Georgie believes that a special juice will increase the productivity of his workers. He creates two groups, two workers per group. Both groups are assigned the same task, stapling a set of papers. Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Georgie counts how many stacks of papers each group has stapled. Group A stapled 1,320 stacks while Group B stapled 2,200 stacks. Georgie concluded that the juice was not effective in improving productivity.

Answer:

The psychosocial approach primarily focuses on the emergence of identity over the life course

Explanation:

The psychosocial approach contemplates, articulations between what is in the order of the society and that which is part of the psychic, conceiving the subject in its multiple dimensions. Thus, it considers the multidimensionality in which aspects of interaction between the physical, the psychological, the natural and the social environment are involved, seeking the recognition of an identity.

In other words, this approach understands that our life history is marked by networked relationships, whose social and family structures, as well as cultural experiences, manifest themselves in everyday life; conceives, therefore, the identity of the individual as a whole that affects and is affected in the world, emphasizing the interaction and interdependence of biopsychosocial phenomena and seeking to investigate the nature of the underlying dynamic processes that compose the man in his experience.

The correct answer is: Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

The main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality is that human behavior is shaped by diverse consequences or reinforcements, which may be administered by someone else like parents, friends, teachers, etc. or just naturally happen in the environment; in both cases they will affect the individual's behavior; therefore, since each person has its own history of contingencies, each person will develope a unique range of behaviors as well.

The behavioral perspective on personality suggests that personality is shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences rather than by inborn traits or solely by early childhood experiences. It emphasizes the role of learned behaviors in developing personality patterns, with figures like B.F. Skinner advocates this view. Cognitive processes and reciprocal determinism are also noted as factors by theorists like Albert Bandura.

The behavioral perspective on personality posits that personality is largely shaped by the reinforcements and consequences from the environment, rather than being predominantly determined by inborn traits or early childhood experiences. Behaviorists like B. F. Skinner argue that consistent behavior patterns are the result of prior learning and conditioning through environmental interactions. Skinner also emphasized that personality development does not cease in childhood but is a continuous process that can change with new experiences.

According to the behavioral perspective, individuals increase behaviors that lead to positive outcomes and decrease those that result in negative consequences. Albert Bandura, within the social-cognitive theory, recognizes the role of learning but also includes cognitive processes such as thinking and reasoning in personality development, introducing the concept of reciprocal determinism. This concept suggests that behavior, cognitive processes, and the environment all mutually influence each other.

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Final answer:

An emissions tax is a governmental policy tool used to reduce pollution by taxing each unit of emissions, aligning private costs with social costs and incentivizing firms to reduce pollution. If after the tax is applied, the marginal social cost exceeds the marginal social benefit, it suggests the tax rate may be too low to achieve the socially optimal level of emissions where both costs are equal. The tax must be carefully calibrated to avoid undue economic burden while mitigating environmental damage.

Explanation:

When the government imposes an emissions tax, it sets a price per unit on pollution, incentivizing firms to reduce their emissions to the point where the marginal benefit of reducing pollution equals the tax. The purpose of an emissions tax is to align the private cost of pollution, which polluters bear, with the marginal social cost (MSC), which society bears. If after imposing a tax, the MSC still exceeds the marginal social benefit (MSB), the tax may be too low to reach the socially optimal level of pollution, where MSC equals MSB. In a perfectly set tax scenario, the marginal abatement cost curve would intersect with the marginal damage curve at a point where the marginal costs of pollution equal the marginal benefits, leading to the socially optimal level of emissions.

However, determining the correct level of tax can be challenging, as it requires accurate assessment of social costs and benefits. Moreover, while the tax raises the private cost for the polluter, encouraging the firm to reduce pollution levels or innovate cleaner production methods, it must be balanced carefully to prevent excessive economic hardship on businesses. The revenue generated from an emissions tax can be used to mitigate environmental damage or fund cleaner technology research.

Children placed in nonacademic tracks are often from low-income and minority backgrounds, reinforcing educational inequalities. The tracking system can stigmatize these students, impacting academic performance and future opportunities while favoring students from higher socioeconomic standings.

