Answer: a) Single-bit errors: It affects only one bit in a symbol.
Burst errors: It affects to several sequential bits in a given
symbol
b) 10000 bits.
c) When the most typical error is a single bit error.
Explanation: a) It is explained in the answer.
b) If data is being transmitted at 100 Mbps, this means that in 1 second, 100x 10e6 bits are transmitted, and that one single bit lasts for 10e-8 sec.
So, if the noise event that causes the burst error lasts 0.1 msec, this means 10e-4 sec.
Number of bits in error= 10e-4/10e-8= 10e4 bits= 10000 bits.
c) If the error is in a single bit in a symbol, this means that if the right number of 1s is even, a single error will change this number to an odd number , and the error could be easily detected.
Final answer:
Single-bit errors affect one bit, while burst errors affect a sequence of adjacent bits. For the 0.1ms burst error at 100Mbps, 10,000 bits are affected. Parity bits are suitable for low error rates and simple error detection needs.
Explanation:
The difference between single-bit errors and burst errors in error control in communications systems is that a single-bit error affects only one bit within a data stream, meaning only one bit has been altered from a zero to a one, or vice versa. In contrast, burst errors affect a sequence of adjacent bits in the data stream, which can be due to noise, fading, or other issues with the communication channel.
(a) For a noise event that causes a burst error to occur lasting for 0.1 ms (milliseconds) with a data transmission rate of 100 Mbps (megabits per second), the number of affected data bits can be calculated by multiplying the duration of the noise event by the transmission rate. This results in 0.1 ms * 100 Mbps = 0.1 * 10−6 * 100 * 106 = 10,000 bits affected.
(b) The use of parity bits is an appropriate error control technique when the error rate is low, and simple error detection is required, such as in scenarios where the cost of additional complex error correction measures is not justified or the communication channel is reliable enough that only rare error detection is needed.
Simplify the following Boolean expressions using algebraic manipulation.
a. F(a,b) = a’b’ + ab + ab'
b. F(r,s,t) = r’ + rt + rs’ + rs’t’
c. F(x,y) = (x + y)’(x’ + y’)’
d. F(a,b,c) = b'+ bc + ab + a'bc'
e. F(a,b,c,d) = ac + b'd + a'bc + b'cd'
Answer:
Simplification of the expressions:
a) a’b’ + ab + ab' = a +b'
b) r’ + rt + rs’ + rs’t’ = r' + s' + t
c) (x + y)’(x’ + y’)’ = False
d) b'+ bc + ab + a'bc' = True
e) ac + b'd + a'bc + b'cd' = c + b'd
Explanation:
The step by step solution for each expression will use the following laws of Boolean Algebra:
Idempotent Law:
aa=a
a+a=a
Associative Law
:
(ab)c=a(bc)
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
Commutative Law
:
ab=ba
a+b=b+a
Distributive Law
:
a(b+c)=ab+ac
a+(bc)=(a+b)(a+c)
Identity Law
:
a*0=0 a*1=a
a+1=1 a+0=a
Complement Law
:
aa'=0
a+a'=1
Involution Law
:
(a')'=a
DeMorgan's Law
:
(ab)'=a'+b'
(a+b)'=a'b'
Absorption Law:
a+(ab)=a
a(a+b)=a
(ab)+(ab')=a
(a+b)(a+b')=a
a+(a'b)=a+b
a(a'+b)a*b
Step by step Solution:
a) F(a,b) = a’b’ + ab + ab'
a(b+b')+a'b' Commutative Law
a+a'b Complement Law
F(a,b)=a+b' Absorption Law
b) F(r,s,t) = r’ + rt + rs’ + rs’t’
(r'+rs')+rt+rs't' Absorption Law
r'+s'+rt+rs't' Distributive Law
r'+s'+rt+s' Absorption Law
r'+s'+rt Absorption Law
F(r,s,t) = r'+s'+t Absorption Law
c) F(x,y) = (x + y)’(x’ + y’)’
(x'y')(x''y'') DeMorgan's Law
(x'y')xy Involution Law
x'(y'x)y Associative Law
