Answer:
Explanation:
a fungus named penicillin produces a substance that kills the bacteria near it. The mold produces the antibiotic penicillin. How do fungi help plants grow? The hyphae spread underground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil for the plant.
Fungi utilize hyphae with a high surface area-to-volume ratio to efficiently absorb nutrients. They secrete enzymes to externally digest organic matter before absorption. Mycorrhizal associations allow fungi to extend plant root surface area for nutrient exchange and improved disease resistance.
Fungal hyphae are specialized structures that allow fungi to absorb food efficiently due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. Fungi release hydrolytic enzymes like cellulase into their environment to break down large organic molecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids into more digestible forms. The smaller molecules resulting from this external digestion are then absorbed through the extensive surface area provided by the branching mycelia, which can grow into tiny soil pores and access nutrients that may be out of reach for other organisms.
In symbiotic associations, known as mycorrhization, fungi extend the surface area of plant roots, aiding them in the uptake of nutrients like phosphate, zinc, and copper, while the fungi receive sugars and other carbon-based nutrients from the plant. This relationship is particularly beneficial in poor soils and can also provide plants with improved resistance against pathogens through physical barriers and defensive mechanisms. Fungi are adept at obtaining nutrition due to this external digestion and absorption method, contrasting with animals that ingest then digest food internally. The adaptability of fungal mycelia, with their vast networks of hyphae, exemplifies the efficiency of this feeding strategy.
What might be a consequence of global warming for fishes living in a pond?
Answer:
Global warming is resulting in climate change, which is influencing almost all the life found on the planet, however, with the change in climate, the fishes thriving in aquatic bodies like ponds have to face various challenges.
As it is known that warm water exhibit less tendency to carry dissolved oxygen in comparison to cooler water. Thus, with the influence of global warming, water bodies like lakes, ponds, rivers, and oceans are going through a phenomenon called deoxygenation. Therefore, with the warming of the planet Earth, the aquatic bodies like ponds possess less tendency to contain oxygen in the dissolved state, thus, diminishing the tendency of the fishes to use oxygen for the process of respiration.
Which of the following is true regarding cephalization?
a. Although most predatory vertebrates demonstrate cephalization, herbivores and other prey animals do not (as cephalization is thought to have evolved specifically in predators).
b. All multicellular organisms demonstrate cephalization, including both cnidarians and bilaterians.
c. The eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats could all be considered examples of cephalization (as each of these structures are associated with specialized sensory neurons, specific cranial ganglia and nerves).
d. Cephalization first appeared in the last common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians; it is not the result of convergent evolution.
e. Cephalization was initially believed to have evolved to assist in "backward" motion, as many organisms possess sensory organs at both their anterior and posterior ends.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c. "The eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats could all be considered examples of cephalization (as each of these structures are associated with specialized sensory neurons, specific cranial ganglia and nerves)".
Explanation:
Cephalization is a term used to describe the tendency of multiple organisms of developing a head region where the mouth, sense organs and different nerves can be concentrated. Since cephalization involves nerves, sensory neurons and specific cranial ganglia, the term include structures that are attached to the head. For instance, the eyes of owls, the noses of bloodhounds, and the ears of bats are all considered part of cephalization.
Why can't viruses effect non-livng things?
Answer:they need an active host
Explanation:
Answer:
Viruses need a host to survive.
Explanation:
They are categorized under parasitism to the host.
What occurs after cytokinesis is completed at the end of meiosis i?
Answer:
Meiosis II begins
Explanation:
After the cells split in two, the genetic material splits again, resulting in half of the chromosomes, as part of the meiosis II process
Answer:
Two haploid cells are formed.
Of the following, which is best supported to suggest where life is believed to have originated on Earth? Select one: a. RNA world hypothesis b. Primordial soup origin hypothesis c. Subsurface origin hypothesis d. Theory of natural selection
Answer: b. Primordial soup origin hypothesis
Explanation:
The primordial soup hypothesis is the basis of the origin of life on earth. Life originated in the ocean water as a result of the combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and energy from the sun to make up the amino acids. The amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The protein was the basis of the development of life forms and their evolution on planet earth. The chemical evolution supposed to occur at least 3.8 billion years ago.
