Answer: Tightly wound chromosomes, composed of DNA, must unwind before replication. Cell replication splits a cell into two parts, both of which become new, fully functioning cells. Before this can happen, however, cells require a full complement of DNA for each of the new daughter cells that will form as a result of the split. Because of this, DNA makes a copy of itself in a process known as replication during interphase, a stage that occurs before cells divide.
Cell Phases: Mitosis is the process by which parent cells each divide into two identical daughter cells. However, this majority of the cell's time is spent in interphase, during which it performs normal metabolic functions necessary for the organism, such as manufacturing protein. DNA occurs during the S phase of interphase, sandwiched between the G1 and G2 phases. The cell uses checkpoint signals to ensure at the end of G1 that it is big enough to replicate and at the end of G2 to determine whether or not DNA replication has succeeded. If so, the cell can undergo mitosis, at which point DNA winds up tightly for easy transport during the process.
DNA Replication: Replication begins with DNA unwinding and unzipping, its two strands coming apart. While only one side is the “correct” code, containing the actual genetic information used to build the organism’s proteins, both can be the base for a new strand of complete DNA. The enzyme DNA polymerase matches up each base with the correlating base: adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. When each pre-existing base has been matched to a nucleotide, which also contains the sugar and phosphate of the DNA’s backbone, the strand is complete.
DNA copies itself during the - S phase (Synthesis phase) of Interphase.
Interphase is the metabolic phase of the cell cycle, in which the cell gets nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.
Cells undergo the Interphase before Mitosis occurs (M phase).DNA replication occurs during the S phase (the Synthesis phase) of the cell cycleThe base-pairing rules are crucial for the process of replication.DNA replication occurs when DNA is copied to form an identical molecule of DNAThus, DNA copies itself during the - S phase (Synthesis phase) of Interphase.
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6. What is the main function of the green pigments (chlorophyll a & b)?
Answer and Explanation:
Chlorophyll a is the most used photosynthetic pigment and absorbs blue, red and violet wavelengths in the visible spectrum. It participates mainly in oxygenic photosynthesis in which oxygen is the main byproduct of the process. Chlorophyll b primarily absorbs blue light and is used to complement the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a by extending the range of light wavelengths a photosynthetic organism is able to absorb.
Both of these chlorophyll molecules capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction center of the cell. Henceforth, electrons are passed from this absorbed light energy to water molecules resulting in the formation of hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms.
The main function of chlorophyll a and b is to absorb light energy during photosynthesis, initiating the conversion of light energy into chemical energy essential for plant growth and metabolism.
The main function of the green pigments chlorophyll a and b is to absorb light energy during the process of photosynthesis in plants. These pigments are embedded within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where they play a critical role in capturing photons of light energy from sunlight.
Chlorophyll molecules specifically absorb blue and red wavelengths of light, while reflecting or transmitting green wavelengths, giving plants their characteristic green color.
Once light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, it initiates the process of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are used to fuel the synthesis of organic molecules, such as glucose, from carbon dioxide and water.
Where are most of the species in the world located?
a. desert
b. tundra
c. rainforest
d. pennsylvania
The Rainforest
There are more than 10 million species of plants and animals on earth, and more than half of them reside in our rainforests.
Most species in the world are found in tropical rainforests due to their high biodiversity, stable temperatures, and plentiful rainfall.
Explanation:Most of the species in the world are located in tropical rainforests. These environments are characterized by high biodiversity due to stable temperatures, high rainfall, and a multitude of available niches. In contrast, biomes such as deserts and the tundra have more extreme conditions and tend to have lower biodiversity. Deserts, for instance, have very little rainfall and poorer soil conditions which limit plant growth and subsequently the diversity of animal species. Similarly, the Arctic tundra experiences short growing seasons and is known for extreme cold, which also limits the diversity of species. Conservationists often focus on tropical rainforests when designing ecological preserves to protect the rich diversity of species found there.
A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as:
A. Allopatric Speciation
B. Directional Selection
C. Sympatric Speciation
D. Microevolution
E. Macroevolution
Answer:
A major change over long periods of time is best described as macroevolution.
