Answers
Answer:
Haploid: Haploid is the quality of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes. A haploid cell only has one set of chromosomes, and most of the time that refers to the sex cells, either eggs or sperm.
Diploid: Most animal cells and plant cells are diploid. The reason they're diploid is because they got one chromosome from their mother and one chromosome from their father. "Di" means two, of course.
Explanation:
There is a critical transition from a diploid cell to a haploid cell to allow normal reproduction to occur, so that when these two haploid cells come together with a single set of genetic information, they can come together into a zygote (made of when the egg cell and the sperm cell come together) that then reconstitutes a diploid cell, which can then become a new individual.
I don't know much about biology and stuff, but I hope the notes from my notebook help. Good luck!
Answer: Diploid cells contain two comlete sets of chromosomes and haploid only contain half.
Explanation:
Related Questions
An animal with bilateral symmetrya.usually displays cephalization.b.has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization. c.produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.d.has left and right sides, usually displays cephalization, and produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.e.has left and right sides.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
An organism with bilateral symmetry takes place in such animals that shows the division of the animal in two-part right and left halves or mirror image through the sagittal plane.
The example of such organisms is crab, humans, butterfly and many more. The bilateral symmetry normally has an anterior and posterior end which are mouth and tail end in such animals.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The correct answer is b. has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization, because bilateral symmetry results in two mirror-image halves and is typically associated with the evolution of cephalization.
An animal with bilateral symmetry can be divided through a sagittal plane, resulting in two mirror-image right and left halves, characteristic of organisms like the butterfly, crab, or human. Such animals have a defined 'head' and 'tail' (anterior vs. posterior), a front and back (dorsal vs. ventral), and distinct right and left sides. Bilateral symmetry is associated with cephalization, where an organized nervous system is situated at the animal’s anterior end, facilitating streamlined and directional motion which is suitable for active lifestyles.
The correct answer to the question is: b. has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization. While bilateral symmetry does result in mirror images, this is only true for a single sagittal cut. Additionally, bilateral symmetry in animals typically leads to the development of cephalization.
Manufacturing vaccine proteins in plants, or "biopharming," has several advantages over using chicken eggs for vaccine production. One advantage is that allergic risks are minimized when vaccines are produced using plants such as tobacco. What is the most likely reason why people with egg allergies may have an allergic reaction when an influenza vaccine is produced using chicken eggs?
A. Vaccine production takes much longer in eggs than it does in plants; proteins that are produced more slowly often take on a shape that causes allergic reactions.
B. Chicken eggs are more likely to become contaminated with unwanted DNA, and the expression of these genes produces proteins that cause allergies.
C. In addition to producing an influenza protein from an inserted gene, the egg cells will produce proteins that cause an allergic reaction in some people.
D. When influenza proteins are produced from egg cells, the proteins are not identical to the proteins produced by the influenza virus, and the new proteins cause allergic reactions.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is C. In addition to producing an influenza protein from an inserted gene, the egg cells will produce proteins that cause an allergic reaction in some people.
Explanation:
Chicken eggs are full of proteins, in order to carry the embryo successfully. But, when treated genetically, some proteins can start to be produced causing some allergies, combined with the proteins that are already produced that can already cause allergies.
Which of these is unique to flowering plants?
1) a dominant sporophyte generation
2) an embryo surrounded by nutritive tissue
3) haploid gametophytes
4) pollen production
5) double fertilization
Answers
Answer:
Double fertilization. (Ans. 5)
Explanation:
Double fertilization is a complex fertilization process occurs only in flowering plants known as angiosperm. In this process two male gametes or sperm cells fertilization occurs, first one is fertilized with the egg and form the zygote and second one is fuses with the 2 polar nuclei which cause the formation of endosperm.
In double fertilization, after the process of fertilization, the tissue of ovary forming the fruit and fertilized ovule of an ovary forming the seed.
Double fertilization is unique to flowering plants. Therefore, option (5) is correct.
Only blooming plants known as angiosperm experience double fertilisation, a complex fertilisation process. This procedure involves the fertilisation of two male gametes, or sperm cells; the first one fertilises the egg to create the zygote, and the second one fuses with the two polar nuclei to create the endosperm.
