During the Heian Period, Japan successfully fought off an invasion by the Mongols of China. What contributed to this success?

The behavior to be acquired in shaping is called the target behavior and people are rewarded for successive approximations of that behavior. This approach is incremental and rewards are gradually focused on actions that closely match the desired behavior.

In shaping, the behavior to be acquired is called the target behavior, and people are rewarded for successive approximations of that behavior. This concept is usually employed in the field of psychology, especially in behavior modification programs and operant conditioning paradigms. The approach is incremental; it starts by rewarding any action that is somewhat similar to the target behavior. Gradually, only responses that closely match the desired behavior are rewarded. For example, in teaching a child to speak, we would first reward attempts to vocalize, then only reward clearer words until full sentences are formed.

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The answer is the Equity theory. Equity theory emphases on influential whether the spreading of resources is fair to both relational partners. It proposes that individuals who perceive themselves as either under-rewarded or over-rewarded will experience distress, and that this distress leads to efforts to restore equity within the relationship. 

The social exchange theory of relationships is applicable here as it explains how individuals in a relationship balance giving and receiving, including Claire's urge to reciprocate Matt's gift.

The social exchange theory of relationships is most applicable in the case where Claire feels the need to reciprocate the gift given by Matt without a special occasion. This theory suggests that the dynamics of a relationship are based on the rewards and costs associated with it. In the context of their romantic relationship, the exchange of gifts without a special occasion can be seen as an action that creates a sense of balance or equity between partners, as each person is contributing to the relationship. The reciprocity rule found in Gouldner's study underlines this human tendency to return favors, which is a fundamental aspect of the social exchange theory in relationships.

Final answer:

Unions have historically made their opinions known through strikes, where workers stop working to demand change; collective bargaining, where unions and employers negotiate employment terms; and supporting labor legislation that protects workers' rights. Blacklisting, in contrast, is not a union tactic but an employer's reprisal against union activists.

Explanation:

Understanding Labor Union Strategies

Labor unions have historically employed several strategies to voice their opinions and bring about change in the labor market. Among these methods, strikes, collective bargaining, and the support of labor legislation have been pivotal. Strikes involved an organized stoppage of work by employees to force employers to meet demands for better working conditions or economic benefits. Collective bargaining is a negotiation process between unions and employers to reach a mutually agreeable contract. When negotiations are successful, they may result in improved terms such as wages, benefits, and working conditions. Labor unions have also played a significant role in supporting labor legislation that protects workers' rights, such as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which among other provisions, granted employees the right to organize and engage in collective bargaining through representatives of their own choosing.

The blacklisting of workers, however, is not a strategy used by unions; rather, it is a punitive action typically taken by employers against workers who are union activists or engage in union organizing.

The answer is developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience. This field is sometimes mentioned to as behavioral neuroscience or biopsychology. Biological psychologists examine the connection of the brain and nervous system with behavior, and related areas such as cognitive processes and emotions.

Final answer:

Biological psychologists aim to study behavior through physiological, evolutionary, and developmental lenses. They analyze how the nervous system affects behavior, often merging with neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and other related disciplines.

Explanation:

Biological psychologists are primarily interested in the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental bases of behavior. They work to understand how the structure and function of the nervous system relates to behavior, integrating strategies from both psychology and physiology. This interdisciplinary field, also known as neuroscience, includes areas such as sensory and motor systems, sleep, drug use and abuse, and the biological underpinnings of psychological disorders.

Evolutionary psychology, in particular, seeks to understand how behaviors may have been shaped by genetic factors and have adapted through natural selection. This approach often considers both the physical environment and the social environment as factors influencing behavior and is rooted in the work of Charles Darwin. Furthermore, biological psychology overlaps with fields such as behavioral neuroscience, comparative psychology, ethology, and biological anthropology, reflecting its broad scope and diverse research interests.

Stella can use this model to study the natural process of evaporation, where water changes from a liquid state to a gas or vapor under the influence of sunlight.

With this model, Stella can study a natural process known as evaporation. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid state to a gas or vapor. This is caused by the energy provided by the sunlight. As the water in the bottle heats up, it turns into water vapor and starts to fill the empty space in the bottle. Therefore, by observing the level of water in the bottle over time, Stella can study and understand the process of evaporation.

