Explain how a catalyst affects the activation energy for a chemical reaction
Answers
Answer: it decreases the activation energy for a chemical reaction.
Explanation:
Activation energy is the extra energy that must be supplied to reactants in order to cross the energy barrier and thus convert to products.
A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert to products.
The catalyst itself does not take part in the chemical reaction and is regenerated as such at the end.
A catalyst plays a key role in reducing the activation energy for a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway that requires less energy. Because of this reduction in energy, the reaction can proceed more rapidly. The catalyst itself is not consumed in the reaction and can be used again.
Explanation:A catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway that requires less energy, thus decreasing the activation energy for a chemical reaction. In other words, it helps to speed up the reaction by lowering the energy needed for it to occur.
Let's take the example of a hypothetical reaction, 'A + B → AB'. Without a catalyst, this reaction might require a high activation energy, prohibiting the reaction from occurring under typical circumstances. However, with a catalyst, the reaction might proceed with an intermediate step 'A+C → AC → AB + C'. In this example, 'C' is the catalyst and 'AC' is the intermediate step; each individual step needs less energy than the original reaction, thus lowering the overall activation energy.
It's important to note that catalysts do not change the total energy of the reactants or the product; they just make it quicker for the reaction to reach the product stage. After the reaction, the catalyst is not consumed and can be used again for the same reaction.
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Related Questions
The midpoint of GH is M(5,3). One endpoint is G(1,-5). Find the coordinates of the other endpoint H.
Answers
Midpoint formula: (x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2, where (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the endpoints of the segment
x-coordinate of midpoint = (x1 + x2)/2
5 = (1 + x2)/2
10 = 1 + x2
9 = x2
y-coordinate of midpoint = (y1 + y2)/2
3 = (-5 + y2)/2
6 = -5 + y2
11 = y2
The coordinates of the other endpoint, H, can be calculated using the midpoint formula: Endpoint = (2 x Midpoint) - Known Endpoint. Applying this formula, we find that the coordinates of endpoint H are (9, 11).
Explanation:The subject of this question is Mathematics, specifically coordinate geometry. Given the midpoint M(5,3) and one endpoint G(1,-5), we're asked to find the coordinates of the other endpoint, H. The formula to find the coordinates of an endpoint when given the midpoint and another endpoint is as follows:
Endpoint = (2 x Midpoint) - Known Endpoint
So, applying this formula, we find H to be:
H = (2x5 - 1, 2x3 - (-5)) = (9, 11).
So the other endpoint H is at (9, 11).
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Which piece of lab equipment is BEST used for storing sulfuric acid for a long period of time? A) soup can B) graduated cylinder C) metal tin with a cover D) glass bottle with a rubber top or stopper
Answers
The correct option is D. Glass bottle with a rubber top or stopper Equipment is Best used for storing sulfuric acid for a long period of time.
What is sulfuric acid?Concentrated sulfuric acid is a hygroscopic material that, when in contact with air, absorbs moisture. As a result, it is kept in airtight bottles.
Acid sulfuric (also known as sulphuric acid, battery acid, vitriol, mineral acid and hydrogen sulfate).
The production of fertilizers, pigments, dyes, medicines, explosives, detergents, inorganic salts and acids, as well as petroleum refining and metallurgical operations like plating, anodizing, and steel fabrication all utilize different amounts of acid.
Therefore, The correct option is D. Glass bottle with a rubber top or stopper Equipment is Best used for storing sulfuric acid for a long period of time.
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What is the main similarity among elements in group 2?
Answers
Chemical Properties
Explanation:
Elements belonging to same group in a periodic table have same chemical properties. This similarity in chemical properties arises mainly from the same number of valence shell electrons. Group 2 elements also called Alkaline Earth Metals have two valence electrons in their valence shell with following electronic configuration....
ns²
Where "n" represents principle quantum number or number of main shell.
The reactivity of these elements is due to the metallic behavior as these elements looses two electrons to form a cation with +2 oxidation number. i.e.
X → X⁺² + 2 e⁻
Therefore, all elements present on Group II will form a cation with +2 oxidation number and behave in the same manner with different reagents.
define :
elements found in group 17, highly reactive, and gain 1 electron to become stable
Answers
Which of these has the highest h+ concentration? lemon juice, ph = 2.3 red wine, ph = 3.2 tomato juice, ph = 4.7 household ammonia, ph = 10.8?
Answers
Answer:
Lemon juice has the highest [tex]H^+[/tex] concentration.
