Answer:
a
Explanation:
disease is dependent on population density to spread
Diseases spread more quickly among individuals in close proximity, like a penguin colony, due to density-dependent factors, which are more impactful at higher population densities.
The spread of disease in closely packed populations, such as a nesting colony of penguins, is primarily influenced by density-dependent factors. These are factors whose effects on a population are proportional to the population's density. As the density of a population, such as the penguins, increases, so does the potential for disease to spread more rapidly. In this scenario, disease serves as a density-dependent limiting factor that can increase death rates or decrease birth rates due to higher competition for resources and increased contact rates among individuals.
Density-dependent factors such as predation, competition for food and mates, accumulation of waste, and diseases caused by parasites, tend to have greater impacts on populations with higher densities. In contrast, density-independent factors affect population sizes regardless of their density and include events like hurricanes or droughts. Understanding these factors is crucial for conservation biologists managing population sizes and preventing extinction.
Select the true statements (more than one) about the characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex. View Available Hint(s) Select the true statements (more than one) about the characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex. These sensory neurons typically transmit efferent impulses toward antagonist muscles. These sensory neurons transmit efferent impulses to antagonist muscles. These sensory neurons transmit afferent impulses toward the spinal cord (CNS). When a stretch activates the muscle spindle, these sensory neurons transmit impulses at a higher frequency. These sensory neurons transmit activating impulses via interneurons.
In the stretch reflex, sensory neurons transmit afferent impulses to the CNS, increase impulse frequency when muscle spindles are activated, and can transmit signals via interneurons.
Explanation:The characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex have several key features. These neurons do not typically transmit efferent impulses toward antagonist muscles; instead, they carry afferent impulses toward the spinal cord or central nervous system (CNS). When a muscle spindle is activated by a stretch, these sensory neurons increase their firing rate, transmitting impulses at a higher frequency. Additionally, these neurons can transmit activating impulses via interneurons as part of the reflex arc.
The correct statements about the characteristics of sensory neurons in the stretch reflex are:
These sensory neurons transmit afferent impulses toward the spinal cord (CNS).When a stretch activates the muscle spindle, these sensory neurons transmit impulses at a higher frequency.These sensory neurons transmit activating impulses via interneurons.A nursing instructor is explaining the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in relation to increases in the systemic circulation. During the discussion, which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for contraction of the entire muscle cell layer, thus resulting in decreased vessel lumen radius?
Answer:
Norepinephrine
Explanation:
Nerve cells and circulating hormones are the one responsible for vasoconstriction of the vessel walls, as they do not enter the tunica media of the blood vessel, the nerves do not synapse directly on the smooth muscle cells. Instead, they release the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, which diffuses into the media and acts on the nearby smooth muscle cells, which result in contraction of the entire muscle cell layer and thus reducing the radius of the vessel lumen.
A culture of Spirogyra (an autotrophic alga) is maintained in a water solution containing dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but lacking nitrogen compounds. A researcher determines the rates of synthesis of several organic compounds found in the Spirogyra before and after several weeks in the water solution. Which of the following graphs best illustrates a likely result of the experiment?
a. Carbohydrates: same
b. Proteins: decrease
c. Lipids: same
d. Nucleic Acids: decrease
Answer:
b) Proteins: decrease
Explanation:
Out of all the biomolecules required for the survival of an organism, proteins and nucleic acids are the ones containing Nitrogen. In nucleic acids, the building blocks of DNA, nitrogen is present in the nitrogenous bases, which are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil. In the proteins, the amino acids contain the amine group or -NH₂ which forms the peptide bond (-NH-CO-) with a carboxylic group or -COOH of the next amino acid. As the culture of Spirogyra is being maintained, there would be no replication of DNA, which would have required nitrogen to synthesize the new DNA strand. But, to synthesize proteins, the RNA synthesis would require to happen which would also require nitrogen. Moreover, the formation of proteins after the translation of the mRNA would have also required Nitrogen. Thus, protein level in the cells would decrease.
The culture of Spirogyra in water solution lacking nitrogen will remain the same in carbohydrate and lipid production, but will decrease in protein and nucleic acid production due to the absence of nitrogen, an essential element in their synthesis.