Explanation:
Macroevolution would be referring to evolution on a larger scale where populations speciate etc. A, B and C are various forms of speciation and microevolution would be referring to smaller changes in evolutionary patterns e.g. in adaptive or physical traits which may not be deemed 'significant' enough to be considered a speciation event.
Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition
the most common gas in the atmosphere
Explanation:
the most common gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen and oxygen followed by CO2 etc...
Answer:
Nitrogen
Explanation:
Among the countless elements existing in nature, we can highlight some widely used or produced in the industry (which, in turn, are used in other areas). And, among these, nitrogen gas, the component with the greatest amount of oxygen in the atmosphere (it makes up 78% of the atmosphere).
Gaseous nitrogen, which is captured from the atmosphere in the same process as oxygen gas, has a wide application in the chemical, food, electrical and metallurgical industries. N2 is used in large quantities in liquid form, since its gaseous form is used as an inert atmosphere.
The graph below shows the population of a species over time.
Population size
Time
a) Label four parts of the graph:
Exponential growth
Maximum growth
Carrying capacity
Growth slowing down
b) Why does growth slow down?
Answer:
picture attached below. Once the population reaches carrying capacity, there are not enough resources to support more population growth, so growth slows down
Explanation:
An S-shaped graph of the sigmoid growth curve is a graph representing the population growth over time. The graph represents the three phases, exponential growth, maximum capacity, and growth slowing down.
The answer can be explained as:
(a)The graph is characterized by the rapid growth of the organisms concerning time, the maximum growth is the point where organisms have used full resources and attained a maximum value.
(b) The growth rate slows down once the organisms become to age and die.
Find the attachment for the labeled parts of the graph.
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Describe the Big Bang theory
How many atoms of each element does potassium nitrate (KNO3) contain?
A. Potassium = 3 atom, Nitrogen = 3 atom, Oxygen = 3 atoms
B. Potassium = 3 atom, Nitrogen = 1 atom, Oxygen = 3 atoms
C. Potassium = 1 atom, Nitrogen = 3 atom, Oxygen = 3 atoms
D. Potassium = 1 atom, Nitrogen = 1 atom, Oxygen = 3 atoms
Answer:
The correct option is D. Potassium = 1 atom, Nitrogen = 1 atom, Oxygen = 3 atoms
Explanation:
Potassium nitrate can be described as a chemical compound which is anionic salt. It has positive K+ ions and negative NO3- ions.
The formula shows that there is only one atom of potassium element.The formula shows that there is one atom of nitrogen element present in potassium nitrate.As we can see, the number 3 is written after O. This shows that there are 3 atoms of oxygen present in the compound potassium nitrate.Answer:
d
Explanation:
When (blank) is released from a (blank) neuron and binds with receptors on the motor endplate, the muscle begins to (blank)
So I’m supposed to fill in the blanks with this one, and I not sure what the blanks are?
A second question I’m stuck on is a multiple choice one,
Calcium Ions move by which mechanism into the cell and bind with tropomyosin and troponin?
osmosis
active transport
telepathy
diffusion
Answer:
Explanation:
I think it is: acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) - motor neuron - contract
second question: diffusion because of opening of ca2+ channels
Acetylcholine is used by the somatic nervous system at the neuromuscular junctions, where it causes the firing of motor neurons and influences voluntary movements. Thus, option D is correct.
What value of calcium ion in muscle contraction?If calcium ions are available, they attach to troponin and modify its shape, allowing tropomyosin to migrate away from the myosin-binding sites on actin.
Tropomyosin generally blocks, however when there is a high calcium ion concentration, the calcium ions attach to troponin and modify the troponin's confirmation, which causes the tropomyosin to shift out of the way.
A burst of intracellular calcium ions that bind to troponin on the actin-containing thin filaments of cardiac muscle cells causes each heartbeat.
Therefore, diffusion is the process Calcium Ions move by which mechanism into the cell and bind with tropomyosin and troponin.
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How are hydrogen ions (H+) essential for the production of ATP?
Answer:
Hydrogen ions (H+) are essential for the production of ATP because it provides energy in order for ADP to be converted to ATP.