Explanation:
The pH of the solution id the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution.
[tex]pH=-\log[H^+][/tex]
1) Lemon juice with pH = 2.3
[tex]2.3=-\log[H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+]=0.005011 M[/tex]
2)Wine with pH = 3.2
[tex]3.2=-\log[H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+]=0.006309 M[/tex]
3)Tomato juice with pH = 4.7
[tex]4.7=-\log[H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+]=1.99\times 10^{-5} M[/tex]
4)House hold ammonia with pH = 10.8
[tex]10.8=-\log[H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+]=1.584\times^{-11} M[/tex]
Lemon juice with a pH of 2.3 has the lowest pH value.
What is the pH scale?The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with lower pH values indicating higher acidity and higher pH values indicating higher alkalinity.
For this question, we want to find the solution with the highest H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration, which corresponds to the lowest pH value.
Considering all the options given; Lemon juice with a pH of 2.3 has the lowest pH value, indicating the highest H+ concentration.
Therefore, lemon juice has the highest H+ concentration among the given options.
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What is the total number of moles (n) of electrons exchanged between the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the overall redox equation: 5 Ag (aq) +Mn2 (aq) +4H20()5Ag(s)+ MnO4 (aq) +8H' (aq)
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5 (
e.?
Answers
5 moles of electrons
Explanation:
The balance equation is as follow,
5 Ag⁺ + Mn⁺² + 4 H₂O → 5 Ag + MnO₄⁻ + 8 H⁺
Reduction of Ag:
Ag⁺ + 1 e⁻ → Ag
Or,
5 Ag⁺ + 5 e⁻ → 5 Ag
Oxidation of Mn:
Mn⁺² → MnO₄⁻ + 5 e⁻
Result:
Hence 5 moles of Ag⁺ accepts 5 electrons from 1 mole of Mn⁺².
Which term refers to an electrochemical cell that produces an electric current?
porous barrier
galvanic cell
electrolytic cell
inert electrode
Answers
Reason:
Following are the differences between Galvanic cell and electrolytic cell:
1. Galvanic cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy , on other hand electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
2. In galvanic cell, redox reaction is spontaneous and is responsible for the production of electrical energy. in electrolytic cell, the redox reaction is not spontaneous and electrical energy has to be supplied to initiate the reaction.
Thus, galvanic cell refers to an electrochemical cell that produces an electric current
How many atoms of zinc are in 0.60 mol of zinc? 2. how many moles is 3.52 × 1024 molecules of water? 3. how many atoms are in 2.00 moles of li? 4. how many moles are in 6.02 x 1023 atoms of carbon? 5. how many moles are in 4.9 x 1023 molecules of zncl2?
Answers
by use of Avogadro law
that is,1 mole = 6.02 x10^23 atoms
what about 0.60 moles
by use of cross multipication
=(0.60 mole/ x 6.02 x10^23)/ 1mole = 3.612 x10^23 atoms of Zn
question 2
by use of Avogadro law constant
that is 1 mole =6.02 x10^23 molecules
what about 3.52 x10^24 molecules
by cross multiplication
=( 1 mole x3.52 x10^24 molecules/6.02 x10^23 molecules) = 5.847 moles of water
question 3
by use of Avogadro law constant
1 mole = 6.02 x10^23 atoms
what about 2 moles =? atoms
by use of cross multiplication
=( 2moles x 6.02 x10^23 )/1mole= 1.204 x10^24 atoms of Li
question 4
by use of Avogadro law constant
1 mole = 6.02 x10^23 atoms
what about 6.02 x10^23 atoms =? moles
cross multiplication
(1 mole x6.02 x10^23 atoms)/(6.02 x10^23 atoms)= 1 mole of carbon
question 5
by use Avogadro law constant
1 mole =6.02 x10^23 molecules
what about 4.9 x10^23 moles =? moles
by cross multipication
=( 1mole x 4.9 x10^23 molecules) /6.02 x10^23 molecules = 0.81 moles ZNCl2
Final answer:
To calculate the number of atoms, molecules, or moles, we use Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³). There are 6.02 × 10²³ atoms in 0.60 mol of zinc. Dividing the number of molecules by Avogadro's number gives us the moles for each compound in the problems posed.
Explanation:
To solve these types of problems, we use Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³), which is the number of units in one mole of any substance. This can be atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the context of the substance in question.