x'(xy')y Commutative Law
(x'x)(y'y) Associative Law
(0)(0) Complement Law
F(x,y)=False
d) F(a,b,c) = b'+ bc + ab + a'bc'
b'+c+b(a+a'c') Absorption Law
b'+c+b(a+c') Absorption Law
b'+c+ba+bc' Distributive Law
(b'+ba)+(c+bc') Associative Law
b'+a+c+b Absorption Law
1+a+c Complement Law
F(a,b,c)=True
e) F(a,b,c,d) = ac + b'd + a'bc + b'cd'
ac+a'bc+b'd+b'cd' Commutative Law
c(a+a'b)+b'(d+cd') Associative and Distributive Law
c(a+b)+b'(d+c) Absorption Law
ac+bc+b'd+b'c Distributive Law
ac+(bc+b'c)+b'd Associative and Commutative Law
ac+c(b+b')+b'd Associative and Distributive Law
ac+c*1+b'd Complement Law
c(a+1)+b'd Distributive and Identity Law
F(a,b,c,d)=c+b'd
Answer:
Explanation:
a) De Morgan's law: i) a * b = '(a' + b)
ii) a + b = '('a + 'b)
b) Associativity: (r * s') + (s * t) + ( t' * r)
c) Commutativity: i) x + y = y + x
ii) x * y = y * x
d) Distributivity: a * ( b + c) = (a * b) + (a + c)
Write pseudocode that demonstrate passes an array of six integers (10, 5, 15, 20, 30, and 25) into three functions called multiple_of_ten(), half(), and sum_and_average(). The multiple_of_ten function should accept a copy of each value in the array and determine whether the value is a multiple of 10. The half function should accept the array and output the first three integers in the array. The sum_and_average function should accept the array and compute the sum and average of all of six integers.
Answer:
multiple_of_ten(x):
eval_x = []
for i in x:
if (i%10) == 0:
eval_x.append('it is multiple of 10')
else:
eval_x.append('it is not multiple of 10')
return eval_x
half(x):
half = len(x)//2
return x[:half]
sum_and_average(x):
sum = 0
for i in x:
sum = sum + i
avg = sum/len(x)
return sum,avg
Explanation:
Function multiple_of_ten():
In this function, first you create an empty array in which you will store your results (evaluation messages in this case). Then you evaluate every element of the array in a for loop, by using the modulo operation.
The Modulus is the remainder of the division of one number by another. % is called the modulo operation.
For instance, 10 divided by 5 equals 2 and it remains 0. Any multiple of 10 will get a 0 remainder.
Therefore, every time you apply the modulo operation to an element in the array, and get a zero, you get a message 'it is multiple of 10', and a message 'it is not multiple of 10' otherwise.
Yo store the message you obtain per each number into the empty array you created at the beginning and you return that array as output of the function.
Function half():
In this function, you calculate the length of the array and apply floor division. Floor division returns the quotient(answer or result of division) in which the digits after the decimal point are removed.
For instance, 6 is the length of the array. you divide 6 by 2 and floor division will give you 3 as a result. This floor division will help you when the length of your array is odd.
Finally you return the array from the beginning till the number in the position given by floor division (in our example, 3), as output of the function.
Function sum_and_average():
In this function, you create a variable that will store your sum result. you initialize this variable as 0. then you use a for loop to sum up every element of your array to the variable you created.
Once you sum up all the elements you use that result and divide it by the length of your array in order to calculate the average.
Finally you return both the sum and the average as outputs of the function.
