Explain the significance of the following words: a. ordinance b. depreciate

The Industrial Revolution sparked technological advances that changed where and how people lived and worked, emphasizing the role of the steam engine, urbanization, and innovations in transportation. The middle class, able to travel for leisure due to railways, witnessed a shift from rural to urban living with significant social and cultural impacts.

During the Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology drastically altered where and how people lived and worked. The steam engine, invented by James Watt and Matthew Boulton, replaced much of the manual labor previously done by humans and animals, revolutionizing industries such as textiles and leading to the rise of factories. This drove people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment, spurring significant urbanization.

Furthermore, transportation technologies, most notably the railway, contracted physical distances, enabling people to travel quickly over long distances, fostering interconnected regions. This facilitated the development of national markets and helped to end localism. The middle class began to travel for leisure, taking vacations made possible by accessible train travel.

Advances in communication, such as the telegraph and radio, and transportation, such as railroads and automobiles, created a global impact. This led to profound changes in societal structures and cultural norms, as traditional small-scale businesses gave way to the formation of large corporations. The demand for raw materials to feed these new machines and industries also had consequences, contributing to the drive for Imperialism.

The transformation from agrarian to industrial society meant that smaller family sizes became more common, and women increasingly entered the workforce. Urban areas, despite being centers of opportunity, often had poor living conditions, leading to health issues and social unrest among the working poor. Despite these challenges, there was a clear understanding that the world was undergoing a fundamental change that would shape modern society.

Answer: D religious freedom

Explanation:

Cuba was never divided into separate democratic country and communist country.

Out of all the given options, Cuba is the only country that was never divided into two different countries having a communist regime in one and a democracy in the other.

Cuba was once under the influence of the USSR and it then served as a communist regime.

The Cuban government trained a group of people and send them to fight for the wars supported by Soviet in Africa. Later, there were severe economic damage which lead to shortage of food and fuel and the Cuban government didn’t accept the help from American government until 1995.

But its people believed in its leadership and never demanded the country to be split into two parts.

The question is about understanding the location and simplification of a fraction in mathematical terms. Fractions represent part of a whole and simplifying them involves dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor. Understanding fractions includes knowing when their value is 1 through the concept of dimensional analysis.

The student's question seems to pertain to the location of a fraction when given a specific example. A fraction is a number which represents a part of a whole and is written as ¢/a, where ¢ is the numerator and £ is the denominator. When we multiply or divide both the numerator and the denominator by the same number, we are simplifying the fraction. For example, if the fraction ©£10 is simplified by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 30, the simplified fraction is 1/4.

It's also important to note that when converting ratios to fractions or simplifying fractions, we must find the common factors and reduce the fraction to its simplest form. Additionally, in scientific and mathematical calculations, when a fraction or ratio has the same quantity in the numerator and denominator, its value is 1, which is an important concept known as dimensional analysis in Physics and Chemistry. This can also be applied to units of measurement, where the same units on the top and bottom cancel out, leaving the desired units uncancelled.

As long as the same operations are performed on both sides of the equal sign, the expression remains an equality. A correct understanding of fractions, simplifications, and ratios is essential in performing such operations accurately.

Final answer:

Maryland was the most important border state during the Civil War due to its strategic location and valuable resources. Both the Union and the Confederacy sought to secure its loyalty.

Explanation:

The most important border state during the Civil War was Maryland. Maryland, along with Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware, chose not to secede from the Union and remained in an uncertain position. These border states were strategically important due to their natural and industrial resources, which could have greatly benefited either the Union or the Confederacy. According to James McPherson, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri would have significantly increased the Confederacy's military manpower, manufacturing capacity, and supply of horses and mules if they had seceded. Therefore, both the Lincoln and Davis administrations sought to attract the loyalty of these border states.

Final answer:

Karl Marx and Charles Darwin had revolutionary ideas about competition. Darwin's theory of natural selection challenged fixed species and a young Earth, while Marx's ideas challenged the capitalist system and introduced the concept of class struggle.

Explanation:

Marx and Darwin:

Karl Marx and Charles Darwin had different areas of focus, but both had revolutionary ideas about competition. Darwin's theory of natural selection and evolution challenged the prevailing belief in fixed species and a young Earth, revolutionizing biology. Marx's ideas about class struggle and the inevitable overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat revolutionized social and political thought.

Darwin's ideas about competition were revolutionary because they challenged the traditional belief in the fixed nature of species and the idea that all organisms were specially created. Darwin argued that competition between individuals for limited resources, along with natural selection, led to the adaptation and evolution of species over time.

Marx's ideas about competition were revolutionary because he introduced the concept of class struggle and the role it played in historical change. Marx believed that capitalism created an inherent conflict between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, the working class. He argued that this conflict would eventually lead to a proletarian revolution and the establishment of a classless society.