Explanation:
Ion- In Science, "ion" is defined as an atom or a molecule that has a net electric charge. A net electric charge means that the total number of protons (subatomic particles with positive electric charge) is equal to the total number of electrons (subatomic particles with negative electric charge).
Hydrogen ion- This is an atom of a Hydrogen element.
ATP- This is also known as adenosine triphosphate. This is a molecule with high energy or a molecule that carries energy within the cells.
ADP- This is also known as adenosine diphosphate. This is an organic compound that consists of adenosine (a common medication used to treat tachycardia or a fast heartbeat) and two phosphate groups.
ATP is importantly converted to ADP in order to release a free energy that can make a cell condition favorable. In order to do so, the process of oxidative phosphorylation happens. Here, the hydrogen ions pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) through ATP Synthase (an enzyme or a membrane protein). The protons then follows through. As it happens, the ADP is converted into ATP.
12. Identify the sex cell shown at A.
13. Identify the sex cell shown at B.
Examples of enzymes
If someone who is homozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder mates with a person who does
NOT carry the mutated gene their child will ________.
Group of answer choices
have a zero percent chance of developing the disease
. have a 25 percent chance of developing the disease
. have a 50 percent chance of developing the disease
have a 100 percent chance of developing the disease
They have a zero percent chance of developing the disease
All the offspring will be carriers of the mutated gene but none of them will show any phenotype associated with the recessive allele. This is because they all will have the dominant allele that will mask the effects of the recessive allele of the gene.
Explanation:
Autosomal means that the allele is not on the X or Y sex chromosomes hence it is not a sex-linked gene. Male and female offspring have equal chances of acquiring the allele of the genes.
Let us assume that the dominant allele is coded by B while that of the recessive is coded by b. The attached Punnet square will show the Mendelian inheritance based on the information from the question.
Therefore, all the offspring will be carriers of the mutated gene but none of them will show any characteristics of the disorder (phenotype) associated with the recessive allele. This is because they will all have the dominant allele that will mask the effects of the recessive allele of the gene.
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Which is the BEST explanation for how fluid pressure from freshwater helps plants to stand upright?
Answer:
Freshwater is a hypotonic solution, which causes the plant cells to swell because of turgor pressure
Explanation:
Fresh water is hypotonic to plant cells thus the plant cells absorbs water osmotically, the cell's vacuole enlarges, exerts an outward pressure on the cell wall called turgor pressure and becomes turgid, which keeps the plants upright.
The pressure increases as more water is taken into the vacuole which pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall until the cell wall cannot stretch anymore. When the cell wall is being stretched outside it develops a resistant pressure to stretching that is equal and opposite to turgor pressure called wall pressure.
What is the matter in organisms made of?
Answer:
All things — living and nonliving — are made of matter, and all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms combine together to form molecules. Atoms of different types are called elements.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Matter in organisms is made up of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which combine to form molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Explanation:Matter in organisms is made up of various elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These elements combine to form molecules, which in turn form cells and tissues.
For example, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all types of molecules found in living organisms. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms as well, but in different ratios. Proteins are composed of amino acids, which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms.
Therefore, matter in organisms is primarily composed of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which combine to form various molecules.
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energy cannot be created or destroyed is that a Hypothesis, Theory, Or law?
Answer:
It's a law
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Explanation:
Answer:
Law
Explanation:
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed is the Law of Conservation of Energy
What interactions occur between individuals of the same species
Answer: an offspring
Explanation:
Based on your prior knowledge, make a claim about the factors that cause inherited genetic variations within populations. Also make a claim about the effects of mutations. Write your claim in your notebook.
Answer AND Explanation:
FACTORS THAT CAUSE GENETIC VARIATIONS
Crossing over. At the chiasmata during prophase I of meiosis, breakage may occur and exchange of genetic information may take place. New gene combinations which result in variations.Independent assortment. The arrangement of homologous chromosomes at the equator of the spindle during metaphase of the first meiotic division is random. These homologous chromosomes segregate into different daughter cells which contain different genetic combinations which brings about variationFertilisation permits parental genes to be brought together in different combinations. This is the cause of variations in members of the same family.Mutation is the spontaneous change in the genetic makeup of an organism. These changes may be inherited by the offspring therefore beginning variation.Answer:
Genetic variation is caused by:
mutation
random mating between organisms
random fertilization
crossing over (or recombination) between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Explanation:
The type of soil called loam is made up of
A) nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay
B) mostly clay.