In double fertilisation, the fertilised ovarian ovule and ovarian tissue work together to create the seed after the fertilisation process. Therefore, option (5) is correct.
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A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called
Answers
Answer: Motor Unit
Explanation:
Answer is a motor Unit.
A motor unit is part of the neuromuscular system that consists of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers that the axon innervates or contac. When motor units are in group they are called a motor pool and they work together. Example is the contractions of muscles, All the motor units in the muscles group together to form a motor pool and coordinate the contractions of muscles.
The nurse is assessing the family dynamics of a widow with end stage terminal cancer. Which statement made between the adult children would best indicate the need for further teaching?a. "It does not matter what we think, the living will says 'do not resuscitate'."
b. "Since you are the oldest child, you have the responsibility to decide."
c. "If daddy were alive, he would be making these hard decisions, not us."
d. "The doctors have told us that it is time for us to make some tough decisions."
Answers
Answer: The answer is A - "It does not matter what we think, the living will says 'do not resuscitate'."
Explanation:
A living will is a written, legal document which the patient uses to give instructions regarding his/her treatment if they become terminally ill. It includes what they patient would and would not want to be used to keep them alive, other preferences and medical decisions such as pain management, organ donation, if and when they would want to be resuscitated by CPR or by electric shock to stimulate the heart.
A Dr which means Do Not Resuscitate is different document from a living will. A DR states if your heart stops or you stop breathing the medical professionals are not to attempt to revive you in any way. To establish a DNR order the patient has to inform the doctor about his/her preference and the order will be written in the patient's medical record.
Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.
a. instincts
b. reflexes
c. learning
d. conditioning
Answers
Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of instincts. Hence the correct option is a.
These behaviors, including birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch, are examples of instincts. Instincts are innate, inherent behaviors that are not learned or acquired through experience. They are often hard-wired in an organism's genetic code and are crucial for their survival and adaptation to their environment.
In the mentioned instances, these behaviors are instinctual responses that enhance the chances of survival and are performed without prior learning or conditioning. Birds migrate to find suitable climates, cats hunt to fulfill their predatory instincts, sea turtles navigate toward the ocean for a habitat conducive to their development, and joeys instinctively seek refuge in their mother's pouch for protection and nourishment. Hence the correct option is a.
A shrew requires about 4.2 kcal per day to simply exist. If you add in activity, the shrew needs about twice that amount. Which of the following would provide the shrew the highest number of kcal for the least amount of food in grams? A. protein B. vegetables C. carbohydrate D. fiber E. fat
Answers
Answer:
E. Fat
Explanation:
Fats are the derivatives of fatty acids which in turn are the derivatives of hydrocarbons. The breaking down of long hydrocarbon chains by oxidation produces a large amount of energy. Fats serve as a stored form of energy. Oxidation of one gram of carbohydrates provides 4 kilocalories while the complete oxidation of one gram of fats provides 9 kilocalories. Similarly, the oxidation of one gram of protein provides 4 calories. This means that the oxidation of fats provides the largest amount of energy for the least amount of food.
What do you think can be done to prevent some of the viral infections in birds? What actions do veterinarians and caretakers need to take to protect birds from these infections?
Answers
Explanation:
people need to avoid wild birds & wash their hands , avoid contact with contaminated surfaces
Final answer:
To prevent viral infections in birds such as avian flu, appropriate hygiene, biosecurity, vaccination, and research are necessary. Veterinarians play a vital role in monitoring, educating, and implementing measures to prevent the spread of viruses. Ongoing research aims to understand and combat zoonotic diseases, including their transmission to humans.
Explanation:
To prevent viral infections in birds, veterinarians and caretakers must implement several strategies. These include maintaining proper hygiene and sanitation in bird habitats, practicing biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases, and administering appropriate vaccinations. Quarantining new or sick birds and regular health screenings are also important practices.