The Gold Rush had a tremendous impact on the population and culture of California. Before the Gold Rush, the population consisted mainly of Native Californians and Californios (settlers and landowners of mixed Spanish, Native Californian, and African descent). But gold fever brought people to California from all over the country and world. The Anglo Americans (of English, Irish, or Scots descent), other Europeans (including Italians, Russians, and others), Chinese, Asians, African Americans, and many more who came and stayed changed the ethnic makeup of the state's population.

Some images show different ethnic groups working and living side by side: in a saloon, a horse market, and along a riverbank mining for gold. The drawing entitled "A Road Scene in California" depicts social changes — European American miners drive a wagon, and a group of Native Americans leaves the mining area as Chinese miners enter it. Daguerreotypes show a group of Chinese and European American pioneers panning for gold; and African Americans working alongside European American pioneers at the mines.

The challenges have East African nations encountered since gaining independence is

The slow economic growth is caused by a shortage of resources in the country due to which manufacturing sectors slow down affecting the consumption and production of goods and services in the country.

When a specific set of obligations are completed, a famine is proclaimed. Famine causes severe malnutrition in a significant section of a region's or nation's population.

Independence comes from various sacrifices, in order to seek freedom there is a long journey in which the wealth of the nation gets exploited and they have to start from the initial point which is alos faced by  East African nations.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. This move changed the balance of power in the Balkans and contributed to the outbreak of World War I.

In 1908, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, also simply known as Austria-Hungary, annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. This political move sparked outrage among other nations, notably Serbia and Russia, and was one of the contributing factors that eventually led to World War I. Bosnia and Herzegovina, having been under the de facto control of Austria-Hungary since the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, were officially integrated into the empire in 1908, altering the balance of power in the Balkans region.

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Answer:

b. there was a power struggle after kubai khans death.

Explanation:

The Yuan Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Mongol invaders.

The last years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, hunger and discontent among the population. Over time, the successors of Kublai Khan lost all influence in the other Mongolian lands in Asia, since the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they also lost influence in China. The reigns of the last Yuan emperors were short and were marked by intrigues and rivalries. Without interest in the administration, they were separated from both the army and the population, and China was torn apart by dissension and disquiet. The outlaws devastated the country without the interference of the Yuan armies.

From the end of the 1340s onwards, the inhabitants of the countryside suffered frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and resulting famines, the lack of effective government policies led to the loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turbans Revolt began and became a national uprising. In 1354, when Toghtogha led a large army to crush the rebels, Toghun Temür fired him suddenly for fear of treason. This resulted in the restoration of Toghun Temür's power on the one hand and the rapid weakening of the central government on the other. Having no choice but to rely on the military power of the local warlords, he gradually lost interest in politics and ceased to intervene in political struggles. He fled north to Shangdu (present-day Beijing) in 1368 after the approach of the forces of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in the south. He tried to recover Khanbaliq, but ultimately he failed; died in Yingchang (located in present-day Inner Mongolia) two years later (1370). Yingchang was captured by the Ming shortly after his death. Some descendants of the royal family still live in Henan today.

The Prince of Liang, Basalawarmi, established a separate pocket of resistance to the Ming in Yunnan and Guizhou, but his forces were decisively defeated by the Ming in 1381. By 1387, the remaining Yuan forces in Manchuria under Naghachu had also surrendered to the Ming dynasty. The remains of the Yuan were withdrawn to Mongolia after the fall of Yingchang in 1370, where the name of Great Yuan continued to be used formally, and is known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

The correct answer is C) Captain Nemo’s submarine sinks as the three men escape.

The resolution of the story is Captain Nemo’s submarine sinks as the three man escape.

The resolution of a story is the way it is ended or how it finishes. In this case, the excerpt clearly says that “the three men escape as the watch Captain Nemo’s submarine sink in a whirlpool. French writer Jules Verne wrote “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: A Tour of the Underwater World” in 1870. This fictional novel is considered one of the most relevant books about adventures.

Answer:Captain Nemo's submarine sinks as the three men escape.

Explanation:

President Andrew Johnson ordered that the lands be returned to their original owners (the plantation owners).

Johnson's approach was a major disappointment to those who had hoped for land distribution to former slaves to help the newly freed black community establish itself economically.  Johnson was taking a soft or moderate approach to Reconstruction, which granted pardons to most white Southerners and allowed them to reestablish their own governments, without any role in that process for the newly freed slaves.  There were others who had wanted a more aggressive approach to Reconstruction that would have punished Southern slave owners more, and would have made arrangements for freed slaves to become property owners.

President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation, issued May 29, 1865, authorized "restoration of all rights of property" to Southern rebels (except the former 'property' of slaves themselves), as long as those Southerners pledged an oath of their allegiance to the United States government .

Answer:

The correct answers are A: It brings people of different ethnic backgrounds together under a common faith.

B: It demonstrates sacrifice and dedication to one’s faith.

C: It brings people of diverse economic backgrounds together under a common faith.