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Answer:

Middle English

Explanation:

Middle English language replaced Old English from 1150 to 1500 B.C. in Britain. It all began when Normans invaded England in 1066 under Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror. The Canterbury tales from the 14th century is one of the works of Middle English. Middle English developed by Chancery Standard language, also considered to be the ancestor of modern English.  

Answer: The Copperheads were Democrats who wanted peace, who were from the North, who were against the war.

Final answer:

The person in this scenario is expressing negative cultural attitudes toward aging and holds stereotypes about the elderly

Explanation:

The person in this scenario is expressing negative cultural attitudes toward aging. In many societies, including the United States, there is a tendency to glorify youth and associate it with beauty and vitality. This often leads to stereotypes about the elderly, such as being grumpy or set in their ways. These stereotypes can create a negative perception of older people, as seen in the person's comment about being around 'all those old people' giving them the creeps.

By recognizing and challenging these stereotypes, we can work towards a more inclusive and understanding society. It's important to value the fullness of life experienced by seniors, and acknowledge the diverse roles they have in real life beyond the stereotypes portrayed in media or entertainment.

Defying stereotypes of aging can be seen in the everyday lives of older people we know, such as grandparents or other relatives. They may defy stereotypes by staying active, pursuing hobbies or interests, maintaining social connections, and continuing to grow and learn throughout their lives.

The answer is “five key personality factors: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism”.

Numerous contemporary personality psychologists trust that there are five fundamental measurements of identity, frequently alluded to as the "Big 5" identity attributes. The five broad personality qualities portrayed by the theory are mentioned in the statement above i.e. extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

Answer:

a. efficacy expectations

Explanation:

Efficacy expectations is the term used to describe a person's belief or confidence in his or her ability to complete a particular task or solve a problem. An example of this can be seen in the question above, where an individual is confident that he will be able to exercise even in bad weather.

Efficacy expectations ultimately influence the goals you set yourself, your actions and the results you get in life.

The answer is letter b. children's failure to control their behavior according to the expectations of parents, peers, teachers, and/or legal authorities. Externalizing Disorders is a failure to control behavior in accordance with the authority that leads to difficulties in child's external world and Notice by teachers or parents. 

Answer:

The correct answer is B. One of Congress' roles in foreign policy is declaring war.

Explanation:

The Declaration of War by the United States is a formal statement issued by the United States Congress indicating that there is a state of war between the United States and another nation. The first article, eighth clause of the United States Constitution says: "Congress will have powers ... to declare war." The United States formally declared war against five foreign nations, each upon prior request by the President of the United States and subsequently approved by Congress.

I believe the correct answer is: around the age of 9.

At 9 years old, most children begin to understand that death is universal, final, irreversible, a nonfunctional state, and that there are customs and rituals associated with death such as funerals, cremation, and cemeteries. But, even though children reach this level of understanding, they continue to struggle with the idea that death is final.

Answer:

A. Interpretations expanded to protect more rights over time.

Explanation:

The inalienable rights are those considered as fundamental; which cannot be legitimately denied a person. No government or authority has the power to deny them, since they are part of the essence of the person. Human rights are inalienable rights.

These types of rights, on the other hand, are inalienable. No subject can part with them, not even of their own free will. For example: there is no voluntary slavery. A person cannot renounce his freedom and submit voluntarily to the mandates of another human being.

Other inalienable human rights are that of equality and fraternity. It should be mentioned that they are considered fundamental for the normal development of an individual and consist of the ethical and moral basis that protects the dignity of people.

The inalienable rights are inherent to the individual by the mere fact of belonging to the human species. This means that the way in which they are acquired is involuntary. From the moment an individual is born, he owns them and cannot get rid of them until the day of his death. And there is no possible legal order or punishment that can deprive you of these rights.

There are four fundamental models to clarify psychological abnormality which are:

Biological

Behavioral

Cognitive

Psychodynamic

They all endeavor to clarify the causes and medications for every single mental disorder, and all from an alternate approach. The biological model of abnormality says that mental issue are a consequence of organic issues.