Explanation:
The culture of Spirogyra, an autotrophic alga, is being maintained in a water solution that contains dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but is devoid of nitrogen compounds. This particular set of nutrients affects the Spirogyra's ability to produce some types of organic molecules. Firstly, the production of carbohydrates is likely to remain the same, as Spirogyra uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates. Secondly, the protein level would decrease as nitrogen is essential for their synthesis. Without a source of nitrogen, Spirogyra cannot produce amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Thirdly, the level of lipids would remain the same since the synthesis of lipids mainly requires carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and does not rely heavily on nitrogen. Lastly, without nitrogen, the synthesis of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, would decrease due to the presence of nitrogen in their nitrogenous bases.
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A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of
Answer:
receptor
Explanation:
Ligands are chemicals that exert their effects when they bind specifically to plasma membrane receptors. Some of the examples of ligands are neurotransmitters and the hormones produced by endocrine glands. Each ligand has specific receptors on the target cells. Some ligands have intracellular receptors.
Binding of a ligand to a receptor triggers structural changes in the receptor which in turn alters the cell proteins to produce the desired effect. For example, insulin is a hormone that promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood by liver and muscle cells. For the purpose, it binds to the plasma membrane receptors of these cells.
Ligands are signaling molecules that produce a response in a cell when they bind to specific receptors within the cell. The cells react differently depending on their genes and the specific signaling components attached to either the ligand or receptor. This communication mechanism affects a variety of cellular functions.
Explanation:A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of receptor. Ligands are molecules, such as small proteins or ions like calcium, that are produced by signaling cells. They act as signaling molecules and travel to target cells to coordinate responses. The ligands interact with receptors in the target cells, these interactions trigger various responses within the cells, depending on the specific signaling components attached to either the ligand or receptor.
There are also variations in how cells respond to the same ligand due of different gene structures. Cells with different genes produce different receptors. So, the same ligand can activate different responses in each cell by binding to these different receptors. An example of this is seen in small, water-soluble molecules that can cause the cells to turn off transcription of a gene when they bind to a receptor within the cell.
Chemical signaling is an essential part of cell communication, dictating the cell's behavior in response to its environment. Depending on the cell type and internal and external conditions, signal transduction pathways could influence a variety of cellular functions, from gene expression to cell division and growth.
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In cross-pollination, pollen grains must get from one flower to another. What are some ways that this might happen?
Answer:
pollination by animal pollinators(zoophily)
wind(anemophily)
people themselves
water (hydrophily)
Explanation:
In cross-pollination, pollen grains move from one flower's anther to another's stigma, through wind, animals like bees and butterflies, or water, promoting genetic diversity.
In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower, supporting genetic diversity among plants. Several methods facilitate this process:
Wind: Pollen can be carried by wind to other flowers, common in plants with lightweight pollen.Animals: Numerous animals, including bees, butterflies, and birds, act as pollinators. They visit flowers to consume nectar or pollen and inadvertently transfer pollen in the process.Water: In some aquatic plants, water currents can transport pollen to facilitate cross-pollination.This diversity of pollination vectors ensures the widespread dispersion of pollen, increasing the genetic diversity and adaptability of plant species.
Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in Hydra. sea stars. cnidarians. Planaria.
Answer:
Planaria.
Explanation:
The kingdom eukarys is divided into the different phyla including almost all the animals. The organism are classified on the basis of their level organisation, cavity and on the basis of coelom.
The cephalization is initial process for the deposition of nervous tissue in brain. The cephalization is absent in porifera and coelenterate. The planaria also known as flat worms shows the process of cephalization and this process becomes more complex in higher animals.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a
Answer:
The answer is spinal nerve
Explanation:
A posterior and anterior root of each spinal segment unite to form a spinal nerve.
Candice experiences a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension. According to the DSM this disorder is called ________
Answer:
Generalized anxiety disorder
Explanation:
DMS defines generalized anxiety disorder as "a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension".
Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders, is characterized by excessive and exaggerated worry about life with no obvious reason, it can be triggered by a number of factors going from genetics, brain chemistry and stress. People with GAD can develop other anxiety disorders such as phobias or panic disorders, OCD, depression or substance abuse.