Congress passing a bill to place a tariff on imports is a form of economic regulation aimed at protecting domestic industries by making foreign goods more expensive through taxes, also known as anti-dumping laws.

These tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods and services, with the intent to make these imports more expensive for consumers, thereby discouraging imports. This protectionist tool is used by governments to help raise revenue and 'protect' domestic industries by increasing the cost of foreign goods, making the domestic alternatives relatively cheaper and more attractive.

Specifically, the type of law exemplified in your question is closely related to anti-dumping laws. Anti-dumping laws are those that block imports sold below the cost of production and impose tariffs to increase the price of these imports to reflect their cost of production. This prevents foreign companies from 'dumping' their products into a national market at unjustifiably low prices, which could harm domestic industries.

It is also important to recall from International Trade principles, that such measures have real-world applications. For example, tariffs imposed on large, flat-screen televisions imported from China to the U.S. were designed to make these goods more expensive, thus protecting U.S. television manufacturers from aggressive pricing practices by foreign firms.

A bill passed by Congress placing a tariff on all imports is an example of a trade law, specifically falling under anti-dumping laws designed to prevent unfair foreign competition and protect domestic industries.

When Congress passes a bill to place a tariff on all imports coming into the country, it is exercising its power to implement trade laws. Specifically, this is an example of a trade law that falls under anti-dumping laws. Anti-dumping laws are designed to block imports sold below the cost of production and to impose tariffs that would increase the price of these imports to reflect their actual cost of production, thus protecting domestic industries from unfair foreign competition. Recall from International Trade that tariffs are taxes that governments impose on imported goods and services, which serve both to raise revenue for the government and to discourage imports by making them more expensive for consumers.

Final answer:

The Renaissance began in Italy due to its wealth accumulated from trade, the influence of ancient Greek and Roman culture, and the support of powerful families like the Medici. The sociopolitical shift to city-states and the humanistic philosophy also propelled this cultural rebirth, with its innovations spreading throughout Europe.

Explanation:

The beginning of the Renaissance can largely be attributed to the favorable conditions present in Italy during the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Firstly, the location of Italy as a central hub of Mediterranean trade led to the accumulation of wealth in its city-states such as Florence, Milan, Venice, and the Papal States. This wealth facilitated the patronage of arts and scholarship. The city of Florence, in particular, became a focal point for this new cultural movement due to the political and social structure that allowed for a flourishing middle class of merchants and bankers.

Moreover, Italy had strong ties to the heritage of ancient Greece and Rome, leading to a revival of classical antiquity's artistic and philosophical achievements. This was further sparked by an influx of Greek scholars who migrated to Italy after the Fall of Constantinople. The powerful Medici family in Florence and their extensive patronage played a pivotal role in cultivating and sustaining the cultural rebirth that the Renaissance represented.

Another contributing factor was the shift from medieval feudalism to city-state governments, along with the desire among the newly powerful and wealthy to celebrate life and human potential, a cornerstone of the humanistic philosophy that emerged during the Renaissance.The influence of the Italian Renaissance was profound and lasting, shaping European art and cultural norms for centuries. Innovations in painting, sculpture, and architecture spread from Italy to other parts of Europe, exemplified by the rise of the Fontainebleau School in France and the broad adoption of Italian techniques and motifs.

Answer:

The Roman Empire was the period that came after the Roman Republic. It had a government held by emperors with territorial holdings in Europe, Africa and Asia. The empire lasted approximately 1,500 years, with the two first centuries being particularly estable and peaceful (known as the "Pax Romana"). The Western part of the empire eventually collapsed in 480 AD and the Eastern part in 1453 with the fall of Contantinople to the Ottoman Turks.

With the raise to power of the young leader  Mikhail Gorbachev, the already in decline Soviet Union (SU) saw his first attempt to leave its totalitarian approach. It came with the announcement of the Soviet economic reform Perestroika. But after the end of the SU Boris Yeltsin raise to power and implemented his economic plan known as "shock therapy" an abrupt shift to free-market societies.

discontinued free university tuition - True - As a result of the democratization and decentralization of the education, new schools, new ways of thinking were in taking in place and the free university tuition was abolished.

banned independent labor unions - False - With the openness of the economy, it became extinct the ban of independent labor unions.  

ended fixed low prices for basic goods and services - True - One of the most inefficient aspects of the centralized government had to be abandoned to relief the economy.

raised tariffs to protect manufacturers - False - They had to reduce tariffs and control over the Russian and former SU republics in order to make them be profitable and independent.

Instituted guaranteed employment - False - The main goal was to reduce the power of the state and they would only achieve this by not guaranteeing employment.

privatized industries - True - They thought liberalization and privatization would create the economic reform they were looking for, opening the economy and driving capital to the country.

So, all correct are: discontinued free university tuition ; ended fixed low prices for basic goods and services; privatized industries