Research by veterinarians in academic settings has emphasized the significance of understanding zoonotic diseases, such as the avian flu virus (H5N1). As this virus has been known to cross the species barrier, causing bird-to-human transmission in some instances, ongoing research is critical to develop strategies to limit its spread and protect both avian and human health.
Furthermore, public awareness and education on safe interaction with birds, and monitoring of bird populations for symptoms of the flu are crucial steps. In cases of an outbreak, immediate measures include isolating infected individuals and, if necessary, culling to prevent further transmission. Development of antiviral drugs and continued enhancement of vaccines are also key tools in the battle against viral infections in birds.
Which of the following molecules can be considered a final product in the flow of information within a cell?
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) protein
D) lipid
E) Protein or RNA can be the final product of a gene.
Answers
The molecules that can be considered a final product in the flow of information within a cell is E) Protein or RNA can be the final product of a gene.
What is flow of information within a cell ?Information moves through a cell from DNA to mRNA to protein. Information flow is the fundamental tenet of biology. A principle or collection of principles established by a body of authority as unquestionably true is called a dogma.
According to the fundamental dogma, information flows through our cells most commonly in this pattern: from existing DNA to produce new DNA (DNA replication). To create new RNA (transcription) from DNA Translation creates new proteins from RNA.
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There are many regions of the brain that are involved in memory. It is currently believed that the __________ is important for forming long-term memories and that these memories (the memory traces) are stored throughout the ________. *
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Hippocampus is important for forming long term memories, while the Prefrontal cortex is responsible for memories retrieval.
The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase.
a) true
b) false
Answers
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify a DNA segment. This reaction completes in 3 steps that are Denaturation, annealing, and extension.
Denaturation: The DNA segment is separated into the single strand by applying high temperature up to 95°c for 30 seconds.
Annealing: During annealing temperature gets lower and the primer gets anneal on the DNA templates.
Extention: During extension temperature is again increased up to 72°c and Taq polymerase is used to add nucleotide in the growing chain.
Therefore Taq polymerase does not separate DNA strands during annealing step rather it extends the new strand of DNA in extension step.
Part A Researchers found E. coli that had mutation rates 100 times higher than normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these results? Researchers found E. coli that had mutation rates 100 times higher than normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these results?
a. The proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly.
b. The single-stranded binding proteins were malfunctioning.
c. The DNA polymerase was unable to add bases to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain.
d. There were one or more mismatches in the RNA primer.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is a the proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly.
Explanation:
Proofreading mechanism is very much important to minimize the mutation rate in a newly synthesized DNA molecule during the course of DNA replication.
The proofreading activity is mediated DNA polymerase 3 which reads the daughter DNA strands in 3" → 5" direction by exonuclease activity.If any incorrect base is found within the daughter DNA molecule then proofreading activity of DNA polymerase 3 help to excise that incorrect base and replace it with correct base .
Thus proof reading helps to minimize the mutation rate in the newly synthesized DNA molecule.
The striations in skeletal muscle fibers are attributable to
Answers
Answer:
The arrangement of thin and thick filaments in myofibril.
Explanation:
Myofibril is defined as the basic rod like structure present in muscle cells. They are made up of long proteins including titin, actin, and myosin, and other proteins are helping them to hold together. The organization of these proteins are thin, and thick filaments which is known as myofilaments.
Thin filaments: Contains the actin protein which is coiled with filament nebulin.
Thick filaments: Contains the myosin protein. It is also known for force generation.
Each of the different activation pathways for complement has advantages and disadvantages compared to the other two pathways. Which of the following correctly lists an advantage and a disadvantage of classical activation in response to a new microbial intruder?
a.Advantage: very specific. Disadvantage: slow to induce complement.
b.Advantage: fast to induce complement. Disadvantage: NOT very specific.
c.Advantage: fast to induce complement. Disadvantage: very specific.
d.Advantage: very specific. Disadvantage: fast to induce complement.
Answers
The correct answer to the question is: c. Advantage: very specific. Disadvantage: slow to induce complement.