An application specifies a requirement of 200 GB to host a database and other files. It also specifies that the storage environment should support 5,000 IOPS during its peak workloads. The disks available for configuration provide 66 GB of usable capacity, and the manufacturer specifies that they can support a maximum of 140 IOPS. The application is response time- sensitive, and disk utilization beyond 60 percent does not meet the response time requirements. Compute and explain the theoretical basis for the minimum number of disks that should be configured to meet the requirements of the application.
Answer:
60 minimum number of disks that should be configured to meet the requirements of the application.
Explanation:
Requirement of space for database = 200 GB
Usable Capacity for configuration = 66 GB
so the size requirement can be calculated as below :
Size requirement = 200/66 = 4 Disks
IOPS supported during peak processing cycle = 5000 IOPS
Max No. of IOPS supported = 140 IOPS
AS,The application is response time sensitive, and disk utilization beyond 60 percent does not meet the response time requirements, so,
IOPS requirement can be calculated as
IOPS requirement = 5000 IOPS/ (140x0.6 IOPS) = 60 disks
A cybercrime: Select one: a. Is the act of defaulting on a properly signed agreement entered into upon the internet. b. Can be committed if a computer is the object of a crime, the subject of a crime, or the instrument of a crime. c. Always requires intent to commit a bad act in order to be prosecuted. d. Is synonymous with cyber terrorism
The answer is B because cyber crime is when a computer is used to commit criminal activities.
Suppose that a company offers quantity discounts. If up to 1,000 units are purchased, the unit price is $1010; if more than 1,000 and up to 5,000 units are purchased, the unit price is $9.509.50; and if more than 5,000 units are purchased, the unit price is $5.505.50. Develop an Excel template using the VLOOKUP function to find the unit price associated with any order quantity and compute the total cost of the order.
Answer:
Ans. Ready to download, please see the file attached to this document
Explanation:
Note. Consider changing the cell in yellow, does not make sense, it could be 10100 instead of 1010
Hi, to design this sheet, I also used the and(...) function of MS excel, in which you declate that in order to select a certain answer, 2 or more conditions must be true, in our case, if a purchase is up to 1000, the price would be $1010 (consider changing this value, maybe to 10100), if the purchase is more than 1000 and less than 5000, the price is $9,509.50, and if is more than 5000 units, the price would be $5,5005.50.
Please check the formula for further clarifications.
Best of luck.
Final answer:
To calculate unit prices and total cost in Excel with VLOOKUP for quantity discounts, create a lookup table with quantity thresholds and prices, then use the VLOOKUP formula to find the unit price for any order quantity, and multiply this price by the order quantity to find the total cost.
Explanation:
To develop an Excel template that calculates the unit price using quantity discounts with the VLOOKUP function, you'll first need to set up a table with the quantity thresholds and the corresponding unit prices. This table will act as a lookup table for the VLOOKUP function. You will then create a formula that takes an order quantity as input and returns the appropriate unit price based on the quantity thresholds specified.
Here’s an example of how you might structure your table (note that the actual table should be placed in the Excel sheet):
0 units to 1,000 units - $10.10 per unit1,001 units to 5,000 units - $9.50 per unitMore than 5,000 units - $5.50 per unitTo use the VLOOKUP function, you’ll enter a formula like the following in the cell where you want to display the unit price:
=VLOOKUP(order_quantity, lookup_table, 2, TRUE)After finding the unit price, you can compute the total cost of the order by multiplying the quantity by the unit price derived from the VLOOKUP result:
=order_quantity * unit_priceWrite a C++ program that allows the user to enter double values. Display one of two messages: "The first number you entered is larger", "The second number you entered is larger". Save file as LargerorNot.cpp
Answer:
Following are the program in c++
#include <iostream> // header file
using namespace std; // namespace
int main() // main function
{
double a,b; // variable declaration
cout<<"Enter the first number and second number : \n";
cin>>a>>b; // input the number
if(a>b) // check first number greater than second number
{
cout<<"The first number you entered is larger";
}
else
{
cout<<"The second number you entered is larger";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter the first number and second number :
45.5
687.8
The second number you entered is larger
Explanation:
In this program we have declared two variable i.e a and b of double type. After that check the condition if(a>b) if this condition is true then display the message "The first number you entered is larger " otherwise display the message "The second number you entered is larger".
