Explain how the water cycle removes pollutants from earth’s water

Answer: D

Explanation: The consumption of fish especially the small fish e.g shellfish is by far the most significant source of ingestion-related mercury exposure in humans and animals.

Answer: In the field of molecular biology the correct sequence of events are as follows:

1. Gregor Mendel proves the Laws of Inheritance in 1865.

2. Friedrich Miescher conducted experiments to identify nuclein as the building blocks of life in 1869.

3. James Watson and Francis Crick presented a model of DNA in 1953.

4. Frederick Sanger developed a method for sequencing DNA in 1977.

In molecular biology, the key events include Mendel's presentation of the laws of inheritance, Miescher's discovery of 'nuclein', now known as DNA, Watson and Crick's proposal of the DNA structure, and Sanger's development of a DNA sequencing method.

The field of molecular biology focuses on the interactions and processes within cells. In regards to the timeline of major events, the correct order is as follows:

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Answer:

As depth increases in the benthic zone, there is a high pressure and limited light.

Explanation:

Benthic zone begins at the shoreline and extends downwards with the continental shelf. The benthic zone covers 70% of all earth. It can host ecosystems such as a coral reef and kelp forest. In some parts of the benthic zone, at a deeper water zone, there is high pressure, low temperature and low sunlight.

Pressure: As depth increases in the benthic zone, pressure also increases. High pressure in the zone makes a homogeneous environment and lack of oxygen develop anaerobic zone formation.

Light: In deep waters (between 200 and 1000 m), light is unable to penetrate to the lower level. Insufficient light leads toward a low photosynthesis rate which is the reason that food source comes from dead and decaying organisms drifting down from upper layers. This condition also leads to the formation of anaerobic conditions.

Two factors that limit life in the benthic zone as depth increases are the availability of light for photosynthesis and the increase in pressure.

Two limiting factors associated with increased depth in the benthic zone include light availability and pressure. First, light availability decreases as depth increases, affecting the ability of organisms to carry out photosynthesis. This results in fewer plant species and a distinct shift in the types of organisms found in these deeper areas.

Secondly, the pressure increases significantly in the benthic zone as depth increases, which can affect the physiology of many organisms. It makes the survival hard for them.

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Answer: True.

Explanation:

All the organism cells read the same genetic blueprint. So they all have the exact same DNA.

True. All of an organism's cells have the exact same DNA.

The DNA in an organism is present within the nucleus of every cell and contains the genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of that organism. During the process of cell division, the DNA is replicated, and each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's DNA.

This means that all cells in an organism, whether they are skin cells, muscle cells, or nerve cells, contain the same genetic information encoded in the DNA. However, not all genes in the DNA are actively expressed in every cell. Different cells express specific sets of genes that are relevant to their particular functions and characteristics. This process of gene regulation allows cells to differentiate and specialize into various cell types while still sharing the same DNA.

Exceptions to this general rule occur in certain cases such as somatic mutations, which can introduce changes in specific cells' DNA during an organism's lifetime. Additionally, some organisms, such as certain types of plants, may exhibit genomic mosaicism, where different cells contain distinct variations of the DNA due to somatic mutations or epigenetic modifications. However, on a fundamental level, the DNA sequence within an organism's cells is the same.

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Answer:

Punnet square helps in predicting genetic outcome of a cross.   or Finding the phenotype ration for a cross

its based on the question u got on apex .

Explanation:

The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. The Punnet square is a tabular summary of possible combinations of maternal alleles with paternal alleles. ... The Punnet square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance.