Classical pathway of complement activation is a. very specific due to requiring antibodies for initiation, but it's slow because antibody production takes time.The classical complement activation pathway is initiated by the binding of a specific antibody to a pathogen, forming an antibody-antigen complex. This prompts the activation of the C1 complex, which in turn activates the complement cascade.
This pathway is very specific since it relies on the adaptive immune system's ability to produce antibodies that specifically target the invading microbe. However, a drawback of the classical pathway is that it is slow to induce complement because it requires time for the adaptive immune system to recognize the pathogen and produce specific antibodies, making the response slower compared to other pathways.
Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the
Answers
Answer:
Rats could control the termination of the shocks.
Explanation:
From the experiment carried out by Dr. Weiss, he discovered that rats with high predictability of shock had far fewer ulcers that those who could not control the shocks. Dr. Weiss suggests that this knowledge can be applied to human beings in the fight against ulcers.
Moderate temperatures and precipitation, as well as nutrient-rich soil due to annual leaf fall, characterize this biome.
a) temperate grassland
b) taiga
c) deciduous forest
d) temperate coniferous forest
e) savannah
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is c) deciduous forest
Explanation:
Deciduous forest is the forest that is dominated by deciduous trees that shed their leaves annually. These forests are found in temperate climates having moderate temperature. They are found in eastern Canada and United States, Europe, China, and Japan.
In deciduous forest, precipitation is moderate and quite constant overall which ranges between 75-150 cm. The soil in deciduous forest is nutrient-rich as the decomposition of fallen leaves release all the nutrients into the soil. So the correct answer is c) deciduous forest.
Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________. Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________. thalamus spinal cord somatosensory cortex medulla
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-Thalamus
Explanation:
The somatosensory pathway is the pathway which sends the receptor generated sensory impulses mostly the temperature and touch to the central nervous system.
The pathway is composed of three types of neurons called primary order neuron, second-order neuron and tertiary order neuron.
The second-order neuron receives the signals from the first-order neurons and carries the signals to the relay part of the brain called thalamus. The thalamus is present in the forebrain region of the brain where it receives, analyses and sends the signals to the different region of the cerebral cortex.
Thus, the thalamus is the correct answer.
Final answer:
Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the thalamus. These pathways include the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract, and they carry different types of sensory information to the thalamus, where they synapse with third-order neurons.
Explanation:
The student is asking where the second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate. To answer this, we must delve into the anatomy and function of the ascending sensory pathways of the spinal cord, which carry peripheral sensations to the brain.
The two major pathways in this process are the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract. Both systems originate with neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and carry different types of sensory information: the dorsal column system is primarily for touch and proprioception, while the spinothalamic tract is for pain and temperature sensations. In both pathways, the second-order neurons decussate (cross over to the other side of the brain or spinal cord) and then project to the thalamus.
These second-order neurons synapse in the thalamus, after which the third-order neurons then project their axons to the somatosensory cortex, specifically to the postcentral gyrus. Here, somatosensory stimuli are processed, and the conscious perception of the stimulus occurs. Thus, the terminating point for second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception is the thalamus.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can lead to a change in _______, which can lead to a change in in the amino acid sequence of a protein. A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can lead to a change in _______, which can lead to a change in in the amino acid sequence of a protein. the central dogma translation a codon transcription
Answers
Answer:
Codon transcription
Explanation:
The DNA, present in the nucleus, is the stored form of the genetic material i.e. a segment of it is called a gene. DNA is one of the two types of Nucleic acids made up of nucleotide sequences. A nucleotide is a combination of a five-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose in DNA), nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. These nucleotides are arranged in sequence to form the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
The information stored in this gene has to be expressed, and this is done via transcription and translation processes.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. In transcription, a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a strand of DNA is formed. Transcription occurs in three steps viz: Initiation, elongation and termination where RNA polymerase uses sequence of bases in DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA. The mRNA undergoes additional processing including spicing, editing and polyadenylation before it leaves the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Each three successive nucleotide base stretch of mRNA is known as CODON and each coding contains information for a specific amino acid. These codons direct protein synthesis with assistance of tRNA in a process called translation.
In translation, the mRNA sequence is used as a template to assemble, in order, the chain of amino acids that form a protein.
