even though new models were discovered after dalton created his created his five principles, which of these principles still holds true?

Answer:

If a chain reaction takes place, the amount of energy released would increase exponentially, so in order to control the energy release, fission must be controlled without controlling a chain reaction, so the third option is correct.

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

“Aluminum” and “Nitrogen” form an ionic bond.

Option: D

Explanation:

Aluminum and nitrogen are most likely to form an “ionic bond” among given pairs of elements in form of aluminum nitride. AlN is partially covalent and also show ionic characteristics as N needs 3 electrons to fill outer shell and Al has 3 electrons in valence shell. Hence [tex]\mathrm{Al}^{+3}[/tex] is cation and [tex]\mathrm{N}^{-3}[/tex] is anion and have “electrostatic force” of attraction between these oppositely charged ions. Here ionic behavior is seen as nitrogen is more “electronegative” hence attract the shared pair of electrons which is earlier responsible for partial covalent bond formation.

There are 5 possible structural isomers with the molecular formula C₇H₉N.

Explanation:

You may find the chemical diagrams of the structural isomers in the attached picture.

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structural isomers

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Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

The hypothesis needs to produce results that can prove it to be true or false.

A testable hypothesis in science can be experimented or observed to determine its truth or falsehood.

A testable hypothesis in science means that it can be tested through experimentation or observation to determine if it is true or false. This is an essential aspect of the scientific method, which aims to gather empirical evidence to support or reject hypotheses. In order for a hypothesis to be testable, it must be formulated in a way that allows for the collection of evidence that can support or refute it.

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Answer:

The final volume of NaOH solution is 30ml

Explanation:

We all know that

              V1S1 = V2S2

             or V1= V2S2÷S1

             or  V1= V2×S2×1/S1

             or   V1=100×0.15×1/0.50

                    V1= 30

∴30 ml NaOH solution is required to prepare 0.15 M from 100ml 0.50 M NaOH solution.

The final volume of the NaOH solution, with the desired concentration of 0.150 M, can be calculated using the concept of molarity. Plugging the initial molarity, volume, and final molarity into the formula M1V1 = M2V2 gives a final volume of approximately 333.3 mL.

To calculate the final volume of the NaOH solution, we will use the concept of molarity, which is represented by the equation M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 and V1 are the initial molarity and volume, and M2 and V2 are the final molarity and volume. In the given problem, the initial molarity (M1) is 0.500 M, the initial volume (V1) is 100 mL, and the desired final molarity (M2) is 0.150 M.

Accordingly, we rearrange the equation to solve for V2: V2 = (M1V1) / M2. Substituting the given values, we find V2 = (0.500 M × 100 mL) / 0.150 M = 333.3 mL.

So, you would need to dilute the initial 100 mL of 0.500 M NaOH solution to a final volume of approximately 333.3 mL to achieve a final concentration of 0.150 M.

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The measurement of 120.090 m/s recorded by the radar gun contains six significant digits, with all digits being significant.

In physics, understanding the concept of significant figures is essential for accurately reporting the measurements we make. The speed of a projectile recorded by a radar gun as 120.090 m/s contains six significant digits. This is because all non-zero numbers are always significant, any zeros between non-zero numbers are significant, and any trailing zeros to the right of the decimal point are also significant. Therefore, each digit in the measurement, 1, 2, 0, 0, 9 and 0, are all significant, giving us a total of six significant figures in the speed of the projectile.

The number of significant digits in a measurement is determined by the certainty of the measuring device.

In the given speed measurement of 120.090 m/s, there are five significant digits because each non-zero digit is significant, the trailing zero after the decimal point counts, and any zero between significant digits is also counted.

In this case, the significant digits are 120.090.

Answer:

The answer is: [tex]7.7\times10^{10}[/tex]

Explanation:

Scientific notation is of the kind: [tex]a.bc\times10^{x}[/tex]

The given calculation:

[tex]7.0\times10^{3}\times1.1\times10^{7}=(7\times1.1)\times10^{(3+7)}[/tex]

[tex]=7.7\times10^{10}[/tex]

Therefore, the answer in scientific notation is: [tex]7.7\times10^{10}[/tex]

The atom with the given electron configuration, assuming the typo is corrected, has 5 valence electrons, which are the electrons from the 4s and 3d sublevels.

