Physical fitness refers to a person's overall health and well-being as well as their capacity for participating in certain sports, jobs, and daily activities.

In general, healthy eating, moderate to strenuous exercise, physical activity, and adequate rest are required to develop physical fitness.

Therefore, an individual who wants to maintain weight, lose weight, or gain weight needs to adjust his/her nutrition and exercise program.

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Answer:

Option (D).

Explanation:

Pesticide are the chemicals used to kill pests or other harmful organisms. They are mainly used for the safety of agriculture crops.

Pesticides are quiet useful in the agriculture fields but some organisms has shown an inherent degree of pesticide. Pesticide doesnot degrade easily and accumulate in further trophic levels in the environment. Pesticide accumulation leads to the phenomena of biological magnification.

Thus, the correct answer is option (d).

Answer:The populations are isolated and thus do not interbreed.

Explanation:

I just took the test.

The populations are isolated and thus do not interbreed in this stage of speciation.

Speciation, the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. Speciation involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages.

The formation of the canyon acted as a barrier that prevented any mating between the separated populations due to this population get isolated and thus dont interbreed.

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