The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is A) the ionic electrochemical gradient B) protein-regulated diffusion C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure D) the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries
Explanation:
Glomerular filtration is the process which kidneys uses to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so that they may be eliminated from the bodyThe rate at which kidneys filter blood is called the glomerular filtration rateThe main driving force for the filtering process, or outward pressure is the blood pressure as it enters the glomerulus, this is counteracted to some extent by inward pressure due to the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid within the urinary space, and the pressure generated by the proteins left in the capillaries that tend to pull water back into the circulatory system (colloidal osmotic pressure)The net filtration pressure is the outward pressure minus the inward pressureArthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates. This fact most clearly implies that ________.
a. arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates
b. arthropods evolved before vertebrates did extant terrestrial
c. arthropods are better adapted to terrestrial life than are extant terrestrial vertebrates
d. vertebrates evolved from arthropods
Answer:
Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates. This fact most clearly implies that a. arthropods have had more time to co-evolve with land plants than have vertebrates
Explanation:
Arthropods are invertebrates animals. Its evolutionary ancestry dates back to the Cambrian period and they have had more time to co-evolve with land plants than have vertebrates. The vertebrates share a common ancestor. Scientists believe that the last common ancestor of all arthropods is a modular organism with each module covered by its own sclerite.
A fossil is discovered that has only 12.5% of the carbon-14 that it would have had originally (when the animal was alive). If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5700 years, approximately how old is the fossil?
Answer:
The fossil is 17,100 years old.
Explanation:
The decay equation:
[tex]\frac{dN}{dt}\propto -N[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \frac{dN}{dt}= -\lambda N[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \frac{dN}{N}= -\lambda dt[/tex]
Integrating both sides
[tex]\Rightarrow \int\frac{dN}{N}= \int-\lambda dt[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln |N|=-\lambda t+c[/tex]
When t=0, N=[tex]N_0[/tex] = initial amount
[tex]ln |N_0|=-\lambda .0+c[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln |N_0|=c[/tex]
[tex]\therefore ln |N|=-\lambda t+ln|N_0|[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln |N|-ln|N_0|=-\lambda t[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln |\frac {N}{N_0}|=-\lambda t[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \frac {N}{N_0}=e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow N=N_0e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
The decay equation is
[tex]N=N_0e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
Given that,
The half life of carbon - 14 is 5700 years.
For half life, [tex]N=\frac{1}{2} N_0[/tex]
To find the value of [tex]\lambda[/tex], we need to put the value of N and t in the decay equation.
[tex]\frac12N_0=N_0e^{-\lambda \times 5700}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \frac12=e^{-\lambda \times 5700}[/tex] [ Divided [tex]N_0[/tex] both sides]
Taking ln both sides
[tex]\Rightarrow ln| \frac12|=ln|e^{-\lambda \times 5700}|[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln| \frac12|={-\lambda \times 5700}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \lambda= \frac{ln| \frac12|}{-5700}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \lambda= \frac{ln|1|-ln|2|}{-5700}[/tex] [ [tex]ln|\frac mn|= ln |m|-ln |n|[/tex]]
[tex]\Rightarrow \lambda= \frac{ln|2|}{5700}[/tex] [ln 1= 0]
The fossil has only 12.5% of the carbon carbon-14 that it would have had originally.
So, [tex]N=\frac{12.5}{100} N_0[/tex]
Then,
[tex]\frac{12.5}{100} N_0=N_0e^{-\frac{ln|2|}{5700}t[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow \frac{12.5}{100} =e^{-\frac{ln|2|}{5700}t[/tex]
Taking ln both sides
[tex]\Rightarrow ln|\frac{12.5}{100} |=ln|e^{-\frac{ln|2|}{5700}t}|[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow ln|\frac{12.5}{100} |={-\frac{ln|2|}{5700}t}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow t=\frac{ ln|\frac{12.5}{100}|} {-\frac{ln|2|}{5700}}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow t=\frac{ ln|\frac{12.5}{100}|\times 5700} {-{ln|2|}}[/tex]
[tex]\Rightarrow t=17,100[/tex]
The fossil is 17,100 years old.
Cervical pregnancies are extremely rare. Women undergoing cervical pregnancies often experience unusual vaginal bleeding. In extreme cases, they may require a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). Why do you think the symptoms and risk occurs with this type of ectopic pregnancy?
Answer:
Ectopic pregnancy can cause the burst of fallopian tube. If previous ectopic pregnancy occured then again onset of this type of pregnancy may lead to life threatening bleeding. Having the abdominal surgery before may also proved as a risk.