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding. According to the given electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p4s23d3, we need to identify the outermost electrons. The configuration actually seems to contain an error as '3p4s23d3' is not a standard notation, but assuming the correct sequence and based on the highest principal quantum number, the valence electrons would be from the 4s sublevel (2 electrons) and the 3d sublevel (3 electrons), adding up to 5 valence electrons.

Answer:

The total energy required is 121.56 kJ

Explanation:

The energy required to heat a m = 40g sample of ice is calculated using the following information:

The specific heat of ice =[tex]s_{ice}[/tex] = 2.108 J/g-K

The specific heat of water =[tex]s_{water}[/tex] = 4.187 J/g-K

The specific heat of steam = [tex]s_{steam}[/tex] = 1.996 J/g-K

The latent heat of fusion for ice = L = 336 kJ/kg

The latent heat of vaporisation = l = 2260 kJ/kg

The latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change one kg of ice into water without a change in temperature.

Firstly, we find the energy required to change the temperature of 40 g of ice from -10°C to 0°C.

[tex]Energy\:required=ms_{ice}\Delta T\\ \Delta T\:is\:the\:change\:in\:temperature\\Energy\:required=40\times2.108\times(0-(-10))=40\times2.108\times10=843.2J[/tex]

Then, the energy required to convert 40g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C.

[tex]Energy\:required=mL=40\times336=13440J[/tex]

Then, the energy required to convert water at 0°C to water at 100°C.

[tex]Energy\:required=ms_{water}\Delta T=40\times4.187\times(100-0)=40\times4.187\times100=16748J[/tex]

The energy required to convert water at 100°C to steam at 100°C.

[tex]Energy\:required=ml=40\times2260=90400J\\[/tex]

The energy required to convert steam at 100°C to steam at 105°C.

[tex]Energy\:required=ms_{steam}\Delta T=40\times1.996\times(105-100)=399.2J[/tex]

Total Energy required = 843.2 + 13440 + 16748 + 90400 + 399.2 = 121560.4J = 121.56 kJ

Answer:

T = 271.23 degree celcius

Explanation:

For the gas inside the tyre

PV = nRT

So, P is directly proportional to T.

[tex]\frac{P_{1} }{P_{2} }[/tex] = [tex]\frac{T_{1} }{T_{2} }[/tex]

[tex]\frac{2.6}{5}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{283}{T}[/tex]

T = 544.23 K = 271.23 degree celcius

So, Tyre have to get the temperature 271.23 degree celcius for this to happen.

D

Because the moles of the gases are the same,and the volume too, the gas with the highest temperature will exert the highest outward pressure to its environment. It, therefore, will require an equivalent pressure exerted on the gas to maintain its volume.

Explanation:

According to ideal gas laws, pressure, volume, and temperatures of gases are related in a formula;

PV/T = C

Whereby

P = Pressure

V = Volume

T= Temperatures

C = Constant

To understand how much pressure a gas exerts with change in temperature, while volume remains the same, we can evaluate the formulae in this way;

P = T/V

Therefore an increase in temperature, while volume is the same, means the Pressure will rise.

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For more on Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's laws on gases check out;

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Answer:

its right

Explanation:

Answer:

The answers are:

1) Latent heat of fusion

2) Heat is released

3) The process is endothermic

Explanation:

(1) The amount of energy required to freeze one kg of a substance is called latent heat of fusion.

(2) In a process, if heat is absorbed, the change in enthalpy for the substance is positive.

In a process, if heat is released, the change in enthalpy for the substance is negative.

The enthalpy of freezing for water is -6.02 kJ/mol. Heat is released as the enthalpy is negative.

(3) A positive value for enthalpy of vaporization indicates that the process is endothermic.

An exothermic process is one in which energy is released. The enthalpy for the process is negative.

An endothermic process is one which energy is absorbed. The enthalpy for the process is positive.

The expected parameters in Stratopause are; Temperature: -15 degrees Celsius, Pressure: 1 milibar and Water vapor concentration: cannot be determined.

Explanation:

"Stratopause" is the interaction between the ionosphere and the stratosphere. It is 50-55 km high above the earth surface that is why temperature is very less approximately -15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). As it is a thin layer separating the stratosphere and ionosphere actual water vapor concentration cannot be determined. The atmospheric pressure is around 1/1000 of the pressure at sea level.

Final answer:

The stratopause, located at about 50 km above Earth, has a constant temperature close to 0°C, low pressure, and very low water vapor concentration due to the absence of conditions that support water in other phases.