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Fred griffith studied two strains of streptococcus pneumonia,one that causes a lethal infection when injected into mice, and a second that is harmless. He observed that pathogenic bacteria that have been killed by heating can no longer cause an infection. But when these heat-killed bacteria are mixed with live, harmless bacteria, this mixture is capable of infecting and killing a mouse. what did griffith conclude from this experiment?
Answer:
The correct answer will be- there is some transforming principle which transformed the harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria.
Explanation:
Griffith performed the experiment on infection caused by the Streptococcus pneumonia in mice. He selected two strains of bacteria: avirulent strain called R strain and a virulent strain called S strain.
During the experiment, when he heat-killed the S bacteria, added it to the R strain bacterial plates and then injected the bacteria into mice, he found that the bacteria killed the mice. He was astonished to see the result as the harmless bacteria killed the mice.
He concluded that adding the S bacteria produced some molecule which could have transformed the harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria. He called the transforming molecule as transforming principle.
Griffith performed the experiment on two strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in which one strain is avirulent called R strain and another virulent strain called S strain.
When Griffith killed the S bacteria (virulent) by heat and added it in the R strain Petri dishes and then injected the bacteria to mice, the mice killed. This amazed him as to how the avirulent bacteria killed the mice ?
He concluded that there was some principle which transformed the avirulent bacteria to virulent bacteria and thus called the principle as transforming principle.
What type of foliation results from the parallel alignment of abundant, coarse-grained mica flakesa.Gneissic bandingb.Slaty cleavagec.Phyllitic structured.Schistosity
Answer:
d. Schistosity
Explanation:
Schistosity is a type of foliation that commonly involves schists and coarse-grained, crystalline metamorphic rocks such as mica. During schistosity of mica flakes, a schistose structure is formed, where the mineral grains are arranged in a parallel or planar manner. They take the form of splitting flakes or slabs that form along parallel planes.
what are the 3 types of RNA and describe each/their function/job
Answer:
transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Explanation:
transfer RNA bringing of amino acid to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Messenger RNA encode amino acid sequence in protein translation
Ribosomal RNA together with ribosomal proteins, it make up the ribosomes
A ______ perspective would be most likely to focus on how the desire to accumulate capital and wealth leads to an attempt to reduce both human and environmental labor costs while expanding production and increasing inequality and environmental degradation.
Answer:
conflict
Explanation:
The conflict theory, proposed by Karl Marx, believes that because of the competitiveness for limited resources, society is in a state of constant conflict.
It argues that, rather than agreement and conformity, social order is maintained by domination and authority.
As per the theory of conflict, those with power and wealth attempt to hold on to it by any means possible, primarily by suppressing the poor and disadvantaged.
Besides cells what other substances do connective tissues have
Answer:
Connective tissue is made up of three major components that are cells, ground substance, and fibers. The extracellular matrix is made up of fibers and ground substance.
Ground substance: It is a viscous fluid that is colorless and it fills the space present between cells and fibers. It acts as glue which helps in the attachment of cells to the matrix. This property is provided by proteoglycans and cell adhesion proteins.
Fibers: Fibers provide support and strength to the connective tissue. Three types of connective tissue fibers are Elastic fibers, collagen fibers, and reticular fiber.
The part of the external ear that hangs below the auditory canal
Answer:
Auricle/pinna
Explanation:
The pinna is a flap of skin and cartilage which partially covers the opening to the external auditory meatus. It collects and concentrates sound waves into the auditory meatus. The pinna leads into the external auditory meatus which is a tube that directs sound waves to the eardrum also called the tympanic membrane.
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that targets prokaryotic (70S) ribosomes, but not eukaryotic (80S) ribosomes. Which of these questions stems from this observation, plus an understanding of eukaryotic origins?
A) Can chloramphenicol also be used to control human diseases that are caused by archaeans?B) Can chloramphenicol pass through the capsules possessed by many cyanobacteria?C) If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?D) Why aren't prokaryotic ribosomes identical to eukaryotic ribosomes?E) How is translation affected in ribosomes that are targeted by chloramphenicol?
Final answer:
The correct question related to eukaryotic origins is 'If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?' This is because mitochondria have 70S ribosomes similar to prokaryotic ribosomes, stemming from the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria.