Answer:

a punnett square shows the probability that the parents off spring will have a certain phenotype be cross the parents two genotypes

further Explanation:

so a punnett square take two parents and crosses them to calculate the chance you will get a certain phenotype by drawing a square and splitting it into four quarter you take the dads two genotypes and put them on the top of the square and you put the moms on the side now that you have the parents genotypes labeled you cross them the letters are there alleles so if you have a upper case allele then it is dominant meaning the offspring get the dominant trait (phenotype) now if you have two lower case letters then the offspring get the non-dominant trait (phenotype) so Bb is gets a dominant trait  BB is a dominant trait but bb is a non dominant trait the way you cross them is say you have BBxbb here's what the chart will look like

     B    B

b   Bb  Bb

b   Bb  Bb

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are two sets of nerve cells in the hypothalamus that produce hormones. One set sends the hormones they produce down through the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland where these hormones are released directly into the bloodstream. These hormones are anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin.

The hypothalamus influences the pituitary gland's hormone release through hormonal and neural stimuli, involving releasing/inhibiting hormones for the anterior pituitary and direct secretion of hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin for the posterior pituitary.

The two modes through which the hypothalamus causes the release of hormones by the pituitary gland are hormonal stimuli and neural stimuli. The hormonal stimuli involve the hypothalamus producing hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland to release other hormones regulating different endocrine glands. On the other hand, the neural stimuli method involves the neurons of the hypothalamus synthesizing hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin (or Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)), which are sent directly to the posterior portion of the pituitary gland and secreted into the bloodstream.

In the first mode, the hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that travel through capillaries to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulating it to either release or stop releasing various pituitary hormones. For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone, released by the anterior pituitary, then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones T3 and T4. The second mode is characterized by direct hormonal influence, where hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin produced by hypothalamic neurons travel via the infundibulum directly to the posterior part of the pituitary gland.

Answer:

Selectively permeable means a membrane allows the passage of some molecules or ions and inhibits the passage of others.

Explanation:

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Answer:

Selective permeable means- to allow some molecules to pass and inhibit other molecules.

Explanation: The capacity to filter molecules to transport in or out of the cell is selective permeability.

Selective permeable membrane facilitates passage of specific molecules on the basis of some specific criteria. This kind of transport is ACTIVE TRANSPORT and requires energy.

Example is lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. It has both semipermeable abd selective permeable quality. The semipermeable layer allows passage of uncharged solutes. Lipid soluble molecules  as fat soluble vitamins and some hormones can pass through the hydrophilic layer. Water can pass through the semipermeable membrane by osmosis and carbon dioxide and oxygen can pass through diffusion from this semipermeable membrane.

But for polar molecule, small ions, it is not easy to pass through this lipid bilayer. They passed  through the transmembrane channels. Other large molecules pass through active transport. In active transport energy is required in the form of ATP.

Diversity

measures individuals sex, race etc. helps to know each organism separately.

Answer:

They implement oxygen carbon dioxide and sun light radiations.....choloroplat is the greeny clr in the leaves.

Explanation:

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Chloroplasts are specialized units in plant and algal cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll a for light capture.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant and algal cells with the distinctive role of conducting photosynthesis. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll a, which is essential for capturing light energy. The structure of chloroplasts, including their membranes and thylakoids, enhances the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoids are stacked in grana to increase the surface area for light absorption. Membranes house components necessary for the electron transport chain and provide a compartmentalized environment for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll a absorbs light energy and emits an electron, starting the process of an electron transport chain. Electron carriers, such as the molecules NADP+ and ATP, are then used to transport energy around the cell, particularly in the synthesis of organic molecules in the Calvin cycle. The electron transport chain is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy, stored in ATP and NADPH, used to produce sugars from carbon dioxide.

Answer:

The correct answer is A from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Explanation:

Diffusion is one of the most important membrane transport process which helps in the transport of small molecules and gases across the plasma membrane from higher concentration region to the region of low concentration until the concentration of the transported molecule becomes equal at both sides.

    As the molecule move along the concentration gradient no external energy is needed to carry out simple diffusion.

Answer:

A. from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Explanation:

Through the process of simple diffusion, materials move across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The direction of movement can be into or out of the cell depending on the concentration of materials on either side of the membrane.

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If the genetic code used four bases as a code instead of three then 256 units could be encoded.