Explanation:

In the stratopause, which is the boundary layer between the stratosphere and the mesosphere located approximately 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface, one could expect to see a fairly constant temperature sufficing approximately at 0°C or 273.16 K. The temperature increases slightly in the stratosphere because it is heated from below by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone.

The pressure and density are much lower than at the Earth's surface due to the height in the atmosphere, and because the temperature is constant, pressure and density decrease together as altitude increases. In the stratosphere, there is almost no water vapor, much less than in the troposphere, so the concentration of water vapor in the stratopause would be very low. This is because the atmosphere's temperature at this layer does not support the presence of much water vapor, which would predominantly be in gaseous form if present.

Answer:

32.0 g O2

Explanation:

[tex]2.00 \: mol \: mg \: x \frac{1 \: mol \: o2}{2 \: mol \: mg} x \: \frac{32.0 \: g \: o2}{1 \: mol \: o2} = 32.0 \: g \: o2[/tex]

I'm not sure if I understood your question correctly so your better off not using my answer lol

Elements of Group 1 and  group 2  in the periodic table contain elements so reactive that they are  never found in the free state

Explanation:

The metals in group 1 of  periodic table consisting of 'alkali metals' which include lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, Francium and caesium. They are highly reactive because they have low ionisation energy and larger radius. The group 2 metals consist of 'alkaline earth metals' which include calcium, strontium, barium, beryllium, radium and magnesium.  These alkaline earth metal have +2 oxidation number, hence are highly reactive.

These both group metals are mostly reactive and so are never found in a free state. When they are exposed to air they would immediately react with oxygen. Hence, are stored in oils to avoid oxidation.

Answer:

600 g K₂SO₄

Explanation:

First write down the complete, balanced chemical equation for such question. In this case:

Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 2K₃PO₄ →  3K₂SO₄ + 2CrPO₄

Next, calculate molar masses of required compounds mentioned in the question. In this case it is for Cr₂(SO₄)₃ and K₂SO₄.

        = 2*(MM of Cr) + 3*( MM of S) + 3*4*( MM of O)

        = 2*(52) + 3*(32) + 12*(16)

        = 104 + 96 + 192

        = 392 g

        = 2*(MM of K) + 1*( MM of S) + 4*( MM of O)

        = 2*(39) + 32 + 4*(16)

        = 78 + 32 + 64

        = 174 g

Here comes the concept of Limiting reagent:

The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete. The amount of product formed is limited by this reagent, since the reaction cannot continue without it. The other reactants present with this are usually in excess and called excess reactants. If quantities of both the reactants are given, then one should apply unitary method and find out the limiting reagent out of the two. Then, determine the amount of product formed or percentage yield.

Also, 1 mole( 392 g) of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ gives 3 moles( 174*3 = 522 g) of K₂SO₄.

Using unitary method, if 392g of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ gives 522 g of K₂SO₄ , then 450 g of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ will give how much of K₂SO₄?

Yeild of K₂SO₄ : [tex]\frac{522 * 450}{392}[/tex]

That is 599.3 g.

Since we have not considered molecular masses of individual atoms to 6 decimal places, this number can be approximated to 600g.

Therefore, 600g of K₂SO₄ is produced.

Answer:

See explanation below.

Explanation:

You just need to show that the ratio of all elements within the compound is always the same. The easiest way to do this is to divide everything by the lowest mass in each group:

[tex]34.92 C : 5.87H : 46.56O \rightarrow \frac{34.92}{5.87} C : \frac{5.87}{5.87}H : \frac{46.56}{5.87}O \rightarrow 6C : 1H : 8O\\\\0.4471 C : 0.0751H : 0.5962O \rightarrow \frac{0.4471}{0.0751} C : \frac{0.0751}{0.0751}H : \frac{0.5962}{0.0751}O \rightarrow 6C : 1H : 8O\\[/tex]

**Please keep in mind that this ratio is DIFFERENT from the stoichiometric ratio of the elements within the compound and does not tell you the empirical formula. The ratio just says there are 6g of C for every 1g of H and 8g of O. It does NOT mean the empirical formula is C6HO8.

Answer:

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (Brady’s reagent)

Explanation:

Answer:

Molarity = 0.458M

Explanation:

Molarity is the representation of the solution.