Answer:
PLATO ANSWER
Explanation:
Bleeding would occur because the baby is growing near the vaginal canal, which leads to the outside of the body. The cervix is the bottom portion of the uterus, so if the uterus is damaged, the entire uterus may need to be removed.
Which of the following is TRUE concerning cancer cells? A. They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture. B. They stop dividing after the first checkpoint in the cell cycle. C. They are not subject to cell cycle controls. D. A and C only E. A, B, and C
Answer:
Cancer cells D. A and C only. A. They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture and C. They are not subject to cell cycle controls
Explanation:
When Cancer cells stop dividing, they do so at random points in the cell cycle, not as it is said in option B, after the first checkpoint in the cell cycle. They are not subject to cell cycle controls; and they do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture. The thing is that, in cancer, the genetic control of cell division is altered.
Cancer cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture, and are not subject to the usual cell cycle controls. They bypass the checkpoints in a cell's life cycle that would normally regulate cell division, leading to uncontrolled growth.
Explanation:The TRUE statement concerning cancer cells is D. A and C only. Option A is accurate as cancer cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture. In normal cells, density-dependent inhibition prevents cells from becoming too densely packed and growing uncontrollably, however, cancer cells do not adhere to this regulation and continue dividing even when they are in close contact with each other. This results in the formation of a tumor.
Option C is also true. Cancer cells are not subject to regular cell cycle controls. Normally, internal controls called checkpoints monitor the cell cycle to regulate cell division. There are three major checkpoints during a cell cycle: one near the end of G₁, a second at the G₂/M transition, and the third during metaphase. However, with cancer cells, these checkpoints become nonfunctional due to mutations altering the cell-cycle control. This enables the cells to continue dividing in an uncontrolled way, leading to tumorous growth.
Option B is incorrect, cancer cells do not necessarily stop dividing after the first checkpoint in the cell cycle. Instead, they bypass these checkpoints and keep proliferating.
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A 29 year old baseball player whose head is hit by a high speed baseball is brought to an emergency room. Physical examination and radiogram reveal fracture of the temporal bone and damage to the lesser petrosal nerve. Which of the following conditions could occur as a result of injury to the lesser petrosal nerve?
A. Lack of lacrimal secretion
B. Lack of submandibular gland secretion
C. Lack of parotid gland secretion
D. Constriction of the pupil
E. Ptosis of the upper eyelid
Answer:
C. Lack of parotid gland secretion
Explanation:
Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that this injury could cause a lack of parotid gland secretion. This is because parasympathetic preganglionic fibers that exist within the lesser petrosal nerve go into the otic ganglion, here they start to synapse which causes posterior parasympathetic fibers to join the auriculotemporal nerve which therefore supply the parotid gland for secretion of saliva. Which may otherwise not happen if the petrosal nerve is damaged.
What is a classification division
Answer:
see the explanation
Explanation:
A classification or division essay groups objects, people, or events into categories by the characteristics that they share. Usually the writer begins with a group of people or things and then separates them into subgroups or types. There are a several steps to writing an effective division or classification essay.
How do the properties of water support life on earth?
Answer:
hrydrogen and oxygen formed water
Explanation:
What are some benefits to producing Super Cows?
Answer:
Genetically modified cows produce 'human' milk.
Explanation:
Is there such thing as a heterozygous dominant / recessive? My biology teacher put a question saying to solve a punnet square with a heterozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent. I don't think it's possible to solve this because I have done my research and still not able to find out if there is such thing as a heterozygous dominant. I think my teacher is tricking me, is there such thing as a heterozygous dominant? Please let me know, thank you!!!!
A series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in two species is called _____.
Answer:
coevolution.
Explanation:
A series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in two species is called _____. coevolution.
Which of the following is a natural driver of climate change?(1 point)
solar radiation
changes in land use
emissions of gases from products
burning fossil fuels
Final answer:
The natural driver of climate change is solar radiation. Option A
Explanation:
The natural driver of climate change among the options provided is solar radiation. Solar radiation from the sun is a major source of energy for our planet, and it plays a crucial role in regulating our climate.
When the sun's rays reach the Earth, they warm the planet's surface. This warmth is then radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. However, certain gases in the atmosphere, called greenhouse gases, trap some of this heat, creating a greenhouse effect that keeps our planet warm enough to support life.