C) sand and gravel.
D) pure humus.
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
Answer: A) nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay
Explanation: Loam soil is made up of silt, sand and clay. It is richer in humus than the sandy soil. It is suitable for growing most varieties of crops as it retains water and has humus for plant growth.
Would passive or active immunity protect you from a bacterial infection you have head before?
Answer:
active immunity
Explanation:
Active immunity is the form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against infections. When infectected by a bacterial infection that had happened before, one will not become seriously ill. This is because memory cells are able to recognise the antigens and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogens.
Select all the correct answers.
The following image is a food web in an aquatic ecosystem. What two possible consequences will an increased population of smaller fish lead
turtles
large fish
small fish
aquatic insects
water fleas
algae
decreased producers
decreased primary consumers
An increased population of smaller fish could lead to decreased populations of primary consumers and producers, and may contribute to biological magnification if toxic substances are present.
Explanation:An increased population of smaller fish in an aquatic ecosystem could have several consequences. One possible effect is decreased primary consumers as the smaller fish may consume more aquatic insects and water fleas, thus reducing their populations. Another effect may be decreased producers, because with more small fish eating algae, the producer population may suffer, potentially affecting the whole food web due to lack of food for primary consumers.
Additionally, if persistent toxic substances are present in the ecosystem, biological magnification could occur, where these toxins accumulate in higher concentrations as they move up the trophic levels from algae to small fish to larger predators such as large fish or turtles.
An increased population of smaller fish in an aquatic ecosystem can lead to two possible consequences: decreased producers and decreased primary consumers.
1. Decreased producers: The increased population of smaller fish can result in higher predation on primary consumers such as aquatic insects and water fleas. This can lead to a decrease in the number of primary consumers, which in turn reduces the consumption of algae, the producers in the food web. As a result, there may be a decrease in the overall population of algae in the ecosystem.
2. Decreased primary consumers: Another consequence of an increased population of smaller fish is a potential decline in the population of primary consumers. This is because the smaller fish may consume more primary consumers, causing a decrease in their numbers.
It is important to note that these consequences are based on the assumption that smaller fish are predators of primary consumers in the food web. However, the specific dynamics of an ecosystem can vary, so these consequences may not always apply.
Complete question :-
Select all the correct answers.
The following image is a food web in an aquatic ecosystem. What two possible consequences will an increased population of smaller fish lead
turtles
large fish
small fish
aquatic insects
water fleas
algae
decreased producers
decreased primary consumers
Explain how energy flows between abiotic and biotic systems.
25 points.
Explain it in full detail.
Answer:
Biotic factors can be described as the living components of a system. Abiotic factors can be described as the non- living components of an ecosystem. The abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem are linked to each other by the flow of energy.
Energy usually enters an ecosystem through the abiotic factor, i.e Sun in the form of heat. This energy is essential so that the biotic component, plants, can make their own food. Some of the heat energy is dissipated back into the atmosphere in the form of heat. Rest, the energy is directed to herbivores, carnivores and decomposers. All these organisms also dissipate some of the heat energy back into the atmosphere.
Which of the following are products in the process of photosynthesis?
Answer:
The products of photosynthesis are glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is the process carried out by plants so that there is the production of energy necessary for them to stay alive. Unlike animals, plants produce their own food.
In short, it is the production of food by the plant itself. In order for this process to happen, the plant removes carbon dioxide from the air and also uses energy from the sun. The products resulting from this process are the glucose that will promote the carbon absorption of the plant, and oxygen that will be released into the atmosphere.
6 effects of weeds on crops
Answer:
1. They effect crop productivity
As weeds start to grow in the area where the crops were destined to grow, the production of the crops gets lowered.
2. They deplete the crops from nutrition
The weeds will compete with the crop plants for resources such as minerals from the soil.
3. They will deplete water resources
The weeds will compete with the crop plants for water.