Explanation:

There are 4 DNA bases that can make up the hereditary code. On the off chance that the codon for every amino corrosive was comprised of just 2 bases, just 16 unique codons would be conceivable.

Given:

1 Bases = [tex]4[/tex] DNA bases

2 Bases = [tex]4^2 = 16[/tex] DNA bases

3 Bases = [tex]4^3 = 64[/tex] DNA bases

4 Bases = [tex]4^4 = 256[/tex] DNA bases

Unmistakably this isn't sufficient. Be that as it may if every ha a codon made up of 3 bases (similar to the case) there are 64 potential blends which are all that could possibly be needed.

So for 4 bases, just 256 unique codons would be conceivable.

Answer:

When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning - occurs between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger. Most lightning happens inside a cloud, but sometimes it happens between the cloud and the ground.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Static electricity results in cloud-to-ground lightning by creating a large electric field between the cloud, acting as one plate of a capacitor, and the ground. The discharge process involves a downward step-leader followed by an upward return stroke which we observe as lightning.

Explanation:

Static electricity leads to cloud-to-ground lightning due to the charge separation within the cloud and between the cloud and the ground. During an electrical storm, the cloud and the ground can be likened to a parallel-plate capacitor. The bottom of the cloud accumulates negative charges through frictional electricity caused by collisions of ice particles in the upper atmosphere. These negative charges repel negative charges on the Earth's surface, inducing a net positive charge below the thunderstorm. When the electric field's magnitude between the cloud and ground exceeds the critical value (Ec), the air gets ionized, and lightning can occur.

The lightning discharge process begins with a stream of electrons, known as a step-leader, descending towards the ground in a branching, ionized channel. When this step-leader nears the ground, a positively charged return stroke moves upwards to meet it. This creates a conducting path that allows for a massive transfer of electrons from cloud to ground and results in the bright flash and thunder that characterizes a lightning strike. The process can repeat numerous times along the same path in a single lightning strike, making lightning appear to flicker.

Answer:

Explanation: Active transport uses energy (ATP) for the moving the molecules in and out of the cellular membranes and therefore remain active, while in passive transport the molecules do not use energy for their movements and so the name is given as passive.

Active transport requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require any energy and permits substances to move naturally from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

The fundamental difference between active transport and passive transport involves the need for energy. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against a concentration gradient - often through a membrane protein structure that functions as a pump. A known example is the sodium-potassium pump that uses energy to transport sodium out of and potassium into cells, both against their concentration gradient.

On the other hand, passive transport, does not require energy. Substances move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without the use of ATP or any form of energy. Passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion are two examples of passive transport.

In active transport, substances usually move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, which is often termed as moving 'uphill'. The cell needs to expend energy in the form of ATP for this process. Passive transport happens naturally and does not require energy, as substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, going 'downhill'.

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Acquired traits

Explanation:

The traits an organism develops during its lifetime are called acquired traits.

They are different from inherited traits in which organisms directly obtain from their parents.

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Answer:

Cells!

Explanation:

240.5 gram DNA is in an adult human’s body.

Explanation:

DNA is the genetic material in human body. It is given that each human cell has approximately 6.5 picograms of DNA. It is also given that there are 37 trillion cells in the body.

We have to calculate the amount of DNA in human body.

Number of cells=37 trillion = [tex]3.7 \times 10^1^3[/tex]    

Amount of DNA per cell= 6.5 picogram = [tex]6.5 \times 10^-^1^2g[/tex]

Total amount of DNA in body= [tex]3.7 \times 10^1^3 \times 6.5 \times 10^-^1^2[/tex]

=240.5 g

Final answer:

To find the total amount of DNA in an adult human body, multiply 37 trillion cells by 6.5 picograms per cell and convert to grams. The result is approximately 240.5 grams of DNA.