How long is a subnet mask? (Please select one of the four options)
24 bits
32 bytes
32 bits
16 bits
Answer: 32 bits
Explanation:
The subnet mask basically contain 32 bits number which performed various function in terms of mask in the IP address. There are mainly two types IP address that are:
Host portNetwork portThe 32 bit is the mask that is used for the host networking address in the single IP address. If the string represent 1, it means that the subnet mask is the part of the network.
When would one use an executive summary?
Answer:
Every time you present your results to a person in a managerial position or who does not have expertise in the technical details and processes you followed to get your results
Explanation:
When it comes to software projects documentation, you generally have to build a report that will be read by different people. These people come from different backgrounds and know the project to a different extent. For this reason, the project should contain sections that facilitate the understanding of the reader.
In general, the first section of a project report is an executive summary. The executive summary is a concise description of the project, starting from the problem context and description, including the results, conclusions, and recommendations.
It should be no more that one page long and it should be written in a general language so whoever reads it understands what is your project about.
Assume you are given a variable x below:
int x = 10;
Create a pointer and save the memory address the variable x to the pointer:
Answer:
4.) You are given a class below, create a accessor and mutator function for field age.
class Student
{
public:
string name;
private:
int age;
}
Answer:
int x=10;
int *p=&x;
4)
class Student
{
public:
string name;
private:
int age;
public:
int accessor() //accessor
{
return age;
}
void mutator(int value) //mutator function.
{
age=value;
return;
}
}
Explanation:
The above written statement creates a pointer of name p.Then the address of variable x is stored in the pointer p and it is done by using the & referencing operator.By doing this the address of the variable x is stored in pointer p.
In the next question two public functions are created with the names accessor and mutator respectively.Accessor function are used to access private values in the class and the Mutators are used to set the prviate values.That is what the accessor and mutator function is doing in the class.
Since intergers can only be positive numbers, it is always best to declare all numbers as floating point numbers.
True or False.
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Integers can be both negative number and positive numbers.There is no need to declare negative integers as floating point numbers since they can accept negative numbers.The minimum possible value of int is INT_MIN and this value is negative.
So hence we can say that the answer to this question is false.
What's the difference between a Boolean function and a Boolean expression?
Explanation:
A boolean function is a function in any programming language whose return type is boolean means a function that returns true or false.For ex:-
bool func(int a,int b)
{
if(a>b)
return true;
else
return false;
}
An expression is a combination of one or more variables,constants,operators,function and which is computed and produces a value in case of boolean expression the value that is calculated is either true or false.
for ex:- bool result= a>b && a>c;
.Draw the following sine wave in the time domain, showing amplitude and phase:
s(t) = 3sin (2π2t + π)
Answer with Explanation:
Part 1)
The given sine wave is as
[tex]y=3sin(2\pi t+\pi)[/tex]
The graphical representation of the wave is shown in the attached figure:
Part 2)
For a general wave equation [tex]y(t)=Asin(\omega t+\phi )[/tex]
'A' is defined as amplitude of the wave
[tex](\omega t+\phi )[/tex] is defined as phase of the wave
Upon comparing with the given wave function we observe
1) Amplitude of the given wave is 3
2) Phase of the given wave [tex](2\pi t+\phi )[/tex]
-What is the purpose of a Business Intelligence system?
Answer: Business intelligence(BI) system is the tool that is used in the business field through companies and organization. The main cause of using BI system because it acts as the collection of the methods and technologies that help in the changing the raw and rough data to useful information which improves the functioning of the organization.
It provides better functioning by identification of the appropriate data,managing the information and making it efficient in a manner to make it presentable. These features make the organization to easily access the data and improves operations.