Answers:
There are 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of zinc in 0.60 mol of zinc.To find how many moles 3.52 × 10²⁴ molecules of water represents, divide by Avogadro's number: 3.52 × 10²⁴ molecules ÷ (6.02 × 10²³ molecules/mol) ≈ 5.84 mol of water.For lithium, there are 2 × 6.02 × 10²³ atoms in 2.00 moles of Li, since 1 mol of any element contains exactly 6.02 × 10²³ atoms by definition.Having 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of carbon means you have 1 mole of carbon, as 1 mol is equivalent to Avogadro's number of atoms.To determine the number of moles in 4.9 × 10²³ molecules of ZnCl₂, divide by Avogadro's number: 4.9 × 10²³ molecules ÷ 6.02 × 10²³ molecules/mol ≈ 0.814 mol of ZnCl₂.Which will dissolve faster in water one gram cube of sugar or one gram of powder sugar?
Answers
Powdered sugar dissolves faster than a cube of sugar because it has a greater surface area, which increases the frequency of collisions between the sugar particles and water molecules, hence speeding up the dissolving process.
In the comparison of a one gram cube of sugar and one gram of powdered sugar dissolving in water, the powdered sugar will dissolve faster. This phenomenon is because dissolving is a surface-driven process where solvent molecules collide with the surface of the solute.
The powdered sugar has a greater surface area exposed to the water, increasing the opportunity for these collisions to occur, which enhances the rate of dissolution. Moreover, stirring the solution can increase the rate at which both the powdered and the cube sugar dissolve. However, since the cube has less surface area exposed compared to powdered sugar, the powdered form will still dissolve more quickly, even with agitation.
The speed at which the sugar dissolves isn't dependent on the type of sugar since both forms have the same chemical composition, but rather on the physical form of the sugar which affects the overall surface area available for dissolution.
Which element would you expect to behave the most like carbon (c)? apex?
Answers
Answer:Germanium (Ge)
Explanation:
Convert to standard notation 7.77x10^-4
Answers
The exponent value tells you how many times you need to move the period in the number, and the sign tells the direction (positive, left; negative, right; when converting from standard to exponential, and the opposite when converting from exponential to standard).
This is the uneven distribution of bonding electrons in a molecule creating partially positive and negative sides of that molecule. example: water and ammonia have this, but methane does not
Answers
In each of the above system, central element undergoes sp3 hybridization.
For example, in H2O, oxygen undergoes sp3 hydridization
in case of NH3, nitrogen underdoes sp3 hybridization,
and in case of CH4, methane undergoes sp3 hydridization.
Followed by hybridization, the hybridized orbitals are unsymmetrically occupied in case of H2O and NH3. In water, two hybridized orbitals are occupied by H atom and remaining two orbitals contain lone pair of electrons. In case of NH3, three hybridized orbitals are utilized for bonding with H atom, while one hybridized orbital contain lone pair of electron. In contrast to this, in case of methane all the four hybridized orbitals are utilized for bonding with hydrogen. Thus, methane is symmetrically substituted in contrast to water and ammonia. Due to this, there is the uneven distribution of bonding electrons in H2O and NH3, thereby creating a partially positive and negative sides of that molecule.
Given the equation zn(s) + 2 hcl(aq) → zncl2(aq) + h2(g), what mass of hydrogen gas is produced when 2.8 g zn is reacted with excess aqueous hydrocholric acid?
Answers
Final answer:
To calculate the mass of hydrogen gas produced, we use stoichiometry of the chemical reaction between Zn and excess HCl. After determining moles of Zn from the given mass, we find the moles of H2, which is equal due to the 1:1 molar ratio, and then multiply by the molar mass of H2 to get 0.0863 g of hydrogen gas.
Explanation:
Calculating the Mass of Hydrogen Gas
To calculate the mass of hydrogen gas produced when 2.8 g of Zn is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid (HCl), we will use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical reaction: Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂(g). The reaction shows that one mole of Zn produces one mole of H2. First, we find the molar mass of Zn, which is approximately 65.38 g/mol.
Step 1: Calculate the moles of Zn.
Moles of Zn = (mass of Zn) / (molar mass of Zn) = 2.8 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.0428 molStep 2: Determine the moles of H2 formed using the molar ratio from the balanced equation (1:1).
Moles of H2 = Moles of Zn = 0.0428 molStep 3: Calculate the mass of H2 using the molar mass of H2 (approximately 2.016 g/mol).