Explanation:

To calculate the total amount of DNA in an adult human body, we will multiply the number of cells by the amount of DNA per cell. According to the question, an adult has approximately 37 trillion cells, and each cell has roughly 6.5 picograms of DNA. To find the total DNA in grams, we proceed as follows:

Total DNA (in grams) = number of cells ×amount of DNA per cell

Total DNA (in grams) = 37 trillion cells × 6.5 picograms/cell

We then convert the number of cells to a numerical value and picograms to grams:

Total DNA (in grams) = (3.7 × 10¹³  cells) × (6.5 ×10⁻¹² grams/cell)

Now, we multiply these two values:

Total DNA (in grams) = 3.7× 6.5 ×10¹³ × 10⁻¹²

Total DNA (in grams) = 24.05  10¹

Total DNA (in grams) = 240.5 grams

Therefore, the correct answer is that an adult human body contains approximately 240.5 grams of DNA.

Answer:

Prokaryotes.

Explanation:

Most of the Eukaryotes most likely to evolve from the Prokaryotes.  Prokaryotes are basically unicellular organisms that lack internal membrane-bound structures. So, they do not carry nucleus and generally have a single chromosome. Most of them have a cell wall outside  the plasma membrane, which is a thin layer of lipid that completely surrounds the cell.  Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission method.

Plasma membrane forms a stable barrier.

Result: Plasma membrane act as a barrier to protect the cell content from the surroundings.

Final answer:

The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier between a cell's cytoplasm and the external environment, strictly controlling what substances can enter or leave the cell, thereby maintaining homeostasis.

Explanation:

The plasma membrane, often referred to as the cell membrane, plays a critical role in cellular function. It forms a selective barrier between the internal cytoplasm and the external environment of the cell. As such, the plasma membrane enables the cell to maintain a stable internal environment, also known as homeostasis, by controlling what enters and exits the cell. This selective barrier features selective permeability, meaning it only allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others, maintaining the delicate balance necessary for the cell's survival.

Composed mainly of a bilayer of phospholipids along with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, the plasma membrane's structure is essential for its function. The hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads of phospholipids face outward and inward toward the water-rich environments, while the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails face each other, forming the membrane's interior. This arrangement creates a semi-permeable membrane, with protein channels and transporters that assist in the selective movement of molecules.

Explanation:

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of the chemical compund and that it can take part in a chemical reaction.

An atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It is also a unit of matter that has a characteristic properties of the chemical element. The atom is the basic building block of chemistry.

Chemistry is the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances.

Life cycle of plasmodium in human host consists of 7-10 days survival, causing infection and eradication after getting treatment.

Plasmodium is the malaria parasite that causes malaria in humans. The parasite requires two hosts so the life cycle of the parasite includes vertebrates and insect hosts. The life cycle begins from a blood-feeding insect and then into a human host.

When a blood-feeding insect, say a female Anopheles mosquito, makes contact with a human body, it injects parasites in the form of 'sporozoites' into the body. This makes human the second host.  The sporozoites then travel through the blood stream and enter lever where they first begin to multiply asexually. This continues for 7 to 10 days without any evidence of symptoms. Then they begin to multiply in red blood cells and continue until the cell bursts. 'Merozoites' are released after each cell break that continue the cycle of multiplication and infect the other red blood cells. Humans spike fever when parasites break free and enter bloodstream, showing the symptoms of Malaria.

Answer:

In the process of nitrogen fixation, the decomposers convert free nitrogen into ammonia so that it can be used again by the plants in the soil. So the answer is 'A'.

Explanation:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is converted into other organic forms and then broken down again to carry out the cycle again.

All the organisms use a fixed form of nitrogen to produce amino acids. The cycle helps the plants by providing them with ammonium. Nitrogen Fixation is carried out by bacteria, decomposers etc. When the nitrogen is fixed and utilized, the decomposers help in breaking down proteins in the excreta and bodies of dead organisms, converting it back into ammonia for the plants to use. In short, they carry out the recycling process.

Answer:

Removing salt from ocean water and returning the removed salt to the bay. The resulting increase in salinity in the bay affect the fish populations because low levels of dissolved oxygen would increase.