Molarity:  

it is amount of solute in moles per litre of solution and represented by M

Formula used for Molarity

                      M = moles of solute / Litre of solution

Data Given:

NaCl = 9.3 g

volume of solution = 350 mL

volume of solution in litre = 350/1000

volume of solution = 0.35 L

Molarity = ?

Formula used to Calculate M

                      M = moles of NaCl / Litre of solution . . . . . . . . .  (1)

So

we have to first calculate moles of NaCl

                 Moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl/ Molar Mass (NaCl) . . . . . . .  (2)

*Molar Mass of NaCl = 58 g/mol

Put values in Eq (2)

                  Moles of NaCl = 9.3 g/ 58 g/mol

                  Moles of NaCl = 0.16 mol

Now

Put values in Eq (1)

                       M =  0.16 mol / 0.35 L

                       M = 0.458

So the Molarity = 0.458M

Taking into account the definition of molarity, the concentration (M) of the NaCl solution is 0.45 [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex].

It is necessary to know that molarity reflects the concentration of a solution, indicating the number of moles of solute that appear dissolved in a given volume. In other words, molarity is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution.

Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of the solute by the volume of the solution:

[tex]molarity=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}[/tex]

Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex].

In this case, molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Then, the molar mass of NaCl being 58.45 [tex]\frac{g}{mole}[/tex], the number of moles representing 9.3 g of NaCl is calculated as:

[tex]amount of moles=\frac{9.3 g}{58.45 \frac{g}{mole}}[/tex]

amount of moles= 0.159 moles

On the other side, the volume of the solution is 350 mL= 0.350 L (being 1000 mL=1 L)

Replacing in the definition of molarity:

[tex]molarity=\frac{0.159 moles}{0.350 L}[/tex]

Solving:

molarity= 0.45 [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex]

Finally, the concentration (M) of the NaCl solution is 0.45 [tex]\frac{moles}{liter}[/tex].

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Pb₃O₄ + 4HNO₃ → 2Pb(NO₃)₂ + PbO₂ + 2H₂O​

Thus, the balanced equation will be;

Pb₃O₄ + 4HNO₃ → 2Pb(NO₃)₂ + PbO₂ + 2H₂O​\

Thus, the equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Answer:

Fe2+ (aq) + 2e -> Fe(s)

Explanation:

Oxidation:

Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.

Reduction:

Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.

Consider the following reaction:

Mg(s) + Fe2+ (aq) —>Mg2+ (aq) + Fe(s)

Magnesium loses its two valance electrons and oxidized while iron accept two electrons get reduced.

Magnesium is reducing agent while iron is oxidizing agent.

Oxidizing agents:

Oxidizing agents oxidize the other elements and itself gets reduced.

Reducing agents:

Reducing agents reduced the other element are it self gets oxidized.

Answer:

Law of Conservation of Mass

Explanation:

tells us that matter is neither created nor destroyed during any chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of atoms involved in the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side.

As the reaction,

[tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) + \frac{1}{2}O_2(g) --> CO_2(g) + 12H_2O(g) + SO_2(g)[/tex]

As the reaction, it states the law of conservation of mass

Law state that the mass of the elements remains the same during the course of a reaction.

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Answer:

3.0x1p^24 molecules H2O=____5____ mol H2O​

Explanation:

We une the number of Avogadro:

6, 02 x 10 ^23 molecules------- 1 mol

3, 01 x 10 ^24 molecules----x=

x= (3, 01 x 10 ^24 moleculesx 1 mol)/6, 02 x 10 ^23 molecules)

x= 5 mol

Answer:

Atom is the smallest particle of matter.

Elements are made up of same atoms.

Atom consist of electron, proton and neutron.

Explanation:

Atom was first discovered by John Dalton.

word "Atom" came from Greek word, that means something that could not split. he explained that atom is indivisible particle.

In the end of 18th century J.J. Thomson put forward a new concept of atom. he said that atom have negative charged particles called electrons but overall atom is neutral.

In 1909 Rutherford with his students discovered positive charged particles and nucleus and said that it is in the center of atom.

He explain a model of atom and said that electrons revolve around a hard core in the center called nucleus.

In 1913 Niels Bohr  explains the atomic spectra and put forward the concept of shells and sub-shells.

So overall Structure of an Atom is

Atom has a specific atomic mass and atomic number

Atomic number = number of protons or electron

Atomic mass = number of protons +  number of neutrons in nucleus.