Suppose Dave drops a watermelon off a high bridge and lets it fall until it hits the water. If we neglect air resistance, then the distance d in meters fallen by the watermelon after t seconds is d = 0.5 * g * t 2 , where the acceleration of gravity g = 9.8 meters/second2 . Write a program that asks the user to input the number of seconds that the watermelon falls and the height h of the bridge above the water. The program should then calculate the distance fallen for each second from t = 0 until the value of t input by the user. If the total distance fallen is greater than the height of the bridge, then the program should tell the user that the distance fallen is not valid.
Final answer:
To calculate the distance fallen by the watermelon, use the formula d = 0.5 * g * t^2. Ask the user for the number of seconds the watermelon falls and the height of the bridge. Use a loop to calculate the distance fallen for each second and check if the total distance is valid.
Explanation:
To calculate the distance fallen by the watermelon, we can use the formula d = 0.5 * g * t^2, where g is the acceleration due to gravity and t is the time in seconds. The user will be asked to input the number of seconds that the watermelon falls and the height h of the bridge above the water. We can then use a loop to calculate the distance fallen for each second from t = 0 until the value of t input by the user. If the total distance fallen is greater than the height of the bridge, the program should display a message indicating that the distance fallen is not valid. Here is an example code in Python:
import mathWhat frequency band or bands do 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, and 802.11ac use?
Answer:
802.11g: [tex]2.4Ghz[/tex]
802.11a: [tex]5Ghz[/tex]
802.11n: [tex]2.4Ghz[/tex] and [tex]5Ghz[/tex]
802.11ac: [tex]5Ghz[/tex]
Explanation:
802 is a Wi-Fi standard established by the IEEE in which, according to the corresponding standard, a data transmission rate is related.
About some of those standars:
802.11a: works with connections up to 54Mbps, operates in the 5GHz band,
802.11b: Works with connections up to 11mbps, operates in the 2.4GHz band,
802.11g: works with connections up to 54mbps, operates in the 2.4GHz band,
802.11n: Works with connections up to 600mbps, operates in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz band,
802.11ac: works with connections up to 1300Mbps, operates in the 5GHz band,
Minimizing ____ is key to maintaining a competitive edge: it leaves competitors insufficient time to introduce their own products first. ISs can contribute significantly to this effort.
lead time
market time
production time
tracking time
Answer: Lead time
Explanation:
Minimizing the lead time is one of the key to maintain the competitive edge. Lead time is basically defined as the time period between production of the product to the product are get manufactured in the market. It is also known as time to market.
it basically gives competitive edge when the lead time is reduced over the other products with the high lead time.
The main advantage of the lead time is to make reduce the lead time so that the organization can provide the fastest and reliable delivery of products and services.
. What is tokenizing?
Answer:
The term tokenizing is the process of splitting the data or some text into the minimal useful or meaningful units.
The tokenzing break the sequence of the string into various keywords, words and meaningful phrases. This process of breaking different elements is also known as token.
Token is the individual sentence and word in the tokenizing process and some of the characters are marked as discarded in this process such as punctuation.
Why are random-access files preferable to sequential-access files in performance- oriented situations?
Answer: Random-access files are those file types which have the capability of being accessed anytime directly without the requirement of any other support or file.The reading and writing of data can be done from anywhere and any point of time.
Sequential-access files are those files which can be accessed only in sequential manner for the writing and reading purpose.The sequence followed is from beginning to end of file.
Performance-oriented situation requires those files in working that can perform with the superior ability to carry out the job and can be assessed easily as per demand.Thus, these features are performed by random access file as compared with sequential-access files.So, random -access files are more preferred .
An object contains data and the instructions that manipulate the data (Points : 2) True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
An object is used as a central concept in OOP. It contains data (state it represents) and behaviors (the message) that has a meaning in your software application. Most programmers like using object-oriented programming languages because of these objects it carries. These objects make it easier to build solutions with complete functionalities effectively. It represents the properties which are the data state and a method which is what it can do. A customer’s object data or property, for instance, is every key detail of the customer while the method is what this object can do with the data.