Mass of H2 = Moles of H2 × Molar mass of H2 = 0.0428 mol × 2.016 g/mol = 0.0863 gTherefore, the mass of hydrogen gas produced is 0.0863 g.
Which of the following are monomers of the genetic material DNA?
monosaccharides
fatty acids
nucleotides
amino acids
Answers
Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA.
Explanation:
Nucleic Acids polymers (DNA and RNA) are made up of repeating called Nucleotides.
Nucleotides consist of following parts;
1) Nucleoside: Which is made up of 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base. Colored in RED.
2) A Phosphate group. Colored in BLUE.
Answer:
Nucleotides
Explanation:
The monomer units of DNA are nucleotides.
What characteristics are shared by all alkali metals and alkaline earth metals? no answer provided
a. they do not react with water at all.
b. they are strong and shiny.
c. they form alkaline solutions when mixed with water.
d. they conduct electricity very well?
Answers
Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals share several characteristics: they react with water to form alkaline solutions, they are shiny and have a metallic appearance, and they conduct electricity well.
Explanation:Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals share several characteristics:
They react with water to form alkaline solutions. Alkali metals like sodium and potassium are highly reactive and can vigorously react with water, releasing hydrogen gas and forming alkaline solutions.They are shiny and have a metallic appearance. Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, which gives them a shiny and metallic appearance.They conduct electricity well. Both alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of loosely held outer electrons.Learn more about characteristics of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals here:https://brainly.com/question/12708549
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Why should you pay attention to the physical states of reactants and products when writing elquilibrium constant expressions?
Answers
For example, equilibrium constant expression Kp for reaction:
A(s) + 2B(s) ⇄ 4C(g) + D(g).
will be: Kp = [C]⁴·[D].
But for reaction A(g) + 2B(g) ⇄ 4C(g) + D(g), will be:
Kp = [C]⁴·[D] / [A]·[B]².
which of the following is the correct structural formula for ethene
Answers
CnH2n
Whereas in Ethene, n = 2, so
C₂H₄
Therefore, in ethene there are two carbon atoms doubly bonded to each other via one sigma and one pi bond. Also each carbon atom is further covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms via sigma bond as shown below,
Which of the following shows the correct rearrangement of the the heat equation q = mCpΔT to solve for specific heat?
answer is C
Cp-=q/m^T
Answers
q = m*Cp*ΔT
when q is Heat energy in Joules
and m is the mass of the substance in Kg
and Cp is the specific heat (J/Kg.K)
and Δ T is the change in temperature in Kelvin
so, by rearranging the formula we can get the specific heat Cp from:
∴Cp = q / m*ΔT
Answer:
[tex]C_{p} = \frac{q}{m(deltaT)}[/tex]
Describe how to find the atomic number for the element oxygen
Answers
Oxygen has eight protons. so its atomic number is eight.
Determine the mass of 8.59 ×1023 atoms cl. answer in units of g.
Answers
8.59 *10²³atoms*(1 mol/6.02*10²³ atoms) = (8.59/6.02) mol
M(Cl)=35.5 g/mol
(8.59/6.02) mol*35.5 g/mol=50.7 g
The poh of a solution is 9.32. calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
Answers
Final answer:
To find the hydrogen ion concentration from the pOH value of 9.32, we first calculate the pH as 4.68. We then use the relationship [H3O+] = 10^-pH to find the hydronium ion concentration, which is approximately [tex]2.09 × 10^-5 M.[/tex]
Explanation:
The student asked about calculating the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution from its pOH. The pOH of a solution is 9.32, and we want to find the [H3O+]ion concentration, also written as [H+].
The relationship between pH, pOH, and ion concentrations in water at 25 °C is given by the equation:
pH + pOH = 14
From the given pOH value, we can find the pH:
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 - 9.32 = 4.68
Once we have the pH, we can calculate the hydronium ion concentration using the inverse of the logarithmic relationship:
[H3O+] = 10-pH
[H3O+] = 10-4.68
The final hydrogen ion concentration, or hydronium ion concentration, is therefore approximately 2.09 × 10-5 M.
Hg(OH)2+H3PO4=Hg3(PO4)2+H2O
Answers
The balanced reaction equation can be written as;
[tex]3Hg(OH)_2 + 2H_3PO_4 --- > Hg_3(PO_4)_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]
How to balance chemical reactionBalancing a chemical reaction involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Start by writing the unbalanced equation and counting the number of atoms for each element. Begin balancing with the most complex molecules and then move on to balancing other elements.