If there is a change in the nucleotide sequence in the gene (segment of DNA), it will lead to a change in the sequence of the three-base mRNA (codon) formed, which may ultimately cause a change in sequence of amino acids (proteins)
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can lead to a change in "transcription," which can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.which can lead to a change in in the amino acid sequence of a protein. A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can lead to a change in mRNA sequence, which can lead to a change in in the amino acid sequence of a protein. the central dogma translation a codon transcription.
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system, and it consists of three main processes:
1. Transcription: In this process, the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed into a complementary RNA sequence. The RNA molecule produced is known as messenger RNA (mRNA), and it carries the genetic information from the gene to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
2. Translation: Translation is the process in which the information encoded in the mRNA is used to assemble a sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming a protein. This process involves the reading of the mRNA sequence in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which corresponds to a specific amino acid.
3. Codon: A codon is a set of three nucleotides in the mRNA sequence that codes for a specific amino acid or serves as a start or stop signal during translation.
when there is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, it can affect the process of transcription, leading to a change in the mRNA sequence. This altered mRNA sequence, in turn, can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein produced during translation.
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Give a brief explanation of why food webs are preferred over food chains for representing the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Answers
Answer AND Explanation:
Very often, one type of organism or species in an ecosystem happens to be the same food source for other types of consumers. The different food chains that exist in an ecosystem therefore form a complex network called food web. Food webs are more complex than food chains and therefore there can be more than one primary producer thus increasing the flow of energy an ecosystem.
There are two alleles, B and b, at a gene locus in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The relative frequency of the dominant (B) allele is 0.7. What is the expected number of heterozygous individuals if the total population size is 500 individuals?
Answers
Answer:
210
Explanation:
Frequency of dominant allele is represented by "p"
and frequency of recessive allele is represented by "q"
Given
[tex]p = 0.7[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]q = 1-p\\q = 1 - 0.7 \\q = 0.3\\[/tex]
As per Hardy Weinberg's second equation of equilibrium -
[tex]p^2 + q^ 2 + 2pq = 1\\[/tex]
Substituting the given values in above equation, we get -
[tex]0.7^ 2+ 0.3^2 + 2pq = 1\\2pq = 1- 0.49-0.09\\2pq = 0.42[/tex]
So the total number of heterozygous individual is equal to
[tex]0.42 * 500\\= 210[/tex]
Final answer:
In a population where the frequency of the dominant allele B is 0.7, the expected number of heterozygous individuals (Bb) in a population of 500, at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, is 210.
Explanation:
If there are two alleles, B and b, at a gene locus in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the relative frequency of the dominant (B) allele is 0.7, then the frequency of the recessive (b) allele (q) is 0.3 because the sum of the allele frequencies must equal 1 (p + q = 1). The expected number of heterozygous individuals in a population size of 500 can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p² + 2pq + q² = 1. Here, the frequency of heterozygotes is 2pq, which would be 2(0.7)(0.3). Plugging in the values gives us 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.42, which is the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population. To find the expected number of heterozygous individuals, we then multiply this proportion by the total population size: 0.42 * 500 = 210. Therefore, the expected number of heterozygous individuals (Bb) is 210.
Assuming that this is a healthy ecosystem, which of the following organisms
would you expect to have the largest population
A. Cougar
B. Deer
C. Grass
D. Mouse
Answers
Answer:
Grass
Explanation:
It is on the lowest level of the food chain/ trophic levels, meaning that it is the most abundent. Next would come mice, deer, then cougars. Hope this helps :)
Answer:
Cougar
Explanation:
Ape-x
The word facilitate means ""to make easier."" ___________________ means that the transport protein makes it easier for a molecule that cannot directly cross the cell membrane to enter or exit a cell.
Answers
Answer :FACILITATED DIFFUSIION
Explanation;Generally polar molecules like glucose, amino acids and Ions such as potassium and sodium can not enter or leave the cell through the phospholipid bilayer membrane of the cell. They are assisted to pass accross this barrier with the help of (1) channel proteins 2) carrier proteins.