Explanation:

Desalination plants work by reverse osmosis, meaning energy is needed to push water past a membrane at high pressure in order to separate the salt (learn more how it works). A typical plant takes an average of 10 to 13 kilowatt hours of energy per every thousand gallons processed.

Answer:

Low levels of dissolved oxygen would increase.

Explanation:

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Answer:

Chromosomes are made of DNA

Explanation:

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Answer:

Scientific method

Answer:

If I were studying the causes of cancer, the topic which might interest me is "The topic of spindle-fibre structure.".

Explanation:

In cell division, the accurate segregation of chromosomes is coordinated with the complex structure of spindle fibre in cell. The mitiotic structure is consisted of two apparatus, one is centrosomes and the other is microtubules. Mitiotic spindle is formed during the polymerization process of the microtubules in centrosome. Any kind of disruption in the structure of the microtubules causes aberration in the spindle fibre structure and error in the number of chromosomes. This change is one of the major causes of developing cancer.

Answer:

Each base pair is formed from two complementary nucleotides (purine with pyrimidine) bound together by hydrogen bonds. The base pairs in DNA are adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

Explanation:

In DNA, four types of nucleotide bases are present which forms base pair with each other such as adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Thus, the correct option is A.

A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. Nitrogenous bases are of two different types on the basis of nature of the ring present in the base: Purine and Pyrimidines.

Purines are made up of a pyrimidine and an imidazole ring. Purines include adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines are similar to pyridine in structure. These are of three types: Thymine, cytosine and uracil. In DNA, adenine and guanine are present along with thymine and cytosine.

Adenine base pairs with the thymine and forms two hydrogen bonds whereas cytosine base pairs with the guanine base with the help of three hydrogen bonds.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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Land, Water and Air are the three sub-groups of animals in  Aristotle's classification system. He also classified on basis of red blood cells and without red blood cells.

Aristotle is very popular in ancient Greece and he is very popular in the field of biology and mathematics. He divided the living organisms into two classes called the Plants and the Animals. He divided the animals into two classes – one which contains red blood cells and the other which didn’t contain any red blood cells.

He also noticed that most of the organisms which contained red blood cells are vertebrates i.e they contained a body vertebral column in their back. So they were called as vertebrates and the others were called as invertebrates.

Answer:

Option B and D are correct as the Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere have been steadily increasing and other greenhouse gases amplify the effect of carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

As we all are aware that increasing rate of carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming. Scientists note that the average temperature on Earth is increasing over time. They believe that a contributing factor is the greenhouse effect.  

This effect is caused by the formation of greenhouse gases, such as methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is considered to be the cause of global warming and climate change. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone are main green house gases.  

Carbon dioxide is steadily increasing in the atmosphere over hundreds of years and it has a longer life span than most of the gases.

Option B and C

Carbon dioxide is the most prominent greenhouse gas of atmosphere. It is very much responsible for increasing the temperature of Earth's surface by capturing the long wave infrared lights emitted by Earth's surface.

Due to industrial revolution, various natural calamities and huge increase in population over the last few centuries, amount of carbon dioxide is increasing in atmosphere significantly. And the half life of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is around 200 years which is much more than other significant greenhouse gases. This leads to the significant contribution of carbon dioxide to greenhouse effect.

Answer:

Thermohaline

Explanation:

Ocean currents are very deep and can go many thousand meters under the water. These currents influence the water density. This fenomenon s known as thermohaline circulation.

Thermohaline circulation serves to mix and transport the water in the ocean.These circulation is caused by sinking surface water.

Answer:

Currents that occur in Deep water are:

Explanation:

The circulation called Termohaline refers to the currents that occur in the depths of the oceans due to the difference in salinity or heat between the waters (hence its name, since thermos is the Greek root for hot), this occurs since as the temperature of a flow of water increases, its density decreases, when this occurs, this water tends to rise while the denser water drops, this cycle of events allows for marine currents.