draw the structure of ethanamine.

Answer:

ATP is important because it provides energy for all biochemical reactions to happen.

ATP is used in the cellular respiration process and in the operation of sodium and potassium pump pumps.

Explanation:

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is a small molecule considered to be the “energy currency” of cells. This fame is due to the fact that ATP can store in its chemical bonds small amounts of energy from the breakdown of food. Therefore, the Adenosine Triphosphate molecule serves as a “container” for temporary energy storage. This energy is required in all biochemical processes in the body.

When the cell needs energy, for example, to run a sodium and potassium pump, it will break down the ATP molecule. This breakdown is quite simple as it is made by hydrolysis (breakage by water). This breaks the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups and releases the energy that kept these two groups together.

ATP is also used during cellular respiration where glucose breakdown occurs to generate ATP. In organisms without mitochondria such as bacteria, respiration occurs in a structure called a mesosome. This process uses: glucose, oxygen and produces: ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Cancer develops from a single cell that goes awry. This statement is True

Cancer does indeed develop from a single cell that undergoes abnormal changes or mutations in its genetic material (DNA).

These mutations can cause the cell to divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass of cells known as a tumor. Over time, cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

While there can be multiple factors that contribute to the development of cancer, it typically starts with a single cell that undergoes malignant transformation. This statement is True

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When a stressful situation occurs, the brain's hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system.

There are autonomic responses whenever there is any psychological stress condition prepares the body to fight or adapt to it. The response to psychological or physical stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system.

The HPA axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to stress by releasing cortisol which influences metabolic, immunological and psychological functions. The HPA axis is regulated by several regions of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, limbic system etc.

Antibiotics kill bacterial cells and not human cells because they target the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, a structure absent in human cells. Some bacteria can evolve to resist antibiotics, however, making these drugs less effective.

Antibiotics are medicines that primarily target bacterial cells, without causing damage to human cells. The primary reason for this capability is that antibiotics target certain aspects of the bacterial cells that are dissimilar to our cells, mainly their cell walls. Unlike human cells, bacterial cells have a cell wall made up of a unique substance called peptidoglycan.

Many antibiotics function by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and makes it more susceptible to osmotic pressure. This leads to the destruction of the bacterial cells, thus combating the infection. However, it's important to note that some bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance, evolving in ways that render antibiotics less effective against them.

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Reverse transcriptase in retroviruses converts viral RNA into DNA using the RNA as a template, enabling the virus to incorporate its genetic material into the host's DNA. This enzyme is essential for the replication process in retroviruses. It does not hydrolyze the host DNA, translate viral RNA into proteins, or make complementary RNA strands.

The function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is crucial for the viral replication process. It is an enzyme that converts viral RNA into DNA. This specific action allows the retrovirus to incorporate its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. The process begins with the virus using its RNA as a template. Reverse transcriptase then synthesizes a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand from the RNA template, creating a viral DNA that is a precise copy of the viral RNA. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that reverse transcriptase hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA nor does it translate viral RNA into proteins. Moreover, this enzyme does not make complementary RNA strands - it generates DNA from RNA.

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Active transport

Active transport is a transportation process that uses cellular energy to move molecules across a membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against the concentration gradient. The two types of active transport are primary and secondary active transport.

Answer:

The answer is Characteristic streaming water cycle are as per the following.  

Explanation:

Begins from the Ocean and dampness present ashore and different living beings, it vanishes into air as water vapor which makes it the vapor condensates as it chills off. After which it progresses toward becoming accelerates and offers back to the sea and some penetrates the water frameworks ashore before it runs and returns into the fundamental waterways. We have sub cycles, for example, liquefying of the ice tops , sublimation and sublimation.

The correct answer is option C, that is, from negative to positive.  

Action potentials are those electrical impulses, which transmit signals around the body and are nothing more than a temporary shift, that is, from negative to positive in the neuron's membrane potential resulting due to the flowing of ions in and out of the neuron suddenly.  

During the resting state, that is, prior to an action potential, all of the gated potassium and sodium channels are closed. They open once an action potential has been initiated. The sodium channel opens and more sodium ions move within the cell, making the charge more positive.  

As an action potential occurs, the neuron's electrical charge changes from negative to positive. Therefore, option C is correct.

An action potential is a brief and rapid electrical event that occurs in neurons, specifically in the axons. It is a crucial mechanism for transmitting electrical signals along the length of a neuron.

During an action potential, there is a sudden and temporary reversal in the electrical charge across the cell membrane of the neuron. Normally, the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. However, when an action potential is generated, there is a rapid influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions, into the neuron, causing a brief depolarization. This depolarization changes the electrical charge inside the neuron from negative to positive. Thus, option C is correct.

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The ways in which the organs of the circulatory system and respiratory system are protected are through presence of mucous membrane.

This comprises of all the parts of the body which ensures that blood and other nutrients are distributed to different parts.

The presence of bones such as rib cage protect the heart and lungs while the skin also offers some form of protection against external elements.

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Answer:

(2) Over time, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment.

Explanation:

(1) These animals will begin to evolve rapidly.

(2) Over time, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment.

(3) These animals are easily able to adapt to the environment.

(4) Over time, these animals will become more likely to be resistant to disease.

A small population of an organism with limited genetic variation will be less likely to survive in a changing environment over  a period of time.

This is because the population will experience a bottleneck effects, a form of genetic drift that happens when a population is small.

Reduced genetic variation limits the number of genes that natural selection can act on as the environment keeps changing with time. Hence, the survival of the population is at risk a a result of changes to the environment.

The correct option is option (2).

Replacing fossil fuel units with geothermal plants significantly reduces air pollution, emitting 97% less sulfur compounds and less than 1% of the CO2 compared to fossil fuels. The environment benefits from lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduced acid rain, even though geothermal drilling may cause minor seismic activities.

The closure of fossil fuel units and the setup of geothermal plants in a specific location in America would lead to several environmental benefits. Geothermal energy production is remarkably cleaner compared to traditional fossil fuels. It generates minimal air pollution because these plants do not burn fuel to generate electricity, thereby releasing less than 1% of the carbon dioxide emissions that a fossil fuel plant would emit.

Additionally, geothermal plants are equipped with scrubber systems to clean air pollutants like hydrogen sulfide. This results in 97% lower emissions of acid rain-causing sulfur compounds. After their use, steam and water from the geothermal source are injected back into the Earth, minimizing waste. However, it is important to note that geothermal drilling has the potential to cause seismic activity, akin to fracking processes. Despite this, the overall environmental impact is still significantly less detrimental than the effects of fossil fuel extraction and use.

Answer:...........