The process by which these proteins created hydrophilic (water loving environments) to carry out transport of the above molecules and ions accross the hydrophobic (water hating environment) phospholipid membrane layer to reach the cytoplasm of cells is called facilitated diffusion.
This transport process is not active transport, because the moleucules moved down their concentration gradients.
Water- filled pores made up Channel proteins. They allows charged ions to pass through, therefore Ion channels are example of channel proteins; for example Potassium channels, Calcium channels. They are gated, thus the protein parts can move back and front like a gate to close or open the pores like a Gate. Channels proteins are fixed.
Carrier proteins are flexible and change the shapes with respect to the direction to convey the molecules accross the membrane, they are not fixed.
Prem finds an unusual object on the forest floor. After he examines it under a microscope and performs several lab tests, he concludes that the object is a living thing. Which of the following observations most likely led to Prem 's conclusion?A. The object contained carbon.B. Prem saw cells in the object.C. The object had a green color.D. Prem saw minerals inside the object.
Answers
Answer:
B. Prem saw cells in the object.
Explanation:
According to the cell theory; the cell is the basic unit of life, all living organisms are made up of cells and cells arose from preexisting cells.
Hence, in order for Prem to have concluded the object is a living thing, he must have seen cells from the microscopic examination of the object.
The correct option is B.
Humans can smell as many as 10,000 different odors but have significantly fewer types of olfactory receptors. Which of the following is the best explanation for why humans can distinguish so many smells?
a. The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once.
b. Taste receptors that are active at the same time influence the subtlety of what we smell.
c. The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors is a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination.
d. The olfactory pathway travels to a location in the brain in which memories are formed and we simply mix this new sensory information with old memories.
Answers
Answer:
C.) The belief that we can smell so many different distinct odors id a psychological process referred to as an uncinate fit or olfactory hallucination.
Explanation:
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are bipolar neurons that are activated when airborne molecules in inspired air bind to olfactory receptors. The option (C) is correct.
What are olfactory receptors?Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.
Moreover, the initial event in odor perception is the detection of odorants by olfactory (odorant) receptors (ORs), which are located on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium of the nose (1–4).
Therefore, the binding of odors to the ORs initiates an electrical signal that travels along the axons to the main olfactory bulb of the brain. The information is then transmitted to other regions of the brain, leading to odorant perception and emotional and behavioral responses.
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Certain species of plants require hummingbirds to transfer pollen from the male parts of one flower to the female parts of another flower. The shape of the plant flower is compatible only with the one species of hummingbird that transfers its pollen. The type of evidence is__________.
Answers
Answer:
Coevolution
Explanation:
Coevolution is a process of natural selection in which two or more species evolve exerting selection pressures on each other. It means that those species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.
The coevolution of a flowering plant species and a hummingbirds species is a typical example of this phenomenon. The flowering plant adapt to a pollinator (the hummingbird), which in turn adapts to the plant. Both the shape of the flower and the shape of the beak of the bird adapt perfectly to the each other getting the proper effects. The flower guarantees the dispersion of its pollen while the bird guarantees its food.
Which of the following BEST describes the characteristics and function of SIRNA?
A a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA
B. a short strand of RNA that can act as a transcription factor to initiate transcription
C a strand of DNA that can bind to and inactivate an mRNA sequence
D. a tRNA that is not able to attach to a ribosome and therefore inhibits the process of translation
Answers
A a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
siRNA stands for small interfering RNA which has a set double-stranded RNA molecule. It is also called as silencing RNA or short interfering RNA. mRNA is a messenger molecule in the siRNA.
siRNA integrates into a protein complex known as RISC that tells the siRNA to target the RNA sequence. Then its double strands unwind into a short strand in that protein complex and remain bound to it.
It then directed by the RISC either to complement ( enhance) the mRNA molecule sequence or to degrade (inactivate) the mRNA molecule sequence.
Answer:
A. a short strand of RNA that can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA
Explanation:
Just wanted to confirm. The explanation above me is correct.
Which motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers?