What is Kerberos?
a.A three-headed dog from the Egyptian mythology
b.A trusted third-party authentication protocol
c.A security model
d.A remote authentication dial in user server
Answer:
b.A trusted third-party authentication protocol .
Explanation:
Kerberos is an authentication service protocol between the trusted hosts present on an untrusted network for example internet. Kerberos is built in all of the major OS's(Operating Systems) such as Microsoft windows ,Apple OS X,Linux .
Microsoft windows 2000 incorporated Kerberos protocol the default authentication method.
A systems flowchart:
Select one:
a. must always contain on-page connectors.
b. includes physical as well as electronic flows.
c. requires more than one entity.
d. must always have a data store if there are paper documents involved.
e. must be balanced.
Answer: (D) Must always have a data store if there are paper documents involved.
Explanation:
A system flowchart is basically responsible for displaying the data in the system and also control the flow of data. The system flowchart are basically use various graphic symbol for representing the systematic manner for processing the output.
It basically contain data store in the system if there is data documents present in the system so that it make easy to store the data in the system.
There are basically four symbols that is use to represent in the program flowchart is that are: Firstly start, processing, decision making and then end.
2.4: Star Pattern Write a program that displays the following pattern: * *** ***** ******* ***** *** * Output. Seven lines of output as follows: The first consists of 3 spaces followed by a star. The second line consists of 2 spaces followed by a 3 stars. The third consists of one space followed by 5 stars, and the fourth consists just of 7 stars. The fifth line is identical to third, th sixth to the second and the seventh to the first. CLASS NAMES. Your program class should be called StarPattern
Answer:
// here is code in java.
public class NAMES
{
// main method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n=4;
// print the upper half
for(int a=1;a<=n;a++)
{
for(int b=1;b<=n-a;b++)
{
// print the spaces
System.out.print(" ");
}
// print the * of upper half
for(int x=1;x<=a*2-1;x++)
{
// print the *
System.out.print("*");
}
// print newline
System.out.println();
}
// print the lower half
for(int y=n-1;y>0;y--)
{
for(int z=1;z<=n-y;z++)
{
// print the spaces
System.out.print(" ");
}
for(int m=1;m<=y*2-1;m++)
{
// print the *
System.out.print("*");
}
// print newline
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Explanation:
Declare a variable "n" and initialize it with 4. First print the spaces (" ") of the upper half with the help of nested for loop.Then print the "*" of the upper half with for loop. Similarly print the lower half in revers order. This will print the required shape.
Output:
*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
. Consider the problem of finding the largest element in a list of n elements. What will be the basic operation of an algorithm to solve this problem?
assignment
addition
looping
comparesn
Answer:
Comparison.
Explanation:
When we have to find a largest in a list of n elements.First we have to iterate over the list so we can access all the elements of the list in one go.Then to find the largest element in the list we have to initialize a variable outside the loop with the minimum value possible and in the loop compare each element with this value,if the element is greater than the variable assign the element to the variable.Then the loop will find the largest element and it will be the variable.
Write a C program that displays your name and address (or if you value your privacy, a frictionless name and address)
Answer:
Following are the program in c language
#include <stdio.h> // header file
int main() // main method
{
char name[90]="mantasa"; // storing name
char add[90]="120 lal bangla mumbai"; // storing address
printf("\n Name:%s\nAddress:%s",name,add); // print name and address
return 0;
}
Output:
Name:mantasa
Address:120 lal bangla mumba
Explanation:
In this program we are declaring the two array of char type which will store the name and address . after that we display name and address.
The exception classes are in packages in the ________.
a.)Compiler b.)JVM c.)Java API d.)Ex class
Answer: Compiler
Explanation:
The exception classes are basically occur during the compilation of the program in the system. The exception is the event which disrupt the flow of the instruction.