4. Sun-light will be depleted
The weeds will complete with the crop plants for sun light.
5. The crop quality will be affected
As the crop plants will be in competition with the weeds, hence their quality will be affected.
6. They can reduce the biodiversity of crop plants.
3. When does segregation of homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis?
The segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during anaphase I of meiosis I, with each daughter cell receiving one chromosome from each homologous pair, forming haploid cells.
Explanation:The segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during meiosis, specifically in anaphase I of meiosis I. During this stage, the previously aligned chromosomes at the metaphase plate are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes, leading to the production of haploid cells. These haploid cells contain a single set of chromosomes, which contributes to genetic diversity when they combine during fertilization. Moreover, the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis I contributes to the unique combination of genetic material in the resulting gametes.
During meiosis, the segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs in two stages. The first stage is during anaphase I, when homologous chromosomes, which are paired up as bivalents, separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. The second stage is during metaphase II, when the sister chromatids of each chromosome, resulting from the earlier separation of homologous chromosomes, separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
30 pts! In 1907, Dr. Duncan MacDougall performed a series of experiments in which he attempted to measure the weight of the soul as it left a dying person. In his experiments, MacDougall placed a dying person on a scale and measured their weight immediately prior to and following death. MacDougall determined the change in weight to be approximately 21 grams. From these experiments, he concluded that the soul exists and has mass. What is the fundamental scientific flaw in his conclusions?
They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.
They are based on the idea that the soul is made of matter, not energy.
They are based on the assumption that the soul does not remain in the body after death.
They are based on the concept that the soul can be measured.
Answer:
The Answer is "A"
Explanation:
The statement that represents the fundamental scientific flaw in his conclusions is as follows:
They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.Thus, the correct option is A.
What is a Scientific flaw?A Scientific flaw may be defined as any observation that is significantly done and published then it is found that it is not completely true or contain any sorts of mistakes or imperfection.
It is exactly true that the study of the soul better is understood in the field of psychology rather than science. These are absolutely based on the concepts of the soul.
But this experiment of measuring the exact weight of the soul is beyond the bounds of science. The concept of science is based on scientific methods, rather than predicting the thing that is undefined.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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How is the cell membrane similar to the cell wall? How are they different?
The main difference between cell wall and cell membrane is, cell membrane is present in all cells but cell wall is only present in plants, bacteria, fungi and algae. ... Cell wall covers the cell membrane and forms the outer covering. Cell membrane is partially permeable but cell wall is completely permeable.
HELP!! In what ways are fats and steroids similar to each other, and in what ways are they different?
Answer:
the answer is the first one!
Explanation:
I did it. do you like food?
Which of the following is true about the DNA molecule during transcription?
It unwinds from both ends.
O
It makes a copy of itself.
It opens up all of the way, one gene at a time.
Only a small area is opened,
Answer:
Only a small area is opened
Explanation:
The statement which is true about the DNA molecule during transcription is: D. Only a small area is opened.
Gene expression in living organism is mainly controlled on two (2) main levels and these are:
Translation.Transcription.Transcription can be defined as a biological process which typically involves re-writing the genetic code (information) contained within a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into a ribonucleic acid (RNA) by using an enzyme RNA polymerase.
During transcription, only a small area (portion) of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is open for it to be re-written into a ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Nitrogen has a melting point of -210.0°C and a boiling point of -195.8°C. A sample of nitrogen is heated from -215.0°C to -200.0°C. what happens to the nitrogen atoms during this?
Answer:
The atoms begin to move faster and spread apart. Hypothetically saying that it is a gas.
Explanation:
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Why are there so many variations of human skin color
The variations in human skin color result from genetic adaptations to different environments and UV radiation exposure. They varies due to adaptations to environmental conditions and UV radiation exposure.
Why skin color varies genetically?Skin color is determined by the amount of melanin in the skin which is controlled by multiple genes. This variation in melanin production is an evolutionary response to different levels of UV radiation in various regions of the world.
In areas with intense sunlight such as near the equator, people tend to have darker skin with more melanin to protect against harmful UV rays. In regions with less sunlight, individuals have lighter skin with less melanin to enable the production of vitamin D which is essential in low-light environments.
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