Answers
Answer:
The motor area both has a homunculus and has descending projection fibers is primary motor cortex
Explanation:
The primary motor cortex has projections for the entire human body map, or homunculus. Axons from the primary motor cortex project from the frontal lobe to the spinal cord.
The primary motor cortex both contains a representation known as a motor homunculus and has descending projection fibers, specifically the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts, which regulate motor functions.
Explanation:The motor area that has both homunculus and descending projection fibers is the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex has a topographical map of the body, creating a representation known as a motor homunculus. This topographical arrangement reflects the relative amount of cortical space designated for the different bodily regions, with greater space allotted for muscles capable of fine, agile movements. In addition to having a homunculus, the primary motor cortex also has descending projection fibers known as the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts. These tracts originate in the cortex and travel to the brain stem or spinal cord to regulate motor functions. In particular, neurons from the primary motor cortex, called Betz cells, synapse with lower motor neurons in the brain stem or spinal cord along these two descending pathways, playing a vital role in the control of musculature.
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Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph below shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time.
Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?
answer choices
A. mullet prey increased in the area
B. mullet parasites decreased in the area
C. the temperature of the area increased
D. the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased
Answers
Answer:
The correct option is D. the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased
Explanation:
The changes in a population of a single species can bring diverse effects on the entire food chain or food- web of an ecosystem.
If the amounts of producers, which are aquatic plants in the above scenario, decreases then the amount of consumers will also decrease as the consumers will compete for food and only those organisms will be able to survive which are better adapted in taking up food. The mullet feed on aquatic plants. Hence, when the population of aquatic plants decreases, the population of mullets will also most likely decrease.
The decrease in the mullet population can be plausibly explained by the reduction in aquatic plants in the area, which serve as a critical food source and habitat for mullet, rather than the introduction of a new predator; hence option D is correct.
The student asks why the number of mullet in an area has changed over time, suggesting that a new predator was introduced. However, a likely alternate explanation for the decrease in the mullet population could be tied to their food source and habitat. Given mullet are estuarine fish that feed on plankton and plant matter, a decrease in their food source or habitat alterations would directly impact their population.
Option D, the decrease in the amount of aquatic plants in the area, stands as a plausible explanation. Aquatic plants are critical for maintaining a healthy habitat for mullet by providing them food and shelter. Their reduction would not only limit the food available but also expose mullet to their natural predators more frequently, thereby potentially reducing the mullet population.
Alternative theories such as changes in water temperature (Option C) could also indirectly affect mullet by altering the ecosystem's overall health, affecting both predator and prey populations; however, the direct impact of a reduction in food source due to fewer aquatic plants presents a direct linkage to the observed decline in mullet population.
The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate. True or False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Ans;true
The neural plate is one of the features exclusive to the embryonic development of chordates. It is located dorsally to the notochord. The neural plate is the rudimentary nervous system of the embryo. During early development ,the neural plate is formed from the ectodermal layer . It undergoes changes in the position and arrangement of it's cells to form the brain and the spinal cord which comprises the central nervous system. It forms tissues and eventually organs by the deepening of the groove which forms ridges which eventually folds and fuses to form the neural tube . The tube differentiates into the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon, from which the organs are formed
The statement is true; the brain and spinal cord originate from the neural plate, which curls into the neural tube, eventually differentiating into the central nervous system.
Explanation:True, the brain and spinal cord indeed begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate. This plate undergoes a series of cell movements, curling to form a tube-like structure known as the neural tube. As development progresses, the neural tube further differentiates into the brain and spinal cord. The anterior end of the neural tube develops into the various regions of the brain, while the posterior portion gives rise to the spinal cord, which retains the tube structure. The hollow center of the neural tube in the brain becomes the ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors
Answers
Answer: Negative symptoms
Explanation:
Negative symptoms involves an act of reflecting noticeable decrease(s) and absence(s) in emotions, behaviors or drives. Its symptoms include motivational problem, social interactions, bad experience and responsiveness, prosody and clarity of speech, and slowed movement.
Types of negative symptoms
1 - communicative deficits
2- Affective deficits
3 - Relational deficits
4- Avolition deficits