Studies of tracking show that children placed in nonacademic tracks tend to come from low-income and minority backgrounds. Tracking, which divides students into different educational paths such as academic, vocational, and general, often mirrors societal class divisions. Many times, this system places students into tracks without their input or knowledge, potentially limiting their educational and career opportunities. Educational inequalities are thus reinforced by the allocation of poor and minority students to lower-level, less challenging tracks.

Critics argue that tracking can stigmatize students, leading to lower levels of confidence and reinforcing negative perceptions through teachers' low expectations and peer stigmatization. Low-income and minority students, who are disproportionately placed in lower tracks, may face stigmatization that impedes their academic performance, potentially leading to higher dropout rates and criminal activity. On the other hand, students in upper-level tracks, often from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, gain access to quality resources and education that can widen the gap in academic achievement.

Answer:

Explore

Explanation:

The arousal theory of motivation states that people perform certain actions because they want to obtain a certain level of physiological arousal. However, this required level might vary greatly from one person to another. People who want to obtain this arousal will seek out activities that are stimulating or exciting. This could be one of the reasons why a baby would want to explore his or her surroundings.

Community policing philosophies view citizens as partners, emphasizing cooperation, respect, and active civic engagement for safer communities. These philosophies encourage partnership between law enforcement and citizens, with a focus on shared responsibilities and intercultural competence.

Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as partners in the efforts to create a safe and secure community. These philosophies focus on the collaboration between law enforcement and community members, emphasizing the importance of cooperation, respect, and participation in community affairs. The idea is that by cultivating a sense of shared responsibility and civic engagement, communities can become safer and more harmonious. Community responsibilities go beyond individual interests and encompass a broader social responsibility, encouraging active participation in public issues and respectful understanding of diverse perspectives within the society.

This approach acknowledges the role of citizens as digital citizens and global citizens, socially conscious and empowered to influence change both locally and globally. By fostering intercultural competence, community policing seeks to strengthen the relationship between law enforcement and the community, recognizing that citizens have a pivotal role in shaping their community's safety and wellbeing.

Final answer:

Renee's father is likely exhibiting distal parenting by choosing to distract Renee with a toy rather than offer direct comfort when she is hurt.

Explanation:

When Renee falls and hurts herself and her father offers her a toy to distract her rather than comforting her, he is probably demonstrating characteristics of a distal parent. Distal parenting refers to a style where physical and emotional distance is maintained between the parent and child; the father's choice to distract rather than comfort Renee directly with emotional support suggests this type of approach. This is in contrast to proximal parenting, which would involve close physical and emotional interaction, such as comforting the child through physical touch and reassurance.

The reason for it is because the infantile amnesia considers to be unlikely that they are memories that are true in terms of the age of six months. It is because a person at that age is likely to be unable to retrieve episodic memories as this occurs often before the age of 2-4.

Final answer:

The sensorimotor stage is the stage of Piaget's cognitive development characteristic of infants, encompassing the period from birth to about 2 years of age when infants explore the world through senses and motor actions.

Explanation:

The stage of Piaget's cognitive development that is characteristic of infants is the Option a. sensorimotor stage. This is the first stage in Piaget's theory and it spans from birth to approximately 2 years of age. During the sensorimotor stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions. They explore their environment by touching, tasting, and manipulating objects. A major achievement during this stage is the development of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. This is a fundamental concept that infants begin to understand towards the end of the sensorimotor stage.

Matthew is employing the research method called participant observation. This is a type of data collection method where the individual is likely to collect information about cultures, people or process in a qualitative research and that the individual is likely to be referred to as the player in the action.

Answer:

racial

Explanation:

Segregation and expulsion are acts of isolating a particular group from the rest of society. This is unfortunately part of US history, which experienced a period of racial segregation, when blacks were forced to be separated from whites and could not use public restrooms, bus seats and other discriminatory situations. Racial segregation caused many social conflicts and was overcome, although racism is still a serious problem in American society.

Explanation of four common abuses giving rise to vulnerability: coercion, undue influence, neglect, disrespect.

The four common abuses historically described as giving rise to vulnerability are:

Coercion: Forcing someone to do something against their will.

Undue influence: Manipulating someone into making decisions they wouldn't normally make.

Neglect: Failure to provide necessary care or support.

Disrespect: Treating someone in a rude or offensive manner.