The wave mechanical model of the atom represents electrons as waveforms existing within regions (electrons clouds or orbitals) where they have a probability of being found, rather than precise orbits. It also explains electron energy levels and how electrons change energy states.

The wave mechanical model of the atom, also known as the quantum mechanical model, is primarily required to explain the behavior of electrons within an atom. Unlike the more simplistic Bohr model, which treats electrons as particles moving in precise orbits, the wave mechanical model treats electrons as waveforms.

This model more accurately reflects how electrons do not have precise locations within an atom, but rather exist within areas called electron clouds or orbitals, where they have a higher probability of being found. These orbitals are the regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found and can be visualized as fuzzy clouds surrounding the nucleus.

For instance, in the base state, electrons reside in the lowest possible energy level, or ground state. If energy is provided to the atom, such as through heat or light, electrons can move to a higher energy level, known as an excited state. When the electron returns to the ground state, it releases energy, often as light.

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The wave mechanical model of the atom allows for the probabilistic description of atomic structure, particularly the behavior of electrons. This model explains that electrons exhibit wave-particle duality and exist in an electron cloud around the nucleus. It is essential to understand chemical bonding, electron configuration, and atomic spectra.

The wave mechanical model, or quantum model, of the atom, is fundamental in explaining the behaviors and characteristics of atoms, particularly the behavior of electrons. This model grew from the work of de Broglie and Heisenberg. De Broglie proposed that particles such as electrons can also have properties of waves - an idea known as wave-particle duality.

Building on this, Heisenberg introduced the uncertainty principle, asserting that it's impossible to precisely determine both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This led to the concept of an electron cloud, which is a probabilistic model of where an electron is likely to be at any given time. Schrödinger further expanded this with his wave equation, which could calculate the probable locations of electrons, these calculations are termed wavefunctions or orbitals.

Therefore, the quantum mechanical model illustrates the atom not as a mini solar system with well-defined orbits, but in terms of probability distributions with various shapes and orientations around the nucleus where the electron could be found. This model is required to describe atomic properties such as electron configuration, atomic spectra, and chemical bonding.

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C₃₃H₂₄N₆O₆ is the molecular formula of the large molecule of tryptophan (which is a derivative of tryptophan molecule)

Explanation:

For the large tryptophan molecule we have been given the empirical formula C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂. The molecular formula will be (C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂)ₐ which have the molar mass of 612 g/mol.

Now we calculate the molar mass of (C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂)ₐ:

molar mass of (C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂)ₐ = (12 × 11 + 1 × 12 + 14 × 2 + 16 × 2) × a

molar mass of (C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂)ₐ = 204a g/mol

Now to find "a" we do the following calculus:

204 × a = 612

a = 612 /204

a = 3

The molecular formula of large molecule of tryptophan will be:

(C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂)₃ = C₃₃H₂₄N₆O₆

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Answer:n creating a table from a dataset that does not have a column and a row, the most important thing that you have to ... The answer to your question is C. column headers.

Explanation:

Answer:

column 1: they are solids that form crystals.

column 2: Are liquid solutions.

Explanation:

Crystals are solids, some of them can have viscosity like glass.

Liquid solutions, are formed by some ions dissolved in water, so they can have a definite volume and could be a liquid that is nonviscous because they are dissolved in water.

Hope this info is useful.

Answer:

E) rate of appearance of C = 0.45 M/s

rate of the reaction = 0.15 M/s

Explanation:

2A + B → 3C

Writing rate law for the reaction:

Rate of reaction = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{d[A]}{dt}[/tex] = -[tex]\frac{d[B]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{3}[/tex][tex]\frac{d[C]}{dt}[/tex] → equation 1

Given that the rate of disappearance of A is 0.3 M/s

⇒ - [tex]\frac{d[A]}{dt}[/tex] = 0.3 M/s

⇒Rate of reaction = - [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{d[A]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]×0.3 M/s

⇒Rate of reaction = 0.15 M/s

From equation 1, [tex]\frac{d[C]}{dt}[/tex] = - [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{d[A]}{dt}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex]×0.3 M/s

⇒[tex]\frac{d[C]}{dt}[/tex] = 0.45 M/s

or the rate of appearance of C = 0.45 M/s

Answer:

It is a way for water, minerals, and sugars to move between the roots and leaves. Roots, stems, and leaves have two types of vascular tissues: Xylem: brings water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves. Phloem: brings sugar that is made in the leaves down to the rest of the plant.