Explanation:
The observation that chloramphenicol targets prokaryotic (70-S) ribosomes but not eukaryotic (80-S) ribosomes, leads to the question related to eukaryotic origins. The correct question that stems from this observation and an understanding of eukaryotic origins is:
C) If chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic ribosomes, should it not also inhibit mitochondrial ribosomes?
This question is rooted in the understanding that mitochondria, an organelle within eukaryotic cells, contain ribosomes that are very similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. Indeed, mitochondria have 70-S ribosomes, which chloramphenicol can inhibit, just as it does bacterial ribosomes. This is due to the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where it is thought that an ancestral eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic microorganism, which then became an endosymbiont, eventually evolving into today's mitochondria.
Chloramphenicol acts on the 50-S subunit of the ribosome, preventing the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis. This is how it exerts its antibiotic effect, by stopping the growth of the bacterial protein chain. However, the similarity in ribosome structure between prokaryotes and mitochondrial ribosomes means that chloramphenicol can also affect protein synthesis within mitochondria, leading to side effects such as reversible suppression of blood cell production and, in some cases, irreversible aplastic anemia.
Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. Up-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Downregulation is a decrease in the receptors number on the surface of the target cells and make the cells less sensitive to external stimuli or hormone. An example is in type 2 diabetes wherein the insulin receptors can be downregulated. The self-induced loss of target cells receptors for insulin reduces the target cell's sensitivity to the elevated hormone concentration.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
Cortisone is a steroid that is applied to the skin to reduce inflammation. Cortisone acts on cells within the dermis and can travel through unbroken epidermis to reach cells in the dermis. If the epidermis is such a good barrier, how can cortisone easily travel through it?
Corticosteroids like cortisone can easily pass through the skin's protective outer layer, the epidermis, due to their small, lipid-soluble structure. These substances access the deeper layer, the dermis, where they exert their intended effects, e.g., reducing inflammation.
Explanation:The ability of cortisone, a glucocorticoid steroid, to move through the epidermis and reach the dermis relies on the unique structure and function of the skin's layers. The epidermis, despite being an effective barrier, can be traversed by small, lipid-soluble molecules like cortisone.
The outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is composed of dead skin cells that are rich in a fibrous protein known as keratin. Though this layer is tough and waterproof, small lipid-soluble substances can pass through. Beneath this lies a thinner layer called the dermis, where cortisone acts to inhibit inflammatory responses.
Once cortisone reaches the dermis, it actions on immune cells residing there. Thus, cortisone's ability to easily move through the epidermis, despite its barrier properties, is crucial for its roles in managing inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema.
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Match the component of a nephron with its description. Cuboidal cells with tall microvilli Contains podocytes and filtration slits Portion just before the collecting tubule Contains descending and ascending limbs
Answer: check the table in the attachment for answer
Explanation:
In transcription, _____.
a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
b) the promoter region acts as an initial binding site for mRNA
c) both DNA strands are used as the templates
d) a polypeptide is formed
Answer:
In transcription, RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
Explanation:
The process of transcription implies the formation of a mRNA. Is the first step to genetic expression, and it involves the making of a "copy" of the DNA in RNA. This process is performed by the enzyme RNA polymerase, that links the nucleotides to form the mRNA strand.
The incise b is false, the promoter region acts as a binding site to the RNA polimerase, not the mRNA.
The incise c is false, althoug there are genes in both DNA strands, they do not act simultaneously as templates.
The incise d is false, since the polypeptide formation is the TRANSLATION step, after transcription, according to the Central dogma of molecular biology.
Final answer:
In transcription, RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA using the DNA template. The promoter serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase, not mRNA. Only one DNA strand (the antisense or template strand) is used, and no polypeptide is formed during transcription; this occurs during translation.
Explanation:
During transcription, the process by which information encoded in DNA is used to make RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), there are several key steps and components involved. The enzyme RNA polymerase is central to this process.
It synthesizes RNA by using one of the strands of DNA, known as the antisense or template strand, to add complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. So, in transcription, a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA. This is done at the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule.