From the question, we would have to look at the reactants and the products and know the coefficients to add so that we obtain the balanced reaction so we have that the reaction equation is;
[tex]3Hg(OH)_2 + 2H_3PO_4 --- > Hg_3(PO_4)_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]
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When combined two gases have a pressure of 4.0 atm.if one has a pressure of 1.5 atm , what is the pressure of the second gas?
Answers
Total pressure = Partial pressure of one gas + partial pressure of the second gas.Therefore; the pressure of the second gas will be; 2.5 atm
Why would the reliability of results collected for an experiment increase when several groups of students conduct the same experiment in class?
A) some groups might make a mistake
B) allows for different hypotheses
C) allows for different conclusions
D) shows that results are consistent
Answers
I hope this helps! :)
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Which substance would be least likely to dissolve in a polar solvent?
Answers
Octane (C8H18) and naphthalene are nonpolar substances and would be least likely to dissolve in a polar solvent like water. Methanol (CH3OH), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), LiCl, and benzoic acid (CH2CO2H) are polar or ionic and would more readily dissolve.
Explanation:To predict which substance would be least likely to dissolve in a polar solvent like water, one must consider the polarity of the molecules involved. In general, "like dissolves like," which means that polar solvents will dissolve polar substances and nonpolar solvents will dissolve nonpolar substances.
Methanol (CH3OH) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) are polar and will likely dissolve in water due to their ability to create intermolecular hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions, respectively. On the other hand, octane (C8H18) is nonpolar, consisting mostly of C-H bonds, and would have the least tendency to dissolve in a polar solvent due to dispersion forces being the primary intermolecular interaction.
Considering LiCl, benzoic acid (CH2CO2H), and naphthalene, LiCl and benzoic acid are more likely to dissolve in water due to their ionic and polar nature, respectively, while naphthalene, being nonpolar, would be the least likely to dissolve.
If 20.60 ml of 0.0100 m aqueous hcl is required to titrate 30.00 ml of an aqueous solution of naoh to the equivalence point, what is the molarity of the naoh solution?
Answers
NaOH + HCl -- > NaCl + H₂O
stoichiometry of NaOH to HCl is 1:1
number of HCl moles reacted - 0.0100 mol/L x 0.02060 L = 0.000206 mol
according to 1:1 molar ratio
number of NaOH moles reacted - 0.000206 mol
number of NaOH moles in 30.00 mL - 0.000206 mol
therefore number of NaOH moles in 1000 mL - 0.000206 mol / 0.03000 L = 0.00687 mol
molarity of NaOH is 0.00687 M
Answer : The molarity of the NaOH solution is, 0.00687 M.
Explanation :
The balanced chemical reaction will be:
[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]
Using neutralization method :
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is [tex]HCl[/tex]
[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is NaOH.
We are given:
[tex]n_1=1\\M_1=0.0100M\\V_1=20.60mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=?\\V_2=30.00mL[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1\times 0.0100M\times 20.60mL=1\times M_2\times 30.00mL\\\\M_2=0.00687M[/tex]
Hence, the molarity of the NaOH solution is, 0.00687 M.
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The scientist Robert Boyle observed that a gas can expand to fill its container. Explain how Boyle's observation is explained by the Kinetic Theory of Matter.
Answers
1) Sizes of Gas particles are very small, small enough to be considered as neglegible.
2) Kinetic energy of gas paricles is greater than that of Solids and liquids.
3) Distance between gas molecules is very large. That is why Boyle observed that a gas can expand to fill entire container.
4) Collisions take place between gas molecules and with the walls of container causing them to create pressure.
5) Forces of attraction between gas molecules is negligible, therefore they don't interact and never come close to each other.
6) Gravity has almost zero effect on the molecules of gas.
Which intermolecular force would cause the highest boiling point?
Answers
_____
According to the forces of attraction, the hydrogen bonds which are a type of inter molecular forces have the highest boiling point.
What are forces of attraction?
Forces of attraction is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
The physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density are all dependent on forces of attraction which exists in the substances.
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If an element has three isotopes with known natural abundance percentages, what other information is needed to find the average atomic mass of the element?
Answers
isotopes are atoms of the same elements with different mass numbers , in other words same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
to find the average atomic mass we need to know the atomic masses of all the isotopes in addition to the natural abundance percentages of the isotopes.
answer is we need to know the atomic masses of the isotopes as well
The mass of each isotope.
Phytic acid and oxalic acid ________ the absorption of dietary iron.