What holds base pairs together? a pairs of double-ringed nucleotides b sugar-phosphate backbones c hydrogen bonds d nitrogen-carbon bonds
In DNA, base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds. Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine and guanine are connected by three. Sugar-phosphate backbones and nitrogen-carbon bonds do not hold the base pairs together.
Explanation:In DNA, base pairs which consist of double-ringed nucleotides, are held together by hydrogen bonds. The base pairs adenine (A) and thymine (T) are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while the base pairs cytosine (C) and guanine (G) are connected by three hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds allow these base pairs to hold together, providing DNA its double helix structure.
It should be noted that sugar-phosphate backbones form the outer sides of the DNA helix but do not hold the base pairs together.
Similarly, nitrogen-carbon bonds are present in the bases and the sugar molecule but these are not responsible for the bonding of the base pairs. They exist in the individual nucleotides and not in the double-ring structure formed by base pairs.
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In DNA, the base pairs (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine) are held together by hydrogen bonds. It's not the sugar-phosphate backbone or any other components that keep the base pairs connected.
Explanation:The base pairs in DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. Specifically, in the double helical structure of DNA, composed of nucleotides, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Each of these base pairs is bound together by hydrogen bonds with A and T sharing two hydrogen bonds, and C and G sharing three.
The sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand, consisting of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, is external to the base pairs and provides structure to the DNA molecule. However, these backbones do not hold the base pairs together.
So, between the options provided, the answer is c) hydrogen bonds hold the base pairs together in DNA.
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Which list below describes the next steps of evaporated water through the water cycle?
A) Condensation, precipitation, runoff, ocean storage
B) Transpiration, condensation, precipitation, ocean storage
C) Precipitation, condensation, runoff, groundwater
It most likely is B or C idk tho
Answer:
b
Explanation:
it doesnt condensate after precipitation in c
A portion of the periodic table is shown below:
Which element has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p3?
A. Nitrogen (N)
B. Oxygen (O)
C. Phosphorus (P)
D. Sulfur (S)
Answer:
C. Phosphorus (P)
Explanation:
Given;
Electron configuration [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3[/tex]
Firstly we have to find out the number of shell of given element. For this we have to add number of electron of each shell.
Here counting goes to 3 that means element have three shells. Now we find out number of electrons in each shell.
First shell of an element is K and it has only one sub shell that is 1s. In this element 1s contains only 2 electrons.
For 2nd shell that is L has two sub shell 2s and 2p, for this element 2s contains 2 electrons and 2p contains 6 electrons. That means total number of electrons for L shell is 8.
Now for 3rd shell that is M has two sub shell 3s and 3p, for this element 3s contains 2 electrons and 3p contains 3 electrons. That means total number of electrons for M shell is 5.
Now total number of electrons for the element is the sum of number of electrons in each shell.
Total number of electrons = 2+8+5=15
And we know the number of electrons of any neutral element is equal to the number of protons and number of protons gives us atomic number of the element.
So the atomic number of given element is 15 that is of Phosphorus.
Answer:
C. Phosphorus (P)
____________ is the principal compounds that living things use for energy
Which biological process involves the conversion of one type of chemical energy into another type of chemical energy?
Answer:
Cellular Respiration
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the biological process involves the conversion of one type of chemical energy into another type of chemical energy.
The most common type of blood cancer is
Answer:
The common type of blood cancer include the following
1.Leukaemia
2. Lymphoma.
3. Myeloma.
Explanation:
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow. Many types exist such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Describe how the structure of dry ice is similar to an extended crystalline structure.
Final answer:
Dry ice consists of CO₂ molecules held in a regular, extended crystalline structure by weak intermolecular forces, similar to water ice's hydrogen-bonded crystal lattice, though with significantly weaker bonding.
Explanation:
The structure of dry ice, or solid carbon dioxide (CO₂), is formed by individual CO₂ molecules where each carbon atom is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms. In its solid form, these molecules are held together in a crystal lattice by very weak intermolecular forces, which leads to dry ice's high volatility. This structure is vastly different from that of silicon dioxide, which forms a continuous covalent network. Still, the essence of a crystalline structure in dry ice is that it has an orderly and repeating pattern, akin to water forming an ice crystal structure with an open, cagelike arrangement due to hydrogen bonding. In other words, dry ice's crystalline arrangement is such that molecules stack in a regular pattern, similar to other crystal lattices, even though the bonding forces in dry ice are much weaker, leading to its sublimation at room temperature.