It basically provide a way to transfer the control in the one part of the program to another program. The exception class is also known as run-time exception that basically indicate the condition in the class application.
All the other options are not in the form of packages in the exception class. Therefore, compiler is the correct option.
Write a CPP Program to read an integer number. Use a pointer to display this numbe
Answer:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n,*p;
cin>>n;//taking input.
*p=n;//passing the address of n to pointer.
cout<<*p<<endl;//printing the number using the dereferncing operator.
return 0;
}
Explanation:
The above written program in in C++.This program takes input of the integer n and stores the address of the integer in the pointer p. For printing the value of the to which the pointer is pointing we need to used the dereferencing operator * .
The if statement regards an expression with the value 0 as __________.
Answer:
The answer to this question is "false".
Explanation:
In this question, the answer is wrong because in computer science. Except for the binary language, It didn't understand any language. In computer 1 stands for true value and 0 stands for false value. In If-else statement if block executes true value is that is 1. and else block execute false value that is 0. In this question, if the value is 1 then the answer is true. But the answer to this question is false.
The more critical a component or service, the higher the level of availability required. True False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Yes, the given statement true that the if the component and any type of the services are critical then, there is higher level of the availability require. The critical component and services basically require more steps of implementation and also people so that they can verify each step of component and services that are implemented.
The high availability is basically the ability of the component system that are operated continuously to get the desired product availability. It also increase the efficiency of the desired component and services.
Final answer:
True, critically important services require a higher level of availability. Industries with higher stakes like airlines and healthcare invest more in reliability and security to avoid significant disruptions and maintain operations, reflecting the balance between higher costs and the need for constant system availability.
Explanation:
The statement 'The more critical a component or service, the higher the level of availability required' is indeed true. In the context of business and Information Technology (IT), critical functions demand higher availability because any downtime can result in significant disruptions, financial loss, and damage to reputation.
For instance, industries like airlines and healthcare require a near-constant uptime due to the high stakes involved in their operations. An IT breakdown in these fields could have dire consequences, not just in terms of revenue but also in terms of human safety. Therefore, these sectors invest heavily to ensure reliability and security of their services. Conversely, in organizations where IT is less critical, there may be less willingness to invest in such high levels of preparedness. This trade-off is sometimes referred to as the balance between reliability and cost. The cost of achieving high availability is justified in critical systems, while for less critical systems, a lower level of redundancy and availability may be deemed acceptable due to the lower associated risks and costs.
Define an array of the length 6 with the elements of WORD type. Initialize the first and the last of them with the same value of your choice; leave the remaining four uninitialized.
Answer:
string words[6];
words[0]="humming";
words[1]=words[0];
Explanation:
The above statement declares an array of size 6 which can store elements of type string or word. Then I have initialized the first and second elements with the word humming and the rest of the places in the arrays are uninitialized.
You have to include the header file string so that this array could work otherwise it will not.
Name three recent advances that are influencing OS design.
Answer:
The three recent advances are:
1. Cloud Technology
2. Asynchronous Transfer Mode
3. GUI technology
Explanation:
1. Cloud Technology:
Withe the advent of this technology it has become more convenient to store and access the programs and data over the internet.
The increase in the use of this technology has influenced the Operating system to be designed in a more distributed manner.
2. Asynchronous Transfer Mode:
This mode allows the data transfer by using the methodology of flow control for the transfer of start and stop data bits.
The increased use of ATM for the transfer of data bit stream between components to obtain greater through put has also influenced the design of the Operating System.
3. Graphic User Interface (GUI technology):
With the help of indicators (visual) and graphical icons, this technology allows the interaction with electronic devices.
The progress in this technology and the interfaces it provided the users with has been through many changes thus influencing the operating system
to improvise their design thus enabling the smooth User Interface experience.