The promoter region on the DNA acts as the initial binding site, not for mRNA, but for RNA polymerase, and hence option b) is incorrect. Furthermore, unlike DNA replication where both DNA strands may be used as templates at different points, in transcription, only one of the DNA strands is used as a template for RNA synthesis, which eliminates option c) as correct.
Lastly, translation, not transcription, is the process where polypeptides are formed, meaning option d) is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is a) RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA.
Lizards and guinea pigs both eat the exact same type of kibble. If you're farming for meat, and you want to maximize the production of your farm, which animal is a better choice? (note for the geeky among you: They are also the same size and same surface area : volume ratio)
A. Lizards
B. Guinea pigs
If a person wants to maximize the production of their farm, the animal that is a better choice is Lizard. The correct option is A.
What is meat?The English word mete, which meant food in general, is where the word meat first appeared. The word is related to the words for "food" in Icelandic, and Faroese:, mat, and matur.
The most typical and ideal type of food to feed pigs is farm grains. Because they are cheap, low in fiber, and high in digestible carbohydrates, corn-based feeds are frequently used.
Some omnivorous lizards eat chopped fruits and vegetables (like banana, apples, pawpaw, pear, lettuce, and tomato) as well as clover, dandelion, mulberry leaves, milk thistle, and watercress.
Therefore, the correct option is A. Lizards. Due to their ability to regenerate, lizards.
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is inherited as an X-linked recessive allele in humans. A woman whose father suffered from G6PD marries a man who has the disease. What proportion of their sons would have the disease?
Answer:
Half (1/2) of the sons or 50 %
Explanation:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans. It is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder. Let’s assume the gene “g” located on the X chromosome causes the (G6PD) deficiency disorder which will inherited by daughters from the affected father. One allele of the said gene on the X chromosome in female acts as carrier and the presence of the allele “g” on both the X chromosomes will cause G6PD disorder in female.
In the given question, the female whose father was affected with G6PD disorder is married to an affected male.
The genotype of the female would be "XgX". The genotype of the disordered male would be "XgY".
Therefore, marriage between carrier female and affected male would have 50% affected sons and 50% normal.
Which of the following statements about fluid movement is NOT correct?
a. Exchanges between plasma and interstitial fluid happen between capillary walls.
b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane.
c. An exchange between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid occurs across the plasma membrane.
d. Under normal circumstances, lymph vessels help maintain fluid balance, especially between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.
The correct answer is b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane.
Explanation:The correct answer is b. An exchange between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the cell membrane. This statement is not correct because the exchange of fluids between the plasma and the intracellular fluid occurs across the capillary walls. The plasma and the interstitial fluid exchange happens between capillary walls, and the interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid exchange occurs across the plasma membrane.
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Statement b is incorrect. The usual transfer route of substances between plasma and intracellular fluid is via the interstitial fluid, not directly across the cell membrane.
Explanation:The question asks which of the given statements about fluid movement is not correct. The choices given relate to how fluid exchanges occur in the body, particularly between plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. The structures involved in these exchanges are capillary walls, cell membranes, and plasma membranes. All of these statements are generally true, except for choice b. An exchange between the plasma and intracellular fluid does not occur across the cell membrane. The usual transfer route of substances between plasma and intracellular fluid is via the interstitial fluid, not directly across the cell membrane. Therefore, statement (b) is not correct.
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How is the role of the nucleus in a cell similar to the role of the captain on a sports team
Answer: the two are managers of thier operations.
Explanation:
Just as the Captain is the leader of entire vessels who controls all
operations, to ensure success of ship voyage, and management of the entire crew, the Nucleus is a double menbrane organelle who controls all cellular activities and store hereditary information as DNA. It directs the growth and reproduction of all other organelles in the cells.it is the the Brain of a cell,just like a captain is the Brain of a ship.
The Nucleus initiates the basic operations of DNA replications,translation and expression.Therefore it dictates when a new Organelle is formed,and how it will be formed; exactly how a Captain decides which crew member to hire of fire on board.
In order for Talia to leave her apartment, she must first carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and then put on white gloves to protect her hands from germs. Her behavior best illustrates syizletmptoms of___________.