8. One of the lowest layers of Earth's atmosphere has undergone a large increase in temperature
due to the presence of greenhouse gases. State the name of this temperature-zone layer.
Answer:
Answer:
Troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere that has undergone a large increase in temperature due to the presence of greenhouse gases.
Explanation:
Troposphere (0 to 12 km) where we live is the lowest layer of earth's atmosphere, which is closest to the earth's surface contains half of the atmosphere. Here most clouds are found and almost all weather occurs. Atmosphere contains approximately 78% of nitrogen , 21% of oxygen and 0.9% of argon. Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, ozone and the water vapor constitutes the rest of the atmosphere. Many small particles called aerosols are also there which include dust, spores, pollen, volcanic ash, smoke etc.The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that keeps the temperature on the earth suitable for supporting life. The greenhouse gases includes both natural and man-made gases like carbon dioxide , methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, ozone, water vapour. They absorb radiation in the atmosphere and create the green house effect. The thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is absorbed by greenhouse gases. They trap heat within the surface-troposphere system preventing it from escaping back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect, which increases the temperature of the lower atmosphere.The increase in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activity has caused an increase in the natural greenhouse effect. As a result, the atmosphere is trapping too much heat which increases the temperature of the Earth.
The troposphere has experienced a significant temperature increase due to greenhouse gases trapping heat, a process known as the greenhouse effect.
Explanation:The atmospheric layer that has undergone a large increase in temperature due to the presence of greenhouse gases is known as the troposphere. The troposphere is the lowest level of Earth's atmosphere, extending up to 12-15 km from the surface. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor play a crucial role in trapping heat within this layer through the greenhouse effect, maintaining Earth's surface temperature at levels suitable for life. This warming of the troposphere has become more pronounced in recent times, resulting in what is referred to as the enhanced greenhouse effect, contributing to global warming and climate change.
Amniocentesis is a process in which amniotic fluid is taken from the mother's womb to identify any genetic abnormalities in the fetus. How would the discovery of the human genome contribute to this process?
Answer:
The correct option is "the exact location of a particular disease-causing gene can be determined."
Explanation:
The discovery of the human genome will let us know the sequence of normal genes in a human. By comparing to this sequence, one can easily know if there is any abnormality in the fetus. The exact location where a fault has occurred can be recognized if the sequence of the normal human genome is known. Hence, the discovery of the human genome is very beneficial to the process of amniocentesis.
Breathing is required for cellular respiration. Use the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain why breathing is required.
Answer:
your brain needs oxygen to think and your lungs need oxygen to live and keep your body going
Explanation:
i think not for sure tho
Breathing supplies oxygen necessary for cellular respiration, which produces energy for cellular processes. Oxygen is a key reactant that aids in the transformation of glucose into ATP while expelling carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
Breathing is essential for cellular respiration, a process where cells break down glucose (from our food) in the presence of oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water. This process can be represented by the chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2
ightarrow 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy. When we inhale, oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to our cells, where it serves as a crucial reactant in cellular respiration. Conversely, when we exhale, we expel carbon dioxide, a byproduct of this process. During cellular respiration, energy is transformed into ATP, the main energy currency of the cell, which then powers various cellular functions.
The process of photosynthesis in plants produces the glucose and oxygen needed for cellular respiration. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle, highlighting the interconnectedness of life processes. Oxygen plays a critical role as the final electron acceptor, allowing for complete glucose breakdown and ATP production, and without it, much less ATP would be generated, impeding our body's ability to perform functions effectively.
Which of the following is the rigid, solid layer of the upper mantle that is connected to the crust? (3 points)
Asthenosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Mesosphere
Answer: The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a brittle, rigid solid. The lithosphere is the outermost mechanical layer of the Earth. The lithosphere is about 100 kilometers thick.
Explanation:
Answer: Lithosphere is the rigid, solid upper mantle connected to the crust. It is 200 kilometers thick. Temperatures at this layer are less than 1,300 degrees Celsius.
A sunflower is an angiosperm, and a gingko is a gymnosperm. Which best describes the life cycles of sunflowers and gingkoes?
Answer:
Both the sunflower and gingko have seeds.
Both the sunflower and gingko have cones.
The life cycle of sunflowers involves double fertilization; the life cycle of ginkgoes involves single fertilization.