In contrast, the other options mentioned - changes in land use, emissions of gases from products, and burning fossil fuels - are not natural drivers of climate change. They are human activities that contribute to the release of greenhouse gases and hence, the acceleration of climate change.
According to the article, how does human activity affect the availability of food for deer populations? What result does this have on the deer populations? It's a timed test so please hurry if you can!!
Answer:
its b i just did this so she can get brainliest
however you speel it lol
Explanation:
The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection regarding immunizations.
Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding of the immunization schedule?
1. "The hepatitis B vaccine is not to be given to my child."
2. "My child will receive all the vaccines like any other child."
3. "Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine."
4. "Blood tests are needed before any immunizations are given to my child."
Answer:
Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine."
Explanation:
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS, which is a viral disease which can destroy lymphocyte , thereby increasing susceptibility to infection and malignancy. A child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection will receive the same immunizations as other children, apart from live vaccines. All household members will also receive the influenza vaccine. Blood tests prior to immunizations are unnecessary and inaccurate.
Answer:
3.Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine.
Explanation:
The nurse provides home care instructions to the parent of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), she gave instructions that
1.The inactivated influenza vaccine will be given yearly.
The nurse anticipates that which laboratory study will be prescribed for the infant
2. p24 antigen assay
The nurse should make which most appropriate response to the mother that
3. Most children infected with HIV develop symptoms within the first 9 months of life, and some become symptomatic sometime before they are 3 years old
In certain prairie community, a dominant prairie grass species has recently been infected with a virus that disrupts one of the electron transport proteins in the chloroplasts of infected cells. DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN the most likely effects on individual infected plants. *
Explanation:
The electron transport chain represents the directional flow of electron through electron carriers in the chloroplast and mitochondria in the cell.
The electron transport chain in the chloroplast is involved in the production of the ATP and NADPH. These molecules are synthesized during the light-dependent phase of the photosynthesis process.
If the prairie grass is affected with a virus that interferes with the electron transport chain occurring in chloroplast then the ATP and NADPH will nor be synthesized as a result of which the Calvin cycle will not proceed which require these intermediate to produce glucose. The plant will die ultimately die because of this virus.
Which process must occur for a muscle to be able to relax
Answer: The concentration of calcium in the myofibril must decrease.
Explanation:s soon as the stimulus which causes myofibril to contract stops, its time for muscle to relax.
A low calcium level in the protoplasm is the utmost requirement of muscle relaxation otherwise sliding of myosin will continue and muscle will keep on showing contraction. In order for muscle contraction, calcium ion i.e. Ca²⁺ must come out of the protoplasmic reticulum so for relaxation reverse process occurs i.e. Ca²⁺ is pushed back to the protoplasmic reticulum. There are many pumps known as "calcium pumps" which facilitate this process. Now, the concentration of Ca²⁺ becomes comparatively low in the protoplasm which causes troponin C to detach from Ca²⁺. Their detachment causes actin and myosin to detach from each other too which finally leads to muscle relaxation.
In multicellular organisms A. somatic mutations are passed on to offspring produced by sexual reproduction. B. somatic mutations may be passed to daughter cells by mitosis. C. all mutations produce phenotypic changes. D. meiosis is not required for the transmission of germ line mutations to the next generation. E. all mutations are point mutations.
Answer:
B. somatic mutations may be passed to daughter cells by mitosis.
Explanation:
In multicellular organisms, somatic mutations may be passed to daughter cells by mitosis.
Mitosis has to do with the division of somatic cells as opposed to germ or reproductive cells. Hence, daughter cells from mitosis are exact copies of their parents. If a mutation occur in the somatic cell of a parent, such could be passed to the daughter cell through mitosis.
Somatic mutations cannot be passed via sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction can only be used to passed germline mutations.
Not all mutations produced phenotypic changes. Some mutations are silent and have no phenotypic implications.
Not all mutations are point mutations.
The correct option is B.
plsssss helppp I need it in your own words and not copy and pasted pls
Variation in a trait is a required condition for natural selection to act on a population for that trait. Assuming a population of organisms only started with only one form of a trait, what are two ways variation in the trait could be introduced into the population? Explain your answer.
Mutation and genetic recombination through sexual reproduction are two ways variation in a trait can be introduced into a population.
Mutation: Mutations are spontaneous changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new alleles, creating genetic variation.
- These mutations can occur due to errors in DNA replication, exposure to mutagens like radiation or certain chemicals, or even through transposons, which are DNA sequences that can move around within the genome.