Answer:
If this is about an illness I would think it is OCD
Explanation:
i think that because she is obsessively washing her hands and trying to protect herself. Hope this helps
Talia's behavior can be best illustrated by the symptoms of OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder).
What is OCD?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition in which individual have repeated, undesirable thoughts or behavior, which he or she feels the urge to do again and again, repeatedly. The main cause for this disorder is unknown. Some of the common behavioral patterns which are seen in the patients include frequent hand wash, repeatedly checking over things again and again, and excessive cleaning.
The solution to this problem is counselling and also use of some anti-depressants. Individuals with the OCD may also have other disorders. Tics disorder is the unwanted and repetitive movement which might occur in muscles of different body parts like involuntary recurring sound throat clearing.
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What ratio is obtained when platinum foxes are interbred?
Answer:
A silver fur fox breeder found a platinum fur fox on his farm. When crossing this platinum fox with its silver foxes the offspring was always 1/2 platinum + 1/2 silver. When crossing platinum foxes with each other, get platinum and silver foxes in proportions 2/3 and 1/3 respectively. Indicates how many alleles of the gene that controls hair color are in the fox breeder's farm, their relationships and the genotypes of individuals.
As from the cross between platinum foxes both platinum and silver foxes are found we can deduce that the silver character is recessive (it is present in platinum foxes, but it does not manifest itself). The fact that the crossing between silver foxes produces a balanced offspring of platinum and silver foxes specifically tells us that platinum foxes are always heterozygous. This hybrid character of the platinum foxes would also explain why by crossing them with each other the ratio of 2: 3 instead of 3: 1 is obtained, the characteristic proportion obtained from the cross between heterozygous individuals for a character, since they are not counted homozygous individuals in the offspring (probably the gene responsible for platinum character is lethal in homozygosis). In this way the crosses indicated in the statement could be:
(pt + → platinum fur; pt → silver fur) pt + pt Platinum x ptpt Silver gametes pt + pt pt
pt + pt gametes
pt
pt + pt Platinum 1/2
ptpt Silver 1/2
pt + pt Platinum
x pt + pt Platinum gametes pt + pt pt + pt
pt + pt gametes
pt +
pt + pt + Platinum
pt + pt Platinum 1/3
pt
pt + pt Platinum 1/3
ptpt Silver 1/3
A news article discussing the evolution of domestic dogs from wolves included this statement: "On its way from pack-hunting carnivore to fireside companion, dogs learned to love-or at least live on-wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes." What is more scientifically accurate way to state what happened with dogs?
A) Dogs were created at the same time as wolves.
B) Being around humans represented an advantage, so wolves were able to take advantage of that by changing their digestion to be able to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes.
C) Dogs mutated to be able to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes.
D) Some wolves may have had variants in their digestion that allowed them to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes and so were able to survive with humans.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
The studies done by the scientist led to the conclusion that the doges were evolved from the wolves,
The interaction of the wolves with humans became symbiotic around 10000-15000 years ago when the wolves in search of food changed themselves and adapted to survive with humans.
The studies on the genes of Dog shows that the gene responsible to digest carbohydrate called amylase starting duplicating in Wolves allowing them to digest carbohydrate cereals offered by humans. Their pancreatic enzymes also got modified to digest the carbohydrate-protein rich cereals.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
Which of the following it the most typical order of events in seed germination?
a. water imbibition ® seed coat splits ® root cells divide and elongate ® shoot cells divide and elongate
b. shoot cells divide and elongate ® root cells divide and elongate ® seed coat splits ® water imbibition
c. water imbibition ® root cells divide and elongate ® seed coat splits ® shoot cells divide and elongate
d. seed coat splits ® water imbibition ® shoot cells divide and elongate ® root cells divide and elongate
e. seed coat splits ® water imbibition ® root cells divide and elongate ® shoot cells divide and elongate
Answer:
The correct answer is option A.
Explanation:
Seed germination is the process from which a plant grows from the seed to become a plant by various events that takes place during this process. The most typical series of events that takes place in seed germination is: Water imbibition that is the process that involves a special type of diffusion of water colloid leads to the increase in the volume of the seed.