Explanation:
An angiosperm refers to plants which are flower bearing and usually bisexual. The angiosperms are a large group and include grasses, herbs, shrubs and trees. A gymnosperm refers to plants whose seeds are borne on the female cones and seeds are not enclosed in a fruit wall. The gymnosperms comprise of coniferales, cycadales and ginkgoales. Both the sunflower (angiosperm) and ginkgo (gymnosperm) are seed-producing plants. However, the seeds of a sunflower are enclosed by a flower or a fruit wall, while in case of Ginkgoales they are not. Also, sunflowers include double fertilization, while the Ginkgoales involve only a single fertilization.
Answer:d
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer no 1:
A community can be described as a group of species that live in a same area and interact with one another. The mangrove trees, mangrove water snakes, sheepshead, and Roseate spoonbills will all be different communities interacting with one another.
In biology, a population can be described as all the organisms of the same species that live in a particular area and have the ability to interbreed. For instance, all the the mangrove water snakes living in the mangrove community will be a population.
All the biotic factors and the abiotic factors will makeup an ecosystem. For instance, in the following scenario. all the communities of the mangrove habitat along with abiotic factors like air, water etc will make up the ecosystem.
Answer No 2:
Seeds from a purple coneflower (producers)
↓
deer mouse (herbivores)
↓
red- tailed hawk (Carnivores)
Producers are organisms that are able to make their own food like plant and algae.
Herbivores are organisms that feed on plants.
Carnivores are animals that feed on other animals.
What absorbs more carbon dioxide the atmosphere or oceans?
The oceans absorb more carbon dioxide than the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Oceans are absorbers of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Like in the terrestrial environment ocean animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide and ocean plants perform photosynthesis by absorbing carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
Various human activities like burning of fossil fuels and several industrial activities cause the release of carbon dioxide in large amounts into the atmosphere which harms the earth and its inhabitants.
About one-fourth of the carbon dioxide produced in the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans of the earth. Oceans are the carbon sink of earth. Absorption of carbon dioxide makes the ocean acidic which causes harm to several ocean beings.
if an organisms body cells contain 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its gametes have
List four catastrophic events:
Answer: avalanche, earthquake, flood, forest fire, hurricane, lightning, tornado, tsunami and volcanic eruption.
Explanation: Here extra catastrophic events
Answer:
Hurricane Katrina , the indian ocean tsunami,
Pangaea , and a volcanic eruption
Decide whether each statement about hormones is true or false.
TrueFalse Homeostasis is regulated by two systems; the nervous system and the endocrine system.
TrueFalse Hormones released by the endocrine system are secreted through ducts.
TrueFalse Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the surface of a cell.
TrueFalse Hormones affect almost all cells and processes.
TrueFalse Peptide hormones travel to the nucleus of a cell.
Answer:
Explanation:
1: true
2: false
3: true
4: true
5: false
Answer:
true
false
false
true
false
Explanation:
The columns in any data table represent __________ in a controlled experiment. a variables b controls.
Answer:
The correct option is A. variables
Explanation:
The columns in any given table will be the list of the variables that are being applied to the experiment. In scientific method of research, a variable can be described as anything that can be changed in an experiment. However, a controlled group in an experiment is the one in which only one of the variable is manipulated.
The controlled experiment is used as a comparison for the experimental groups
Answer:
A. Variables
Explanation:
found on usatestprep
Water concentrates water-soluble human waste products. True or false?
Answer:
the answer is true.
Water concentrates water-soluble human waste products.
During a biology lab, students recorded that number of times an onion cell was was in each phase of the cell
cycle. The data is shown.
Interphase-461
Prophase-12
Metaphase-2
Anaphase-2
Telophase-3
Which phase/phases accounted for less than a half percent of the number of onion cells separately?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is option B) "Metaphase and Anaphase".
Explanation:
According to the notes of the biology lab, the total number of onion cells is 480 (461 + 12 + 2 + 2 + 3). Therefore, half percent of 480 corresponds to 2.4 (480 * 0.005). Since in each case the number of onion cells that were in the Metaphase and Anaphase were only 2, these two phases accounted for less than a half percent of the number of onion cells separately.
Which is true regarding all X-linked disorders?
Group of answer choices
they result in a longer lifespan
they are caused by mutations of the X chromosome
they are linked to an unknown chromosome
they are disorders that affect only women
Answer:
they are caused by mutations of the X chromosome
Explanation:
The X chromosome contains many genes in addition to those that determine sex. Certain hereditary defects determine by recessive genes are linked to the X chromosome. The disorders are caused by mutations of the X chromosomes.
how does indicate that a. dog is more closely related to a red fox than a house cat?
Answer:
Dog is more closely related to a red fox than a house cat according to a taxonomy level.