- Mutations can result in new traits or alter existing ones, contributing to variation within a population. For example, a mutation may lead to a change in fur color in mammals or the production of a new enzyme that confers a survival advantage.
Genetic Recombination through Sexual Reproduction: Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms, resulting in offspring with unique combinations of alleles.
- During meiosis, the process by which sex cells (gametes) are formed, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing over. This process results in genetic recombination, where alleles from different parents are shuffled and passed on to offspring.
- Additionally, fertilization combines genetic material from two different individuals, further increasing genetic diversity in the population. This genetic recombination introduces variation in traits, allowing for natural selection to act upon them.
Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by _________
Answer:
The 2nd law
Explanation:
Answer:
The second law of thermodynamics
Explanation:
Essential amino acids are those that:
A. include minerals such as calcium and iron.
B. cannot be synthesized biochemically and must be taken in through the diet.
C. can only be found in plants.
D. provide essential vitamins
E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment? E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?
one high-density and one intermediate-density band
one low-density and one intermediate-density band
one high-density and one low-density band
one intermediate-density band
Answer:
The correct answer is "one low-density and one intermediate-density band".
Explanation:
The 15N medium contains 15N, a heavy isotope of nitrogen. DNA synthesized by E. coli growing in 15N medium will be of high-density. If the E. coli culture is transferred to a 14N medium, after two rounds of DNA replication, one low-density and one intermediate-density band will be observed in an experiment of centrifugation. This result supports the semiconservative model of DNA replication, where half of the DNA population will be a mixture of 15N-14N DNA corresponding to a intermediate-density band, while the other half is a 14N-14N light density DNA.
E. coli cells grown on 15N medium and transferred to 14N medium would exhibit one high-density band and one low-density band in the centrifugation process of extracted DNA.
Explanation:In this experiment, E. coli cells were first grown on a 15N medium, which contains a heavy isotope of nitrogen. The DNA in these cells would have a high density. When the cells were transferred to a 14N medium and allowed to undergo two rounds of DNA replication, the newly synthesized DNA strands would be lighter in density since the new nitrogen in the medium is lighter. Therefore, after centrifugation, you would expect to see one high-density band corresponding to the old DNA and one low-density band corresponding to the newly synthesized DNA.
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Normally, in corn, genes for waxy and virescent kernel appearance are in the same chromosome. In a certain stock, however, it was found that these two genes are in different chromosomes.
Which chromosomal aberration would explain this?
A) translocation
B) inversion
C) duplication
D) deletion
Answer:
Translocation
Explanation:
Changes occur to the nuclear material from time to time. These changes are referred to as MUTATIONS. A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Mutations are of different types depending on how it occurs.
According to this question, the kind of mutation/abberation described is TRANSLOCATION. Translocation is a kind of chromosomal abnormality in which one segement of a chromosome containing certain genes breaks off and reattaches to a different chromosome.
This is the case in this question regarding the genetic composition of corns where genes for waxy and virescent kernel appearance occur in the same chromosome. It was found out that, in a stock of corn, these two genes are now on different chromosomes. This means that a segment of the chromosome containing one of the genes broke off and got reattached to a different chromosome. Hence, TRANSLOCATION MUTATION has occurred in this stock of corn.
A bird flew and landed on its swing. When the bird "hit" the swing, the swing began to move back and forth. What happened when the bird landed on the swing?
A. Energy was transferred from the air to the swing.
B. The swing and the bird gained energy.
C. The swing's energy and the bird's energy each stayed the same.
D. Some of the bird's energy was transferred to the swing.
Answer:
the correct answer is D
Explanation:
Answer:
answer is d
Explanation:
i took the test and got it
Most theory testing is done on weird people means __________
Answer:
Most participants are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic.
What are National Marine Sanctuaries? Briefly describe them and why we need more than just these sanctuaries.
Answer:
a federally designated area within United States waters that protects areas of the marine environment with special conservation
Explanation:
to protect its natural and cultural features while allowing people to use and enjoy the ocean a sustainable way. Sanctuary waters provide a secure habitat for species close to extinction and protect historically significant shipwrecks and artifacts
Answer:
The sanctuaries help protect the marine ecosystem and wildlife in that area. It protects areas from fishing and pollution. They help keep the marine ecosystems alive and thriving.
*WARNING* Do not copy word for word or you'll be plagarising!
Explanation:
Santuaries are areas that governments help protect from hurtful human activity.