The imbibition is followed by the seed coat splits so the root can move after elongation and in the last, the shoot cells divide and elongate.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
The typical order of events in seed germination is water imbibition, followed by the splitting of the seed coat, then the division and elongation of root cells, and finally the division and elongation of shoot cells. So the correct option is a.
Explanation:Seed germination begins with the process of water imbibition, where the seed absorbs water and swells, leading to the splitting of the seed coat. Following this, the root cells divide and elongate, forming the primary root or radicle. This root growth involves a zone of cell division, elongation, and maturation. The emergence of the radicle is critical as it establishes the root system that will anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients. Once this early root development has occurred, and the seed coat has split, the shoot cells begin to divide and elongate. The shoot, which comprises the stem and leaves, will grow upward towards the light, completing the process of seed germination.
The correct sequence of events for most typical seed germination is therefore option (a): water imbibition ® seed coat splits ® root cells divide and elongate ® shoot cells divide and elongate. This order correctly reflects the embryonic development from absorption of water to the splitting of the seed coat and subsequent growth of root and shoot systems.
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The pedigree shows the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the genotype of Steve and Sonya's son?
Answer:
The answer is pp
Explanation:
Steve and Sonya's son genotype is pp. Because an inheritance of autosomal recessive disorder is with recessive allele responsible for the exceptional phenotype. In this case, Steve and Sonya are both heterozygotes, Pp, which means they both have a p allele because each one gave the boy a p, contributing to affect his son. And since we are talking about inheritance of an autosomal disorder, we know that the parents phenotypic proportions are the same.
Part A In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the 5' and 3' end are required to generate a mature mRNA. What is the significance of these modifications? See Section 17.2 (Page) . View Available Hint(s) In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the 5' and 3' end are required to generate a mature mRNA. What is the significance of these modifications? See Section 17.2 (Page) . These modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. These modifications are required so that the mRNA is retained in the nucleus. These modifications ensure that the mRNA is properly spliced. These modifications ensure that RNA polymerase recognizes the proper promoter sequence.
Answer:
The answer is these modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. The 5' cap and poly-A tail added to pre-mRNA complete the transformation to mature mRNA
Explanation:
These modifications allow the mRNA to be recognized by the protein synthesis machinery and protect it from degradation. The 5' cap and poly-A tail added to pre-mRNA complete the transformation to mature mRNA.
Labrador retrievers are black, brown, or yellow. In a cross of a black female with a browrn male, results can be either all black puppies 1/2 black to 1/2 brown puppies, or 3/4 black to 1/4 yellow puppies How many genes must be responsible for these coat colors in Labrador retrievers?
Answer:
2
Explanation:
If all black puppies result in a mix between black and brown dog, this means that black is dominant over brown. Lets reflect B's black and b's gray.
1/2 is black and 1/2 is brown in one form of cross, i.e. 1 black:1 brown.
This type of phenotypic ratio can be found only when the black parent is heterozygous Bb and the brown parent is homozygous Bbx bb Progeny: bb (black) and bb (red) in a ratio of 1:1 Another type of 3/4 progeny is black and 1/4 white. This 3:1 ratio is typical of a cross that is monohybrid.
All parents are heterozgyous for a particular gene in the monohybrid cross, but it is not probable because the brown is a recessive trait and the brown parent can not be heterozygous.A new yellow phenotype is also produced in the offspring. This means that the 2nd gene affects the color of the coat
At least two genes (E and B alleles) control the coat colors in Labrador Retrievers. Dogs with the ee genotype will be yellow, B_E_ dogs will be black, and bbE_ dogs will be chocolate (brown). This genetic interplay of the two genes is an example of epistasis.
Explanation:
The coat colors in Labrador Retrievers are controlled by at least two genes, as evident from the combinations of black, brown (chocolate), and yellow puppies that can occur. The two essential genes, E and B alleles, determine coat color depending on what combination of these genes a dog has.
If a lab has the ee genotype, regardless of other genes, the dog will be yellow. Dogs with the B_E_ genotype will be black labs, while bbE_ dogs will be chocolate (brown) labs. This scenario represents an example of epistasis, where one gene influences the expression of another gene. With reference to Mendelian inheritance, you could think of this like Punnett squares, which map genetic combinations, predicting the possible results of breeding experiments.
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