Explanation:
Dog, red fox, house cat is in the same kingdom Animalia, same phylum Chordata, same class Mammalia, same order Carnivora but the family of red fox and the gad is same i.e. Canidae but the family of the house cat is Felidae. The red fox and dog have more taxon in common. The house cat diverges at the family level.(07.06 MC)
Which of the following best explains the impact that pathogens in the environment might have on one's body? (1 point)
They enter the body and make it unable to form antibodies.
They trigger internal nonspecific responses by activating lymphocytes.
They invade the body and can cause a humoral immune response.
They reproduce and destroy body cells using phagocytes.
Answer:
C) They invade the body and can cause a humoral immune response.
This best explains the impact that pathogens in the environment might have on one's body.
Explanation:
Pathogens are the microorganisms that are found in the environment and have the tendency to cause diseases. The human body has various lines of defenses against the incoming pathogens, the Nonspecific responses keep the pathogens outside the body and these responses are common for all pathogens. If a pathogen manages to enter the body, then a series of specific responses are triggered which are focused on the type of pathogen.
The humoral response is a category of specific immunity and involves the substances found in body fluids. It particularly targets the newly invading pathogens. Hence, option C correctly describes the impact of pathogens on the body.
How do electromagnetic waves travel
The act of white blood cells engulfing a bacterium is?
Answer:
Phagocytosis refers to the engulfing of larger, solid particles. Often, the engulfed particle is another cell, like when a white blood cell, which is a part of the immune system, engulfs a bacterium to destroy it.
Final answer:
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs and destroys large particles, such as microorganisms, through a type of white blood cell known as a neutrophil.
Explanation:
The act of white blood cells engulfing a bacterium is known as phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a crucial defense mechanism employed by certain white blood cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, to eliminate foreign particles, such as bacteria and other microorganisms.
During phagocytosis, the white blood cell surrounds the bacterium with its cell membrane, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. Subsequently, lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes, fuse with the phagosome to create a phagolysosome. The enzymes within the phagolysosome break down the engulfed bacterium, rendering it harmless.
Phagocytosis is a fundamental aspect of the innate immune response, serving as a primary line of defense against infections. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and protecting against a variety of pathogens.
The portion of the membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the making lipids and breaking down toxic substances is the
Answer:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of interconnected channels running throughout the cytoplasm. Some endoplasmic reticular have granules called ribosomes on their surfaces. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum are more specialized responsible for synthesizing and transportation of Lipids and breaking down of toxic chemicals from all parts of the cell.
Answer:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Or Smooth ER
Explanation:
I was just asked this on USA test prep.
a student wants to develop a model demonstrating how transplants can save lifes. The group of tissues that removes wastes and toxic matter from the blood is diseased in a patient . What type of lifesaving transplant would the patient require ?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
A patient with diseased tissues that remove wastes and toxic matter from the blood would require a kidney transplant. Matching a donor is essential to prevent immune rejection, and scientists are exploring growing organs from the patient's own cells to avoid this issue.
The group of tissues that removes wastes and toxic matter from the blood is primarily the kidneys. When these tissues are diseased, the patient would typically require a kidney transplant to replace the failing kidneys. For an individual requiring a transplant, finding a matching donor is crucial to prevent tissue rejection. This is due to the immune system potentially destroying the donor cells, recognizing them as foreign. Patients receiving bone marrow transplants, for instance, must have their own diseased marrow destroyed beforehand, and then donor stem cells are intravenously infused. However, in the case of a kidney transplant, the procedure involves connecting a donated kidney to the recipient's blood vessels and leaving the diseased kidneys in place if they're not causing complications.
Dialysis is an alternative treatment that filters blood using a machine, but it is not a cure for kidney failure. For patients with end-stage kidney disease, a kidney transplant is the ideal alternative to long-term dialysis. The main obstacle with transplantation is finding a donor that matches the patient's human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are critical for reducing the risk of rejection.
What is the difference between amino acids and carbohydrates?
Warm waters rich in marine life would be classified as which of the following zones?
Explanation:
Answer:
the answer is neritic
Explanation:
The leaves of deciduous plants are broad, flat and designed to facilitate
photosynthesis. We know that plants need carbon dioxide and water in the
presence of light for photosynthesis to occur. We also know that plants take in
water through there roots and that water travels through xylem to reach the
leaves. These broad, flat leaves also facilitate transpiration, the loss of water through leaves. When subjected to a dry, hot environment, plants attempt to maintain homeostasis by
Answer:
Closing of stomata to reduce transpiration.
Explanation: